WO2009157558A1 - 鼓膜または外耳道再生剤 - Google Patents
鼓膜または外耳道再生剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009157558A1 WO2009157558A1 PCT/JP2009/061767 JP2009061767W WO2009157558A1 WO 2009157558 A1 WO2009157558 A1 WO 2009157558A1 JP 2009061767 W JP2009061767 W JP 2009061767W WO 2009157558 A1 WO2009157558 A1 WO 2009157558A1
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- tympanic membrane
- ear canal
- gelatin sponge
- bfgf
- coating material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/56—Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/18—Growth factors; Growth regulators
- A61K38/1825—Fibroblast growth factor [FGF]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/42—Proteins; Polypeptides; Degradation products thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. albumin, gelatin or zein
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0046—Ear
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/14—Macromolecular materials
- A61L27/20—Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/14—Macromolecular materials
- A61L27/22—Polypeptides or derivatives thereof, e.g. degradation products
- A61L27/222—Gelatin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/14—Macromolecular materials
- A61L27/22—Polypeptides or derivatives thereof, e.g. degradation products
- A61L27/225—Fibrin; Fibrinogen
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/14—Macromolecular materials
- A61L27/22—Polypeptides or derivatives thereof, e.g. degradation products
- A61L27/227—Other specific proteins or polypeptides not covered by A61L27/222, A61L27/225 or A61L27/24
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- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
- A61L27/34—Macromolecular materials
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/54—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/16—Otologicals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F11/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the ears or hearing sense; Non-electric hearing aids; Methods or devices for enabling ear patients to achieve auditory perception through physiological senses other than hearing sense; Protective devices for the ears, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F11/20—Ear surgery
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/20—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials
- A61L2300/252—Polypeptides, proteins, e.g. glycoproteins, lipoproteins, cytokines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
- A61L2300/412—Tissue-regenerating or healing or proliferative agents
- A61L2300/414—Growth factors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2430/00—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
- A61L2430/14—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for ear reconstruction or ear implants, e.g. implantable hearing aids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tympanic membrane or ear canal regenerative agent comprising a combination of a gelatin sponge carrying basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and a coating material.
- bFGF basic fibroblast growth factor
- the eardrum If there is a tympanic membrane perforation, it is not only that the eardrum cannot capture enough sound, but the sound that has entered directly into the tympanic chamber enters through the round window of the cochlea and collides with the sound entered through the regular route in the cochlea. The cancellation effect will prevent further hearing (hearing of words).
- the middle ear is directly exposed to the ear canal side, and as a result, resistance to infection is reduced and otitis media is likely to occur.
- long-term infections cause sensorineural hearing loss and balance dysfunction due to decreased inner ear function. For these reasons, the eardrum is preferably closed as much as possible.
- the tympanic membrane closure has various treatments depending on the size of the perforation, but basically most of the current treatments are by surgery. In general, tympanic angioplasty and tympanoplasty are performed. In the former, skin incision at the back of the ear and collection / transplantation of autologous tissue, and in the latter, in addition to these operations, exfoliation of the external auditory canal is essential. When tympanic membrane perforation becomes large, autologous tissue (temporal fascia) transplantation as a substitute for the tympanic membrane becomes more difficult as a surgical technique. That is, even if surgery is performed, hearing ability does not always improve.
- Patent Document 1 a regenerative tympanic membrane regeneration method using a biocompatible scaffold material carrying a growth factor.
- basic fibroblast growth factor bFGF
- a sheet-like thin film such as a collagen film or chitin film is used as a scaffold material.
- Patent Document 2 a molded article for reconstruction of the external auditory canal using a cylindrical member of collagen containing bFGF is described.
- Non-patent Document 2 a method of covering the tympanic membrane perforated portion with amniotic membrane and adhering with fibrin glue has been reported.
- gelatin sponge is used as a hemostatic agent at the time of surgery, but it is also used as a sustained-release carrier for drugs in the treatment of ear diseases (Patent Document 3).
- an object of the present invention is to provide a novel tympanic membrane / ear canal regeneration agent that can repair a defect regardless of the size or position of the defect.
- the present inventor has found that all of the conventional techniques are performed by surrounding tissue along the bottom surface of the sheet-like scaffold material attached to the tympanic membrane perforation or the ear canal soft tissue defect. We focused on stretching and repairing the missing part. The idea of using a sheet-like material as a scaffold seems reasonable at first glance because it aims to regenerate a tissue that is originally a membrane.
