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WO2009154581A1 - Dispositifs de mise en réseau local sans fil assurant la protection de paquets prioritaires - Google Patents

Dispositifs de mise en réseau local sans fil assurant la protection de paquets prioritaires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009154581A1
WO2009154581A1 PCT/TR2008/000076 TR2008000076W WO2009154581A1 WO 2009154581 A1 WO2009154581 A1 WO 2009154581A1 TR 2008000076 W TR2008000076 W TR 2008000076W WO 2009154581 A1 WO2009154581 A1 WO 2009154581A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
high priority
rts
cts
wlan
packets
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Ceased
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PCT/TR2008/000076
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English (en)
Inventor
Metin Ismail Taskin
Tolga Kurt
Firat Birlik
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Airties Kablosuz Iletisim Sanayi ve Disticaret AS
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Airties Kablosuz Iletisim Sanayi ve Disticaret AS
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Priority to TR2010/10642T priority Critical patent/TR201010642T1/xx
Priority to PCT/TR2008/000076 priority patent/WO2009154581A1/fr
Publication of WO2009154581A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009154581A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/24—Negotiating SLA [Service Level Agreement]; Negotiating QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA

Definitions

  • This invention is related to Wireless Local Area Networking (WLAN) devices with high priority packet protection algorithm that increase the Quality of Service (QoS) and lower Packet Loss Rate (PLR) by protecting high priority packets transmitted in a WLAN from hidden nodes, that are often encountered in neighboring WLANs and 802.11s mesh networks by utilizing selective Request to Send (RTS)/Clear to Send (CTS) signaling architecture.
  • the WLAN devices with high priority packet protection algorithm developed in this invention send RTS signal and wait for CTS before sending high priority packets but do not send RTS for other packets which are lower priority.
  • High priority packets are usually video or voice packets that require real time delivery with high QoS requirements and with very low PLR.
  • Those devices can also transfer voice and video or like signals at high quality by forming IEEE 802.11s Standard compliant wireless mesh networks in order to overcome wireless signal attenuation problems encountered in concrete buildings. Every mesh point in 802.11s mesh network also implements selective RTS/CTS signaling in order to protect high priority packets throughout the mesh network.
  • the devices invented may also include VoIP, IPTV or DSL modem features integrated in the same hardware utilizing different IEEE 802.11 standards including IEEE 802. Hg and IEEE 802. Hn.
  • WLANs Wireless Local Area Networks
  • IEEE 802.11 also known as Wi-Fi
  • Wi-Fi is a combination of wireless network protocols which is developed by the 11th Working Group of IEEE LAN/MAN (Local Area
  • 802.11 protocol family combines many modulation techniques with a shared medium access protocol CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/CA).
  • CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access/CA
  • 802.11 defines several sub standards like 802.11b, 802. Hg, 802.11a and 802.Hn having different physical layer characteristics such as transmission rates and different CSMA/CA parameters like slot time, back-off durations and retry periods.
  • 802.11b standard supports physical transmission rates 11, 5.5, 2 and 1 Mbps whereas 802.11a/g standards support 54, 48, 36, 24, 18, 12, 9, 6 Mbps.
  • 802.Hn standard is currently not finalized yet, but it promises 6-10 times higher physical transmission rates compared to 802.11a and 802. Hg.
  • 802.11b supports HMbps as the highest physical transmission rate while 802.11b can achieve maximum data throughput of about 5Mbps.
  • 802.11a/g support 54Mbps as the highest physical transmission rate, while these standards can only achieve 20-25 Mbps actual data throughputs.
  • 802. Hn supports 300 Mbps to 600 Mbps physical data rates with actual data throughput in the order of several hundred Mbps.
  • wireless channel is a shared medium among users. At a given time, only a single node can transmit data to the channel; so formerly mentioned maximum achievable throughput values are shared among each transmitting node. For a single node to achieve these transmission speeds, there should be no other transmitting node in the same and overlapping channels.
  • wireless clients listen to the channel before initiating any transmission. If the channel is idle and this is the first try for transmission by the client, transmission is started immediately. If the channel is busy, client should wait until the channel is idle again.
  • a slot time is defined as 20 ⁇ s, while in 802.11a and 802. Hg standards it is defined as 9 ⁇ s.
