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WO2009127171A1 - Device for mechanical testing of functional segments of human body - Google Patents

Device for mechanical testing of functional segments of human body Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009127171A1
WO2009127171A1 PCT/CZ2009/000051 CZ2009000051W WO2009127171A1 WO 2009127171 A1 WO2009127171 A1 WO 2009127171A1 CZ 2009000051 W CZ2009000051 W CZ 2009000051W WO 2009127171 A1 WO2009127171 A1 WO 2009127171A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
human body
fixation plates
linear drives
tested
testing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CZ2009/000051
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2009127171A4 (en
WO2009127171A8 (en
Inventor
Tomas Brezina
Florian Zdenek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vysoke Uceni Technicke V Brne
Original Assignee
Vysoke Uceni Technicke V Brne
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vysoke Uceni Technicke V Brne filed Critical Vysoke Uceni Technicke V Brne
Publication of WO2009127171A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009127171A1/en
Publication of WO2009127171A4 publication Critical patent/WO2009127171A4/en
Publication of WO2009127171A8 publication Critical patent/WO2009127171A8/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/46—Special tools for implanting artificial joints
    • A61F2/468—Testing instruments for artificial joints
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/48—Operating or control means, e.g. from outside the body, control of sphincters
    • A61F2/482—Electrical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/04—Chucks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
    • A61B17/60—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements for external osteosynthesis, e.g. distractors, contractors
    • A61B17/62—Ring frames, i.e. devices extending around the bones to be positioned
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00017—Electrical control of surgical instruments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00681—Aspects not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/00707—Dummies, phantoms; Devices simulating patient or parts of patient
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/30988—Other joints not covered by any of the groups A61F2/32 - A61F2/4425
    • A61F2/3099—Other joints not covered by any of the groups A61F2/32 - A61F2/4425 for temporo-mandibular [TM, TMJ] joints
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/38—Joints for elbows or knees
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30535—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30537—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for adjustable
    • A61F2002/30538—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for adjustable for adjusting angular orientation
    • A61F2002/3054—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for adjustable for adjusting angular orientation about a connection axis or implantation axis for selecting any one of a plurality of radial orientations between two modular parts, e.g. Morse taper connections, at discrete positions, angular positions or continuous positions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30535—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30537—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for adjustable
    • A61F2002/3055—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for adjustable for adjusting length

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for mechanical testing of functional segments of human body, while the device comprises fastening elements of the tested functional segment of human body and a driving device.
  • the device for mechanical testing of functional segments of human body whose principle consists in that the fastening elements of the tested functional segment of human body are positioned on at least two fixation plates, that are on their outer perimeter connected by means of a system of angle-wise arranged linear drives, while the linear drives are coupled with a control device and the testing space for the tested functional segment of human body is situated in the inner space delimited by the fixation plates and linear drives.
  • fixation plates are provided with a centre through hole.
  • fixation plates are of a circular shape, while they are in their centre section provided with the circular through hole with fastening elements for the tested functional segment of human body and on their outer perimeter they are equipped with connecting elements for removable attachment of ends of the linear drives.
  • the advantage of this solution is that its embodiment enables a targeted acting on each part of tested multiple-part functional segment of human body, namely by usage of always optimal number of fixation plates according to the number of parts of the tested functional segment of human body.
  • Stewart's structure is in principle enabled any mutual motion of each two neighbouring fixation plates, by which it is possible to simulate very precisely even very complicated overall motions of tested multiple-part functional segments of human body, at which the individual parts, e.g. spine vertebrae, move exactly one towards another.
  • This enables e.g. to examine in a greater detail the impacts of respective medical interventions to resultant mobility of the tested functional segment of human body, and this enables improvements in designing of fixators and substitutions for patients undergoing such surgical treatments.
  • Fig. 1 shows the block scheme of arrangement of the device according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 arrangement of the device according to the invention for testing of simple elements
  • Fig. 3 arrangement of the device according to the invention for testing of multiple-part functional segments, e.g. parts of the spine
  • Fig. 4 arrangement of the device according to the invention for testing a section of the spine with applied fixator
  • Fig. 5 arrangement of the device according to the invention for simulation of wear of functional surfaces of a hip joint
  • Fig. 6 arrangement of the device according to the invention for simulation of strain of the knee-joint with applied total substitution
  • Fig. 7 arrangement of the device according to the invention for simulation of chewing motions and loading of the teeth and mandible. Examples of embodiment
  • the device for mechanical testing of functional segments 4 of human body comprises art least two fixation plates 1, which are on their outer circumference connected with ends of angle-wise arranged linear drives 2.
