WO2009127761A1 - Device for the construction of recoverable walls and formwork - Google Patents
Device for the construction of recoverable walls and formwork Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009127761A1 WO2009127761A1 PCT/ES2009/000211 ES2009000211W WO2009127761A1 WO 2009127761 A1 WO2009127761 A1 WO 2009127761A1 ES 2009000211 W ES2009000211 W ES 2009000211W WO 2009127761 A1 WO2009127761 A1 WO 2009127761A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pieces
- formwork
- walls
- wall
- construction
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
- E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
- E04B2/08—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
- E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
- E04G11/062—Forms for curved walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
- E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/842—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ by projecting or otherwise applying hardenable masses to the exterior of a form leaf
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0215—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions
- E04B2002/0219—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions of pyramidal shape
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for the construction of formwork and recoverable partitions, especially for formwork walls by mortar projection.
- these forms are constructed with sheets or pieces of wood that are fixed on a back support structure, which requires the intervention of a formwork and the use of an important time.
- denominated lost formwork constituted by a wall of work, that is to say of bricks or blocks conveniently united by means of mortar. This wall that acts as a lost formwork, is finally integrated into the work.
- Said building block with a prismatic configuration, has appendages and tapered recesses for its stacked coupling on the upper and lower faces.
- a retaining wall for the retention of land is described, constituted by rows of masonry blocks that have a vertical recess or groove in their front face for the coupling of covering panels of a material selected from marble , granite, glass, tile or metal and marble, said covering panels making the covering of the masonry face of the blocks.
- Device for the construction of formwork and recoverable partitions presents constructive particularities oriented to allow the rapid and simple conformation of a removable formwork, simply by stacking or superimposing parts that have complementary coupling means, suitable to allow said overlapping, and its subsequent disassembly and reuse and that have characteristics especially indicated to facilitate the fastening of the projected cement on the front surface of the formwork and allow the subsequent disassembly of the formwork by a simple folding movement of said pieces, a Once the cement has set.
- Another of the purposes of this device is to allow the comfortable arrangement of reinforcement rods or various tubes on the front surface of the formwork, which will serve as a containment to the work done by means of projected mortar.
- this device comprises prismatic pieces, formed in a non-porous material and of the type they have: side walls, front and rear front walls, an upper wall provided with at least one protruding appendix and, at less a lower mouth that conforms with the corresponding protruding appendix complementary coupling means for stacking or stable overlapping of the successive pieces in the formwork conformation.
- the protruding appendages and / or the mouths defined in the upper and lower ends have a suitable configuration to allow the formwork to be disassembled by means of a lateral folding or oblique movement of the successive pieces of the formwork with respect to the immediate lower parts, which allows the subsequent reuse of said parts for the conformation of a new formwork.
- the pieces comprise in at least one of the front walls a plurality of reliefs a plurality of reliefs, of decreasing section, for the grip and lift of the mortar projected on the front surface of the formwork during the construction of the wall.
- the reliefs of the front wall of the pieces are constituted by prominent prominences, defined in the piece itself and which have a decreasing section in the direction of their free end to allow by lateral folding or oblique displacement of the pieces. Removal of parts and the recovery of formwork • once set the conformant mortar wall.
- the mentioned outstanding reliefs defined in at least one of the front walls of the pieces, also comprise means for the stable support of reinforcement rods or any other conduction that is desired to be embedded in the work.
- said protruding reliefs are defined in false pieces that have on their back faces fittings for coupling in complementary fittings defined in the front face of the pieces.
- said parts are shaped in a non-porous material, for example polypropylene, to prevent the mortar from gripping on said pieces and consequently that the pieces of the formwork can be subsequently disassembled.
- the reliefs of the front wall are constituted by recesses defined in the piece itself and which have a decreasing section towards its bottom to allow the dismantling of said parts and the recovery of the formwork by means of lateral folding or displacement.
- the pieces have on the two front walls, anterior and posterior, outstanding appendages, preferably of different configuration, allowing the use of any of said walls as the front surface of the formwork, depending on the engraving that is desired to obtain on the surface of the work and also, although not preferably, the use of said pieces for the gripping of the projected cement on both sides in case of using the pieces in the construction of lost formwork.
- these pieces Given the constitution of the pieces and their construction in a light, non-porous surface material, these pieces also allow their use in the construction of removable partitions for the separation of spaces in exhibitions or events of limited duration, since the lateral reliefs, outstanding or deep, they provide a decorative effect.
- said pieces have at least one hole calibrated in their closing wall for the tight assembly of rods responsible for simultaneously carrying out the fastening of several pieces in the position of mounting.
- the front walls of the pieces have a curvature in the horizontal direction for the conformation of curved recoverable formwork that allows to significantly accelerate the construction in situ, with projected cement, of collectors, deposits and other similar constructions, in which currently large prefabricated parts are used whose transport and installation It is especially complex and expensive.
- These pieces present the oblique side walls at an angle other than 90 ° with respect to said curved front wall, which forms the formwork surface, allowing the subsequent disassembly and recovery of the pieces.
