[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2009128082A1 - Configuration dynamique des propriétés d'ensembles de batteries - Google Patents

Configuration dynamique des propriétés d'ensembles de batteries Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2009128082A1
WO2009128082A1 PCT/IL2009/000426 IL2009000426W WO2009128082A1 WO 2009128082 A1 WO2009128082 A1 WO 2009128082A1 IL 2009000426 W IL2009000426 W IL 2009000426W WO 2009128082 A1 WO2009128082 A1 WO 2009128082A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
circuitry
cells
cell
battery cells
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IL2009/000426
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Eran Ofek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2009128082A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009128082A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0069—Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circuitry connectable to a plurality of batteries, and, more specifically, to a circuitry adapted to detect defective batteries and provide a user with recommendations concerning exploitation thereof.
  • Rechargeable batteries require repeated recharging in order to support the energy consumption of the devices or appliances in which they are installed.
  • Portable devices usually require a plurality of rechargeable battery cells to operate and the number of batteries required is dictated by the required operation voltage and electrical current consumption.
  • Each general battery cell can generate around 1.2 to 3.7Volts, depending on the battery technology and chemistry, while its capacitance is a factor of the cell volume and chemical density. Charging a battery requires passing electrical current through the battery from a suitable direct-current (DC) electrical power supply.
  • DC direct-current
  • the rate of charging depends upon the magnitude of the charging current, the battery technology and chemistry and the effective cells volumes that are enclosed in the battery pack. In theory, one could reduce charging time by using a higher charging current. In practice, however, there is a limit to the charging current that can be used, due to the chemistry and technology, on which the battery cells are based.
  • All batteries have some internal resistance. Power dissipated as the charging current passes through this internal resistance heats the battery. The heat that is generated as a battery is recharged interferes with the battery's ability to acquire a full charge and in extreme cases, can also damage the battery.
  • Fast charge for NiCd and Ni-MH is usually defined as a 1 hour recharge time, which corresponds to a charge rate of about 1.2c.
  • the vast majority of applications where NiCd and Ni-MH are used do not exceed this rate of charge. It is important to note that fast charging can only be done safely if the cell temperature is within 10-40°C, and 25 0 C is typically considered optimal for charging. Fast charging at lower temperatures (10-20°C) must be done very carefully, as the pressure within a cold cell will rise more quickly during charging, which can cause the cell to release gas through the cell's internal pressure vent and this shortens the life of the battery.
  • NiCd and Ni-MH (Nickel-Metal Hydride) batteries during charging are quite different:
  • the NiCd charge reaction is endothermic (meaning it makes the cell get cooler), while the Ni-MH charge reaction is exothermic (it makes the cell heat up).
  • the importance of this difference is that it is possible to safely force very high rates of charging current into a NiCd cell, as long as it is not overcharged.
  • the internal impedance is usually quite low for NiCd; hence high charge rates are possible.
  • NiCd cells which are optimized for very fast charging, and can tolerate charge rates of up to 5c (allowing a fast-charge time of about 15 minutes).
  • the products that presently use these ultra-fast charge schemes are cordless tools, where a 1 hour recharge time is too long to be practical.
  • the maximum charging rate is limited it can take a long time to charge a battery to its capacity. In some cases, battery charging times as long as 16 hours are standard. The time to charge a particular battery pack depends upon the internal cells total capacity that dictates the size of the battery pack and the internal architecture of the battery. Another problem with the current battery chargers is that they are not always designed in a way that optimizes the service lives of the batteries being charged. Some chargers achieve reduced charging times be providing excessive charging currents in a way which can reduce the life-spans of the batteries under charge. In some cases the deterioration results in a reversible capacity loss or "memory". With "memory”, the battery regresses with each recharging to the point where it can hold less than half of its original capacity. This interferes with the proper operation of devices powered by the battery. Furthermore, when a battery cannot be fully charged, the battery has a poor ratio of weight to capacity. This is especially significant in electric vehicles.
  • NiCd batteries suffer an additional problem, called the memory effect. If a NiCd battery is only partially discharged before recharging it, and this happens several times in a row, the amount of energy available for the next cycle will only be slightly greater than the amount of energy discharged in the cell's most-recent cycle. This characteristic makes it appear as if the battery is "remembering" how much energy is needed for a repeated application.
  • the physical process that causes the memory effect is the formation of potassium-hydroxide crystals inside the cells. This build up of crystals interferes with the chemical process of generating electrons during the next battery use cycle. These crystals can form as a result of repeated partial discharge or as a result of overcharging the NiCd battery.
  • Typical usage for cellular telephones will vary significantly with user, but, the estimate for mobile radio usage (10% of the duty cycle is spent in transmit mode, 10% in receive mode, and 80% in standby mode) is also a reasonable estimate for cellular phone usage.
  • the user places the battery (phone) on a recharging unit that will charge the battery for the next usage cycle.
  • This usage pattern is appropriate for NiCd or Ni-MH batteries. NiCd batteries should be completely discharged between uses to prevent memory effects created by a recurring duty cycle.
  • Batteries and battery systems from other manufacturers may be used if the batteries are certified to work with that particular brand and model of phone. Damage to the phone may result if non-certified batteries are used.
  • the expected usage of a laptop computer is that the operator will use it several times a week, for periods of several hours at a time.
  • the computer will drain the battery at a moderate rate when the computer is running and at the self-discharge rate when the computer is shut off. Quite often, the user will use the computer until the "low battery” alarm sounds. At this point, the battery will be drained of 90% of its charge before the user recharges it.
  • the computer will also register regular periods of non-use, during which the battery can be recharged. Secondary NiCd batteries are most appropriate for this usage pattern.
  • a laptop-computer battery reaches the end of its life cycle, it should be replaced with a battery designed specifically for that laptop computer. Using other types of batteries may damage the computer.
  • the user's manual for the laptop computer will list one or more battery types and brands that may be used. If in doubt, the user is advised to contact the manufacturer of the laptop computer and ask for a battery-replacement recommendation.
  • Almost all commercial, off-the-shelf camcorders come with a battery and a recharging unit when purchased. The camcorder is typically operated continuously for several minutes or hours (to produce a video recording of some event).
  • Camcorder batteries are usually designed to provide 2 hours of service, but larger batteries are available that can provide up to 4 hours of service.
