WO2009110531A1 - 有機無機複合材料およびその利用 - Google Patents
有機無機複合材料およびその利用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009110531A1 WO2009110531A1 PCT/JP2009/054128 JP2009054128W WO2009110531A1 WO 2009110531 A1 WO2009110531 A1 WO 2009110531A1 JP 2009054128 W JP2009054128 W JP 2009054128W WO 2009110531 A1 WO2009110531 A1 WO 2009110531A1
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- CPQVCNFLXGHGAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(CCC[SiH](C)CC=C)[SiH2]CCCN=C=O Chemical compound CC(C)(CCC[SiH](C)CC=C)[SiH2]CCCN=C=O CPQVCNFLXGHGAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUBMQEXVLRGBAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC[SiH+]CCCN=C=O Chemical compound CC[SiH+]CCCN=C=O DUBMQEXVLRGBAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
- B01J31/1815—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. bipyridyl, 2-aminopyridine
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- B01J31/189—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms containing both nitrogen and phosphorus as complexing atoms, including e.g. phosphino moieties, in one at least bidentate or bridging ligand
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- B01J31/2404—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
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- B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
- B01J31/2404—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
- B01J31/2409—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring with more than one complexing phosphine-P atom
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- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
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- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/50—Organo-phosphines
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel organic-inorganic composite material, and more specifically, a catalyst comprising the organic-inorganic composite material and a transition metal compound, a catalytic reaction using the catalyst, and an organosilicon compound useful for the preparation of the organic-inorganic composite material It is about.
- Organic-inorganic composite materials obtained in this way include industrial materials such as various adsorbents, columns, and surfactants, drug delivery systems, biocompatible materials, pharmaceutical materials such as test chips, sensors, organic EL, liquid crystals, etc. It has been used for applications such as electronic materials.
- the bond between the organic material (organic group) and the inorganic oxide material (carrier) is strong.
- elution (leaching) of catalytically active species is suppressed and the catalytic activity is reduced because the bond between the organic group constituting the organic-inorganic composite material and the carrier is strong.
- organic-inorganic composite materials used as catalyst materials are known, for example, in which an organic material and an inorganic oxide material are fixed by a single covalent bond (Patent Document) 1) Immobilization was insufficient with such a single covalent bond.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 a coupling reaction such as a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction using a catalyst, a hydrogenation reaction, and the like are very important reactions in the synthesis of medical and agrochemical products and electronic materials.
- a coupling reaction such as a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction using a catalyst, a hydrogenation reaction, and the like are very important reactions in the synthesis of medical and agrochemical products and electronic materials.
- homogeneous catalysts such as palladium and rhodium have been used as catalysts (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- Patent Document 2 In recent years, in order to solve these problems, heterogeneous catalysts in which homogeneous catalysts are immobilized on various resins have been studied (Patent Document 2). In addition to these techniques, research has been conducted on catalysts by immobilizing organic groups on silica and other oxides and further coordinating active metals (Patent Document 3).
- the present invention provides an organic-inorganic composite material that is highly active and highly selective, and that is suitable for a catalyst material with a small amount of active metal elution from a support, and for producing such an organic-inorganic composite material.
- An object is to obtain a suitable organosilicon compound.
- an organic silicon compound and an inorganic oxide material constituting an organic-inorganic composite material are bonded to each other by a plurality of bonding points. It came to mind that an organic-inorganic composite material in which an inorganic oxide material is firmly bonded can be obtained. Then, an organic silicon compound that can be bonded to the inorganic oxide material at a plurality of bonding points is synthesized, and a catalytically active species such as a noble metal is coordinated to the organic-inorganic composite material obtained by bonding this compound and the inorganic oxide support. The present inventors have found that an excellent organic-inorganic composite catalyst can be obtained by carrying it by such means as above.
- the present invention relates to an organic silicon compound in which at least two groups containing reactive silicon at the molecular end are bonded to one silicon atom constituting the organic silicon compound, and the inorganic oxide material, It is an organic-inorganic composite material formed by bonding through a group containing a plurality of reactive silicons of an organosilicon compound.
- the present invention is an organic-inorganic composite catalyst obtained by supporting a transition metal or a compound thereof on the organic-inorganic composite material.
- the present invention is a cross-coupling reaction catalyst containing the organic-inorganic composite material and a transition metal or a compound thereof, a coupling reaction method using this catalyst, and a reaction product obtained by the method.
- the present invention is a hydrogenation reaction catalyst comprising the above organic-inorganic composite material and a transition metal or a compound thereof, a hydrogenation reaction method using this catalyst, and a reaction product obtained by the method.
- the present invention provides the following general formula (1) (In the formula, X is chlorine, bromine, iodine, siloxy group, hydroxy group, alkoxy group, aryl group, imidazolyl group, Y is hydroxyl group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, isocyanate group, mercapto group, phosphino group.
- A is a divalent hydrocarbon group
- R is a methyl group
- Q is methyl group, ethyl group, butyl group
- k is an integer of 1 to 3
- n is 1 or 2
- m is 2 or 3
- l represents 0 or 1
- l + m + n is 4.
- an organic-inorganic composite in which an organic silicon compound and an inorganic oxide material are firmly bonded by bonding an organic silicon compound and an inorganic oxide material constituting the organic-inorganic composite material at a plurality of bonding points. A material is obtained.
- this organic-inorganic composite catalyst for various catalytic reactions, a target product can be obtained with good yield, and heavy metal residues in the product can be reduced. Furthermore, since this organic-inorganic composite catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction solution, it can be used for repeated reactions and is economical.
- composite material of the present invention at least two groups containing reactive silicon at the molecular terminals are bonded to one silicon atom constituting the organosilicon compound.
- the organic silicon compound and the inorganic oxide material are bonded through the silicon atom of the reactive silicon-containing group, preferably the oxygen atom of the inorganic oxide material and the silicon atom of the group containing the reactive silicon are bonded. It is obtained by covalent bonding.
- the organosilicon compound that is one raw material of the composite material of the present invention is one in which at least two groups containing reactive silicon at the molecular terminals are bonded to one silicon atom constituting the organic silicon compound.
- the group other than the group containing reactive silicon at the molecular end and bonded to one silicon atom must be one that inhibits the bond between the inorganic oxide material and reactive silicon.
- the substituent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a transition metal or a substituent having an ability to carry a compound thereof.
- three substituents containing reactive silicon at the molecular end are bonded to one silicon atom, and the same silicon atom has a capability of supporting a transition metal or compound at the molecular end. Those in which one is bonded are preferable.
- the group containing reactive silicon at the molecular end is a group bonded to an inorganic oxide material or the like, and examples thereof include those represented by the following general formula (3).
- X ′′ represents chlorine, bromine, iodine, siloxy group, hydroxy group, alkoxy group, allyl group or imidazolyl group, preferably chlorine, alkoxy group, allyl group or imidazolyl group.
- alkoxy group those having 1 to 10 carbon atoms such as methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group, isopropoxy group and t-butoxy group are preferable.
