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WO2009118195A1 - Catalyseur d'hydrolyse de l'urée - Google Patents

Catalyseur d'hydrolyse de l'urée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009118195A1
WO2009118195A1 PCT/EP2009/002270 EP2009002270W WO2009118195A1 WO 2009118195 A1 WO2009118195 A1 WO 2009118195A1 EP 2009002270 W EP2009002270 W EP 2009002270W WO 2009118195 A1 WO2009118195 A1 WO 2009118195A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydrolysis catalyst
urea hydrolysis
zeolite
metal
urea
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2009/002270
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Paulus
Jörg SPENGLER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sued Chemie AG
Original Assignee
Sued Chemie AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sued Chemie AG filed Critical Sued Chemie AG
Publication of WO2009118195A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009118195A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/061—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof containing metallic elements added to the zeolite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • B01J21/066—Zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
    • B01J29/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
    • B01J29/46—Iron group metals or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0215—Coating
    • B01J37/0225—Coating of metal substrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/08—Preparation of ammonia from nitrogenous organic substances
    • C01C1/086—Preparation of ammonia from nitrogenous organic substances from urea
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207—Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20715—Zirconium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0215—Coating
    • B01J37/0219—Coating the coating containing organic compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
    • B01J37/0246—Coatings comprising a zeolite
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a urea hydrolysis catalyst comprising a catalytically active composition comprising a metal-exchanged zeolite and zirconia or zirconia and its use in an exhaust gas purification system for mobile and stationary incinerators.
  • the denitrification of exhaust gases is also referred to as DeNOx.
  • SCR selective catalytic reduction
  • the reducing agents used are usually hydrocarbons (HC-SCR) or ammonia (NH 3 -SCR) or NH 3 precursors such as urea (AdBlue®).
  • Diesel oxidation catalysts consist essentially of a ceramic support structure, a Oxide mixture (washcoat) and from the catalytically active noble metal components such as platinum, palladium and rhodium.
  • the DOC fulfills the function that CO and HC are oxidized on the catalyst to CO 2 and H 2 and the emitted particles, which consist partly of hydrocarbons, are desorbed from the particle core at increasing temperatures. The oxidation of these hydrocarbons in the DOC reduces the particle mass.
  • the DOC can also be used as a catalytic burner (cat burner) to increase the exhaust gas temperature z. B. in the particle filter regeneration.
  • an exhaust gas purification system as described, for example, in WO 2004/079170 or WO 2004/022935 and WO 03/054364, requires a NO x storage catalytic converter (NSC) of NO 2 , but can not store NO.
  • NSC NO x storage catalytic converter
  • the NO components are first oxidized to NO 2 in an upstream or integrated oxidation catalyst.
  • the NO 2 is typically stored by contacting it with compounds on the catalyst surface (e.g.
  • Barium carbonate BaC0 3 as storage material and oxygen from the diesel exhaust gas reacts to nitrates.
  • the catalyst typically needs to be regenerated.
  • reducing agent present CO, H 2 and various hydrocarbons
  • the regeneration typically takes about 2 to 10 seconds.
  • Selective catalytic reduction is based on the principle that selected reducing agents selectively reduce nitrogen oxides in the presence of oxygen. Selective here means that the oxidation of the reducing agent is preferred (selective), which takes place with the oxygen nitrogen oxides and not with the molecular oxygen present in the exhaust much more abundant. Ammonia or ammonia precursors have proven themselves as reducing agents with the highest selectivity.
  • urea is used instead of the pure ammonia, in particular because of its nontoxicity.
  • Urea also has a very good solubility in water and can therefore be added to the exhaust gas either as a solid or as an easily dosed aqueous solution.
  • the freezing point at -11 ° has a local minimum, forming a eutectic, precluding segregation of the solution in the case of freezing.
  • Robert Bosch GmbH has developed the so-called DeNoxtronicl system for the precise metering of the reducing agent.
  • Urea water solutions are offered under the brand name AdBlue®.
  • the isocyanic acid is reacted with water to form ammonia and carbon dioxide.
  • the oxidation of NO to NO x is carried out on the above-described upstream oxidation catalyst, the Therefore, it is essential for optimum efficiency of an exhaust gas purification system for diesel engines.
  • DPF particulate filters
  • urea hydrolysis catalysts mainly comprise titania in anatase modification.