  • Lithium camcorder batteries can provide three to five times the energy of a single cycle of secondary NiCd batteries. These lithium batteries, however, are primary batteries and must be properly disposed of at the end of their life cycle. Secondary lithium-ion camcorder batteries are being developed. Secondary (rechargeable) batteries require a battery charger to bring them back to full power. The charger will provide electricity to the electrodes (opposite to the direction of electron discharge), which will reverse the chemical process within the battery, converting the applied electrical energy into chemical potential energy.
  • off-the-shelf chargers are identified and recommended, by each of the major battery manufacturers, for each type of secondary battery they produce.
  • the current that a charger supplies to the battery is normally expressed as a fraction of the theoretical current (for a given battery) needed to charge the battery completely in 1 hour.
  • C For example, a current of 0.1 C is that current which, in 10 hours, theoretically, would recharge the battery fully.
  • Slow charge rates are the most-often recommended charge rate, since a battery can be recharged in less than a day, without significant probability of damaging or degrading the battery.
  • Slow charge rates can be applied to a battery for an indefinite period of time, meaning that the battery can be connected to the charger for days or weeks with no need for special shutoff or current-limiting equipment on the charger.
  • Trickle chargers charge rates lower than 0.05 C are generally insufficient to charge a battery. They are usually only applied after a battery is fully charged (using a greater charge rate) to help offset the self-discharge rate of the battery. Batteries on a trickle charger will maintain their full charge for months at a time.
  • the charger may be provided, by the battery manufacturer, as an integral part of the battery itself. This design has the obvious advantage of ensuring that the correct charger is used to charge the battery, but this battery-charger combination may result in size, weight and cost penalties for the battery.
  • batteries available in the market can only be charged as a whole entity. Some batteries, comprise a number of battery cells, however the aforesaid cells are in different states relative to each other. Defectiveness of only one battery cell renders the entire battery non operational. Thus, it is a long-felt and unmet need to provide a circuitry and a method adapted for dynamically configuring properties of the battery packs and customizing interconnection of the battery cell such that a predetermined voltage and current is applied to the load.
  • the circuitry is connectable to a plurality of electrical battery cells and/or battery packs.
  • the circuitry is adapted for connecting the battery cells or battery packs to the load.
  • the controller is preprogrammed for configuring the switches such that the load is provided with the electrical voltage according a predetermined protocol.
  • Another object of the invention is to disclose the controller adapted to be controlled automatically according a predetermined protocol.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the controller adapted to be controlled manually.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the controller adapted for determining physical properties of the batteries to be connected to the circuitry.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the controller adapted to interconnect the batteries in a predetermined manner of a plurality of groups.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the adapted to maintain a predetermined operating voltage during changing a plurality of the battery cells or battery pack configuration.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the circuitry adapted to maintain a predetermined operating current during changing at least a portion of the battery cells or battery pack configuration.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the circuitry adapted to indicate a status of each battery and provide a user with recommendations concerning duty, recharging, replacing and/or withdrawing from duty.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the circuitry adapted to provide a plurality of electrical voltages to a plurality of loads according to a predetermined protocol.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the circuitry adapted to provide a plurality of electrical current to a plurality of loads according to a predetermined protocol.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose a battery for providing at least one controllable electric voltage to a load.
  • the battery comprises a plurality of electrical battery cells.
  • the circuitry is adapted for connecting the battery cells to the load.
  • the controller is preprogrammed for configuring the switches such that the load is provided with the electrical voltage according a predetermined protocol.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose, in the disclosed battery, the controller adapted to be controlled manually.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose, in the disclosed battery, the controller adapted to be controlled automatically according to a predetermined protocol.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose, in the disclosed battery, the controller adapted to be controlled automatically according to requests, communicated with the loads.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose, in the disclosed battery, the controller adapted for determine physical properties of the battery cell to be connected to the circuitry.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose, in the disclosed battery, the controller adapted to interconnect the batteries in a predetermined grouped manner.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose, in the disclosed battery, the battery cells which are replaceable in a hot-swap manner.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose, in the disclosed battery, the circuitry adapted to hot-swap the battery cells with loads.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose, in the disclosed battery, the circuitry adapted to maintain a predetermined operating voltage during changing at least a part of the batteries.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose, in the disclosed battery, the controller adapted to indicate a status of each battery and provide a user with recommendations about using, recharging, replacing and/or withdrawing from usage.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose a rechargeable battery system.
  • the aforesaid system comprises: (a) a plurality of battery cells further comprising a first group and a second group; (b) a charging unit adapted to charge the plurality of battery cells; (c) a circuitry adapted to individually connect the battery cells of the first group to the charging unit.
  • the circuitry is adapted to connect the second group of the plurality of battery cells in series for energizing a load when the first group of the plurality of battery cells is charged.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the circuitry adapted to interconnect of battery cells in order to form a predetermined cell groups and further interconnect said formed groups into predetermined configurations.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the circuitry adapted to manually and/or automatically select which battery cell is to be included in which battery cell group according to the battery cell parameters.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the circuitry adapted to change said battery cell group configurations and said interconnections between groups of battery cells in real time, under load and/or offline, while not connected to a load.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the circuitry adapted to change said battery cell group configurations and said interconnections between said groups in response to changes in the charger input power drop.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the circuitry adapted to change the battery cell group configurations and the interconnections between the groups in response to changes in the load.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the circuitry adapted to change the battery cell group configurations and the interconnections between groups of battery cells in response to user's commands which may be communicated by a user or a loading device.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose a method of charging a battery.
  • the aforesaid battery has a plurality of battery cells and a switching unit for interconnecting one or more of said plurality of battery cells.
  • the method comprises the steps of: (a) maintaining charged battery cells as spare battery cells inside or outside the battery pack; (b) interconnecting a first plurality of battery cells to form a first battery cell group having a predetermine output voltage; (c) monitoring each battery cell and /or each of the plurality of battery cells in the first battery cell group to determine whether a battery cell of the first battery cell group is defective; (d) identifying a spare battery cell for use in place of the first battery cell if it is determined that the first battery cell is defective; (e) swapping the connections between the spare battery cell and the defective battery cell to replace the defective battery position with the spare battery; (f) optionally reporting about defective cell, number of left spare cells; and (g) energizing a load using the first battery cell group.