  • medium access control layer only differs by several predefined values. So 802.11 MAC is not designed to support any quality of service guarantees or resource reservation; thus voice, video and data traffic are sent with the same priority without any differentiation. As a result, voice and video transmissions with certain delay and bandwidth requirements suffer quality degradation while transmitted over 802.11 shared medium.
  • IEEE 802.He 802.He
  • 802.He different traffic classes with different priorities are defined, but no mechanism is introduced to support quality of service guarantees.
  • 802.He traffic classes are differentiated with different CW_min and CW max values that are defined in CSMA/CA algorithm. If a node picks random back-off durations from a smaller number pool compared to other nodes, it has a better chance to win the contention and to start transmission.
  • Four different traffic classes with varying priorities are defined in 802.He with different CW values. These traffic classes are from lowest priority to highest priority as follows: Background (BG), Best Effort (BE), Video (Vl) and Voice (VO).
  • BG Background
  • BE Best Effort
  • Vl Video
  • VO Voice
  • TPE:2007:5158 Wireless Local Area Networking Devices providing Quality of Service Based on packet content transmitted over local area networks
  • Wireless Distribution System is an 802.11 MAC extension to support direct communication between wireless access points; so communication between clients connected to different access points can be relayed using wireless links between access points.
  • a wireless network topology that consists of wireless interconnected access points for relaying traffic of clients connected to different parts of the network is called wireless mesh networks.
  • WDS connections in a wireless mesh network are called mesh links.
  • the path between two clients consisting of mesh links and mesh nodes is called a mesh path or a mesh route.
  • To discover mesh routes various algorithms can be used.
  • standard 802.11 packet transfers each client has the same probability for transmission.
  • mesh routes for a successful end-to-end transmission, the same packet has to be transmitted over the wireless channel several times, thus diminishing the actual priority of the packet.
  • IEEE 802.11s (802.11s) is a working group for defining the standard for wireless mesh networks. 802.11s is a standard for 802.11 devices that lets each device to detect its neighbors and form a wireless mesh network automatically. 802.11s also supports dynamic topology changes, automatic configuration, automatic healing of the wireless mesh network, routing algorithms and power saving features. It is not known when the 802.11s draft will be finalized.
  • IPTV Internet protocol television
  • IPTV provides television services by utilizing an underlying IP network architecture. Unlike the data traffic, the video traffic through the downlink direction is continuous rather than bursty, and more jitter and latency sensitive. Hence, the IPTV streams are considered higher priority traffic compared to data traffic.
  • a hidden node problem can occur (as shown in Figure 4), when a node (30) is transmitting to a destination (30a) in the same WLAN and at the same time other nodes (31 or 32) which cannot receive the aforementioned transfer but can reach to the destinations receiver and causes a collision.
  • RTS Request to Send
  • CTS Clear to Send
  • the node (30) that wants to transmit a data packet to the destination (30a) sends an RTS signal which may not be heard by hidden nodes (31, 32) but the destination node (30a) sends a CTS signal as a response to RTS and CTS signal is heard by all the hidden nodes (31,32) that the destination node can hear from.
  • the hidden nodes (31, 32) that receive the CTS signal from the destination node do not transmit until the packet transmission from originating node (30).
  • the RTS/CJS procedure is invoked optionally. As a channel reservation mechanism, the RTS/CTS exchange is efficient only for longer frames because of the extra overhead involved. Therefore, typically RTS/CTS is triggered for activation when a certain packet size is exceeded.
  • the effect of hidden nodes is more severe in mesh networks compared to the effect in the case of neighboring networks. Potential collisions may occur each and every hop from source to destination and the overhead may further increase. Additionally, issues related to virtual blocking can further add to the overhead.
  • the mesh network given in Figure 5 is considered, where there is a transmission originated from the IPTV video source (33) through internet (34) and gateway (35) aimed at the receiver of the set top box of the IPTV (51), there can be another node transmitting (50) low priority data in the same mesh architecture but in the opposite direction. This may result in a collision occurring at any node on the mesh network (35,40,48) since (35) and (52) cannot utilize the carrier sensing architecture due to either distance or any other factor obstructing the transmission.
  • RTS frame When it is triggered active, the source sends an RTS frame. Hidden node may hear this request as well. RTS frame should also contain the duration of the reserve period.