- Figure 3 shows a profile view of a recoverable formwork formed by stacking or overlapping the parts shown in Figures 1 and 2.
- FIG. 4 shows the use of the formwork of the previous figure in the construction of a wall with reinforcement rods and cement projected on the front surface of the formwork.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows the disassembly of the formwork parts once the wall has been constructed and set.
- FIG. 6 shows a variant embodiment of the piece of the previous figures, presenting in one of the front walls some fittings for the assembly of a carrier bearing the protruding reliefs.
- FIG. 7 shows a front elevation view of the insert of Figure 6, and in which the reliefs can be observed, in negative, defined therein.
- Figure 8 shows a variant embodiment of the piece shown in Figure 1 and 2, showing prominences of different shapes on the opposite front walls.
- FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of a piece of the device that presents in its closing wall some holes calibrated for linking with other similar parts by means of locking rods.
- FIG. 10 shows a top front perspective of a variant embodiment of the piece, in which the reliefs of the front face are formed by a plurality of recesses of decreasing section defined in the piece itself.
- FIG. 11 shows a bottom rear perspective view of the part of Figure 10.
- FIG. 12 shows a top plan view of a variant embodiment of the curved front wall piece.
- FIG. 13 shows a partial plan view of a curved recoverable formwork formed with the pieces of Figure 12.
- one of the blocks (1a) of the formwork forming device can be seen, said part (1a) being molded in a non-porous and resistant material, in this case polypropylene.
- the part (1a) of general prismatic configuration, has front walls (11), side walls (12), a closing wall (13) and lower mouths (15) that make up, together with the appendices (14) defined in the upper surface (13), complementary coupling means for stacking or stable overlapping of the successive pieces (1a) and the conformation of a Recoverable formwork, as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
- the piece (1a) has on one of the front walls reliefs (16) constituted by protruding prominences for fastening on the corresponding wall of the formwork of reinforcement rods or various conduits (32) that it is desired to embed in the work (3 ) defined, for example, by projected mortar, and the fastening of said projected mortar, as can be seen in the example of Figure 4.
- the mentioned prominences define on the surface of the work of the pieces (1a) some reliefs or gaps (31) between which the rods or tubes (32) are embedded.
- Both the appendices (14) and the prominences (16) have a suitable configuration to allow the formwork to be disassembled, as shown in Figure 5, by means of the folding or oblique displacement of the successive pieces (1a) with respect to the immediate parts lower formwork, and the subsequent reuse of said parts (1a).
- FIG. 6 and 7 a variant embodiment is shown represented by a piece (1b) that additionally presents in the front wall opposite to the carrier of the prominences (16) some lace (17), for the assembly of false pieces ( 2) replaceable parts that have complementary fittings (21) on their back face for coupling to the fittings (17) of the piece (1b) and, on its front face, reliefs (22).
- Figure 8 shows a variant embodiment of the pieces (1a and 1b) described above, represented by a piece (1c) that has the peculiarity of having prominences (16, 18) on the two opposite front walls (11). which in this specific case are of different forms.
- This piece (1c) can be used to form a removable formwork, as shown in Figure 3, choosing either of the two front walls as an element of containment of the work, or be used for the conformation of lost formwork, performing the work for example by means of the mortar projection on the two front faces of the formwork, so that the pieces (1c) are embedded in it.
- the appendices (14) and the prominences (16, 18) can have different configurations as long as they allow the formwork to be disassembled, as shown in Figure 5, and said formwork has not been used as a lost formwork.
- the part (1a) has upper holes (19) calibrated to facilitate its grip during the formwork disassembly operation, and allow the mounting of some fastening rods responsible for joining several pieces .
- a piece (1d) of the device is shown, in which the reliefs of the front wall are constituted by a plurality of recesses (23) of decreasing section towards its interior, whose purpose is to perform the cement clamping projected on the formwork formed by these pieces.
- a piece (1e) is shown whose peculiarity consists in presenting a curvature in the front (11), anterior and posterior walls and the oblique arrangement of the side walls (12), said piece being ( 1e) applicable in the construction of curved formwork.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
DISPOSITIVO PARA LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE ENCOFRADOS Y TABIQUES RECUPERABLES.DEVICE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RECYCLING BOXES AND TABIQUES.
Objeto de Ia invenciónObject of the invention
La presente invención se refiere a un dispositivo para Ia construcción de encofrados y tabiques recuperables, en especial para encofrados de muros por proyección de mortero.The present invention relates to a device for the construction of formwork and recoverable partitions, especially for formwork walls by mortar projection.
Antecedentes de Ia invención.Background of the invention.
Actualmente es conocida Ia construcción de paramentos o superficies mediante mortero proyectado, siendo ejemplos típicos las piscinas y los taludes. Esta técnica permite una aplicación rápida del mortero proyectado; sin embargo, cuando se utiliza en Ia construcción de paredes, requiere Ia construcción previa de un encofrado que defina Ia superficie contra Ia que será proyectado el mortero.Currently, the construction of walls or surfaces by means of projected mortar is known, typical examples being swimming pools and slopes. This technique allows a rapid application of the projected mortar; However, when it is used in the construction of walls, it requires the previous construction of a formwork that defines the surface against which the mortar will be projected.