  • the fixation plates 1 are parallel in basic position.
  • the linear drives 2 are coupled with the source of energy and they are further linked with not shown control device.
  • To improve fastening of the tested part of human body the fixation plates 1 are in their centre section provided with the through hole 10, to which are assigned the fastening means 3 of the tested functional segment 4 of human body.
  • the testing space for the tested functional segment 4 of human body is thus situated in an inner space delimited by the fixation plates 1 and the linear drives 2.
  • the device may comprise more than two fixation plates 1, while each two neighbouring fixation plates 1 are on their outer perimeter connected by means of a system of angle-wise arranged linear drives 2 coupled with the control device.
  • each two neighbouring fixation plates 1 in principle an autonomous system, at which the fixation plates 1 are arranged between the outer fixation plates 1_ an integral part of two neighbouring autonomous systems as it is schematically represented in Fig. 1.
  • the fixation plates 1 are of a circular shape, while they are in their centre section provided with a circular through hole Ij) with fastening elements 3 for the tested functional segment 4 of human body and on their outer perimeter they are provided with connection elements 30 for repeated removable attachment of ends of linear drives 2.
  • a kit which is applicable for testing of wide range of properties of various types of functional segments 4 of human body, as will be described in examples of embodiment in further text.
  • Fig. 2 is represented application of the device according to the invention for simulation of movement and loading of one spinal segment.
  • the device comprises a pair of circular fixation plates ⁇ _, which are parallel in basic position, and which are provided with a centre through hole 10.
  • suitable bar fastening elements 3 in which is by their ends fastened the spinal segment.
  • the fixation plates ⁇ _ are connected by means of six angle-wise arranged linear drives 3, which are coupled with not shown control device.
  • Spinal segment namely its tested section, is situated in a space delimited by fixation plates 1 and the linear drives 2. Individual components of the resultant motion are generated by a simultaneous control of all linear drives 2.
  • Fig. 3 represents usage of the device according to the invention for a simultaneous simulation of motion and loading of the spinal specimen consisting of several spinal segments.
  • the device comprises four circular fixation plates 1, which are parallel in a basic position, and which are provided with the centre through hole tO. Through the through holes tO passes along the whole device a multi-segment spinal specimen, while the individual segments are at their passing through the holes 10 in fixation plates 1 fastened by the bar fastening elements 3 assigned to these holes 10.
  • Each two neighbouring fixation plates 1 are connected by means of six angle-wise arranged linear drives 3, which are coupled with not shown control device.
  • the whole multi- segment spinal specimen or its tested section is situated in a space delimited by the outer fixation plates 1 and the linear drives 2.
  • the individual components of the resultant motion are generated by simultaneous control of all linear drives 2.
  • the control device controls individual linear drives 2 connecting the individual fixation plates 1 so that the required resultant motion of the whole multi- segment spinal specimen is achieved (flexion, extension, lateral-flexion, torsion and their mutual combinations).
  • the resultant motion along whole length of the multi-segment spinal specimen is determined by a mutual motion of each neighbouring pair of fixation plates ⁇ .
  • Fig. 4 represents application of the device from the Fig. 3 for simulation of the motion and loading of a multi-segment spinal specimen with applied fixator 5. From results of tests performed according to the Fig. 4 and according to the Fig. 2 or 3 it is then possible to evaluate much better an impact of the fixator to the spinal specimen and this knowledge may be further utilised e.g. at development of new fixators possibly at modifications of existing fixators.
  • Fig. 5 represents application of the device from the Fig. 2 for simulation of wear of total hip joint prosthesis.
  • the fastening elements 3 which are assigned to the holes 10 in the fixation plates ⁇ _ is fastened a specimen of hip joint.
  • the control device controls individual linear drives 2 so that in the hip joint is achieved the required resultant motion.
  • the device according to the invention may be applied for testing the total hip joint prosthesis.
  • Fig. 6 represents application of the device from Fig. 2 for simulation of motion and strain of the knee joint, possibly of the knee joint with applied fixator.
  • a pair of circular fixation plates ⁇ _ with the centre through holes 10, which are parallel in basic position, is connected by means of six linear drives 2, which are coupled with the control device.
  • the linear drives 2 used here are of a greater length than in examples of embodiment in Fig. 2 to 5.
  • By usage of linear drives 2 always of a suitable length, it is possible to change actually size of the testing space for a specimen delimited by the fixation plates 1 and linear drives 2.