- the tympanic membrane perforation or the outer ear canal soft tissue defect is only a flat part, it can be repaired, but the shape of the tympanic membrane is complicated, and the ear ossicles adhere, so the tympanic membrane defect becomes larger It becomes difficult to cover the whole with a flat sheet-like material. If the defect cannot be completely covered, the tympanic membrane cannot be repaired, or adhesion with surrounding tissues occurs, leaving a sequelae. The same applies to the soft tissue of the ear canal.
- the present inventor changed the conventional idea of using a sheet-like material and emphasized the use of a material that can cover the entire defect part in three dimensions, and used gelatin sponge as a scaffolding material.
- Gelatin sponge is a decomposition of collagen and is a material with a high degree of freedom compared to collagen, so it functions as a scaffold for cell growth, but does not interfere with the direction of cell growth. . Therefore, the purpose is not to extend the regenerated tissue along the bottom surface of the sheet-like material as in the prior art, but to allow the regenerated tissue to enter the gelatin sponge and extend. Further, at that time, fibrin glue or alginic acid or a salt thereof was applied to the sponge surface, and the sponge was covered and fixed to the defect.
- the present inventor is not merely an adhesive, but shuts off the regeneration site from the outside to improve the in vivo culture.
- the surface of the sponge was coated with a coating material for the purpose of creating a comfortable environment. From the same point of view, when the marginal part of the eardrum perforation or the outer ear canal soft tissue defect is old, the marginal part was refreshed with a scalpel or a protein-denaturing drug.
- the present inventor can also use a combination of a gelatin sponge carrying bFGF and a coating material to treat patients with severe tympanic membrane perforation and external auditory canal soft tissue deficiency that conventionally had to rely on surgery. It was confirmed that the eardrum and the ear canal can be reproduced inexpensively, simply and safely, and the present invention was completed.
- a tympanic membrane or ear canal regenerative agent comprising a gelatin sponge carrying a basic fibroblast growth factor and combined with a coating material.
- the coating material is fibrin glue, water-soluble polymer polysaccharide or a derivative thereof.
- the water-soluble polymer polysaccharide is chitin, chitosan, alginic acid or a salt thereof.
- a gelatin sponge carrying a therapeutically effective amount of basic fibroblast growth factor is placed in the tympanic membrane perforation or ear canal soft tissue deficient patient and covered with a coating material.
- Reproduction method of eardrum or ear canal including [6] The regeneration method according to [5], wherein the coating material is fibrin glue, water-soluble polymer polysaccharide or a derivative thereof.
- the regeneration method according to [6], wherein the water-soluble polymer polysaccharide is chitin, chitosan, alginic acid or a salt thereof.
- gelatin sponge As a scaffold material, it is possible to cover the entire deficit part of the eardrum or the ear canal in a three-dimensional manner, and the deficient part can be completely covered.
- the eardrum tissue regenerates by proceeding inside the gelatin sponge. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to repair the tympanic membrane and ear canal even in a large-scale or complicated defect. Further, by covering the surface of the gelatin sponge with a coating material, it is possible to prevent drying and infection and to create a good culture environment isolated from the outside. Furthermore, gelatin sponge is hydrolyzed and disappears within one month in vivo, which is advantageous for regeneration of tympanic membrane and ear canal soft tissue.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the ear canal regeneration treatment using the ear canal regeneration agent of this invention.
- A. The wound from which the cholesteatoma has been removed has soft tissue defects and bone exposure.
- B. The gelatin sponge mass is impregnated with bFGF, and the bFGF gelatin sponge mass is left in place so as to sufficiently cover the wound.
- C. Fixed with alginic acid or its salt (or fibrin glue).
- the growth factor bFGF used in the tympanic membrane / ear canal regeneration agent of the present invention has a direct proliferation effect on cells and a blood vessel proliferation effect.
- the eardrum has a three-layer structure, and it is important to maintain this three-layer structure in order to maximize the original sound transmission function.
- a thin tympanic membrane is often experienced in which only the epithelial layer is regenerated without maintaining the three-layer structure.