- Q ′′ represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, a butyl group, or a phenyl group, and is preferably a methyl group for ease of synthesis and availability of raw materials.
- a ′′ is a divalent hydrocarbon group, preferably carbon.
- d is an integer of 1 to 3.
- Examples of the substituent having the ability to support the transition metal or a compound thereof include those containing a hetero atom having the ability to coordinate to the transition metal. Specific examples include a monovalent organic group containing at least one hydroxyl group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, isocyanato group, mercapto group, phosphino group, amino group, imino group, halogen, or heterocyclic ring at the terminal. This may further include other hetero elements and metal elements in the skeleton.
- the monovalent organic group containing an alkoxy group and an aryloxy group includes those having an alkoxy group and an aryloxy group bonded to an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms. preferable.
- the alkoxy group include methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group, isopropoxy group, t-butoxy group, hexyloxy group, cyclohexyloxy group, benzyloxy group, methoxyethoxy group, methoxymethoxy group, tetrahydropyranyl.
- An oxy group etc. are mentioned.
- Specific examples of the aryloxy group include a phenoxy group, a naphthyloxy group, and a tolyloxy group.
- the monovalent organic group containing a mercapto group and a phosphino group includes an unsubstituted or substituted mercapto group and a phosphino group in an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Are preferably bonded.
- Specific examples of the mercapto group of the substituent include a methylthio group and a phenylthio group.
- Specific examples of the phosphino group include dimethylphosphino group, dibutylphosphino group, dicyclohexylphosphino group, diphenylphosphino group and the like.
- the monovalent organic group containing an amino group and an imino group is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, bonded with an amino group and an imino group.
- the amino group is preferably a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms of an amino group such as a tertiary amino group are substituted with a hydrocarbon group. Specific examples thereof include a methylamino group, an ethylamino group, a phenylamino group, and dimethylamino.
- the imino group include a methylimino group, a benzylimino group, and a phenylimino group.
- the monovalent organic group containing halogen is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, to which a halogen such as chlorine or bromine is bonded.
- a halogen such as chlorine or bromine
- Specific examples of the halogen include chloromethyl group, chloroethyl group, chloropropyl group, bromomethyl group, bromoethyl group, bromopropyl group and the like.
- the monovalent organic group containing a heterocycle includes an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, pyridyl group, pyrrolyl group, furyl group, thienyl group, and epoxy group.
- a piperidyl group, a morpholyl group, a cyclic imino group, an oxazolyl group, a thiazolyl group or the like is preferable.
- the alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is isocyanato group, mercapto group, methylthio group, phenylthio group, dimethylphosphino group, dibutylphosphino group.
- a dicyclohexylphosphino group, a diphenylphosphino group, a dimethylamino group, an epoxy group, an oxazolyl group, chlorine and bromine are preferable.
- examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a butyl group, and a phenyl group, and a methyl group is desirable from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis and availability of raw materials.
- organosilicon compound used as a raw material for the composite material of the present invention include those represented by the following general formula (1) or (2).
- X is chlorine, bromine, iodine, siloxy group, hydroxy group, alkoxy group, allyl group, imidazolyl group, preferably chlorine, alkoxy group, allyl group, imidazolyl group.
- Y is a monovalent organic group including one or more of a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an isocyanato group, a mercapto group, a phosphino group, an amino group, an imino group and a heterocyclic ring, preferably a phosphino group and an amino group.
- A is a divalent hydrocarbon group, preferably a propylene group.
- R is a methyl group, an ethyl group, a butyl group, a phenyl group, preferably a methyl group.
- Q is a methyl group, an ethyl group, a butyl group, a phenyl group, preferably a methyl group.
- k is an integer of 1 to 3, n is 1 or 2, m is 2 or 3, l is 0 or 1, and 1 + m + n is 4.
- k is 1, n is 1, m is 3, and l is 0.
- X ′ is chlorine, bromine, iodine, siloxy group, hydroxy group, alkoxy group, allyl group, imidazolyl group, preferably alkoxy group, imidazolyl group.
- Y ′ is a monovalent organic group containing halogen, preferably a chloropropyl group or a bromopropyl group.
- a ′ is a divalent hydrocarbon group, preferably a propylene group.
- R ′ is a methyl group, an ethyl group, a butyl group, a phenyl group, preferably a methyl group.
- Q ′ is a methyl group, an ethyl group, a butyl group, a phenyl group, preferably a methyl group.
- e is an integer of 1 to 3
- f is 2 or 3
- h is 1 or 2
- g is 0 or 1
- f + h + g is 4.
- f is 3,
- e is 1,
- h is 1, and g is 0.
- organosilicon compounds More specific examples of organosilicon compounds are given below.
- organosilicon compounds listed in Table 1 above compounds Nos. 1-33 to 42 are particularly preferable. Since these organosilicon compounds have three substituents having groups containing reactive silicon at the molecular terminals, they can be bonded (fixed) to the surface of the inorganic oxide material at three points, and other organic compounds It is possible to fix the inorganic oxide material at a higher concentration than the silicon compound. Furthermore, after these organosilicon compounds are immobilized on the surface of the inorganic oxide material, it is easy to replace bromine and chlorine in the organosilicon compounds with amines, phosphines and the like.
- the organosilicon compound can be synthesized via a Grignard reaction, a hydrosilylation reaction, a coupling reaction, etc., using a commercially available organosilane compound as a starting material. Any compound can be selected as the starting material, but haloalkylhalosilanes and the like are easily available and are preferred as the starting material.
- a reactive silicon-containing group can be constructed by a known technique such as a Grignard reaction or a hydrosilylation reaction to synthesize a precursor of the organosilicon compound of the present application.
- the organosilicon compound of the present application is obtained from the precursor of the organosilicon compound by introducing a substituent having the ability to support a transition metal or its compound at the molecular end by a known technique such as a coupling reaction or various addition reactions. be able to.
- a coupling reaction or various addition reactions.
- alkenyl grinder is reacted with haloalkylhalosilane to obtain haloalkyl (haloalkenyl) silane.
- the alkenyl grinder used in the above reaction include commercially available Grignard reagents and those prepared by reacting magnesium with an arbitrary halide.
- any organic solvent can be used as the solvent, it is preferable to use ethers for ease of synthesis.
- a dehydrated solvent can be used if necessary.
- the ratio of the solvent and the haloalkylhalosilane can be arbitrarily selected. However, if the amount of the solvent is small, the yield may decrease due to heat generation, and if the amount of the solvent is large, the reaction takes time. To 1000: 1.
- the Grignard reagent should just be contained in the molar ratio with respect to the halogen couple
- the reaction can be performed at room temperature or can be heated.
- the haloalkyl (haloalkenyl) silane is hydrosilylated with alkoxyhydrosilane or halohydrosilane to obtain haloalkylsilylalkylsilane.