  • Control device controls individual linear drives 2 so that the required resultant motion in the knee-joint is achieved.
  • Control device is able to control the linear drives 2 so that not only the required resultant motion of the knee-joint, but also acting of passive elements - ligaments, is achieved.
  • Fig. 7 represents application of the device according to the Fig. 6 for simulation of chewing motions and loading of mandible, possibly of individual teeth.
  • a pair of circular fixation plates 1 with the centre through holes 10, which are parallel in basic position, is connected by means of six linear drives 2 coupled with the control device.
  • the linear drives 2 used here are of a greater length than in examples of embodiment in Fig. 2 to 5.
  • the bar fastening elements 3, which are assigned to the holes 10 in the fixation plates 1 is fastened the specimen of a skull with jaw-bone and teeth.
  • the holes 10 in the fixation plates 1 of a greater size because the tested specimen is larger.
  • a suitable selection of the size of holes 10 in the fixation plates 1 in cooperation with a suitable length of linear drives 2 enables an immediate adaptation of the testing device to the size of currently tested specimen - the skull.
  • Control device controls individual linear drives 2 so that is achieved the required resultant motion of the mandible and/or the required force loading of teeth, etc.
  • the device for mechanical testing of functional segments 4 of human body is applicable in medical and biomechanical sphere to determine the mechanical properties of elements of human body, for testing of produced commercial fixators and substitutions from the point of view of their optimal application in a respective clinical case.
  • the device for mechanical testing of functional segments 4 of human body is also applicable in a production - technical sphere as a testing device for designers and producers of medical technology, providing possibility to simulate the loading of segments 4 of human body during their motion.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Accommodation For Nursing Or Treatment Tables (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The device for mechanical testing of functional segments (4) of human body comprising fastening elements (3) of the tested functional segment (4) of human body and a driving device. The fastening elements (3) of the tested functional segment (4) of human body are positioned on at least two fixation plates (1), which are connected on their outer perimeter by means of a system of angle-wise arranged linear drives (2), while the linear drives (2) are coupled with the control device and the testing space for the tested functional segment (4) of human body is situated in the inner space delimited by the fixation plates (1) and linear drives (2).

Description

Device for mechanical testing of functional segments of human body
Technical field
The invention relates to a device for mechanical testing of functional segments of human body, while the device comprises fastening elements of the tested functional segment of human body and a driving device.
Background art
There is known a device for mechanical testing of functional segments of human body, e.g. according to DE 100 63 630 A1 and DE 199 12 473 A1 , whose common disadvantage is that they enable only acting on the ends of the tested functional segments of human body, and so they do not enable a targeted mechanical acting on each section of the tested functional segments of human body, e.g. during testing of spinal systems with several vertebras, etc. The goal of the invention is to eliminate or at least to minimise the disadvantages of the background art.
Principle of the invention
The goal of the invention has been reached by the device for mechanical testing of functional segments of human body, whose principle consists in that the fastening elements of the tested functional segment of human body are positioned on at least two fixation plates, that are on their outer perimeter connected by means of a system of angle-wise arranged linear drives, while the linear drives are coupled with a control device and the testing space for the tested functional segment of human body is situated in the inner space delimited by the fixation plates and linear drives.
According to an advantageous embodiment the fixation plates are provided with a centre through hole.
According to another embodiment the fixation plates are of a circular shape, while they are in their centre section provided with the circular through hole with fastening elements for the tested functional segment of human body and on their outer perimeter they are equipped with connecting elements for removable attachment of ends of the linear drives.
The advantage of this solution is that its embodiment enables a targeted acting on each part of tested multiple-part functional segment of human body, namely by usage of always optimal number of fixation plates according to the number of parts of the tested functional segment of human body. By application of so called Stewart's structure is in principle enabled any mutual motion of each two neighbouring fixation plates, by which it is possible to simulate very precisely even very complicated overall motions of tested multiple-part functional segments of human body, at which the individual parts, e.g. spine vertebrae, move exactly one towards another. This enables e.g. to examine in a greater detail the impacts of respective medical interventions to resultant mobility of the tested functional segment of human body, and this enables improvements in designing of fixators and substitutions for patients undergoing such surgical treatments.