- bFGF has ideal elements. That is, as the name indicates, it has a direct action of growing fibroblasts, and also has an action of inducing blood vessels and supplying nutrients to surrounding tissues.
- a homologue thereof may be used as bFGF in the present invention.
- the bFGF and / or its homologue in the present invention can be obtained by isolating and purifying from microorganisms or cultured cells produced by natural or genetic recombination techniques, or by chemically or biologically modifying them. It is done.
- bFGF used in the present invention human bFGF or a homologue thereof is particularly preferable.
- the homologue of bFGF means the following polypeptide [I] or [II]. [I] A polypeptide comprising substantially the same amino acid sequence as bFGF produced in a mammal.
- the “substantially identical amino acid sequence” means one having 1 to 6 amino acids in the amino acid sequence substituted with another type of amino acid and having the biological activity of bFGF.
- the additional amino acid segment means one having 1 to 12 amino acids, which does not impair the biological activity of bFGF or the biological activity of the polypeptide [I].
- Human bFGF is a polypeptide of 146 amino acids, but in the preparation of the present invention, as a homologue of human bFGF (a homologue of the above [I]), for example, amino acid 146 described in JP-T-2-504468 is disclosed. Individual polypeptides may be used. In this polypeptide, cysteine (Cys) at position 69 and cysteine (Cys) at position 87 constituting the amino acid sequence of human bFGF are each substituted with serine (Ser). Further, as the homologue of the above [II], for example, a polypeptide having 155 amino acids described in JP-T 63-500843 may be used.
- bFGF a segment of 9 amino acids is added to the N-terminus of human bFGF. Further, a polypeptide of 147 amino acids with Met- added to the N-terminus, or a polypeptide of 157 amino acids with a segment consisting of 11 amino acids added to the N-terminus described in JP-T 63-501953 It may be used. Particularly preferred bFGF includes trafermin (genetic recombination).
- one type of bFGF may be used alone or a plurality of types may be used in combination. Furthermore, as described above, there are a plurality of homologues of bFGF, but these homologues may be used alone or in combination.
- bFGF produced in microorganisms such as Escherichia coli or cultured cells by gene recombination technology is necessary for the stable supply of the preparation of the present invention commercially. It is particularly preferable to use the homologue thereof.
- a gene for producing bFGF or a homologue thereof in this case, the polypeptide of [I] in general in this case
- the polypeptide of [I] in general in this case
- what is produced from this microorganism or cultured cell is generally that of bFGF.
- the type of gelatin used as the raw material for the gelatin sponge in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a commonly available one.
- the raw collagen obtained by treating bone, ligament, tendon, skin, etc. of cattle, pigs, chickens, salmon and the like with acid or alkali is extracted by heating with water.
- gelatin not only one type but also materials having different physical properties such as solubility, molecular weight and isoelectric point may be appropriately mixed and used.
- the gelatin sponge used in the present invention closes the tympanic membrane or ear canal defect as long as it does not lose the flexibility to the extent that it can completely cover the perforated edge of the complex tympanic membrane and the peripheral edge of the ear canal defect. It may be crosslinked to increase water resistance so that it can serve as a scaffold for regenerated tissue for a sufficient period of time.
- the crosslinking method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method using a crosslinking agent, a vacuum thermal dehydration method, a dry heat method, a ⁇ -ray irradiation method, an ultraviolet irradiation method, an electron beam irradiation method, and an X-ray irradiation method.
- the gelatin sponge of the present invention has a large number of fine pores and is more flexible than collagen.
- By having a large number of fine pores when used as a scaffold material, surrounding cells can easily enter the sponge, and good tympanic membrane and external auditory canal can be reproduced.
- This is a fundamental difference from a regenerative agent using a conventional sheet-like scaffold material. That is, for a scaffold such as a sheet-like collagen membrane, the tissue does not regenerate by proceeding inside the scaffold, but is regenerated along either the upper side or the lower side. In this case, an eardrum defect of a certain size or more cannot completely cover the defect part, and repair of the eardrum becomes impossible, or adhesion with surrounding tissues occurs and a sequela remains.
- the average pore diameter of the fine pores of the gelatin sponge of the present invention is preferably about 10 ⁇ m or more considering that cells easily enter the sponge and good cell adhesion is obtained, and the tympanic membrane with low cell density In order to prevent a decrease in the regeneration rate of the ear canal or the ear canal, it is preferably about 500 ⁇ m or less. A more preferred range is from about 100 to about 400 ⁇ m.