- This may be an organosilicon compound precursor, or when the terminal is a halosilane, allyl grinder or alcohol, imidazole or the like may be further acted on to induce a desired organosilicon compound precursor.
- the haloalkyl group may be converted into a form suitable for introducing a metal coordination part, if necessary.
- a radical initiator may be used for the hydrosilylation reaction, and a noble metal catalyst such as platinum or iridium may be used.
- radical initiators or noble metal catalysts may be added in any amount as long as the reaction proceeds.
- the ratio of the haloalkyl (haloalkenyl) silane to the radical initiator or noble metal catalyst is 1000: 1 to 1: 10.
- any organic solvent in which haloalkyl (haloalkenyl) silane, alkoxyhydrosilane, halohydrosilane, or the like can be dissolved can be used as the solvent, but a dehydrated solvent can also be used if necessary.
- the ratio of the solvent and the haloalkyl (haloalkenyl) silane can be arbitrarily selected. However, if the amount of the solvent is small, the yield may decrease due to heat generation.
- the reaction takes time. 1: 1 to 1000: 1.
- the alkoxyhydrosilane or halohydrosilane may be contained in an equivalent amount or more in molar ratio with respect to the haloalkyl (haloalkenyl) silane.
- the reaction can be performed at room temperature or can be heated.
- various organosilicon compounds of the present application can be obtained by allowing an alkali metal salt of a heteroelement compound to act on the organosilicon compound precursor to cause a coupling reaction.
- the solvent any organic solvent in which the organosilicon compound precursor and the alkali metal salt of the heteroelement compound are dissolved can be used, but a dehydrated solvent can also be used if necessary.
- the ratio of the solvent and the organosilicon compound precursor can be arbitrarily selected. However, if the amount of the solvent is small, the yield may decrease due to heat generation, and if the amount of the solvent is large, the reaction takes time. : 1 to 1000: 1.
- the alkali metal salt of a hetero element compound should just be contained in the molar ratio with respect to the organosilicon compound precursor more than equivalent amount.
- the reaction can be performed at room temperature or can be heated.
- the obtained organosilicon compound may be used as it is or may be purified by means such as silica gel column chromatography.
- the inorganic oxide material which is the other raw material of the composite material of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an inorganic oxide material conventionally used in this type of solid catalyst.
- an inorganic oxide material for example, a single oxide of titanium, silicon, aluminum, zirconium, magnesium, or a composite oxide containing them can be given.
- oxides such as silica, alumina, magnesia, titania and zirconia or composite oxides such as aluminosilicate and titanosilicate, ordered mesoporous materials such as MCM-41, SBA-15 and FSM-16 And any one of zeolite such as crystalline aluminosilicate, metallosilicate, aluminophosphate, silicaaluminophosphate, mesoporous material, porous glass, clay mineral, or a mixture thereof.
- zeolite such as crystalline aluminosilicate, metallosilicate, aluminophosphate, silicaaluminophosphate, mesoporous material, porous glass, clay mineral, or a mixture thereof.
- titania, silica, alumina, zirconia or a composite oxide thereof is preferable, and metal oxides containing silicon such as silica, zeolite, mesoporous silica, porous glass, silica alumina, and silica aluminophosphate are particularly preferable.
- oxygen atoms capable of bonding to the organosilicon compound exist on the surface of the inorganic oxide material.
- the inorganic oxide material preferably has an average pore diameter of 0.5 to 500 nm, and more preferably has an average pore diameter of 1 to 100 nm.
- the inorganic oxide material is preferably porous and has a large surface area, for example, a specific surface area of 100 to 1500 m 2 / g. Is preferred. This specific surface area can be calculated by the BET method or the like.
- the inorganic oxide material and the organosilicon compound may be mixed in a solvent.
- a solvent used in that case, various solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- the solvent include aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons such as pentane and hexane, and organic solvents such as alcohols such as methanol and ethanol.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene
- aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons such as pentane and hexane
- organic solvents such as alcohols such as methanol and ethanol.
- the ratio of the solvent and the inorganic oxide material is preferably 1:10 to 100: 1 by volume.
- the ratio between the organic silicon compound and the inorganic oxide material can be arbitrarily selected. However, if the amount of the organic silicon compound is too small, the concentration of the organic silicon compound on the organic-inorganic composite material will be dilute, and conversely too large.
- the volume ratio is preferably 1: 1000 to 100: 1. During mixing, it is possible to keep at room temperature, but it may be heated.
- the composite material of the present invention thus obtained is firmly bonded to the surface of the inorganic oxide material through the silicon atom of the group containing reactive silicon at the molecular terminal bonded to at least two organic silicon compounds. Yes.
- the composite materials of the present invention described so far are used in various applications in organic-inorganic composite materials that require a strong bond between organic and inorganic materials, such as catalysts, catalyst precursors, metal species scavengers, separations.
- organic-inorganic composite catalyst hereinafter referred to as “the catalyst of the present invention”
- the catalyst of the present invention in combination with a transition metal or a compound thereof.
- the transition metal or a compound thereof may be supported on the composite material of the present invention, for example, by means such as coordination.
- the organosilicon compound itself may be supported between the organosilicon compound and the inorganic oxide material, or on the inorganic oxide material itself.
- a method of supporting the transition metal or a compound thereof on the composite material of the present invention a method of reacting the composite material of the present invention obtained as described above by mixing the transition metal or the compound in a solvent, A method in which a transition metal or a compound thereof is previously bonded to a substituent having an ability to coordinate with a transition metal of an organosilicon compound by mixing in a solvent, and then bonded to an inorganic oxide material, an inorganic oxide Examples thereof include a method in which a transition metal or a compound thereof is immobilized on a material in advance and an organosilicon compound is bonded thereto.
- the ratio of the composite material of the present invention to the transition metal or a compound thereof can be arbitrarily selected, but is preferably 1: 100 to 10,000: 1 by weight.
- the solvent to be used can be arbitrarily selected from those capable of dissolving the transition metal compound to be bonded.
- the transition metal or compound thereof used in the catalyst of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has catalytic activity, and examples thereof include transition metal salts, homo- or hetero-binuclear complexes, simple metals, and clusters. Furthermore, the transition metal or a compound thereof may have an organic substituent or a ligand.
- the metal species of the transition metal is preferably a late transition metal, for example, a Group 8 transition metal or a noble metal. Specific examples of such metal species include ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, and gold.
- the catalyst of the present invention can be used as a catalyst for various reactions.
- For coupling reactions such as homo-coupling and cross-coupling reactions, hydrosilylation, carbonylation, hydroformylation, Michael addition, hydrogenation ( It is effective as a catalyst for addition reactions such as asymmetric hydrogenation, and is particularly effective as a catalyst for cross-coupling reaction or hydrogenation reaction.
- the cross-coupling reaction is a reaction that selectively binds two different chemical species, unlike a homo-coupling reaction that binds two identical chemical species, and uses a transition metal as a catalyst. It is a reaction characterized by proceeding with.