  • FIG. 1 shows the battery and charger configuration
  • FIG. 2 shows a battery pack according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a configuration of the preferred embodiment in a scenario for fast charging of a battery
  • FIG. 4 shows the configuration for using a preferred embodiment for using the current stored in the batteries interconnected in series
  • FIG. 5 shows the configuration for using a preferred embodiment for using the current stored in the batteries interconnected in parallel
  • FIG. 6 shows an optional configuration of a group of plurality of battery cells in parallel
  • FIG. 7 shows an optional configuration of a group of plurality of battery cells in series
  • FIG. 8 shows an optional configuration which enables the communication between the loading device and the battery pack, through the charger; and FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the charging/discharging process;
  • FIG. 10 shows an optional configuration which enables the selective connection of each battery cell into a group of parallel or sequentially connected cells, with the options to be connected to a monitoring module or to be excluded from the battery pack;
  • FIG. 11 shows a multi contact switch, as an example to a switch that may be used as a selector for selecting the battery cell connections;
  • FIG. 12 shows an optional switching board grid, to enable the inclusion of each battery cell into any type of group, at any position and orientation.
  • the witches may be electronically controlled.
  • An electrochemical rechargeable battery cell is a device used for generating an electromotive force (voltage) and current from chemical reactions, or the reverse, inducing a chemical reaction by a flow of current. The current is caused by the reactions releasing and accepting electrons at the different ends of a conductor.
  • a common example of a rechargeable electrochemical battery cell is a standard Ni-Mh 1.2-volt battery. The chemical reaction in rechargeable battery cells is almost totally reversible by reversing the voltage and current to the cell for a while with a compatible charger.
  • An electrochemical cell consists of two half-cells. Each half-cell consists of an electrode, and an electrolyte. The two half-cells may use the same electrolyte, or they may use different electrolytes.
  • the chemical reactions in the cell may involve the electrolyte, the electrodes or an external substance (as in fuel cells which may use hydrogen gas as a reactant).
  • ions, atoms, or molecules from one half-cell lose electrons (oxidation) to their electrode while ions, atoms, or molecules from the other half- cell gain electrons (reduction) from their electrode.
  • a salt bridge is often employed to provide electrical contact between two half-cells with very different electrolytes — to prevent the solutions from mixing. This can simply be a strip of filter paper soaked in saturated potassium nitrate (V) solution. Other devices for achieving separation of solutions are porous pots and gelled solutions.
  • the cell potential can be predicted through the use of electrode potentials (the voltages of each half-cell). The difference in voltage between electrode potentials gives a prediction for the potential measured.
  • Cell potentials have a possible range of about zero to 6 volts.
  • Cells using water-based electrolytes are usually limited to cell potentials less than about 2.5 volts, because the very powerful oxidizing and reducing agents which would be required to produce a higher cell potential tend to react with the water.
  • a rechargeable battery cell also known as a storage battery cell, is technically a group of two or more secondary cells, such as laptop batteries containing six individual cells. However, they are often used to refer to a single cell, such as a NiMh AA battery. These batteries can be restored to full charge by the application of electrical energy, such as through a battery charger. In other words, they are batteries in which the electrochemical reaction that releases energy is readily rechargeable. They come in many different designs using different chemicals. Commonly used secondary cell (“rechargeable battery”) chemistries are lead acid, nickel cadmium (NiCd), nickel metal hydride (NiMh), lithium ion (Li-ion), and lithium ion polymer (Li-ion polymer).
  • Rechargeable batteries can offer economic and environmental benefits compared to disposable batteries.
  • Some rechargeable battery types are available in the same sizes as disposable types (e.g. AA, AAA, D, CRl 23 A etc). While the rechargeable cells have a higher initial cost, rechargeable batteries can be recharged many times. Proper selection of a rechargeable battery system can reduce toxic materials sent to landfills compared to an equivalent series of disposable batteries. For example, some manufacturers of NiMh rechargeable batteries claim a service life of 100-1000 charge cycles for their batteries.
  • the positive and negative electrodes are known as the cathode and anode, respectively.
  • the positive electrode In rechargeable cells the positive electrode is the cathode on discharge and the anode on charge, and vice versa for the negative electrode.
  • the active components in a secondary cell are the chemicals that make up the positive and negative active materials, and the electrolyte.
  • the positive and negative are made up of different materials, with the positive exhibiting a reduction potential and the negative having an oxidation potential. The sum of these potentials is the standard cell potential or voltage.
  • the charger has three key functions: (a.) getting the charge into the battery (Charging), (b.) optimizing the charging rate (Stabilizing) and (c.) knowing when to stop (Terminating)
  • the charging scheme is a combination of the charging and termination methods.
  • Reverse charging which damages batteries, is when a rechargeable battery is recharged with its polarity reversed. Reverse charging can occur under a number of circumstances, the two most important being: When a battery is incorrectly inserted into a charger, or when multiple batteries are used in series in a device. When one battery completely discharges ahead of the rest, the other batteries in series may force the discharged battery to discharge to below zero voltage.
  • the depth of discharge is normally stated as a percentage of the nominal ampere- hour capacity; 0% DOD means no discharge. Since the usable capacity of a battery system depends on the rate of discharge and the allowable voltage at the end of discharge, the depth of discharge must be qualified to show the way it is to be measured. Due to variations during manufacture and aging, the DOD for complete discharge can change over time / discharge cycles. Generally a rechargeable battery system will tolerate more charge/discharge cycles if the DOD is lower on each cycle.
  • parasitic or side effects such as passivation of the electrodes, crystal formation and gas build up, which all affect charging times and efficiencies, but these may be relatively minor or infrequent, or may occur only during conditions of abuse. They are therefore not considered here.
  • Another parasitic side effect is the hysteresis, which reduces the cell's efficiency a bit every recharging process.
  • the battery charging process thus has at least three characteristic time constants associated with achieving complete conversion of the active chemicals which depend on both the chemicals employed and on the cell construction.