- the gelatin sponge of the present invention may contain other bioabsorbable polymer material as long as it does not adversely affect its function.
- bioabsorbable polymer materials include polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, poly- ⁇ -caprolactone, lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer, glycolic acid- ⁇ -caprolactone copolymer, and lactic acid- ⁇ -.
- Caprolactone copolymer polycitric acid, polymalic acid, poly- ⁇ -cyanoacrylate, poly- ⁇ -hydroxy acid, polytrimethylene oxalate, polytetramethylene oxalate, polyorthoester, polyorthocarbonate, polyethylene carbonate, poly- Synthetic polymers such as ⁇ -benzyl-L-glutamate, poly- ⁇ -methyl-L-glutamate, poly-L-alanine; polysaccharides such as starch, alginic acid, hyaluronic acid, chitin, pectinic acid and their derivatives, and gelatin , Proteins such as collagen, albumin, fibrin Natural polymers, and the like of.
- the gelatin sponge of the present invention is, for example, foamed by stirring an aqueous gelatin solution with a homogenizer at a rotational speed of about 3000 to about 10000 rpm for about 10 seconds to about 5 minutes. After casting on a mold and freezing at about ⁇ 40 to about ⁇ 80 ° C. for about 30 to about 120 minutes, the frozen product can be produced by lyophilization, for example, at about 0.1 Torr. If the concentration of the aqueous gelatin solution is too high, the flexibility of the resulting gelatin sponge will be low, so it is preferable to adjust it to, for example, about 3 w / w% or less. If further crosslinking is required, crosslinking can be appropriately performed.
- gelatin sponge of the present invention those commercially available as hemostatic agents (for example, Sponzel (registered trademark) (Astellas Pharma), Zellfoam (registered trademark) (Pharmacia Upjohn), etc.) can be used.
- hemostatic agents for example, Sponzel (registered trademark) (Astellas Pharma), Zellfoam (registered trademark) (Pharmacia Upjohn), etc.
- the shape and size of the gelatin sponge of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as it is large enough to cover the patient's tympanic membrane and the ear canal defect.
- the method of supporting bFGF on the gelatin sponge prepared as described above is not particularly limited.
- bFGF aqueous solution can be dropped on the gelatin sponge or gelatin sponge can be added to the bFGF aqueous solution to swell.
- the amount of bFGF carried on the gelatin sponge is not particularly limited as long as it is sufficient to regenerate the tympanic membrane or ear canal, but is, for example, about 0.1 to about 1000 ⁇ g, preferably about 1 to about 100 ⁇ g per administration site. .
- the bFGF-carrying gelatin sponge preparation obtained as described above can be freeze-dried.
- freeze-drying for example, it is carried out by freezing in liquid nitrogen for 30 minutes or more or at -80 ° C. for 1 hour or more and then drying with a freeze dryer for 1 to 3 days.
- the tympanic membrane / ear canal regenerating agent of the present invention can be applied to any case as long as it is a patient with tympanic membrane perforation or ear canal soft tissue defect without active infection / inflammation in the middle ear / outer ear.
- cases of perforation of the tympanic membrane include chronic otitis media, reperforation after performing tympanic membrane closure or tympanoplasty, traumatic tympanic membrane perforation, tympanic incision due to exudative otitis media, or residual perforation after placement of a tympanic tube.
- cases of cases of external ear canal soft tissue defects include those with external ear canal soft tissue defects and external auditory canal bones after external ear canal cholesteatectomy, tympanoplasty, or external ear canal tumor resection.