- the transition metal or a compound thereof is preferably platinum, palladium, or nickel.
- Typical examples of the cross-coupling reaction include the following, but the catalyst of the present invention is effective for any of these cross-coupling reactions (1) Suzuki coupling reaction Reactions in which organoboron compounds and organic halides are cross-coupled under basic conditions using transition metals such as palladium as catalysts (2) Mizorogi-Heck coupling reaction Basic reactions using transition metals such as palladium as catalysts Reaction to synthesize alkenyl aryl compounds by cross-coupling terminal alkenes and aryl halides under conditions (3) Negishi coupling reaction Organo zinc compounds and organic halides using transition metals such as palladium and nickel as catalysts (4) Stille coupling reaction Transition of palladium, etc.
- Examples of the base coexisting in the cross-coupling reaction system include both organic bases and inorganic bases, but inorganic bases are preferred.
- Specific examples of the inorganic base include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium acetate and the like.
- Solvents include organic solvents such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, ethers such as diethyl ether, dibutyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons such as pentane and hexane, and alcohols such as methanol and ethanol. Or water etc. are mentioned.
- the catalyst of the present invention after the cross-coupling reaction can be separated by filtration or the like, it can be reused as it is as a catalyst for the cross-coupling reaction.
- the product after the cross-coupling reaction can be easily separated by an ordinary purification and isolation method such as distillation and recrystallization after removing the catalyst of the present invention by filtration or the like.
- the hydrogenation reaction is a reduction reaction in which a hydrogen atom is added to a compound by a reducing agent.
- the raw material used for the hydrogenation reaction include compounds having an unsaturated bond in the molecule.
- the transition metal of the catalyst of the present invention used in this reaction or a compound thereof ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, gold or a compound containing them is preferably used.
- a solvent is not always necessary, but various solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, ethers such as diethyl ether, dibutyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons such as pentane and hexane, alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, etc.
- Organic solvent or water When using a solvent, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, ethers such as diethyl ether, dibutyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons such as pentane and hexane, alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, etc.
- Organic solvent or water When using a solvent, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, ethers such as diethyl ether, dibutyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, aliphatic saturated
- the catalyst of the present invention after the hydrogenation reaction can be separated by filtration or the like, it can be reused as it is as a catalyst for the hydrogenation reaction. Further, separation of the product after the hydrogenation reaction can be easily carried out by ordinary purification and isolation methods such as distillation and recrystallization after removing the catalyst by filtration or the like.
- Example 2 Synthesis of organosilicon compound (2): 1.93 g (3.36 mmol) of compound III synthesized in Example 1 above, 0.68 g (8.38 mmol) of potassium cyanate, 0.13 g (0.78 g) of potassium iodide in 5 ml of DMF. The mixture was heated to 100 ° C. and reacted for 2 hours. After the reaction, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, 10 ml of hexane was added to the reaction solution, insoluble matters were filtered off, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and 1.53 g of Compound V, an organosilicon compound, was obtained. NMR of this compound V was measured. The results are shown below.
- organic-inorganic composite material 2-19 Preparation of organic-inorganic composite material: 0.45 g (0.78 mmol) of Compound III was refluxed in heptane for 48 hours in an argon atmosphere together with 2.1 g of silica powder (BET specific surface area: 1039 m 2 / g, average pore size: 4 nm). Filtration, washing, and drying under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. yielded an organic-inorganic composite material corresponding to No. 2-19 in Table 2 (hereinafter referred to as “organic-inorganic composite material 2-19”). The amount of immobilized ligand immobilized in the organic-inorganic composite material 2-19 determined by elemental analysis was 0.33 mmol / g.
- the obtained organic-inorganic composite material 2-19 was subjected to 29 Si CP-MAS NMR spectrum analysis. The result is shown in FIG. The organic-inorganic composite material 2-19 was found to have a strong bond between the silicon compound and silica gel at three points.
- organic-inorganic composite material 2-25 0.23 g of tris [(dimethylallylsilyl) propyl] diphenylphosphinopropylsilane (corresponding to No. 1-1 in Table 1) of Compound IV was added to silica powder (BET specific surface area: 1039 m 2 / g, average fine The mixture was refluxed in toluene in an argon atmosphere for 88 hours together with 3.5 g (pore diameter: 4 nm), filtered, washed, and dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C., and organics corresponding to No. 2-25 in Table 2 An inorganic composite material (hereinafter referred to as “organic-inorganic composite material 2-25”) was obtained.
- the amount of immobilized ligand immobilized in the organic-inorganic composite material 2-25 determined by elemental analysis was 0.07 mmol / g.
- the obtained organic-inorganic composite material 2-25 was subjected to 29 Si CP-MAS NMR spectrum analysis. The result is shown in FIG.
- the organic-inorganic composite material 2-25 was found to have a strong bond between the silicon compound and silica gel at two points.
- Example 5 Preparation of catalyst for Suzuki coupling reaction: 1 g of the organic-inorganic composite material 2-25 immobilized with the ligand prepared in Example 4 and 2.6 mg of palladium acetate were stirred in THF for 24 hours at room temperature. Then, it filtered and wash
- Suzuki coupling reaction was performed using the organic-inorganic composite catalyst 1 obtained in Example 5 above. That is, 1 ml of p-bromobenzoic acid, 846 mg of phenylboronic acid (1.1-fold mol with respect to p-bromobenzoic acid), 1692 mg of potassium carbonate (2-fold mol with respect to p-bromobenzoic acid), internal 1 ml of p-tert-butyltoluene which is a standard substance, 250 mg of organic / inorganic composite catalyst 1 obtained in Example 5 (0.05 mol% in terms of Pd with respect to p-bromobenzoic acid), and 6 ml of toluene The mixture was stirred at 100 ° C. for 5 hours. The yield of ethyl biphenylbenzoate determined by gas chromatography was 84%. The amount of Pd eluted into the product at this time was below the lower limit of detection.
- Example 10 Preparation of hydrogenation catalyst: To 0.7 g of silica powder vacuum-dried at 80 ° C. (BET specific surface area: 1039 m 2 / g, average pore size: 4 nm), 10 ml of a toluene solution of 0.13 g (0.13 mmol) of Compound VI was added at room temperature. Thereafter, the mixture was heated to reflux for 72 hours. The obtained solid was washed with a solvent and dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. to obtain an organic-inorganic composite material corresponding to No. 2-13 in Table 2 (hereinafter “organic-inorganic composite material 2-13”). The amount of compound VI supported on the organic-inorganic composite material 2-13 determined by elemental analysis was 0.33 mmol / g.
- Example 11 Asymmetric hydrogenation reaction: The organic-inorganic composite material 2-13 (50 mg) and bis (cyclooctadiene) rhodium (I) tetrafluoroborate 2 mg (4.9 mmol) were stirred in 3 ml of methanol under 1 atmosphere of hydrogen at room temperature for 30 minutes. 105 mg (0.51 mmol) of ⁇ - (acetamido) cinnamic acid was added and reacted at room temperature for 30 minutes to obtain N-acetyl-phenylalanine. The enantiomeric excess of Form D determined by HPLC analysis (manufactured by Daicel: Chirace AD-H) was 97% ee.