  • the time constant associated with the charge transfer could be one minute or less, whereas the mass transport time constant can be as high as several hours or more in a large high capacity cell. This is one of the reasons why cells can deliver or accept very high pulse currents, but much lower continuous currents. (Another major factor is the heat dissipation involved). These phenomena are non linear and apply to the discharging process as well as to charging. There is thus a limit to the charge acceptance rate of the cell.
  • a memorable though not quite equivalent phenomenon is the pouring of beer into a glass. Pouring very quickly results in a lot of froth and a small amount of beer at the bottom of the glass. Pouring slowly down the side of the glass or alternatively letting the beer settle till the froth disperses and then topping up allows the glass to be filled completely.
  • the commonly available fast charging process also causes increased Joule heating of the cell because of the higher currents involved and the higher temperature in turn causes an increase in the rate of the chemical conversion processes. This phenomenon is emphasized as battery cell volume is larger, since the charging current is forced to flow through a longer resistive path.
  • Rechargeable batteries currently are used for applications such as automobile starters, portable consumer devices, light vehicles (such as motorized wheelchairs, golf carts, electric bicycles, and electric forklifts), tools, and uninterruptible power supplies. Emerging applications in hybrid electric vehicles and electric vehicles are driving the technology to improve cost, reduce weight, and increase lifetime.
  • rechargeable batteries Unlike non-rechargeable batteries (primary cells), rechargeable batteries had to be charged before use. The need to charge rechargeable batteries before use deterred potential buyers who needed to use the batteries immediately. However, new low self discharge batteries allow users to purchase rechargeable battery that already hold about 70% of the rated capacity, allowing consumers to use the batteries immediately and recharge later.
  • Grid energy storage applications use industrial rechargeable batteries for load leveling, where they store electric energy for use during peak load periods, and for renewable energy uses, such as storing power generated from photovoltaic arrays during the day to be used at night. By charging batteries during periods of low demand and returning energy to the grid during periods of high electrical demand, load-leveling helps eliminate the need for expensive peaking power plants and helps amortize the cost of generators over more hours of operation.
  • FIG 1 shows the configuration of the battery pack (1), comprising of a plurality of rechargeable battery cells (2).
  • the battery pack (1) is connected (3) via a switching module (4) to a controller (5).
  • the controller (5) is managing the interconnections (3) of the battery cells (2) according to predetermined rule sets which may be influenced by inputs from a monitoring module (6) which can test each cell that is connected to it by the controller's (5) command.
  • the charging module (8) is managing the interconnections between the battery cells (2) in a way that allows the charging of a plurality of battery cells in an electronically floating way.
  • the energy (10) to the system is fed into the charging module (8) through a suitable AC/DC managing module (9) which converts the inlet power profile into the required form of voltage and current as required by the charging module (8) and the Load connector (7).
  • the load (11) is connected to the charging load connector module (7) in a way that allows the normal and transparent operation of the loading device while the battery pack (1) is transparently managed by the controller (5).
  • the controller (5) may be mechanically, manually controlled and/or electronically managed.
  • the load connector (22) is feeding the load (7) directly from the AC/DC Voltage/Current Managing Module (9), to allow the fluent energy provisioning to the load.
  • FIG 2 shows a battery pack (1) which is comprised of a plurality of sequentially connected battery cells (14) where each battery cell may be divided into groups of smaller cells (2) which are configured for loading mode.
  • a switch (not shown) controls the interconnections between the battery cell groups (14) in such a way that it can switch between recharging mode where the battery pack (1) is being recharged and operational mode.
  • the battery (1) can be switched in such a way that individual sub-cells
  • FIG 3 shows a battery pack (1) which is comprised of a plurality of battery cells (2) where each battery cell is connected through its switching module (4) to its charging module (8).
  • FIG 3 describes the basic configuration required for the charging mode.
  • Each charging module (8) may be an electronically separated charging module in the system's charging module (15)
  • the charging module (8) is connected to the power supply (9 and 10) to enable the recharging process.
  • a power source inlet (10) may be any connection to an external power source such as the electric socket, USB plug and of other battery.
  • FIG 4 shows an apparatus, according to a preferred embodiment of the application implemented as a circuit for charging a plurality of battery cells (2).
  • Each battery cell (2) has connectors for each of its poles going outside.
  • Any device controlling the circuit (4) controls the interconnections between the batteries (2) by switches (4), where in the case of recharging, switches (4) in the circuit are closed (4a) as shown, while switches connections (4b) to the load (7 and 11) are open.
  • the recharging is accomplished by charging each of the batteries (2) separately while they are connected in to their charging components, using a low voltage (for example 1.5V). In the operation mode, the batteries (2) are interconnected in series.
  • FIG 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the apparatus which provides charging a plurality of battery cells (2).
  • Each battery cell (2) has connectors for each of its poles going outside.
  • Any device controlling the circuit (4) controls the interconnections between the batteries (2) by switches (4), where in the case of recharging, switches (4) in the circuit are closed (4a) as shown, while switches connections (4b) to the load (7 and 11) are open. The recharging is accomplished by charging each of the batteries
  • the batteries (2) are interconnected in parallel.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of group of plurality of said cells, in a configuration where said battery cells are interconnected in parallel.
  • the load (7) While in operation mode, the load (7) is connected to the batteries (2) by switching the interconnections (4) from state (4a) to state (4b), allowing the interconnections between the cells and the loading component (7) which connects to the load (11)
  • C is the total battery capacity (current)
  • the diodes (12) are optional and are provided to protect the battery cells (2) from back current which may damage them or affect the battery pack performances.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of group of plurality of said cells, in a configuration, where said battery cells are interconnected in sequential.
  • C is the total battery capacity (current)
  • the diodes (12) are optional and are provided to protect the battery cells (2) from back current which may damage them or affect the battery pack performances.
  • switches 4 can be mechanic switches, microelectronic switches or any other switching mechanism as is known in the art.
  • the switch (4) may be divided into at least two separate switches, one for charging and at least one for usage or be combined into a single connector for both operations.
  • the switches (4) may be parts and modules of a larger switch or controller, and may be connected together or managed separately.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example of a circuitry which enables the communication between said battery charger (21) and the loading device (20).
  • the said battery pack (1) switches (4) are controlled by the controller (5) to configure the battery pack (1) battery cells (2) for charging or for load. This is controllable by communication with the loading device (20) through communication of the charger (21) communication module (17) and the device (21) communication module (18).