Generalmente estos encofrados se construyen con planchas o piezas de madera que se van fijando sobre una estructura posterior de soporte, Io que requiere Ia intervención de un encofrador y el empleo de un tiempo importante.Generally, these forms are constructed with sheets or pieces of wood that are fixed on a back support structure, which requires the intervention of a formwork and the use of an important time.
En caso de que se desee realizar un armado de Ia pared, por ejemplo con varilla corrugada, Ia sujeción de las mencionadas varillas supone un inconveniente adicional, optándose con frecuencia Ia construcción de un encofrado doble, es decir, por las dos caras de Ia pared a construir, y al posicionado del armado en el hueco interior del encofrado, antes de realizar el vertido del hormigón.In case it is desired to make a wall assembly, for example with corrugated rod, the fastening of said rods is an additional inconvenience, the construction of a double formwork being frequently chosen, that is, by the two sides of the wall to be built, and when positioning the assembly in the internal hollow of the formwork, before pouring the concrete.
El desmontaje del encofrado, una vez proyectado y fraguado el mortero, supone con frecuencia Ia rotura o deterioro de las piezas de madera, Io que impide su posterior utilización y conlleva un coste añadido.The disassembly of the formwork, once the mortar has been projected and set, often involves breaking or deteriorating the pieces of wood, which prevents their subsequent use and entails an added cost.
En algunas construcciones también es habitual Ia utilización de los denominados encofrados perdidos constituidos por una pared de obra, es decir de ladrillos o bloques convenientemente unidos mediante mortero. Esta pared que actúa como encofrado perdido, finalmente queda integrada en Ia obra.In some constructions the use of denominated lost formwork constituted by a wall of work, that is to say of bricks or blocks conveniently united by means of mortar. This wall that acts as a lost formwork, is finally integrated into the work.
De otra parte cabe mencionar que actualmente son conocidas diferentes piezas o bloques constructivos destinados a Ia construcción de muros y provistos superior e inferiormente de unos salientes y rebajes complementarios para su acoplamiento estable en una posición de apilado, y que presentan unas características adecuadas para su utilización como elementos estructurales,On the other hand, it is worth mentioning that different construction pieces or blocks are currently known for the construction of walls and are provided superiorly and inferiorly with complementary projections and recesses for their stable coupling in a stacking position, and that they have suitable characteristics for use. as structural elements,
En Ia patente US 4297816 se describe un bloque constructivo ¡nterconectable de material térmicamente aislante, de alta resistencia estructuralIn US Patent 4297816 a non-connectable building block of thermally insulating material of high structural resistance is described
, aspecto decorativo y que puede ser fabricado fácil y económicamente. Dicho bloque constructivo, de configuración prismática presenta en las caras superior e inferior unos apéndices y rebajes cónicos para su acoplamiento apilado., decorative appearance and that can be manufactured easily and economically. Said building block, with a prismatic configuration, has appendages and tapered recesses for its stacked coupling on the upper and lower faces.
En Ia patente US5402609 se describe un bloque de construcción de hormigón, también apilable por encaje, y en el que se encuentran fijados o empotrados unos miembros de anclaje para su fijación permanente en Ia obra.In the US5402609 patent a concrete construction block is described, also stackable by fitting, and in which anchoring members are fixed or embedded for permanent fixation in the work.
En Ia patente US 5647185 se describe un bloque estructural generalmente rectangular que tiene un parte superior y una cara inferior, provisto de una prominencia centrada de altura uniforme sobre Ia cara superior y unas ranuras de profundidad uniforme que se interceptan en su cara inferior permitiendo el acoplamiento apilado de los bloques en dirección longitudinal o en dirección transversal, especialmente en Ia formación de ángulos o esquinas.In US Patent 5647185 a generally rectangular structural block is described having an upper part and a lower face, provided with a centered prominence of uniform height on the upper face and grooves of uniform depth that are intercepted on its lower face allowing coupling stacking of the blocks in the longitudinal direction or in the transverse direction, especially in the formation of angles or corners.
En Ia patente US 5788423 se describe un muro de contención para Ia retención de tierra, constituido por unas filas de bloques de mampostería que presentan en su cara frontal un rebaje o ranura vertical para el acoplamiento de unos paneles de recubrimiento de un material seleccionado entre mármol, granito, vidrio, teja o metal y mármol, realizando dichos paneles de recubrimiento Ia cubrición de Ia cara mampostería de los bloques.In the US patent 5788423 a retaining wall for the retention of land is described, constituted by rows of masonry blocks that have a vertical recess or groove in their front face for the coupling of covering panels of a material selected from marble , granite, glass, tile or metal and marble, said covering panels making the covering of the masonry face of the blocks.