- Example 12 Preparation of organic-inorganic composite material: 10 ml of methanol solution (40%) of methylamine was added to the organic-inorganic composite material 2-19 (1.0 g) prepared in Example 3. After reacting at 80 ° C. for 20 hours, the obtained solid was washed with a solvent, dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C., and an organic-inorganic composite material corresponding to No. 2-22 in Table 2 (hereinafter referred to as “organic-inorganic composite”). Material 2-22 ”) was obtained.
- Example 13 Preparation of catalyst for Suzuki coupling reaction: 0.3 g of the organic-inorganic composite material 2-22 on which the ligand prepared in Example 12 above was immobilized and 4.0 mg of palladium acetate were stirred in THF for 24 hours at room temperature. Then, it filtered and wash
- Suzuki coupling reaction was performed using the organic-inorganic composite catalyst 2 obtained in Example 13 above. That is, 1 ml of p-bromobenzoic acid, 846 mg of phenylboronic acid (1.1-fold mol with respect to p-bromobenzoic acid), 1692 mg of potassium carbonate (2-fold mol with respect to p-bromobenzoic acid), internal 1 ml of standard substance p-tert-butyltoluene, 60 mg of organic-inorganic composite catalyst 2 obtained in Example 14 (0.05 mol% in terms of Pd with respect to p-bromobenzoic acid), 6 ml of toluene The mixture was stirred at 100 ° C. for 1 hour. The yield of ethyl biphenylbenzoate determined by gas chromatography was 100%. The amount of Pd eluted into the product at this time was below the lower limit of detection.
- Example 15 Preparation of organic-inorganic composite material: The organic-inorganic composite material 2-19 (0.5 g) prepared in Example 3 and a potassium diphenyl phosphide solution in THF (0.5 mol / L) were heated to reflux in 30 ml of THF for 17 hours. The obtained solid was washed with a solvent and dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. to obtain an organic-inorganic composite material corresponding to No. 2-1 in Table 2 (hereinafter referred to as “organic-inorganic composite material 2-1”).
- Example 16 Preparation of catalyst for Suzuki coupling reaction: 0.37 g of the organic-inorganic composite material 2-1 having the ligand prepared in Example 15 immobilized thereon and 3.3 mg of palladium acetate were stirred in THF at room temperature for 24 hours. Then, it filtered and wash
- Suzuki coupling reaction was performed using the organic-inorganic composite catalyst 3 obtained in Example 16 above. That is, 1 ml of p-bromobenzoic acid, 846 mg of phenylboronic acid (1.1-fold mol with respect to p-bromobenzoic acid), 1692 mg of potassium carbonate (2-fold mol with respect to p-bromobenzoic acid), internal 1 ml of p-tert-butyltoluene which is a standard substance, 77 mg of organic-inorganic composite catalyst 3 obtained in Example 14 (0.05 mol% in terms of Pd with respect to p-bromobenzoic acid), and 6 ml of toluene The mixture was stirred at 100 ° C. for 5 hours. The yield of ethyl biphenylbenzoate determined by gas chromatography was 81%. The amount of Pd eluted into the product at this time was below the lower limit of detection.
- Example 18 Preparation of organic-inorganic composite material: To the organic-inorganic composite material 2-19 (1.0 g) prepared in Example 3, 1.34 g of 1- (2,6-diisopropylphenyl) -1H-imidazole and 10 ml of toluene were added. After reacting for 4 days under reflux with heating, the obtained solid was washed with a solvent and dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. to obtain an organic-inorganic composite material corresponding to No. 2-34 in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 1 Preparation of comparative organic-inorganic composite material A: 0.16 g (0.81 mmol) of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane was refluxed in heptane for 48 hours under argon atmosphere together with 2.1 g of silica powder (BET specific surface area: 1039 m 2 / g, average pore size: 4 nm). Then, filtration, washing, and drying under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. were performed to obtain a comparative organic-inorganic composite material A. The amount of immobilized ligand in the comparative organic-inorganic composite material A obtained from elemental analysis was 1.23 mmol / g.