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Abstract
Description
以上の理由から、本発明者は、シート状の素材を用いるという従来の発想を転換し、欠損部位全体を立体的に覆うことが可能な素材を用いることを重視して、ゼラチンスポンジを足場材として採用した。すなわち、bFGF溶液を含浸させたゼラチンスポンジを、鼓膜または外耳道の欠損部を覆うように留置した。ゼラチンスポンジはコラーゲンを分解したもので、コラーゲンと比較して隙間がおおく自由度の高い素材であるため、細胞が成長する足場として機能する一方で、細胞の伸長する方向を妨げないという特質がある。したがって、従来のように再生組織がシート状素材の底面に沿って伸長するのではなく、ゼラチンスポンジ内部に再生組織が侵入して伸長することを目的としている。
さらに、その際、フィブリン糊またはアルギン酸もしくはその塩をスポンジ表面に適用して、該スポンジを欠損部に被覆固定した。組織再生用基材を生体接着材を用いて周辺組織に固定する手法は知られているが、本発明者は、単なる接着剤としてではなく、再生部位を外部と遮断し、生体内培養の良好な環境を創出するという目的で、スポンジ表面を被覆材料で被覆した。また同様の観点から、鼓膜穿孔や外耳道軟部組織欠損の辺縁部が陳旧化している場合には、メスあるいはタンパク質変性薬剤などにより辺縁部の新鮮化を行った。
その結果、従来法では適応外であった、2/3以上を欠損する鼓膜穿孔や創部径が2cmを超える外耳道軟部組織欠損であっても、すべての症例で欠損の閉鎖および聴力の改善が認められる一方、後遺症は観察されなかった。
以上より、本発明者は、bFGFを担持したゼラチンスポンジと被覆材料とを組み合わせて用いることにより、従来は外科手術に頼らざるを得なかった重度の鼓膜穿孔および外耳道軟部組織欠損患者に対しても、安価で、簡便かつ安全に、鼓膜および外耳道の再生が可能であることを確認して、本発明を完成するに至った。
[1]塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子を担持したゼラチンスポンジを含有し、被覆材料と組み合わせてなる、鼓膜または外耳道再生剤。
[2]被覆材料がフィブリン糊または水溶性高分子多糖類もしくはそれらの誘導体である、[1]記載の剤。
[3]水溶性高分子多糖類がキチン、キトサン又はアルギン酸もしくはその塩である、[2]記載の剤。
[4]鼓膜穿孔または外耳道軟部組織欠損の辺縁部が新鮮化されていることを特徴とする[1]から[3]のいずれかに記載の剤。
[5]治療上有効量の塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子を坦持したゼラチンスポンジを、鼓膜穿孔または外耳道軟部組織欠損患者の鼓膜穿孔または外耳道軟部組織欠損部に留置し、被覆材料で被覆することを含む鼓膜または外耳道の再生方法。
[6]被覆材料がフィブリン糊または水溶性高分子多糖類もしくはそれらの誘導体である、[5]記載の再生方法。
[7]水溶性高分子多糖類がキチン、キトサン又はアルギン酸もしくはその塩である、[6]記載の再生方法。
[8]鼓膜穿孔または外耳道軟部組織欠損の辺縁部を予め新鮮化させておくことを特徴とする[5]から[7]のいずれかに記載の再生方法。
[9]鼓膜または外耳道再生剤を製造するための、被覆材料およびゼラチンスポンジに担持させた塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子の使用。
[10]被覆材料がフィブリン糊または水溶性高分子多糖類もしくはそれらの誘導体である、[9]記載の使用。
[11]水溶性高分子多糖類がキチン、キトサン又はアルギン酸もしくはその塩である、[10]記載の使用。
[12]鼓膜穿孔または外耳道軟部組織欠損の辺縁部が新鮮化されていることを特徴とする[9]から[11]のいずれかに記載の使用。
また、ゼラチンスポンジ表面を被覆材料でカバーすることで、乾燥や感染を防ぎ、外部と隔絶された良好な培養環境を作り出すことができる。
さらに、ゼラチンスポンジは生体内では1か月以内に加水分解されて消失し、鼓膜および外耳道軟部組織再生に有利に働く。
その再生には足場としての線維芽細胞の増殖と3層構造を支える十分な血流の維持が不可欠である。この観点からbFGFは理想的な要素を備えている。すなわち、その名が示すとおり、線維芽細胞を増殖する直接作用を有し、また、血管を誘導して周囲組織に栄養を供給する作用を兼ね備えているからである。
bFGFの同族体とは、下記〔I〕または〔II〕のポリペプチドを意味する。
〔I〕哺乳動物で産生されるbFGFと実質的に同一のアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチド。ここで「実質的に同一のアミノ酸配列」とは、アミノ酸配列中の1~6個のアミノ酸が別種のアミノ酸により置換されたものでbFGFの生物活性を有するものを意味する。〔II〕哺乳動物で産生されるbFGFのN末端および/またはC末端、あるいは上記〔I〕のポリペプチドのN末端および/またはC末端に、追加のアミノ酸セグメントが追加されたポリペプチド。追加のアミノ酸セグメントとは、1~12個のアミノ酸からなり、bFGFの生物活性または上記〔I〕のポリペプチドの生物活性を損なわないものを意味する。
また、前記〔II〕の同族体として、例えば特表昭63-500843号公報に記載のアミノ酸155個のポリペプチドを用いてもよい。このポリペプチドは、ヒトbFGFのN末端にアミノ酸9個のセグメントが付加されたものである。
また、N末端にMet-が付加されたアミノ酸147個のポリペプチドや、特表昭63-501953号公報に記載のN末端にアミノ酸11個からなるセグメントが付加されたアミノ酸157個のポリペプチドを用いてもよい。
特に好ましいbFGFとしては、トラフェルミン(遺伝子組換え)が挙げられる。