  • the NAV is set by all stations detecting the RTS frame. Nodes other than the destination set the NAV at this value and do not transmit until the duration expires. After receiving the request, the destination node transmits a CTS frame.
  • the CTS also contains information on the duration. The station within the interfering range will likely receive the CTS, even if they did not receive the RTS and update their NAV.
  • the NAV provides protection through the ACK.
  • the NAV serves as a ' virtual * carrier sense mechanism. As a result, collision protection is achieved from the hidden nodes.
  • the corresponding MAC layer architecture is detailed in Figure 6.
  • the receiver of RTS sets the NAV RTS (61), waits for the short inter- frame space (63) and transmits CTS (58).
  • NAV CTS is set (62). All the nodes in the network, who receive CTS transmission (other than 53), go into silent mode until the beginning of the new contention window.
  • the data/video transmission is accomplished (59) in the reserved access medium (65).
  • a DCF inter-frame space expires (64). Finally contention window starts again (66).
  • a threshold of packet size is utilized. If a packet has a larger size than the threshold, the CTS/RTS is activated.
  • TCMA Tiered contention multiple access
  • DCF Downlink Control Function
  • CTS-to-self In order to protect the video transmission, one solution that exists in the literature is referred as CTS-to-self.
  • a node wants to reserve the transmission time, it can transmit a CTS message with its own address. This will reserve the channel for the transmission for the specified period.
  • the interfering transmitter cannot receive the CTS message, this methodology will not help the collision as in the case of hidden terminals.
  • RTS/CTS system is applied specifically to video streams. This is an opposite of the traditional methodology where longer packets are used in conjunction with RTS/CTS.
  • FIG. 2 An example block diagram of a device utilizing Wireless Local Area Networking
  • a low performing mesh link that is weakened by of thick walls and long distance
  • VoIP telephone (Voice client)
  • VoIP server (Voice communication provider)
  • Wireless Local Area Networking (WLAN) devices with high priority packet protection algorithm providing better Quality of Service (QoS) and lower Packet Loss Rate (PLR) for high priority traffic by protecting high priority packets from collisions, that may be caused by hidden nodes that are usually encountered in WLAN networks are designed.
  • the WLAN devices with high priority packet protection algorithm in this invention sends RTS packets exclusively for high priority packets and ordinary traffic is transmitted without using RTS/CTS signaling. That way the total overhead caused by RTS/CTS signaling is minimized.
  • the devices in this invention may also have VoIP, IPTV and DSL modem features integrated.
  • the WLAN devices with high priority packet protection algorithm developed in this invention also overcome radio signal attenuation and wireless coverage problems caused by thick walls by forming 802.11s standard compliant wireless mesh networks. They act as mesh points and each mesh point enables selective RTS/CTS signaling exclusively for high priority traffic. That way selective RTS/CTS signaling is applied throughout the mesh network until the packet is delivered to its destination.
  • the WLAN devices with high priority packet protection algorithm provide better Quality of Service and lower Packet loss rate for high priority traffic is the hidden node problem in neighboring networks as shown in Figure 4.
  • the WLAN devices with high priority packet protection algorithm (30) transmitting high priority traffic in the downlink (30), such as IPTV packets transmits an RTS signal.
  • the terminal (30a) Upon receiving the RTS, the terminal (30a) transmits a CTS signal.
  • the hidden nodes (31, 32) in the neighboring networks that cannot reach the node at (30) and cannot receive RTS receives the CTS and pauses their transmission. Their silencing for the period mentioned in RTS/CTS structure enables the high priority traffic to pass without collisions from the hidden nodes. For low priority traffic passing through (30), RTS/CTS signaling is not used.
  • the WLAN devices with high priority packet protection algorithm is used to prevent the collisions in wireless mesh networks by employing the RTS/CTS architecture at every node starting from the wireless gateway (35) which is one of the WLAN devices with high priority packet protection algorithm.
  • RTS Upon the reception of high priority traffic by the wireless gateway (35), RTS (36) is transmitted.
  • first node (40) which is also the WLAN devices with high priority packet protection algorithm, transmits the CTS (37) and the medium is reserved for the transmission of high priority traffic (38).
  • Low priority traffic (39) waits for the duration given in the CTS (37).