Los antecedentes citados no presentan unas características especificas para su aplicación en Ia construcción de encofrados recuperables en construcciones realizadas mediante cemento proyectado, ya que en el caso de los bloques de hormigón o terracota el cemento proyectado sobre los mismos se fijaría firmemente a Ia superficie de los bloques impidiendo el posterior desmontaje de del encofrado y en el caso del bloque descrito en el patente US 4297816 el cemento proyectado no se sostendría sobre Ia superficie lateral de los bloques.The aforementioned background does not have specific characteristics for its application in the construction of recoverable formwork in constructions made by projected cement, since in the case of concrete or terracotta blocks the cement projected on them would be firmly fixed to the surface of the blocks preventing the subsequent disassembly of the formwork and in the case of the block described in the patent US 4297816 the projected cement would not be supported on the lateral surface of the blocks.
Los bloques descritos en los antecedentes citados, de paredes frontales lisas tampoco presentan unas características adecuadas para permitir Ia fijación de forma rápida y sencilla de varillas de armadura para Ia obra a construir mediante Ia proyección de cemento.The blocks described in the aforementioned background, with smooth front walls, also do not have adequate characteristics to allow the quick and easy fixing of reinforcement rods for the work to be constructed by cement projection.
Descripción de Ia invenciónDescription of the invention
Dispositivo para Ia construcción de encofrados y tabiques recuperables, objeto de Ia presente invención, presenta unas particularidades constructivas orientadas a permitir Ia conformación rápida y sencilla de un encofrado desmontable, simplemente mediante el apilado o superposición de unas piezas que presentan unos medios complementarios de acoplamiento, adecuados para permitir dicha superposición, y su posterior desmontaje y reutilización y que presentan unas características especialmente indicadas para facilitar Ia sujeción del cemento proyectado sobre Ia superficie frontal del encofrado y permitir el posterior desmontaje del encofrado mediante un simple movimiento de abatimiento de dichas piezas, una vez fraguado el cemento.Device for the construction of formwork and recoverable partitions, object of the present invention, presents constructive particularities oriented to allow the rapid and simple conformation of a removable formwork, simply by stacking or superimposing parts that have complementary coupling means, suitable to allow said overlapping, and its subsequent disassembly and reuse and that have characteristics especially indicated to facilitate the fastening of the projected cement on the front surface of the formwork and allow the subsequent disassembly of the formwork by a simple folding movement of said pieces, a Once the cement has set.
Otra de las finalidades de este dispositivo es permitir Ia disposición de forma cómoda de varillas de armado o tubos diversos sobre Ia superficie frontal del encofrado, que servirá de contención a Ia obra realizada mediante mortero proyectado.Another of the purposes of this device is to allow the comfortable arrangement of reinforcement rods or various tubes on the front surface of the formwork, which will serve as a containment to the work done by means of projected mortar.
De acuerdo con Ia invención este dispositivo comprende unas piezas prismáticas, conformadas en un material no poroso y del tipo de las que presentan: unas paredes laterales, unas paredes frontales anterior y posterior, una pared superior provista de al menos un apéndice sobresaliente y, al menos una boca inferior que conforma con el correspondiente apéndice sobresaliente unos medios complementarios de acoplamiento para el apilado o superposición estable de las sucesivas piezas en Ia conformación del encofrado.In accordance with the invention, this device comprises prismatic pieces, formed in a non-porous material and of the type they have: side walls, front and rear front walls, an upper wall provided with at least one protruding appendix and, at less a lower mouth that conforms with the corresponding protruding appendix complementary coupling means for stacking or stable overlapping of the successive pieces in the formwork conformation.
Los apéndices sobresalientes y/o las bocas definidas en los extremos superior e inferior presentan una configuración apta para permitir el desmontaje del encofrado mediante un abatimiento lateral o desplazamiento oblicuo de las sucesivas piezas del encofrado respecto a las piezas inmediatas inferiores, Io que permite Ia posterior reutilización de dichas piezas para Ia conformación de un nuevo encofrado. De acuerdo con Ia invención, las piezas comprenden en al menos una de las paredes frontales una pluralidad de relieves una pluralidad de relieves, de sección decreciente, para el agarre y sustentación del mortero proyectado sobre superficie frontal del encofrado durante Ia construcción del muro. En una realización de Ia invención los relieves de Ia pared frontal de las piezas están constituidos por unas prominencias sobresalientes, definidos en Ia propia pieza y que presentan en dirección a su extremo libre una sección decreciente para permitir mediante abatimiento lateral o desplazamiento oblicuo de las piezas el desmontaje de las piezas y Ia recuperación del • encofrado una vez fraguado el mortero conformante del muro. Las prominencias frontales definidas en Ia propia pieza y que presentan en dirección a su extremo libre una sección decreciente para permitir su extracción del alojamiento definido en Ia obra, mediante el mismo abatimiento lateral o desplazamiento oblicuo que permite el desmontaje o liberación de las sucesivas piezas del encofrado mediante abatimiento lateral o desplazamiento oblicuo respecto a las piezas inmediatas inferiores sobre las que se encuentran apoyadas.The protruding appendages and / or the mouths defined in the upper and lower ends have a suitable configuration to allow the formwork to be disassembled by means of a lateral folding or oblique movement of the successive pieces of the formwork with respect to the immediate lower parts, which allows the subsequent reuse of said parts for the conformation of a new formwork. According to the invention, the pieces comprise in at least one of the front walls a plurality of reliefs a plurality of reliefs, of decreasing section, for the grip and lift of the mortar projected on the front surface of the formwork during the construction of the wall. In an embodiment of the invention, the reliefs of the front wall of the pieces are constituted by prominent prominences, defined in the piece itself and which have a decreasing section in the direction of their free end to allow by lateral folding or oblique displacement of the pieces. removal of parts and the recovery of formwork • once set the conformant mortar wall. The frontal prominences defined in the piece itself and presenting a decreasing section in the direction of its free end to allow its removal from the housing defined in the work, by the same lateral folding or oblique displacement that allows the disassembly or release of the successive pieces of the formwork by lateral folding or oblique displacement with respect to the immediate lower parts on which they are supported.