Description of the drawing
The invention is schematically represented on the drawing where Fig. 1 shows the block scheme of arrangement of the device according to the invention, Fig. 2 arrangement of the device according to the invention for testing of simple elements, Fig. 3 arrangement of the device according to the invention for testing of multiple-part functional segments, e.g. parts of the spine, Fig. 4 arrangement of the device according to the invention for testing a section of the spine with applied fixator, Fig. 5 arrangement of the device according to the invention for simulation of wear of functional surfaces of a hip joint, Fig. 6 arrangement of the device according to the invention for simulation of strain of the knee-joint with applied total substitution, and Fig. 7 arrangement of the device according to the invention for simulation of chewing motions and loading of the teeth and mandible. Examples of embodiment
The device for mechanical testing of functional segments 4 of human body comprises art least two fixation plates 1, which are on their outer circumference connected with ends of angle-wise arranged linear drives 2. The fixation plates 1 are parallel in basic position. The linear drives 2 are coupled with the source of energy and they are further linked with not shown control device. To improve fastening of the tested part of human body the fixation plates 1 are in their centre section provided with the through hole 10, to which are assigned the fastening means 3 of the tested functional segment 4 of human body. The testing space for the tested functional segment 4 of human body is thus situated in an inner space delimited by the fixation plates 1 and the linear drives 2. In case of need, the device may comprise more than two fixation plates 1, while each two neighbouring fixation plates 1 are on their outer perimeter connected by means of a system of angle-wise arranged linear drives 2 coupled with the control device. In this way represent each two neighbouring fixation plates 1 in principle an autonomous system, at which the fixation plates 1 are arranged between the outer fixation plates 1_ an integral part of two neighbouring autonomous systems as it is schematically represented in Fig. 1. From the point of view of production as well as utilisation it may be advantageous if the fixation plates 1 are of a circular shape, while they are in their centre section provided with a circular through hole Ij) with fastening elements 3 for the tested functional segment 4 of human body and on their outer perimeter they are provided with connection elements 30 for repeated removable attachment of ends of linear drives 2. In this way is in principle created a kit, which is applicable for testing of wide range of properties of various types of functional segments 4 of human body, as will be described in examples of embodiment in further text.
In Fig. 2 is represented application of the device according to the invention for simulation of movement and loading of one spinal segment. The device comprises a pair of circular fixation plates Λ_, which are parallel in basic position, and which are provided with a centre through hole 10. To the through holes 10 are assigned suitable bar fastening elements 3, in which is by their ends fastened the spinal segment. The fixation plates Λ_ are connected by means of six angle-wise arranged linear drives 3, which are coupled with not shown control device. Spinal segment, namely its tested section, is situated in a space delimited by fixation plates 1 and the linear drives 2. Individual components of the resultant motion are generated by a simultaneous control of all linear drives 2. The control device controls the individual linear drives 2 so that the required resultant motion of the tested area of the spinal segment is achieved (flexion, extension, lateral-flexion, torsion and their mutual combinations). Fig. 3 represents usage of the device according to the invention for a simultaneous simulation of motion and loading of the spinal specimen consisting of several spinal segments. The device comprises four circular fixation plates 1, which are parallel in a basic position, and which are provided with the centre through hole tO. Through the through holes tO passes along the whole device a multi-segment spinal specimen, while the individual segments are at their passing through the holes 10 in fixation plates 1 fastened by the bar fastening elements 3 assigned to these holes 10. Each two neighbouring fixation plates 1 are connected by means of six angle-wise arranged linear drives 3, which are coupled with not shown control device. The whole multi- segment spinal specimen or its tested section is situated in a space delimited by the outer fixation plates 1 and the linear drives 2. The individual components of the resultant motion are generated by simultaneous control of all linear drives 2. The control device controls individual linear drives 2 connecting the individual fixation plates 1 so that the required resultant motion of the whole multi- segment spinal specimen is achieved (flexion, extension, lateral-flexion, torsion and their mutual combinations). The resultant motion along whole length of the multi-segment spinal specimen is determined by a mutual motion of each neighbouring pair of fixation plates ±.
Fig. 4 represents application of the device from the Fig. 3 for simulation of the motion and loading of a multi-segment spinal specimen with applied fixator 5. From results of tests performed according to the Fig. 4 and according to the Fig. 2 or 3 it is then possible to evaluate much better an impact of the fixator to the spinal specimen and this knowledge may be further utilised e.g. at development of new fixators possibly at modifications of existing fixators.