  • urea hydrolysis catalyst is used to refer to a catalyst which, strictly speaking, catalyzes only the hydrolysis of isocyanic acid, ie, the product of the thermolytic decomposition of, for example, urea or other NH 3 -forming reducing agents
  • thermolysis also takes place mainly on the urea hydrolysis catalyst.
  • DE 10 2006 023 145 A1 relates to a method and a device for the treatment of the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine.
  • a urea hydrolysis catalyst is disclosed which comprises a Coating of titanium dioxide (anatase) and / or an Fe-exchanged zeolite comprises.
  • a urea hydrolysis catalyst which comprises a mixture of TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , ZrO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 , WO 3 and / or an H zeolite.
  • DE 42 03 807 Al relates to a device for catalytic NO x reduction in oxygen-containing engine exhaust.
  • a urea hydrolysis catalyst is disclosed which comprises mixed oxides which are always Al 2 O 3 and also TiO 2 , SiO 2 , ZrO 2 and / or an H zeolite in a weight ratio Al 2 O 3 / other oxides of 90:10 to 10: 90 included.
  • DE 40 38 054 A1 discloses a method and a device for selective catalytic NO x reduction in oxygen-containing exhaust gases.
  • a device for selective catalytic NO x reduction in oxygen-containing exhaust gases in particular, a
  • Urea hydrolysis catalyst discloses the oxides of the
  • Systems SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 -ZrO 2 comprises, with WO 3 thermally stabilized TiO 2 is particularly preferred. Furthermore, mixed oxides in the system SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 / TiO 2 and solid bases in
  • phase transformation from anatase to rutile can occur.
  • the rutile phase has a significantly lower activity with respect to the reaction to be catalyzed of isocyanic acid to ammonia.
  • the specific surface of the catalyst decreases significantly. This catalyst aging occurs in particular at a temperature of 600 0 C.
  • titanium dioxide in particular silicon oxides, lanthanum oxides or tungsten oxides.
  • these additives have a negative effect on the performance of the catalyst and in particular reduce the conversion of isocyanic acid to ammonia.
  • urea hydrolysis catalyst can also be placed behind the diesel particulate filter.
  • temperature peaks also occur which also lie in a temperature range of 750 ° C. and more.
  • a urea hydrolysis catalyst which is, in particular, temperature-stable and has a low aging behavior and is only slightly influenced in its catalytic activity by short-term elevated temperature peaks.
  • a urea hydrolysis catalyst comprising a catalytically active composition comprising a combination of a metal-exchanged zeolite and zirconium dioxide or consisting of zirconium dioxide.
  • the catalytic activity of the materials of the urea hydrolysis catalyst according to the invention begins at about 120 ° C. and is not impaired by short-term high temperature peaks.
  • zeolite is used in the context of the present invention as defined by the International Mineralogical Association (DS Coombs et al., Can. Mineralogist, 35, 1997, 1571) a crystalline substance from the group of aluminum silicates with spatial network structure of the general formula
  • the zeolite structure contains voids and channels characteristic of each zeolite.
  • the zeolites are classified according to their topology into different structures (see above).
  • the zeolite framework contains open cavities in the form of channels and cages that are normally occupied by water molecules and extra framework cations that can be exchanged.
  • An aluminum atom has an excess negative charge which is compensated by these cations.
  • the interior of the pore system represents the catalytically active surface. The more aluminum and the less silicon a zeolite contains, the denser the negative charge in its lattice and the more polar its internal surface.
  • the pore size and structure are determined by the Si / Al ratio, which determines most of the catalytic character of a zeolite, in addition to the parameters of manufacture (use or type of template, pH, pressure, temperature, presence of seed crystals).
  • the negative charge is compensated by the incorporation of cations in the pores of the zeolite material.
  • the zeolites are mainly distinguished by the geometry of the cavities formed by the rigid network of SiO 4 / AlO 4 tetrahedra.
  • the entrances to the cavities are formed by 8, 10 or 12 "rings" (narrow, medium and large pore zeolites).
  • Certain zeolites show a uniform structure structure (eg ZSM-5 with MFI topology) with linear or zigzag running channels, in others close behind the pore openings larger cavities, eg. As in the Y and A zeolites, with the topologies FAU and LTA.
  • TS-I Zeolites with the topologies BEA, MFI, SAPO (in particular SAPO-34) and TS (in particular TS-I) are preferred according to the invention.