- Comparative Example 2 Preparation of comparative organic-inorganic composite material B: 0.16 g (0.91 mmol) of 3-chloropropyldimethylmethoxysilane was combined with 2.1 g of silica powder (BET specific surface area: 1039 m 2 / g, average pore diameter: 4 nm) in heptane for 48 hours under an argon atmosphere. After refluxing, filtration, washing, and drying under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. were performed to obtain an organic-inorganic composite material B. The amount of the immobilized ligand in the organic-inorganic composite material B determined by elemental analysis was 1.19 mmol / g.
- the organic-inorganic composite material of the present invention has excellent leaching resistance as compared with the conventional material.
- the organic-inorganic composite material of the present invention is useful for catalysts, catalyst precursors, metal species scavengers, separation gels, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
ル基、イミダゾリル基、Yは、水酸基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、イソシア
ナト基、メルカプト基、ホスフィノ基、アミノ基、イミノ基、ハロゲン、複素環
の一つ以上を含む一価の有機基、Aは、二価の炭化水素基、Rはメチル基、
エチル基、ブチル基、フェニル基、Qはメチル基、エチル基、ブチル基、
フェニル基を示し、kは1~3の整数、nは1または2、mは2または3、
lは0または1を示し、l+m+nは4である。)
または下記一般式(2)
ル基、イミダゾリル基、Y'は、ハロゲンを含む一価の有機基、A'は、二価の炭化水
素基、R'はメチル基、エチル基、ブチル基、フェニル基、Q'はメチル基、
エチル基、ブチル基、フェニル基を示し、eは1~3の整数、fは2または3、
hは1または2、gは0または1を示し、f+h+gは4である。)
で示される有機ケイ素化合物およびその前駆体である。
X"dQ"3-dSi-A"- (3)
この式において、X"は、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素、シロキシ基、ヒドロキシ基、アルコキシ基、アリル基、イミダゾリル基を示し、好ましくは塩素、アルコキシ基、アリル基、イミダゾリル基である。また、X"のアルコキシ基としては、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基、イソプロポキシ基、t-ブトキシ基等の炭素数が1~10のものが好ましい。Q"はメチル基、エチル基、ブチル基、フェニル基を示し、好ましくは合成の容易さ、原料の入手の容易さからメチル基である。A"は2価の炭化水素基で、好ましくは炭素数2以上の直鎖のアルキレン基、特に好ましくはプロピレン基である。dは1~3の整数である。
(1)鈴木カップリング反応
パラジウム等の遷移金属を触媒に用いて塩基性条件下、有機ホウ素化合物と有機ハロゲン化物等をクロスカップリングさせる反応
(2)溝呂木-ヘックカップリング反応
パラジウム等の遷移金属を触媒に用いて塩基性条件下、末端アルケンとハロゲン化アリール等をクロスカップリングさせアルケニルアリール化合物を合成する反応
(3)根岸カップリング反応
パラジウム、ニッケル等の遷移金属を触媒に用いて、有機亜鉛化合物と有機ハロゲン化物等をクロスカップリングさせる反応
(4)スティレカップリング反応
パラジウム等の遷移金属を触媒に用いて、有機スズ化合物と有機ハロゲン化物等をクロスカップリングさせる反応
(5)辻-トロストカップリング反応
パラジウム等の遷移金属を触媒に用いて塩基性下、アリルエステル等と有機求核剤をクロスカップリングさせアリル位アルキル化生成物を合成する反応
(6)薗頭カップリング反応
パラジウム等の遷移金属を触媒に用いて塩基性条件下、末端アルキンとハロゲン化アリール等をクロスカップリングさせアルキニルアリール化合物を合成する反応
(7)熊田-玉尾カップリング反応
ニッケル、パラジウム等の遷移金属を触媒に用いて、グリニャール試薬と有機ハロゲン化物等をクロスカップリングさせる反応
(8)ブッフバルト-ハートウィックカップリング反応
パラジウム等の遷移金属を触媒に用いて塩基性条件下、ハロゲン化アリールとアミンまたはアルコールをクロスカップリングさせアリールアミンまたはアリールエーテルを合成する反応
有機ケイ素化合物の合成(1):
3-ブロモプロピルトリクロロシラン(化合物I)の14.0g(54.6mmol)、アリルマグネシウムクロライドTHF溶液の82ml(アリルマグネシウムクロライドを163.8mmol含む)を、280mlのTHF中、室温で5時間反応させた。反応後、水溶性塩類を除去し、更に、乾燥、蒸留し、目的化合物である3-ブロモプロピルトリアリルシラン(化合物II)を11.2g得た。
0.02(s, 18H), 0.61-0.68(m, 12H), 0.78-0.88(m, 2H), 1.40-1.52(m, 12H), 2.05-2.09(m, 4H), 4.92(d, J=15.9Hz, 6H), 5.74-5.83(m, 3H), 7.0-7.14(m,6H), 7.42(t, J=6.1Hz, 4H)
有機ケイ素化合物の合成(2):
上記実施例1で合成した化合物IIIの1.93g(3.36mmol)、カリウムシアナートの0.68g(8.38mmol)、よう化カリウムの0.13g(0.78g)を、5mlのDMF中、100℃に加熱し、2時間反応させた。反応後、室温まで冷却し、反応溶液にヘキサン10mlを加え、不溶物をろ過した後、減圧下で溶媒を留去し、有機ケイ素化合物である化合物Vを1.53g得た。この化合物VについてNMRを測定した。その結果を以下に示した。
-0.03(s, 18H), 0.48-0.59(m, 14H), 1.26-1.34(m, 8H), 1.48(d, J=8.1Hz, 6H), 3.23(t, J=6.7Hz, 1H), 4.80(d, J=7.9Hz, 3H), 4.81(d, J=17.8Hz, 3H), 5.76(ddt, J=17.8, 7.9, 6.7Hz, 3H)
-0.05(s, 18H), 0.48-0.59(m, 14H), 1.23-1.31(m, 8H), 1.48(d, J=8.1Hz, 6H), 1.60(br, 1H), 2.12(dd, J=11.9, 10.7Hz, 1H), 2.27-2.29(m, 1H), 2.79-2.82(m, 1H), 3.01-3.06(m, 3H), 3.18(q, J=9.8Hz, 1H), 3.53(br, 1H), 3.85-3.94(m, 2H), 4.79(d, J=9.2Hz, 3H), 4.80(d, J=17.3Hz, 3H), 5.73(ddt, J=17.3, 9.2, 8.1Hz, 3H), 7.24-7.39(m, 16H), 7.41-7.45(m, 2H), 7.52-7.56(m, 2H)
有機無機複合材料の調製:
化合物IIIの0.45g(0.78mmol)を、シリカ粉末(BET比表面積:1039m2/g、平均細孔径:4nm)の2.1gとともにアルゴン雰囲気下、ヘプタン中で48時間還流を行った後、ろ過、洗浄、80℃での減圧乾燥を行い、表2中のNo.2-19に該当する有機無機複合材料(以下、「有機無機複合材料2-19」という)を得た。元素分析より求めた有機無機複合材料2-19における固定化された配位子の固定化量は0.33mmol/gであった。得られた有機無機複合材料2-19について29Si CP-MAS NMRスペクトル解析を行った。その結果を図1に示す。有機無機複合材料2-19は3点でケイ素化合物とシリカゲルとが強固に結合ししている事がわかった。