Fig. 5 represents application of the device from the Fig. 2 for simulation of wear of total hip joint prosthesis. A pair of circular fixation plates 1 with the centre through holes 10, which are parallel in a basic position.Js connected by means of six linear drives 2, which are coupled with the control device. In the fastening elements 3, which are assigned to the holes 10 in the fixation plates Λ_ is fastened a specimen of hip joint. The control device controls individual linear drives 2 so that in the hip joint is achieved the required resultant motion. After a simple modification the device according to the invention may be applied for testing the total hip joint prosthesis.
Fig. 6 represents application of the device from Fig. 2 for simulation of motion and strain of the knee joint, possibly of the knee joint with applied fixator. A pair of circular fixation plates Λ_ with the centre through holes 10, which are parallel in basic position, is connected by means of six linear drives 2, which are coupled with the control device. As the knee joint is larger than the specimens tested in examples of embodiment in Fig. 2 to 5, the linear drives 2 used here are of a greater length than in examples of embodiment in Fig. 2 to 5. By usage of linear drives 2 always of a suitable length, it is possible to change actually size of the testing space for a specimen delimited by the fixation plates 1 and linear drives 2. In the bar fastening elements 3 that are assigned to the holes 10 in fixation plates 1 is fastened a specimen of the knee-joint. Control device controls individual linear drives 2 so that the required resultant motion in the knee-joint is achieved. Control device is able to control the linear drives 2 so that not only the required resultant motion of the knee-joint, but also acting of passive elements - ligaments, is achieved.
Fig. 7 represents application of the device according to the Fig. 6 for simulation of chewing motions and loading of mandible, possibly of individual teeth. A pair of circular fixation plates 1 with the centre through holes 10, which are parallel in basic position, is connected by means of six linear drives 2 coupled with the control device. As the specimen is larger than the specimens tested in examples of embodiment in Fig. 2 to 5, the linear drives 2 used here are of a greater length than in examples of embodiment in Fig. 2 to 5. In the bar fastening elements 3, which are assigned to the holes 10 in the fixation plates 1, is fastened the specimen of a skull with jaw-bone and teeth. In the represented example of embodiment are the holes 10 in the fixation plates 1 of a greater size because the tested specimen is larger. A suitable selection of the size of holes 10 in the fixation plates 1 in cooperation with a suitable length of linear drives 2 enables an immediate adaptation of the testing device to the size of currently tested specimen - the skull. Control device controls individual linear drives 2 so that is achieved the required resultant motion of the mandible and/or the required force loading of teeth, etc.
For the invention it is generally valid, that through selection of the size and shape of the fixation plates 1, through selection of the size and shape of holes 10 in the fixation plates, of fastening elements 3 and selection of length of linear drives 2 connecting each two neighbouring fixation plates 1, it is always possible to create an optimum, exact and entirely variable testing device for each particular tested specimen. It is also possible to use a different number of linear drives 2 than the represented six ones between each pair of fixation plates 1. If needed, it is also possible that the individual neighbouring fixation plates 1 are connected by means of linear drives of a different length, so that the distance of each two neighbouring fixation plates 1 may be different.
Industrial applicability
The device for mechanical testing of functional segments 4 of human body is applicable in medical and biomechanical sphere to determine the mechanical properties of elements of human body, for testing of produced commercial fixators and substitutions from the point of view of their optimal application in a respective clinical case.
The device for mechanical testing of functional segments 4 of human body is also applicable in a production - technical sphere as a testing device for designers and producers of medical technology, providing possibility to simulate the loading of segments 4 of human body during their motion.

Claims

1. The device for mechanical testing of functional segments of human body comprising fastening elements of the tested functional segment of human body and a driving device, characterised in that the fastening elements (3) of the tested functional segment (4) of human body are positioned on at least two fixation plates (1), which are on their outer perimeter connected by means of a system of angle-wise arranged linear drives (2), while the linear drives (2) are coupled with a control device and the testing space for the tested functional segment (4) of human body is situated in the inner space delimited by the fixation plates (1) and linear drives (2).
2. The device according to the claim 1 , characterised in that the fixation plates (1) are provided with a centre through hole (10).
3. The device according to any of the claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the linear drives (2) are connected with fixation plates (1) in a disassembly manner.
4. The device according to any of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the fixation plates (1) are of a circular shape and in their centre section they are provided with the circular through hole (10) with fastening elements for the tested functional segment (4) of human body.
PCT/CZ2009/000051 2008-04-17 2009-04-14 Device for mechanical testing of functional segments of human body Ceased WO2009127171A1 (en)

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CZ300700B6 (en) 2009-07-22
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WO2009127171A8 (en) 2010-03-18

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