Los mencionados relieves sobresalientes, definidos en al menos una de las paredes frontales de las piezas, conforman además unos medios para el apoyo estable de varillas de armado o cualquier otra conducción que se desee empotrar en Ia obra. En una realización de Ia invención, los mencionados relieves sobresalientes están definidos en unas piezas postizas que presentan en su cara posterior unos encajes para su acoplamiento en unos encajes complementarios definidos en Ia cara frontal de las piezas Tal como se ha mencionado anteriormente dichas piezas están conformadas en un material no poroso, por ejemplo polipropileno, para impedir que el mortero agarre sobre dichas piezas y consiguientemente que las piezas del encofrado puedan ser desmontadas posteriormente.The mentioned outstanding reliefs, defined in at least one of the front walls of the pieces, also comprise means for the stable support of reinforcement rods or any other conduction that is desired to be embedded in the work. In an embodiment of the invention, said protruding reliefs are defined in false pieces that have on their back faces fittings for coupling in complementary fittings defined in the front face of the pieces As previously mentioned said parts are shaped in a non-porous material, for example polypropylene, to prevent the mortar from gripping on said pieces and consequently that the pieces of the formwork can be subsequently disassembled.
En una variante de realización los relieves de Ia pared frontal están constituidos por unos rebajes definidos en Ia propia pieza y que presentan en dirección a su fondo una sección decreciente para permitir mediante abatimiento lateral o desplazamiento el desmontaje de dichas piezas y Ia recuperación del encofrado una vez fraguado el mortero conformante del muro.In a variant embodiment, the reliefs of the front wall are constituted by recesses defined in the piece itself and which have a decreasing section towards its bottom to allow the dismantling of said parts and the recovery of the formwork by means of lateral folding or displacement. Once the wall forming mortar has set.
En una realización de Ia invención las piezas presentan en las dos paredes frontales, anterior y posterior, unos apéndices sobresalientes, preferentemente de diferente configuración, permitiendo Ia utilización de cualquiera de dichas paredes como superficie frontal del encofrado, en función del grabado que se desee obtener en Ia superficie de Ia obra y también, aunque no de forma preferente, Ia utilización de dichas piezas para el agarre del cemento proyectado sobre las dos caras en caso de utilizar las piezas en Ia construcción de encofrados perdidos.In an embodiment of the invention, the pieces have on the two front walls, anterior and posterior, outstanding appendages, preferably of different configuration, allowing the use of any of said walls as the front surface of the formwork, depending on the engraving that is desired to obtain on the surface of the work and also, although not preferably, the use of said pieces for the gripping of the projected cement on both sides in case of using the pieces in the construction of lost formwork.
Dada Ia constitución de las piezas y su construcción en un material ligero, de superficie no porosa, dichas piezas también permiten su utilización en Ia construcción de tabiques desmontables para Ia separación de espacios en exposiciones o eventos de duración limitada, ya que los relieves laterales, sobresalientes o adentrados, les proporcionan un efecto decorativo.Given the constitution of the pieces and their construction in a light, non-porous surface material, these pieces also allow their use in the construction of removable partitions for the separation of spaces in exhibitions or events of limited duration, since the lateral reliefs, outstanding or deep, they provide a decorative effect.
Para las aplicaciones descritas y con el fin de estabilizar las piezas en Ia posición de montaje dichas piezas presenta en su pared de cierre al menos un orificio calibrado para el montaje ajustado de unas varillas encargadas de realizar simultáneamente Ia sujeción de varias piezas en Ia posición de montaje. En una realización de Ia invención las paredes frontales de las piezas presentan una curvatura en dirección horizontal para Ia conformación de encofrados recuperables curvos Io que permite agilizar notablemente Ia construcción in situ, con cemento proyectado, de colectores, depósitos y otras construcciones similares, en las que actualmente se utilizan piezas prefabricadas de grandes dimensiones cuyo transporte e instalación resulta especialmente complejo y costoso. Estas piezas presentan las paredes laterales oblicuas en un ángulo distinto a 90° respecto a dicha pared frontal curva, que forma Ia superficie de encofrado, permitiendo el posterior desmontado y recuperación de las piezasFor the applications described and in order to stabilize the pieces in the assembly position, said pieces have at least one hole calibrated in their closing wall for the tight assembly of rods responsible for simultaneously carrying out the fastening of several pieces in the position of mounting. In an embodiment of the invention the front walls of the pieces have a curvature in the horizontal direction for the conformation of curved recoverable formwork that allows to significantly accelerate the construction in situ, with projected cement, of collectors, deposits and other similar constructions, in which currently large prefabricated parts are used whose transport and installation It is especially complex and expensive. These pieces present the oblique side walls at an angle other than 90 ° with respect to said curved front wall, which forms the formwork surface, allowing the subsequent disassembly and recovery of the pieces.