有機無機複合材料の調製:
化合物IVのトリス[(ジメチルアリルシリル)プロピル]ジフェニルホスフィノプロピルシラン(表1中のNo.1-1に該当)の0.23gを、シリカ粉末(BET比表面積:1039m2/g、平均細孔径:4nm)の3.5gとともにアルゴン雰囲気下、トルエン中で88時間還流を行った後、ろ過、洗浄、80℃での減圧乾燥を行い、表2中のNo.2-25に該当する有機無機複合材料(以下、「有機無機複合材料2-25」という)を得た。元素分析より求めた有機無機複合材料2-25における固定化された配位子の固定化量は0.07mmol/gであった。得られた有機無機複合材料2-25について29Si CP-MAS NMRスペクトル解析を行った。その結果を図2に示す。有機無機複合材料2-25は2点でケイ素化合物とシリカゲルとが強固に結合ししている事がわかった。
鈴木カップリング反応用触媒の調製:
上記実施例4で調製した配位子を固定化した有機無機複合材料2-25の1gと酢酸パラジウム2.6mgをTHF中で24時間、室温にて撹拌した。その後、ろ過、洗浄を行い80℃で減圧乾燥を行い、有機無機複合触媒1を得た。有機無機複合触媒1の調製で生じたろ液中のPdを定量したところ分析下限値以下であった。
鈴木カップリング反応:
上記実施例5で得られた有機無機複合触媒1を用いて鈴木カップリング反応を行った。すなわち、p-ブロモ安息香酸の1ml、フェニルボロン酸の846mg(p-ブロモ安息香酸に対して1.1倍モル)、炭酸カリウムの1692mg(p-ブロモ安息香酸に対して2倍モル)、内標準物質であるp-tert-ブチルトルエンを1ml、上記実施例5で得られた有機無機複合触媒1の250mg(p-ブロモ安息香酸に対してPd換算で0.05mol%)を、6mlのトルエン中、100℃で5時間撹拌した。ガスクロマトグラフィーでビフェニル安息香酸エチルの収率を求めたところ84%であった。このときのPdの生成物中への溶出量は検出下限値以下であった。
有機ケイ素化合物の合成(3):
3-ブロモプロピルトリアリルシラン(化合物II)6.0g(21.8mmol)、ジメチルクロロシラン0.34g(3.6mmol)、クロロ-1,5-シクロオクタジエン イリジウムダイマー16.2mg(0.024mmol)、1,5-シクロオクタジエン11.9mg(0.11mmol)を、1.2mlのトルエン中、60℃で1時間反応させた。反応後、室温まで冷却し、減圧下で溶媒を留去した。この反応混合物をジエチルエーテル80mlに溶解した後、イソプロピルアルコール10mlを加えた。次いで、トリエチルアミン18mlを滴下し、室温で18時間撹拌した。析出した塩をろ別し、減圧下で溶媒を留去した。シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン/酢酸エチル=100/1)で精製を行い、化合物VIIを12.0g得た。
0.05(s, 18H), 0.49-0.64(m, 14H), 1.11(d, J=6.2Hz, 18H), 1.26-1.40(m, 6H), 1.75-1.83(m, 2H), 3.34(t, J=7.0Hz, 2H), 3.94(sept,J=6.2Hz, 3H)
有機ケイ素化合物の合成(4):
化合物VIIの1.20g(3.36mmol)、カリウムシアナートの0.68g(8.38mmol)、よう化カリウムの0.13g(0.78g)を、5mlのDMF中、100℃に加熱し、2時間反応させた。反応後、室温まで冷却し、反応溶液にヘキサン10mlを加え、不溶物をろ過した後、減圧下で溶媒を留去し、有機ケイ素化合物である化合物VIIIを1.53g得た。この化合物VIIIについてNMRを測定した。その結果を以下に示した。
0.06(s, 18H), 0.49-0.64(m, 14H), 1.11(d, J=6.2Hz, 18H), 1.26-1.40(m, 6H), 1.75-1.83(m, 2H), 3.21(t, J=6.6Hz, 2H), 3.96(sept,J=6.2Hz,3H)
有機ケイ素化合物の合成(5):
化合物VIIIの0.71g(1.49mmol)、(2S,4S)-4-(ジフェニルホスフィノ)-2-[(ジフェニルホスフィノ)メチル]ピロリジン0.50g(1.10mmol)を、10mlの塩化メチレン中、室温で15時間反応させた。反応後、減圧下で溶媒を留去し、更にシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン/酢酸エチル=4/1)にて精製し、有機ケイ素化合物である化合物1-32を0.36g得た。この化合物IXについてNMRを測定した。その結果を以下に示した。
0.11(s, 18H), 0.48-0.59(m, 14H), 1.06(d,J=6.2Hz)1.23-1.31(m, 8H), 1.60(br, 1H),2.27-2.29 (m, 1H), 2.79-2.82(m, 1H), 3.01-3.06(m, 3H), 3.18(q, J=9.8Hz, 1H), 3.53(br, 1H), 3.71-3.83(m, 2H), 3.91(sept,J=6.2Hz,6H, )7.24-7.39(m, 16H),7.41-7.45(m, 2H), 7.52-7.56(m, 2H)
水素化反応用触媒の調製:
80℃で真空乾燥したシリカ粉末(BET比表面積:1039m2/g、平均細孔径:4nm)の0.7gに、化合物VIの0.13g(0.13mmol)のトルエン溶液10mlを室温で加えた後、72時間加熱還流した。得られた固体を溶媒で洗浄し、80℃で減圧乾燥して表2中のNo.2-13に該当する有機無機複合材料(以下、「有機無機複合材料2-13」)を得た。元素分析より求めた有機無機複合材料2-13における化合物VIの担持量は、0.33mmol/gであった。
不斉水素化反応:
有機無機複合材料2-13(50mg)とビス(シクロオクタジエン)ロジウム(I)テトラフルオロボレート2mg(4.9mmol)を3mlのメタノール中、1気圧の水素雰囲気下、室温で30分撹拌した。α-(アセトアミド)けい皮酸の105mg(0.51mmol)を加え、室温で30分間反応させ、N-アセチル-フェニルアラニンを得た。HPLC分析(ダイセル製:Chirace AD-H)にて決定したD体の鏡像異性体過剰率は、97%e.e.であった。
有機無機複合材料の調製:
実施例3で調製した有機無機複合材料2-19(1.0g)にメチルアミンのメタノール溶液(40%)を10ml加えた。80℃で20時間反応させた後、得られた固体を溶媒で洗浄し、80℃で減圧乾燥して表2中のNo.2-22に該当する有機無機複合材料(以下、「有機無機複合材料2-22」)を得た。
鈴木カップリング反応用触媒の調製:
上記実施例12で調製した配位子を固定化した有機無機複合材料2-22の0.3gと酢酸パラジウム4.0mgをTHF中で24時間、室温にて撹拌した。その後、ろ過、洗浄を行い80℃で減圧乾燥を行い、有機無機複合触媒2を得た。有機無機複合触媒2の調製で生じたろ液中のPdを定量したところ分析下限値以下であった。
鈴木カップリング反応:
上記実施例13で得られた有機無機複合触媒2を用いて鈴木カップリング反応を行った。すなわち、p-ブロモ安息香酸の1ml、フェニルボロン酸の846mg(p-ブロモ安息香酸に対して1.1倍モル)、炭酸カリウムの1692mg(p-ブロモ安息香酸に対して2倍モル)、内標準物質であるp-tert-ブチルトルエンを1ml、上記実施例14で得られた有機無機複合触媒2の60mg(p-ブロモ安息香酸に対してPd換算で0.05mol%)を、6mlのトルエン中、100℃で1時間撹拌した。ガスクロマトグラフィーでビフェニル安息香酸エチルの収率を求めたところ100%であった。このときのPdの生成物中への溶出量は検出下限値以下であった。
有機無機複合材料の調製:
実施例3で調製した有機無機複合材料2-19(0.5g)とジフェニルリン化カリウムのTHF溶液(0.5mol/L)を30mlのTHF中で17時間加熱還流させた。得られた固体を溶媒で洗浄し、80℃で減圧乾燥して表2中のNo.2-1に該当する有機無機複合材料(以下、「有機無機複合材料2-1」)を得た。
鈴木カップリング反応用触媒の調製:
上記実施例15で調製した配位子を固定化した有機無機複合材料2-1の0.37gと酢酸パラジウム3.3mgをTHF中で24時間、室温にて撹拌した。その後、ろ過、洗浄を行い80℃で減圧乾燥を行い、有機無機複合触媒3を得た。有機無機複合触媒3の調製で生じたろ液中のPdを定量したところ分析下限値以下であった。
鈴木カップリング反応:
上記実施例16で得られた有機無機複合触媒3を用いて鈴木カップリング反応を行った。すなわち、p-ブロモ安息香酸の1ml、フェニルボロン酸の846mg(p-ブロモ安息香酸に対して1.1倍モル)、炭酸カリウムの1692mg(p-ブロモ安息香酸に対して2倍モル)、内標準物質であるp-tert-ブチルトルエンを1ml、上記実施例14で得られた有機無機複合触媒3の77mg(p-ブロモ安息香酸に対してPd換算で0.05mol%)を、6mlのトルエン中、100℃で5時間撹拌した。ガスクロマトグラフィーでビフェニル安息香酸エチルの収率を求めたところ81%であった。このときのPdの生成物中への溶出量は検出下限値以下であった。