  • the purpose of the said circuitry is to enable the communication between the loading device and the charger, to determine the required voltage and current profile, as well as to communicate the device's
  • FIG 9 shows a flowchart of a charging/discharging process
  • each battery cell is connected to a corresponding charging module in an individual manner at the step 120.
  • Charging the battery cells is performed by the charging device up to a predetermined maximum voltage at the step 130.
  • battery cells are interconnected to provide at an output thereof a predetermined voltage at the step 140.
  • the load is energized by the battery down to a predetermined minimum voltage at the step 150.
  • the steps 130-150 can be repeated as required
  • FIG 10 shows an optional circuitry to allow the selective inclusion of each individual battery cell (2) in a parallel or sequential group.
  • This circuitry allows the switching (4) between the modes of operation, where by switching (4) to (4a) position allows the recharging of the battery cell. Switching (4) to (4b) position allows the inclusion of the battery cell in the battery pack and switching (4) to (4c) excludes this battery cell from the battery pack.
  • switch (4) While switch (4) is set to (4b) position, switch (24) is capable to select whether the battery cell is participating in a serial group (24b), or participating in a parallel group (24c). Switch
  • This configuration utilizes rectifying diodes (12) to allow safer and more efficient operation while cell is configured to participate in a group of battery cells connected in parallel.
  • connection of the battery cell is possible only to two neighbor cells.
  • each battery cell connection options may be pre-determined by the circuitry and cannot be changed during run-time.
  • the switch (24) of the neighbor battery cell should be positioned in a way that bypasses it.
  • switches (4) and (24) may be components of a manual, automatic, analog or digital controller, relay switches etc.
  • FIG 11 shows an optional dual line, 3 positions switch which can be used for selecting between the exclusion of a battery cell, connecting it to a parallel group or connecting it to a sequential group. Both lines are controlled simultaneously in a way that the lines are always connected to the same positions. For example: when line 1 (marked with '+”) is in (24a) position, line 2 (marked with "-”) will be in (24a) position as well.
  • FIG 12, shows an optional circuitry, to allow more flexibility while interconnecting battery cells (2). It can connect a plurality of battery cells (2) into a plurality of battery cell groups, where each group is comprised of either battery cells which are connected in parallel or battery cells which are connected in sequential. In addition, this circuitry can interconnect any group to any other group in parallel or sequential and form any configuration as needed.
  • the switching components (25), by connecting nodes of the grid (26), can form any battery pack configuration.
  • the switches (25) may be manually controlled, electronically controlled, optically controlled, temperature controlled etc.
  • the switches (25) may be components in an analog or digital controller.
  • a battery pack consisting of 50 Ni-Mh battery cells of 1.2V, 1.8Ah each is provided. Each cell is individually connected by means of the circuitry to a fast charging device. After the batteries are fully recharged, the circuitry is automatically reconfigured, and the battery cells are interconnected in the following manner: groups consisting of 10 cells are connected in series. The resulting 5 groups are connected in parallel. This structure includes diodes to avoid reverse currents and back feeds. This configuration forms a battery pack with a configuration of 12VDC and 9Ah and can recharge in less than 15 minutes.
  • This battery pack is customizable to include more battery cells and can easily reconfigure the interconnections between its battery cells to generate various output voltages and currents.
  • This battery pack and charger is capable of fast charging a larger number of battery cells in parallel, and then reconfigure the interconnections between said battery cells to load configuration.
  • the cells are characteristically thin and long such that the electrodes are connected to a CMOS component (or a diode component), to prevent back current while connected in parallel to a plurality of battery cells in the group.
  • the CMOS detects when in charging mode and flips the diode component to enable the charging.
  • CMOS component that can detect when said battery cell is interconnected to other battery cells or to a charging module, and in some cases the battery cell is connected to a monitoring component to verify its charge status.
  • This CMOS component is protecting the cell from back currents, while not preventing the cell charging process and the cell monitoring process.
  • CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
  • Diodes complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
  • each battery cell is separately recharged and the protocol for recharging the cells in the battery is determined by the individual cell's performance and profile and not by a predetermined unchangeable order.
  • a charging protocol is referred to herein as a floating charging protocol.
  • the battery pack is reconfigured to provide the required output.
  • any battery pack comprising more than one cell is sealed.
  • the aforesaid battery pack is always recharged as a whole entity.
  • a defective or weak cell in the battery pack imposes the battery overall performances.
  • Each cell is a member in a group, and one weaker cell might delay or even interfere with the recharging process.
  • a plurality of any rechargeable batteries such as Ni-Mh, Li-Ion, NiCd or any others is connectable to the disclosed circuitry.
  • the core innovation is to provide splitting a standard cell into many smaller cells.
  • the battery pack comprises A, AA, AAA, D size batteries in any combinations, as well as creating whole new battery packs for electric vehicles etc.
  • CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
  • load balancing by means of CMOS and excluding defective cells improve process of charging, extend battery throughput and extend battery life time.
  • heat and transfer parameters are improved (per current and time units).
  • the mandatory components are: battery cells, charger [slot] for each battery cell, 2 switchovers per each battery cell.
  • the controller should be able to request the monitoring system about the battery cell status and then decide how to connect it in the group or to the charger, as well as to decide when to recharge and which cells.
  • the cell monitoring is also an "off-shelf component and technology.
  • the aforesaid module reports to the controller for action.
  • the power units, charger components and the transformers (AC/DC voltage, current regulators) are all off-shelf and common.
  • an electric vehicle battery pack in most cases comprises a large number of rechargeable battery packs which are able to provide the energy to the electric vehicle with the intention to provide sufficient energy for driving about 2 hours at the velocity of lOOkm/h.
  • the recharging process of such a battery takes a few hours and is done by connecting the battery poles to a compatible charger.
  • the electric vehicle battery pack containing the same amount of energy be divided into a few thousand's of smaller battery cells, connected to a switch board with at least two states.
  • each battery cell is connected to its respective recharging component, to allow the recharging process for all the cells concurrently but separately.
  • the other state of switching is connecting each battery into a group, to form the battery pack cell configuration, to allow the provisioning of the required voltage and current.