  • TS-I is not really a zeolite but a titanium silicalite.
  • the three-dimensional lattice or cage structure corresponds essentially to that of ZSM5.
  • the lattice consists of Si and Ti tetrahedra.
  • Ti is not present here by ion exchange in the zeolite, but is an integral part of the lattice.
  • Al is not present in the grid. However, the thermal stability of TS is very good.
  • ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ positions which define the position of the exchange sites (also referred to as "interchangeable locations").
  • MFI zeolites such as ZSM-5 or ZSM 12, as well as the topologies of SAPO-34 and TS-I.
  • the preferred SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 modulus according to the invention (in the case of TS this would be the SiO 2 / TiO 2 ratio) (molar ratio) is in the range from 5: 1 to 300: 1, particularly preferably in the range from 20: 1 to 200: 1 and most preferably in the range of 30: 1 to 150: 1. Basically, the higher the modulus, the more temperature stable the zeolite is.
  • the combination of a metal-exchanged zeolite and ZrO 2 in an amount of 50 to 99 wt .-%, more preferably in an amount of 75 to 95 wt .-% in the catalytically active composition.
  • the type of zeolite used is also important, it also being possible to use combinations of the abovementioned preferred zeolites.
  • the cited catalysts and processes for their preparation are known in the art.
  • the zeolite is a metal-exchanged zeolite, for example an iron-exchanged zeolite, since iron-exchanged zeolites are particularly temperature-stable.
  • the metal content or the degree of exchange of a zeolite is decisively determined by the metal species present in the zeolite. This allows the zeolite to be doped with only a single metal or with different metals.
  • the preferred metals for exchange and doping are catalytically active metals such as Fe, Co, Cu, Ce and Ag. With particular preference Fe is the catalytically active metal.
  • the zeolites may be partially, completely or else exchanged. Of over-exchanged, one speaks, for example, if more iron (or metal) is present in the zeolite than theoretically given by the negative charges of the grid. This iron (or metal) is then in the
  • a metal-exchanged zeolite can also be used as the sole catalytically active component.
  • a Cu-ZSM5 zeolite is excluded.
  • zirconium dioxide can be present in the catalytically active composition. However, this does not preclude the presence of additives, such as binders.
  • the metal-exchanged zeolite and / or the zirconia are present in a proportion of 80% by weight to 95% by weight in the catalytically active composition.
  • the ratio of metal-exchanged zeolite to zirconium dioxide is about 1:10 to 10: 1, preferably 3: 7 to 7: 3, more preferably 4: 6 to 6: 4.
  • the catalytically active composition is preferably free of TiO 2 , especially when the zeolite used is a Fe zeolite.
  • the catalytically active composition is preferably applied to a carrier.
  • the support typically consists of a ceramic, a metal or a metal alloy.
  • the carrier is in the form of a honeycomb body, a monolith, a tube or a foam.
  • the urea hydrolysis catalyst as such can also already be used for hydrolysis in one of the conventional components of an exhaust gas purification system, for example as part of an evaporator unit, as part of a metering line, as part of a metering line with which the urea hydrolysis catalyst can be connected to the exhaust gas line or at least Parts of a metering line for adding the gaseous mixture to the actual urea hydrolysis catalyst or parts of the compound unit.
  • mixer elements may act as carriers, e.g. are designed as simple baffles, via vortex-generating internals to structured monoliths with cross-mixing over several channels (such as the type MX of the company Emitec).
  • the application of the catalytically active composition of the urea hydrolysis catalyst takes place after from Known prior art methods, for example by applying a washcoat, by coating in an immersion bath or by spray coating.
  • the urea hydrolysis catalyst according to the invention is outstandingly suitable for use in exhaust gas purification systems or for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from mobile and stationary combustion devices.
  • Mobile combustion devices in the context of the present invention are, for example, internal combustion engines of motor vehicles, in particular diesel engines, power generation units based on internal combustion engines or other units based on internal combustion engines.
  • Stationary incinerators are usually power plants, combustion plants, incinerators and also home heating systems.