有機無機複合材料の調製:
実施例3で調製した有機無機複合材料2-19(1.0g)に1-(2,6-ジイソプロピルフェニル)-1H-イミダゾールを1.34gとトルエン10mlを加えた。加熱還流下で4日間反応させた後、得られた固体を溶媒で洗浄し、80℃で減圧乾燥して表2中のNo.2-34に該当する有機無機複合材料を得た。
比較有機無機複合材料Aの調製:
3-クロロプロピルトリメトキシシラン0.16g(0.81mmol)を、シリカ粉末(BET比表面積:1039m2/g、平均細孔径:4nm)の2.1gとともにアルゴン雰囲気下、ヘプタン中で48時間還流を行った後、ろ過、洗浄、80℃での減圧乾燥を行い、比較有機無機複合材料Aを得た。元素分析より求めた比較有機無機複合材料Aにおける固定化された配位子の固定化量は1.23mmol/gであった。
比較有機無機複合材料Bの調製:
3-クロロプロピルジメチルメトキシシシラン0.16g(0.91mmol)を、シリカ粉末(BET比表面積:1039m2/g、平均細孔径:4nm)の2.1gとともにアルゴン雰囲気下、ヘプタン中で48時間還流を行った後、ろ過、洗浄、80℃での減圧乾燥を行い、有機無機複合材料Bを得た。元素分析より求めた有機無機複合材料Bにおける固定化された配位子の固定化量は1.19mmol/gであった。
有機無機複合材料の耐リーチング性能評価:
実施例3で調製した有機無機複合材料2-19(0.1g)を水中、80℃で48時間撹拌して耐久試験をおこなった。耐久試験後の有機無機複合材料の元素分析により残存した有機物量を定量し、耐久試験前後の有機物量の差から有機成分のリーチング率を決定した。その結果を表3に示す。また、比較例1で調製した比較有機無機複合材料Aおよび比較例2で調製した比較有機無機複合材料Aについても上記と同様の方法により耐久試験を行い、リーチング率を決定した。それらの結果も表3に示す。
Claims (19)
- 有機ケイ素化合物を構成する1つのケイ素原子に、分子末端に反応性ケイ素を含有する基が少なくとも2つ以上結合している有機ケイ素化合物と、無機酸化物材料とを、前記有機ケイ素化合物の複数の反応性ケイ素を含有する基を介して結合せしめてなる有機無機複合材料。
- 無機酸化物材料の表面の酸素原子と、反応性ケイ素を含有する基のケイ素原子が共有結合しているものである請求項1記載の有機無機複合材料。
- 分子末端に反応性ケイ素を含有する基が、炭素数2以上の直鎖のアルキレン基と反応性ケイ素が結合したものである請求項1または2記載の有機無機複合材料。
- 有機ケイ素化合物が、これを構成する一つのケイ素原子において、分子末端に反応性ケイ素を含有する基を有する置換基を3つおよび分子末端に遷移金属またはその化合物を担持する能力を有する置換基を1つ結合したものである請求項1記載の有機無機複合材料。
- 無機酸化物材料が、チタン、ケイ素、アルミニウム、ジルコニウム、マグネシウムの単独酸化物またはそれらを含む複合酸化物である請求項1ないし4の何れかに記載の有機無機複合材料。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の有機無機複合材料に遷移金属またはその化合物を担持させてなる有機無機複合触媒。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の有機無機複合材料と遷移金属またはその化合物を含むクロスカップリング反応用触媒。
- 遷移金属またはその化合物が、白金、パラジウム、ニッケルまたはそれらを含む化合物である請求項9記載のクロスカップリング反応用触媒。
- 請求項9または10記載のクロスカップリング反応用触媒を用いるクロスカップリング反応方法。
- 請求項11記載のクロスカップリング反応方法により得られる反応合成物。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の有機無機複合材料と遷移金属またはその化合物を含む水素化反応用触媒。
- 遷移金属またはその化合物が、ルテニウム、コバルト、ロジウム、イリジウム、ニッケル、パラジウム、白金、金またはそれらを含む化合物である請求項13記載の水素化反応用触媒。
- 請求項13または14記載の水素化反応用触媒を用いる水素化反応方法。
- 請求項15記載の水素化反応方法により得られた反応合成物。
- 請求項17または18記載の有機ケイ素化合物の前躯体。
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| WO2020054134A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-03-19 | エヌ・イーケムキャット株式会社 | 有機無機複合材料 |
| JP2020083813A (ja) * | 2018-11-26 | 2020-06-04 | 帝人株式会社 | フルオレン骨格を有する化合物の製造方法および不純物の少ないフルオレン骨格を有する化合物 |
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- 2009-03-05 US US12/865,877 patent/US8507630B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-03-05 WO PCT/JP2009/054128 patent/WO2009110531A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2009-03-05 EP EP09717502.0A patent/EP2248819B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014051447A (ja) * | 2012-09-06 | 2014-03-20 | Wako Pure Chem Ind Ltd | スルホキシド基含有パラジウム担持シリカの製造方法 |
| JP2014193457A (ja) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-10-09 | Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc | 固体触媒 |
| WO2020054134A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-03-19 | エヌ・イーケムキャット株式会社 | 有機無機複合材料 |
| KR20210044873A (ko) | 2018-09-14 | 2021-04-23 | 엔.이. 켐캣 가부시키가이샤 | 유기 무기 복합 재료 |
| JPWO2020054134A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-14 | 2021-08-30 | エヌ・イーケムキャット株式会社 | 有機無機複合材料 |
| JP2020083813A (ja) * | 2018-11-26 | 2020-06-04 | 帝人株式会社 | フルオレン骨格を有する化合物の製造方法および不純物の少ないフルオレン骨格を有する化合物 |
| JP2023011897A (ja) * | 2018-11-26 | 2023-01-24 | 帝人株式会社 | フルオレン骨格を有する化合物の製造方法および不純物の少ないフルオレン骨格を有する化合物 |
| JP7231389B2 (ja) | 2018-11-26 | 2023-03-01 | 帝人株式会社 | フルオレン骨格を有する化合物の製造方法および不純物の少ないフルオレン骨格を有する化合物 |
| JP7491980B2 (ja) | 2018-11-26 | 2024-05-28 | 帝人株式会社 | フルオレン骨格を有する化合物の製造方法および不純物の少ないフルオレン骨格を有する化合物 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2009110531A1 (ja) | 2011-07-14 |
| JP5532434B2 (ja) | 2014-06-25 |
| EP2248819A1 (en) | 2010-11-10 |
| EP2248819B1 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
| US20110004010A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
| US8507630B2 (en) | 2013-08-13 |
| EP2248819A4 (en) | 2012-07-11 |
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