  • this battery pack can be recharged in a time equal to the maximum time required for a single cell to recharge, between about 4 and 12 minutes, instead of a few hours if battery is recharged as the whole entity.
  • the term 'form factor of the battery cell' refers to a ratio of a transverse dimension to and a longitudinal dimension thereof.
  • the battery pack comprises only one battery cell,- such as a rechargeable Ni-Mh battery of 1.2V, or a rechargeable Li-Ion battery of 3.7V, the aforesaid battery is suggested to be divided into many smaller battery cells, with an accumulative capacity equal to the original battery pack.
  • a power tool which can be used for wirelessly drilling, welding or construction, is usually packaged with two battery pack.
  • the other pre-recharged battery pack is inserted to the power tool and the drained one is connected to the charger for a recharge process.
  • most power tools are massive power consumers, their battery packs are comprised of many battery cells, to form the required high voltage and current output to provide the energy required to perform the work for at least 15 minutes.
  • the time taken to recharging the power tool battery pack is much longer than a draining period. Therefore, it is not practical to use power tools for a work which requires higher energy capacity, without the need to wait for the other battery set to recharge.
  • the disclosed invention should become the new standard in recharging any rechargeable battery cell or pack.
  • the commonly accepted paradigm which claims that there are no differences in performances and efficiency while charging methods of charging battery cells in parallel groups and or sequential groups against the method disclosed in this invention, should not be acceptable anymore.
  • the battery is adapted to identify connected device to be energized and "electronically handshake" therewith.
  • the aforesaid device requests specific configuration or input power profile provided by the battery.
  • the battery is adapted to dynamically readjust the provided power profile according to the device request.
  • Energizing a number of power-consuming devices in a concurrent manner is in the scope of the current invention.
  • Device may concurrently request a few different profiles in different connectors (such as -5 V, 0, 5 V, 12V etc).
  • the battery may request from the device to reduce energy consumption, for example, to be toggled into a standby mode.
  • a circuitry for providing at a plurality of controllable electric voltage and current to a load is disclosed.
  • the circuitry is connectable to a plurality of electrical battery cells and/or battery packs.
  • the circuitry is adapted for connecting the battery cells or battery packs to the load.
  • the circuitry comprises (a) a plurality of switches adapted for controllably interconnecting the batteries with each other and (b) a controller adapted for controlling the switches.
  • the controller is preprogrammed for configuring the switches such that the load is provided with the electrical voltage according a predetermined protocol.
  • the controller is adapted to be controlled automatically according a predetermined protocol.
  • the controller is adapted to be controlled manually.
  • the controller is adapted for determining physical properties of the batteries to be connected to the circuitry.
  • the controller is adapted to interconnect the batteries in a predetermined manner of a plurality of groups.
  • the circuitry is adapted to maintain a predetermined operating voltage during changing a plurality of the battery cells or battery pack configuration.
  • the circuitry id adapted to maintain a predetermined operating current during changing at least a portion of the battery cells or battery pack configuration.
  • the circuitry is adapted to indicate a status of each battery and provide a user with recommendations concerning duty, recharging, replacing and/or withdrawing from duty.
  • the circuitry is adapted to provide a plurality of electrical voltages to a plurality of loads according to a predetermined protocol.
  • the circuitry is adapted to provide a plurality of electrical current to a plurality of loads according to a predetermined protocol.
  • a battery for providing at least one controllable electric voltage to a load comprises a plurality of electrical battery cells.
  • the circuitry is adapted for connecting the battery cells to the load.
  • the circuitry comprising (a) a plurality of switches adapted for controllably interconnecting said battery cells with each other and (b) a controller adapted for controlling said switches.
  • the controller is preprogrammed for configuring the switches such that the load is provided with the electrical voltage according a predetermined protocol.
  • the controller is adapted to be controlled manually.
  • the controller is adapted to be controlled automatically according to a predetermined protocol.
  • the controller is adapted to be controlled automatically according to requests, communicated with the loads.
  • the controller is adapted for determine physical properties of the battery cell to be connected to the circuitry.
  • the controller is adapted to interconnect the batteries in a predetermined grouped manner.
  • the battery cells are replaceable in a hot-swap manner.
  • the circuitry is adapted to hot-swap the battery cells with loads.
  • the circuitry is adapted to maintain a predetermined operating voltage during changing at least a part of the batteries.
  • the controller is adapted to indicate a status of each battery and provide a user with recommendations about using, recharging, replacing and/or withdrawing from usage.
  • a rechargeable battery system comprises: (a) a plurality of battery cells further comprising a first group and a second group; (b) a charging unit adapted to charge the plurality of battery cells; (c) a circuitry adapted to individually connect the battery cells of the first group to the charging unit. It is a core innovation to provide the circuitry is adapted to connect the second group of the plurality of battery cells in series for energizing a load when the first group of the plurality of battery cells is charged.
  • circuitry is adapted to interconnect of battery cells in order to form a predetermined cell groups and further interconnect said formed groups into predetermined configurations.
  • the circuitry is adapted to manually and/or automatically select which battery cell is to be included in which battery cell group according to the battery cell parameters.
  • the circuitry is adapted to change said battery cell group configurations and said interconnections between groups of battery cells in real time, under load and/or offline, while not connected to a load.
  • the circuitry is adapted to change said battery cell group configurations and said interconnections between said groups in response to changes in the charger input power drop.
  • the circuitry is adapted to change the battery cell group configurations and the interconnections between the groups in response to changes in the load.
  • the circuitry is adapted to change the battery cell group configurations and the interconnections between groups of battery cells in response to user's commands which may be communicated by a user or a loading device.
  • a method of charging a battery has a plurality of battery cells and a switching unit for interconnecting one or more of said plurality of battery cells.