Descripción de las figuras.Description of the figures.
Para complementar Ia descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de facilitar Ia comprensión de las características de Ia invención, se acompaña a Ia presente memoria descriptiva un juego de dibujos en los que, con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado Io siguiente: - Las figuras 1 y 2 muestran sendas vistas en perspectiva superior y perspectiva inferior de un ejemplo de realización de una de las piezas conformantes del dispositivo objeto de Ia invención, pudiendo observarse en dichas figuras los medios complementarios de acoplamiento superior e inferior y los relieves sobresalientes definidos en una de las paredes frontales de Ia pieza para el agarre y sujeción de cemento proyectado.To complement the description that is being made and in order to facilitate the understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached to the present specification in which, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented: - Figures 1 and 2 show paths in upper perspective and lower perspective of an example of embodiment of one of the forming parts of the device object of the invention, being able to observe in said figures the complementary means of upper and lower coupling and protruding reliefs defined in one of the front walls of the piece for the grip and support of projected cement.
- La figura 3 muestra una vista de perfil de un encofrado recuperable conformado mediante el apilamiento o superposición de las piezas representadas en las figuras 1 y 2.- Figure 3 shows a profile view of a recoverable formwork formed by stacking or overlapping the parts shown in Figures 1 and 2.
- La figura 4 muestra Ia utilización del encofrado de Ia figura anterior en Ia construcción de una pared con varillas de armado y cemento proyectado sobre Ia superficie frontal del encofrado.- Figure 4 shows the use of the formwork of the previous figure in the construction of a wall with reinforcement rods and cement projected on the front surface of the formwork.
- La figura 5 muestra esquemáticamente el desmontaje de las piezas del encofrado una vez construida y fraguada Ia pared.- Figure 5 schematically shows the disassembly of the formwork parts once the wall has been constructed and set.
- La figura 6 muestra una variante de realización de Ia pieza de las figuras anteriores, presentando en una de las paredes frontales unos encajes para el montaje de un postizo portador de los relieves sobresalientes. - La figura 7 muestra una vista en alzado frontal del postizo de Ia figura 6, y en Ia que se pueden observar los relieves, en negativo, definidos en Ia misma.- Figure 6 shows a variant embodiment of the piece of the previous figures, presenting in one of the front walls some fittings for the assembly of a carrier bearing the protruding reliefs. - Figure 7 shows a front elevation view of the insert of Figure 6, and in which the reliefs can be observed, in negative, defined therein.
- La figura 8 muestra una variante de realización de Ia pieza mostrada en Ia figura 1 y 2, presentando unas prominencias de diferentes formas en las paredes frontales opuestas.- Figure 8 shows a variant embodiment of the piece shown in Figure 1 and 2, showing prominences of different shapes on the opposite front walls.
- La figura 9 muestra una vista en perspectiva de una pieza del dispositivo que presenta en su pared de cierre unos orificios calibrados para su vinculación con otras piezas análogas mediante varillas de bloqueo. - La figura 10 muestra una perspectiva frontal superior de una variante de realización de Ia pieza, en Ia que los relieves de Ia cara frontal están conformados por una pluralidad de rebajes de sección decreciente definidos en Ia propia pieza.- Figure 9 shows a perspective view of a piece of the device that presents in its closing wall some holes calibrated for linking with other similar parts by means of locking rods. - Figure 10 shows a top front perspective of a variant embodiment of the piece, in which the reliefs of the front face are formed by a plurality of recesses of decreasing section defined in the piece itself.
- La figura 11 muestra una vista en perspectiva posterior inferior de Ia pieza de Ia figura 10.- Figure 11 shows a bottom rear perspective view of the part of Figure 10.
- La figura 12 muestra una vista en planta superior de una variante de realización de Ia pieza de paredes frontales curvas.- Figure 12 shows a top plan view of a variant embodiment of the curved front wall piece.
- La figura 13 muestra una vista parcial en planta de un encofrado recuperable curvo conformado con las piezas de Ia figura 12.- Figure 13 shows a partial plan view of a curved recoverable formwork formed with the pieces of Figure 12.