この薬剤による方法は、外耳道の形状が狭く、鼓膜穿孔辺縁の新鮮化が困難な場合には特に有効で、まず酢酸アルミニウムを含むゼラチンスポンジを欠損部に留置し、約30分後に除去。この後、4%塩酸リドカインで麻酔を施行したのち変性した辺縁部(白色に変色)の組織をできる限り除去することで、新鮮化が行える。
1)患者の選択
患者は、鼓膜穿孔を有し中耳・外耳に活動性の感染・炎症がないことを確認した慢性中耳炎症例(n=9)、鼓膜閉鎖術ないし鼓室形成術施行後の再穿孔症例(n=7)、外傷性鼓膜穿孔陳旧症例(n=5)、滲出性中耳炎による鼓膜切開ないし鼓膜チューブ留置後の穿孔遺残例(n=10)など種々の症例を含む。鼓膜穿孔の大きさは問わない。
鼓膜穿孔の大きさにより患者を3群に分類した。すなわち、鼓膜穿孔が1/3以下、1/3~2/3、2/3以上に及ぶものをそれぞれGrade I、II、IIIとした。
鼓膜穿孔があり、かつ活動性の感染・炎症がないことを確認し、4%塩酸リドカインに浸した綿花を鼓膜穿孔部に当てるように外耳道内に挿入する。約15分後、顕微鏡下に、鼓膜穿孔縁に鼓膜切開刀などで傷をつけ、穿孔縁の上皮を全周性に除去した(図1B)。引き続き、鼓膜穿孔より大きなゼラチンスポンジ(スポンゼル(登録商標):アステラス)塊にbFGF(フィブラスト(登録商標):科研製薬)を含浸させ、鼓膜穿孔部位を十分覆うようにbFGF担持ゼラチンスポンジ塊を留置した(図1C)。この後、これをフィブリン糊(ベリプラスト(登録商標):CSLベーリング)数滴で固定した。
処置後、患者に強い鼻すすりや鼻かみなど耳に圧力がかかるようなことをしないよう、また、洗髪、入浴時に耳に水が入らないように指導した。
再生鼓膜は、この時点では肥厚しており血管に富んだ組織であるが、時間の経過とともに薄くなり(図1E)、約2か月で正常鼓膜と判別できなくなった(図1F)。
本法によって26名31耳の鼓膜再生治療がなされた。その結果を表1に示す。結果は、閉鎖に要した処置回数、閉鎖率、聴力改善の程度、麻酔時間を除く処置時間、後遺症の有無を、穿孔の大きさ(Grade I~III)ごとにまとめた。また、bFGFを使用せず、生理食塩水のみを浸したゼラチンスポンジを鼓膜穿孔部に留置した5症例の結果を表2に示した。
一方、bFGFを添加した場合、鼓膜穿孔の大きさにかかわりなくすべての症例で、鼓膜穿孔が閉鎖している。このことは、足場のみでは、細胞の再生に限界があることを示しており、ある程度以上の大きさの鼓膜穿孔症例に対しては、bFGFなど成長因子の添加が必要不可欠であると考えられる。また、聴力改善の程度も、鼓膜穿孔の大きさにかかわりなく、正常レベルにまで回復しており、機能的にも回復した鼓膜の再生がみられた。
1)患者の選択
患者は、外耳道真珠腫切除後(n=7)、鼓室形成術後(n=2)、外耳道腫瘍切除後(n=1)で、いずれも外耳道軟部組織の欠損と外耳道骨の露出を認めた症例である。欠損の大きさは問わない。
創部に活動性の感染・炎症がないことを確認し、局所麻酔を施行した。顕微鏡下に、外耳道真珠腫および外耳道腫瘍の症例では、外耳道内より真珠腫および腫瘍を切除した後、また、鼓室形成術後の外耳道骨露出症例では、メスなどで新鮮な創部を形成した後に、創部より大きなゼラチンスポンジ塊にbFGFを含浸させ、欠損部を十分覆うようにbFGF担持ゼラチンスポンジ塊を留置した(図2B)。この後、これをフィブリン糊数滴またはアルギン酸カルシウム膜で被覆した(図2C)。
患者には、耳かきの禁止や入浴、洗髪、洗顔時に外耳道内に水が入らないように指導した。
本法によって10症例の外耳道再生治療がなされた。その結果を表3に示す。結果は、閉鎖に要した処置回数、閉鎖率、麻酔時間を除く処置時間、後遺症の有無を、欠損の大きさ(Grade I~III)ごとにまとめた。
本出願は、日本で出願された特願2008-167744(出願日:平成20年6月26日)を基礎としており、その内容はすべて本明細書に包含されるものとする。
Claims (12)
- 塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子を担持したゼラチンスポンジを含有し、被覆材料と組み合わせてなる、鼓膜または外耳道再生剤。
- 被覆材料がフィブリン糊または水溶性高分子多糖類もしくはそれらの誘導体である、請求項1記載の剤。
- 水溶性高分子多糖類がキチン、キトサン又はアルギン酸もしくはその塩である、請求項2に記載の剤。
- 鼓膜穿孔または外耳道軟部組織欠損の辺縁部が新鮮化されていることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の剤。
- 治療上有効量の塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子を坦持したゼラチンスポンジを、鼓膜穿孔または外耳道軟部組織欠損患者の鼓膜穿孔または外耳道軟部組織欠損部に留置し、被覆材料で被覆することを含む鼓膜または外耳道の再生方法。
- 被覆材料がフィブリン糊または水溶性高分子多糖類もしくはそれらの誘導体である、請求項5に記載の再生方法。
- 水溶性高分子多糖類がキチン、キトサン又はアルギン酸もしくはその塩である、請求項6に記載の再生方法。
- 鼓膜穿孔または外耳道軟部組織欠損の辺縁部を予め新鮮化させておくことを特徴とする請求項5から7のいずれかに記載の再生方法。
- 鼓膜または外耳道再生剤を製造するための、被覆材料およびゼラチンスポンジに担持させた塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子の使用。
- 被覆材料がフィブリン糊または水溶性高分子多糖類もしくはそれらの誘導体である、請求項9に記載の使用。
- 水溶性高分子多糖類がキチン、キトサン又はアルギン酸もしくはその塩である、請求項10に記載の使用。
- 鼓膜穿孔または外耳道軟部組織欠損の辺縁部が新鮮化されていることを特徴とする請求項9から11のいずれかに記載の使用。