  • the method comprises the steps of: (a) maintaining charged battery cells as spare battery cells inside or outside the battery pack; (b) interconnecting a first plurality of battery cells to form a first battery cell group having a predetermine output voltage; (c) monitoring each battery cell and /or each of the plurality of battery cells in the first battery cell group to determine whether a battery cell of the first battery cell group is defective; (d) identifying a spare battery cell for use in place of the first battery cell if it is determined that the first battery cell is defective; (e) swapping the connections between the spare battery cell and the defective battery cell to replace the defective battery position with the spare battery; (f) optionally reporting about defective cell, number of left spare cells; and (g) energizing a load using the first battery cell group.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des circuits permettant d'appliquer au moins une tension électrique et une intensité à une charge. Les circuits susmentionnés peuvent se connecter à une pluralité de batteries. Ils sont conçus pour connecter les batteries à une charge. Ils comprennent (a) une pluralité de commutateurs conçus pour interconnecter les batteries et (b) un contrôleur commandant lesdits commutateurs. Le contrôleur est préprogrammé pour configurer les commutateurs de telle sorte que la charge soit soumise à une tension électrique conformément à un protocole prédéterminé.
PCT/IL2009/000426 2008-04-17 2009-04-19 Configuration dynamique des propriétés d'ensembles de batteries Ceased WO2009128082A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US4563008P 2008-04-17 2008-04-17
US61/045,630 2008-04-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009128082A1 true WO2009128082A1 (fr) 2009-10-22

Family

ID=41051114

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IL2009/000424 Ceased WO2009128080A1 (fr) 2008-04-17 2009-04-19 Procédé et dispositif de permettant de charger rapidement une batterie
PCT/IL2009/000426 Ceased WO2009128082A1 (fr) 2008-04-17 2009-04-19 Configuration dynamique des propriétés d'ensembles de batteries
PCT/IL2009/000423 Ceased WO2009128079A1 (fr) 2008-04-17 2009-04-19 Procédé et dispositif d'équilibrage des caractéristiques de marche d'éléments de batterie
PCT/IL2009/000425 Ceased WO2009128081A1 (fr) 2008-04-17 2009-04-19 Procédé et dispositif d'optimisation des caractéristiques de marche d'un ensemble batterie

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IL2009/000424 Ceased WO2009128080A1 (fr) 2008-04-17 2009-04-19 Procédé et dispositif de permettant de charger rapidement une batterie

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IL2009/000423 Ceased WO2009128079A1 (fr) 2008-04-17 2009-04-19 Procédé et dispositif d'équilibrage des caractéristiques de marche d'éléments de batterie
PCT/IL2009/000425 Ceased WO2009128081A1 (fr) 2008-04-17 2009-04-19 Procédé et dispositif d'optimisation des caractéristiques de marche d'un ensemble batterie

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (4) WO2009128080A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2575235A1 (fr) 2011-09-27 2013-04-03 Nilfisk-Advance A/S Système de contrôle de batterie
CN104319837A (zh) * 2014-10-17 2015-01-28 东风电动车辆股份有限公司 一种电动汽车的电池组结构和电池组充放电方法
US9855856B2 (en) 2016-01-28 2018-01-02 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Dynamic battery loading for electric vehicles
CN109995146A (zh) * 2017-12-29 2019-07-09 财团法人工业技术研究院 储能系统的控制方法
US10749430B2 (en) 2015-03-13 2020-08-18 Positec Power Tools (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. Power transmission apparatus and control method therefor, and power supply system

Families Citing this family (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009027835A1 (de) * 2009-07-20 2011-01-27 SB LiMotive Company Ltd., Suwon Hybrides Batteriesystem
JP5012962B2 (ja) * 2010-06-14 2012-08-29 トヨタ自動車株式会社 車両の電力制御装置
US20120025614A1 (en) * 2010-07-28 2012-02-02 Pasi Taimela Uninterruptible Power Supply Apparatus and Methods Using Reconfigurable Energy Storage Networks
JP5733648B2 (ja) 2010-12-28 2015-06-10 エルジー・ケム・リミテッド バッテリーシステム管理装置及び方法
ITGE20110101A1 (it) * 2011-09-08 2013-03-09 Franco Fiorini Metodo per la ricarica rapida delle batterie degli autoveicoli a trazione elettrica e sistema per l' alimentazione del motore di detti autoveicoli
DE102012204931A1 (de) * 2012-03-28 2013-10-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Batterie mit einer Mehrzahl von parallel geschalteten Batteriesträngen und Verfahren zum Betreiben der Batterie
US10119657B2 (en) 2012-06-19 2018-11-06 Shailendra Suman Propane tank continuous monitoring system
US9453611B2 (en) 2013-06-19 2016-09-27 Shailendra K Suman Propane tank continuous monitoring system
US10003062B2 (en) 2012-09-14 2018-06-19 Lenovo Enterprise Solutions (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Modular battery cover
US9553517B2 (en) 2013-03-01 2017-01-24 Fllexgen Power Systems, Inc. Hybrid energy storage system and methods
CN103236832B (zh) * 2013-05-06 2015-08-12 艾何示 逻辑时序控制电路及并联充电串联放电的控制电路
WO2015112584A1 (fr) * 2014-01-23 2015-07-30 Gogoro Inc. Systèmes et procédés pour utiliser un réseau de dispositifs de stockage de puissance, tels que des batteries
US9583792B2 (en) 2014-06-11 2017-02-28 Lenovo Enterprise Solutions (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Dynamically configurable auto-healing battery
US9438048B2 (en) 2014-06-20 2016-09-06 Lenovo Enterprise Solutions (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Modular battery cell architecture and control method
US10574055B2 (en) 2014-12-30 2020-02-25 Flexgen Power Systems, Inc. Transient power stabilization device with active and reactive power control
US9557387B2 (en) 2015-02-10 2017-01-31 Lenovo Enterprise Solutions (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Testing individual cells within multi-cell battery applications
US10148099B2 (en) 2015-07-01 2018-12-04 Carrier Corporation System and method for monitoring and controlling parallel batteries
US10424948B2 (en) 2015-07-01 2019-09-24 Carrier Corporation Receptacle for monitoring and controlling parallel batteries