Realización preferente de Ia invenciónPreferred embodiment of the invention
En el ejemplo de realización mostrado en las figuras 1 a 5 se puede observar uno de los bloques (1a) del dispositivo para conformación de encofrados, estando moldeada dicha pieza (1a) en un material no poroso y resistente, en este caso polipropileno.In the example of embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 5, one of the blocks (1a) of the formwork forming device can be seen, said part (1a) being molded in a non-porous and resistant material, in this case polypropylene.
En este ejemplo de realización Ia pieza (1a), de configuración general prismática, presenta unas paredes frontales (11), unas paredes laterales (12), una pared de cierre (13) de cierre y unas bocas inferiores (15) que conforman, conjuntamente con los apéndices (14) definidos en Ia superficie superior (13), unos medios complementarios de acoplamiento para el apilado o superposición estable de las sucesivas piezas (1a) y Ia conformación de un encofrado recuperable, tal como se muestra en las figuras 3 y 4.In this exemplary embodiment, the part (1a), of general prismatic configuration, has front walls (11), side walls (12), a closing wall (13) and lower mouths (15) that make up, together with the appendices (14) defined in the upper surface (13), complementary coupling means for stacking or stable overlapping of the successive pieces (1a) and the conformation of a Recoverable formwork, as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
La pieza (1a) presenta en una de las paredes frontales unos relieves (16) constituidos por unas prominencias sobresalientes para Ia sujeción sobre Ia pared correspondiente del encofrado de varillas de armado o conducciones diversas (32) que se desee empotrar en Ia obra (3) definida, por ejemplo, mediante mortero proyectado, y Ia sujeción de dicho mortero proyectado, tal como se puede observar en el ejemplo de Ia figura 4.The piece (1a) has on one of the front walls reliefs (16) constituted by protruding prominences for fastening on the corresponding wall of the formwork of reinforcement rods or various conduits (32) that it is desired to embed in the work (3 ) defined, for example, by projected mortar, and the fastening of said projected mortar, as can be seen in the example of Figure 4.
Las mencionadas prominencias definen en Ia superficie de Ia obra de las piezas (1a) unos relieves o huecos (31) entre los que quedan embebidas las varillas o tubos (32).The mentioned prominences define on the surface of the work of the pieces (1a) some reliefs or gaps (31) between which the rods or tubes (32) are embedded.
Tanto los apéndices (14) como las prominencias (16) presentan una configuración adecuada para permitir el desmontaje del encofrado, tal como se muestra en Ia figura 5, mediante el abatimiento o desplazamiento oblicuo de las sucesivas piezas (1a) respecto a las piezas inmediatas inferiores del encofrado, y Ia posterior reutilización de dichas piezas (1a).Both the appendices (14) and the prominences (16) have a suitable configuration to allow the formwork to be disassembled, as shown in Figure 5, by means of the folding or oblique displacement of the successive pieces (1a) with respect to the immediate parts lower formwork, and the subsequent reuse of said parts (1a).
En las figuras 6 y 7 se muestra una variante de realización representada por una pieza (1b) que presenta adicionalmente en Ia pared frontal opuesta a Ia portadora de las prominencias (16) unos encajes (17), para el montaje de unas piezas postizas (2) recambiables que presentan en su cara posterior unos encajes complementarios (21) para su acoplamiento en los encajes (17) de Ia pieza (1b) y, en su cara anterior, unos relieves (22). En Ia figura 8 se muestra una variante de realización las piezas (1a y 1b) descritas anteriormente, representada por una pieza (1c) que presenta Ia particularidad de disponer en las dos paredes frontales opuestas (11) de unas prominencias (16, 18) que en este caso concreto son de formas diferentes.In figures 6 and 7 a variant embodiment is shown represented by a piece (1b) that additionally presents in the front wall opposite to the carrier of the prominences (16) some lace (17), for the assembly of false pieces ( 2) replaceable parts that have complementary fittings (21) on their back face for coupling to the fittings (17) of the piece (1b) and, on its front face, reliefs (22). Figure 8 shows a variant embodiment of the pieces (1a and 1b) described above, represented by a piece (1c) that has the peculiarity of having prominences (16, 18) on the two opposite front walls (11). which in this specific case are of different forms.
Esta pieza (1c) puede ser utilizada para conformar un encofrado desmontable , como el representado en Ia figura 3, eligiendo cualquiera de las dos paredes frontales como elemento de contención de Ia obra, o ser utilizada para Ia conformación de encofrados perdidos, realizando Ia obra por ejemplo mediante Ia proyección de mortero sobre las dos caras frontales del encofrado, de forma que las piezas (1c) queden embebidas en el mismo. Cabe destacar que los apéndices (14) y las prominencias (16, 18) pueden presentar diferentes configuraciones siempre y cuando permitan realizar el desmontaje del encofrado, tal como se muestra en Ia figura 5, y dicho encofrado no se haya utilizado como encofrado perdido. En el ejemplo de realización mostrado en Ia figura 9, Ia pieza (1a) presenta superiormente unos orificios (19) calibrados para facilitar su agarre durante Ia operación de desmontaje del encofrado, y permitir el montaje de unas varillas de sujeción encargadas de unir varias piezas .This piece (1c) can be used to form a removable formwork, as shown in Figure 3, choosing either of the two front walls as an element of containment of the work, or be used for the conformation of lost formwork, performing the work for example by means of the mortar projection on the two front faces of the formwork, so that the pieces (1c) are embedded in it. It should be noted that the appendices (14) and the prominences (16, 18) can have different configurations as long as they allow the formwork to be disassembled, as shown in Figure 5, and said formwork has not been used as a lost formwork. In the example of embodiment shown in Figure 9, the part (1a) has upper holes (19) calibrated to facilitate its grip during the formwork disassembly operation, and allow the mounting of some fastening rods responsible for joining several pieces .