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| EP09770268.2A EP2353547B1 (en) | 2008-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | Agent for regenerating tympanic membrane or external auditory canal |
| ES09770268.2T ES2671068T3 (es) | 2008-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | Agente para regenerar la membrana timpánica o el conducto auditivo externo |
| US13/001,318 US9161904B2 (en) | 2008-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | Agent for regenerating tympanic membrane or external auditory canal |
| MX2010014077A MX2010014077A (es) | 2008-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | Agente para la regeneracion de la membrana timpanica o el conducto auditivo externo. |
| CA2729093A CA2729093C (en) | 2008-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | Agent for regenerating tympanic membrane or external auditory canal |
| CN2009801333108A CN102131478A (zh) | 2008-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | 用于鼓膜或外耳道再生的试剂 |
| BRPI0915387A BRPI0915387B8 (pt) | 2008-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | agente para a regeneração da membrana timpânica ou canal auditivo externo e uso de uma esponja de gelatina que carrega o fator de crescimento fibroblástico básico e uma cola de fibrina |
| RU2011102755/14A RU2544367C2 (ru) | 2008-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | Средство для восстановления барабанной перепонки или наружного слухового прохода |
| AU2009263249A AU2009263249B2 (en) | 2008-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | Agent for regenerating tympanic membrane or external auditory canal |
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| US16/159,238 US10357595B2 (en) | 2008-06-26 | 2018-10-12 | Agent for regenerating tympanic membrane or external auditory canal |
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| US14/849,001 Continuation US10117969B2 (en) | 2008-06-26 | 2015-09-09 | Agent for regenerating tympanic membrane or external auditory canal |
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| AU (1) | AU2009263249B2 (ja) |
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| CA (1) | CA2729093C (ja) |
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| WO2025073993A1 (en) * | 2023-10-05 | 2025-04-10 | Royal College Of Surgeons In Ireland | A layered implant and system to repair a perforation in a tympanic membrane |
| CN118718095B (zh) * | 2024-09-04 | 2024-11-29 | 诺一迈尔(山东)医学科技有限公司 | 一种声传导生物鼓膜修复材料及其制备方法 |
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| JP2014520608A (ja) * | 2011-07-11 | 2014-08-25 | イアー サイエンス インスティテュート オーストラリア | 鼓膜修復のためのデバイス |
| JP2016520080A (ja) * | 2013-05-15 | 2016-07-11 | ザ ボード オブ トラスティーズ オブ ザ レランド スタンフォード ジュニア ユニバーシティー | 鼓膜治癒のためのヘパリン結合性上皮成長因子活性の調節法 |