US10259336B2 (en) 2016-10-18 2019-04-16 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Charging a battery using interpack switch
US10903665B2 (en) 2016-11-01 2021-01-26 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Usage data based battery charge or discharge time determination
US11656666B2 (en) 2016-11-16 2023-05-23 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Dynamic power source selection, charging, and discharging
US10488905B2 (en) 2016-11-16 2019-11-26 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Dynamic energy storage device discharging
US10416742B2 (en) 2017-02-17 2019-09-17 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Smart battery for ultrafast charging
US10725529B2 (en) 2017-06-26 2020-07-28 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Target based power management
WO2019010126A1 (fr) * 2017-07-05 2019-01-10 Vanderbilt University Système de batterie intelligent ayant une certaine modularité
KR102519757B1 (ko) * 2020-05-22 2023-04-07 민일홍 배터리 충전 시스템
CN112181885B (zh) * 2020-09-01 2022-11-18 宁畅信息产业(北京)有限公司 热插拔电路、主板及服务器系统
CN113438580A (zh) * 2021-06-30 2021-09-24 南昌勤胜电子科技有限公司 耳机充电仓及耳机设备

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3886426A (en) * 1973-03-16 1975-05-27 Eagle Picher Ind Inc Battery switching circuit
US5744936A (en) * 1993-01-29 1998-04-28 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electric power accumulating apparatus and electric power system
US20020113493A1 (en) * 2001-02-17 2002-08-22 Morrow Michael W. Digitally controlling the output voltage of a plurality of voltage sources
US20030071523A1 (en) * 2001-10-11 2003-04-17 Silverman Martin S. Digital battery
DE10202808A1 (de) * 2002-01-25 2003-09-11 Daimler Chrysler Ag Vorrichtung zur Strom- und Spannungsregelung von Hochleistungs-Sekundärbatterien
US20060092583A1 (en) * 2004-10-01 2006-05-04 Alahmad Mahmoud A Switch array and power management system for batteries and other energy storage elements

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5422558A (en) * 1993-05-05 1995-06-06 Astec International Ltd. Multicell battery power system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3886426A (en) * 1973-03-16 1975-05-27 Eagle Picher Ind Inc Battery switching circuit
US5744936A (en) * 1993-01-29 1998-04-28 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electric power accumulating apparatus and electric power system
US20020113493A1 (en) * 2001-02-17 2002-08-22 Morrow Michael W. Digitally controlling the output voltage of a plurality of voltage sources
US20030071523A1 (en) * 2001-10-11 2003-04-17 Silverman Martin S. Digital battery
DE10202808A1 (de) * 2002-01-25 2003-09-11 Daimler Chrysler Ag Vorrichtung zur Strom- und Spannungsregelung von Hochleistungs-Sekundärbatterien
US20060092583A1 (en) * 2004-10-01 2006-05-04 Alahmad Mahmoud A Switch array and power management system for batteries and other energy storage elements

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
LEMME H: "DER AKKU WIRD INTELLIGENT. SMBUS ERLEICHTERT DAS LEISTUNGSMANAGEMENT IN NOTEBOOKS", ELEKTRONIK, WEKA FACHZEITSCHRIFTENVERLAG, POING, DE, vol. 47, no. 6, 17 March 1998 (1998-03-17), pages 86 - 88,90, XP000780182, ISSN: 0013-5658 *

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2575235A1 (fr) 2011-09-27 2013-04-03 Nilfisk-Advance A/S Système de contrôle de batterie
WO2013044917A2 (fr) 2011-09-27 2013-04-04 Nilfisk-Advance A/S Système de régulation de batterie
WO2013044917A3 (fr) * 2011-09-27 2013-08-15 Nilfisk-Advance A/S Système de régulation de batterie
US9837823B2 (en) 2011-09-27 2017-12-05 Nilfisk A/S Battery control system
CN104319837A (zh) * 2014-10-17 2015-01-28 东风电动车辆股份有限公司 一种电动汽车的电池组结构和电池组充放电方法
US10749430B2 (en) 2015-03-13 2020-08-18 Positec Power Tools (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. Power transmission apparatus and control method therefor, and power supply system
US11601002B2 (en) 2015-03-13 2023-03-07 Positec Power Tools (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. Electrical energy transmission apparatus, method for controlling same, and power supply system
US9855856B2 (en) 2016-01-28 2018-01-02 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Dynamic battery loading for electric vehicles
CN109995146A (zh) * 2017-12-29 2019-07-09 财团法人工业技术研究院 储能系统的控制方法
CN109995146B (zh) * 2017-12-29 2021-12-28 财团法人工业技术研究院 储能系统的控制方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2009128081A1 (fr) 2009-10-22
WO2009128079A1 (fr) 2009-10-22
WO2009128080A1 (fr) 2009-10-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2009128082A1 (fr) Configuration dynamique des propriétés d'ensembles de batteries
TWI475239B (zh) 電池組老化測試系統及方法
CN102545291B (zh) 太阳能蓄电系统及太阳能供电系统
US6781343B1 (en) Hybrid power supply device
EP2523248B1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé de commande de batterie
CN101675555B (zh) 组电池及电池系统
EP4396921A1 (fr) Désactivation basée sur le mode d'un bus de communication d'un système de gestion de batterie
US7928691B2 (en) Method and system for cell equalization with isolated charging sources
US20130300370A1 (en) Battery pack and electric power consuming apparatus
US10608291B2 (en) Battery pack having a supplemental power supply
US20090267565A1 (en) Method and system for cell equalization with charging sources and shunt regulators
AU2019375385B2 (en) System for supplying electrical power to start vehicle engines
KR20000057966A (ko) 충전용 배터리 관리기 및 그 관리기에 의한 충전용 배터리관리 방법
CN106956602B (zh) 电池组和包括该电池组的电动车
JP2002078229A (ja) 二次電池充放電装置
JP5361529B2 (ja) リチウムイオン組電池用充電制御装置およびリチウムイオン組電池システム
US11114703B2 (en) Battery pack
JP5664310B2 (ja) 直流電源装置
EP4425639A1 (fr) Procédé et appareil de charge et de décharge de système de batterie, système de batterie et véhicule électrique
Landrum et al. Fast equalization for large lithium ion batteries
JP5582898B2 (ja) リチウムイオン組電池システム
JP2021515529A (ja) バッテリモジュールシステム及び方法
KR100815431B1 (ko) 하이브리드 전기자동차 배터리 셀의 균등 에너지 백업장치
KR102759864B1 (ko) 하이브리드 밸런싱하는 배터리 관리 시스템 및 및 이를 포함하는 배터리 팩 및 전기 차량
JP5626756B2 (ja) リチウムイオン組電池の管理方法および管理装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 09731963

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 09731963

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1