En las figuras 10 y 11 se muestra una pieza (1d) del dispositivo, en Ia que los relieves de Ia pared frontal están constituidos por una pluralidad de rebajes (23) de sección decreciente hacia su interior, cuya finalidad es realizar Ia sujeción del cemento proyectado sobre el encofrado conformado por dichas piezas.In figures 10 and 11 a piece (1d) of the device is shown, in which the reliefs of the front wall are constituted by a plurality of recesses (23) of decreasing section towards its interior, whose purpose is to perform the cement clamping projected on the formwork formed by these pieces.
Finalmente, en las figuras 12 y 13, se muestra una pieza (1e) cuya particularidad consiste en presentar una curvatura en las paredes frontales (11), anterior y posterior y Ia disposición oblicua de las paredes laterales (12), siendo dicha pieza (1e) aplicable en Ia construcción de encofrados curvos.Finally, in figures 12 and 13, a piece (1e) is shown whose peculiarity consists in presenting a curvature in the front (11), anterior and posterior walls and the oblique arrangement of the side walls (12), said piece being ( 1e) applicable in the construction of curved formwork.
Una vez descrita suficientemente Ia naturaleza de Ia invención, así como un ejemplo de realización preferente, se hace constar a los efectos oportunos que los materiales, forma, tamaño y disposición de los elementos descritos podrán ser modificados, siempre y cuando ello no suponga una alteración de las características esenciales de Ia invención que se reivindican a continuación. Once the nature of the invention has been sufficiently described, as well as an example of a preferred embodiment, it is stated for the appropriate purposes that the materials, shape, size and arrangement of the described elements may be modified, provided that this does not imply an alteration of the essential characteristics of the invention that are claimed below.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ESP200801118 | 2008-04-18 | ||
| ES200801118A ES2304329B1 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2008-04-18 | DEVICE FOR THE CONFORMATION OF FORMWORK. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009127761A1 true WO2009127761A1 (en) | 2009-10-22 |
Family
ID=39758563
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES2009/000211 Ceased WO2009127761A1 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2009-04-20 | Device for the construction of recoverable walls and formwork |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2304329B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009127761A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2246498A3 (en) * | 2009-04-29 | 2012-08-01 | ARP Plastics Limited | Blocks |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE528025A (en) * | ||||
| US3440788A (en) * | 1965-06-11 | 1969-04-29 | Arthur B Merget | Building blocks with a shell containing a filler and having projections and depressions connected by tubes |
| US4341050A (en) * | 1979-03-23 | 1982-07-27 | Long Leonard L | Construction module |
| US5402609A (en) * | 1992-08-13 | 1995-04-04 | Kelley, Jr.; Michael L. | Concrete building block system |
| US5788423A (en) * | 1995-09-08 | 1998-08-04 | G.P. Industries, Inc. | Masonry block retaining wall with attached keylock facing panels and method of constructing the same |
| US20040065505A1 (en) * | 2002-07-04 | 2004-04-08 | Peter Weinhold | Muffler |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4297816A (en) * | 1979-07-12 | 1981-11-03 | George Kella | Interlocking construction block |
| US5647185A (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1997-07-15 | Forlini; Emidio J. | Structural blocks and assemblies thereof |
-
2008
- 2008-04-18 ES ES200801118A patent/ES2304329B1/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
-
2009
- 2009-04-20 WO PCT/ES2009/000211 patent/WO2009127761A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE528025A (en) * | ||||
| US3440788A (en) * | 1965-06-11 | 1969-04-29 | Arthur B Merget | Building blocks with a shell containing a filler and having projections and depressions connected by tubes |
| US4341050A (en) * | 1979-03-23 | 1982-07-27 | Long Leonard L | Construction module |
| US5402609A (en) * | 1992-08-13 | 1995-04-04 | Kelley, Jr.; Michael L. | Concrete building block system |
| US5788423A (en) * | 1995-09-08 | 1998-08-04 | G.P. Industries, Inc. | Masonry block retaining wall with attached keylock facing panels and method of constructing the same |
| US20040065505A1 (en) * | 2002-07-04 | 2004-04-08 | Peter Weinhold | Muffler |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2246498A3 (en) * | 2009-04-29 | 2012-08-01 | ARP Plastics Limited | Blocks |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2304329A1 (en) | 2008-10-01 |
| ES2304329B1 (en) | 2009-09-16 |
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