| US11235027B2 (en) | 2013-05-15 | 2022-02-01 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Modulation of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor activity for tympanic membrane healing |
| US11963998B2 (en) | 2013-05-15 | 2024-04-23 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Modulation of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor activity for tympanic membrane healing |
| WO2017057767A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-01 | 2017-04-06 | ノーベルファーマ株式会社 | 鼓膜再生剤作製治具及び鼓膜再生剤作製容器 |
| JPWO2017057767A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-01 | 2018-08-09 | ノーベルファーマ株式会社 | 鼓膜再生剤作製治具及び鼓膜再生剤作製容器 |
| JP2020022820A (ja) * | 2015-10-01 | 2020-02-13 | ノーベルファーマ株式会社 | 鼓膜再生剤作製治具及び鼓膜再生剤作製容器 |
| US11051985B2 (en) | 2015-10-01 | 2021-07-06 | Nobelpharma Co., Ltd. | Preparation jig for tympanic membrane regenerating agent and preparation vessel for tympanic membrane regenerating agent |
| WO2020138289A1 (ja) * | 2018-12-26 | 2020-07-02 | ノーベルファーマ株式会社 | 感音難聴治療用組成物 |
| US20220226437A1 (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2022-07-21 | Massachusetts Eye And Ear Infirmary | Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) for Treatment of Human Sensorineural Hearing Loss |
| WO2021112254A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-06-10 | ノーベルファーマ株式会社 | 鼓膜再生用ゼラチンスポンジの製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BRPI0915387B1 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
| EP2353547B1 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
| BRPI0915387A2 (pt) | 2016-10-11 |
| KR101604150B1 (ko) | 2016-03-16 |
| US20160067383A1 (en) | 2016-03-10 |
| CA2729093C (en) | 2018-04-10 |
| RU2011102755A (ru) | 2012-08-10 |
| MX2010014077A (es) | 2011-04-05 |
| RU2544367C2 (ru) | 2015-03-20 |
| EP2353547A4 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
| CN105381506A (zh) | 2016-03-09 |
| KR20110021994A (ko) | 2011-03-04 |
| ES2671068T3 (es) | 2018-06-04 |
| AU2009263249B2 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
| AU2009263249A1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
| CN102131478A (zh) | 2011-07-20 |
| EP2353547A1 (en) | 2011-08-10 |
| CA2729093A1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
| US10117969B2 (en) | 2018-11-06 |
| JP5398712B2 (ja) | 2014-01-29 |
| BRPI0915387B8 (pt) | 2021-05-25 |
| US10357595B2 (en) | 2019-07-23 |
| US20190038811A1 (en) | 2019-02-07 |
| JPWO2009157558A1 (ja) | 2011-12-15 |
| US9161904B2 (en) | 2015-10-20 |
| US20110110987A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
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