  • Fe-ZSM5 powder Fe content 6 wt .-%, Fa. Süd-Chemie
  • SiO 2 -SoI solids content 40%, stabilized with ammonium hydroxide
  • Tylose 0.5 g
  • the coating was carried out by conventional coating methods. As a rule, the substrates were incorporated into the washcoat
  • Washcoat emptied. It can be used both with overpressure (blowing out of the monolith) or negative pressure (suction of the monolith). If structured substrates were used, also the emptying of the substrate by means of a centrifuge had proved to be advantageous.
  • GHSV 52,000 h -1 , 1000 ppm HNCO (isocyanic acid), 5% H 2 O, 10% O 2 , N 2 as gas to adjust the equilibrium.
  • Figure 1 clearly shows the decrease in NH 3 conversion activity with respect to anatase to rutile conversion temperature in the case of TiO 2 .
  • Rutile shows a much lower activity in the low temperature range compared to anatase. This significantly worse cold start properties are connected because the urea dosing in the vehicle can be activated only at higher temperatures.
  • the best conversion showed ZrO 2 over the entire temperature range, followed by Fe-ZSM5.
  • ZrO 2 and Fe-doped zeolites are structurally known to be extremely hydrothermally stable and therefore particularly preferred for use according to the invention as a high-temperature-stable hydrolysis catalyst.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un catalyseur d'hydrolyse de l'urée, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une composition à activité catalytique contenant une combinaison formée d'une zéolithe à échange métallique et du dioxyde de zirconium, ou bien est constituée par du dioxyde de zirconium. L'invention concerne en outre l'utilisation dudit catalyseur.
PCT/EP2009/002270 2008-03-28 2009-03-27 Catalyseur d'hydrolyse de l'urée Ceased WO2009118195A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008016177A DE102008016177A1 (de) 2008-03-28 2008-03-28 Harnstoffhydrolysekatalysator
DE102008016177.2 2008-03-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009118195A1 true WO2009118195A1 (fr) 2009-10-01

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WO (1) WO2009118195A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3015158A3 (fr) * 2014-09-15 2016-08-10 Paccar Inc Réacteur d'hydrolyse de l'urée pour réduction catalytique sélective
US10675586B2 (en) 2017-06-02 2020-06-09 Paccar Inc Hybrid binary catalysts, methods and uses thereof
US10744458B2 (en) 2015-11-06 2020-08-18 Paccar Inc Thermally integrated compact aftertreatment system
US10835866B2 (en) 2017-06-02 2020-11-17 Paccar Inc 4-way hybrid binary catalysts, methods and uses thereof
US10906031B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2021-02-02 Paccar Inc Intra-crystalline binary catalysts and uses thereof
US10934918B1 (en) 2019-10-14 2021-03-02 Paccar Inc Combined urea hydrolysis and selective catalytic reduction for emissions control
US11007514B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2021-05-18 Paccar Inc Ammonia facilitated cation loading of zeolite catalysts
CN113750948A (zh) * 2021-09-09 2021-12-07 西安热工研究院有限公司 一种烟气脱硝用尿素催化水解反应器及方法
WO2025114689A1 (fr) 2023-11-28 2025-06-05 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Système de traitement de gaz d'échappement à double filtre

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3015158A3 (fr) * 2014-09-15 2016-08-10 Paccar Inc Réacteur d'hydrolyse de l'urée pour réduction catalytique sélective
US9849444B2 (en) 2014-09-15 2017-12-26 Paccar Inc Urea hydrolysis reactor for selective catalytic reduction
US10744458B2 (en) 2015-11-06 2020-08-18 Paccar Inc Thermally integrated compact aftertreatment system
US10675586B2 (en) 2017-06-02 2020-06-09 Paccar Inc Hybrid binary catalysts, methods and uses thereof
US10835866B2 (en) 2017-06-02 2020-11-17 Paccar Inc 4-way hybrid binary catalysts, methods and uses thereof
US10906031B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2021-02-02 Paccar Inc Intra-crystalline binary catalysts and uses thereof
US11007514B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2021-05-18 Paccar Inc Ammonia facilitated cation loading of zeolite catalysts
US10934918B1 (en) 2019-10-14 2021-03-02 Paccar Inc Combined urea hydrolysis and selective catalytic reduction for emissions control
CN113750948A (zh) * 2021-09-09 2021-12-07 西安热工研究院有限公司 一种烟气脱硝用尿素催化水解反应器及方法
WO2025114689A1 (fr) 2023-11-28 2025-06-05 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Système de traitement de gaz d'échappement à double filtre

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