  • first node (40) When first node (40) receives the transmission, since the packet is high priority, it will also transmit an RTS (41) and the second hop (45) receiving this RTS (41) will transmit a CTS (42). Upon receiving CTS (42), the node (52) which needs to transmit the low priority packets (46) will be silenced for the duration given in the CTS (42). If there are more nodes which are one of the WLAN devices with high priority packet protection algorithm that the high priority packets need to pass through, the same RTS/CTS and high priority packet transmission sequence is repeated for every transmission until the high priority packet reaches its destination (51).
  • Voice and video packets where low priority packets may be data packets and general internet traffic.
  • the content of the packet is classified in the system as either high priority or low priority.
  • High priority packets may be voice or video packets
  • low priority packets may be data or background packets.
  • the packet classification can achieved by Automatic Classification and Prioritization Algorithm described in the applied patent: TPE:2007:5158, "Wireless Local Area Networking Devices providing Quality of Service Based on packet content transmitted over local area networks”.
  • the packet prioritization can be also achieved by other methodologies.
  • the packet When the packet is identified to be high priority it is labeled as high priority packet and put into 802. lie high priority queue (23). High priority queues in 802. lie are Video (Vl) (26) and Voice (VO) (27), low priority queues are Background (BG) (24), Best Effort (BE)
  • the selection of the packets that will utilize the RTS/CTS signaling can be made according to a criteria which is a combination of transmission length and priority, which can be applying RTS/CTS to high priority packets which are longer than a certain transmission duration.
  • the WLAN devices with high priority packet protection algorithm also optimize the network throughput by reducing the total overhead of RTS/CTS signaling by sending RTS signals just for high priority packets and do not send RTS signals for low priority packets.
  • the MAC layer signaling is provided in Figure 5.
  • the total overhead is the duration of RTS and CTS and two SIFS periods. Although it depends on the specific modulation used in the PHY layer, this may result in an overhead about 23.5%.
  • the net throughput reduces about 20%.
  • the throughput reduces only about 2%. Therefore, the high priority transmission can be achieved more reliability with much less degradation in the net throughput.
  • the protection provided by the RTS/CTS mechanism can be achieved in two different situations. First, in a mesh network, all the nodes in the transmission path will be transmitting an RTS, if they receive a high priority traffic packet and the RTS/CTS will provide protection along the entire mesh transmission. Second, when there is an interfering neighbor network, the RTS/CTS will be used to silence the neighbor network for a given transmission duration provided in the RTS content.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne l’amélioration de la qualité de service et la réduction de taux de perte de paquets (PLR) par la protection de paquets prioritaires transmis dans un réseau local sans fil contre des nœuds cachés souvent rencontrés dans des réseaux locaux sans fil et des réseaux maillés de norme 802.11 voisins, grâce à l’utilisation d’une architecture de signalisation sélective de type RTS/CTS. Les dispositifs selon la présente invention transmettent des signaux RTS et attendent des signaux CTS avant de transmettre des paquets prioritaires mais ne transmettent pas de signaux RTS pour d’autres paquets qui sont de priorité inférieure. Les paquets prioritaires sont souvent des paquets vidéo ou vocaux qui nécessitent une distribution en temps réel avec des exigences élevées de qualité de service et avec de faibles taux de perte de paquets. Grâce à l’activation de la signalisation RTS/CTS uniquement pour le trafic prioritaire, le surdébit total créé par la signalisation RTS/CTS est réduit au minimum et la capacité totale d’efficacité de réseau est optimisée. Ces dispositifs peuvent également transférer des signaux vocaux et vidéo ou analogues de grande qualité par la formation de réseaux maillés sans fil conformes à la norme IEEE 802.11s afin de résoudre les problèmes d’atténuation de signaux sans fil rencontrés dans des immeubles en béton. Chaque point maillé dans le réseau maillé 802.11s peut également utiliser la signalisation RTS/CTS afin de protéger les paquets prioritaires sur la totalité du réseau maillé. Les dispositifs selon l’invention peuvent également inclure des éléments de modem VoIP, IPTV ou DSL intégrés dans le même matériel utilisant différentes normes IEEE 802.11. Hg et IEEE 802.Hn.
PCT/TR2008/000076 2008-06-19 2008-06-19 Dispositifs de mise en réseau local sans fil assurant la protection de paquets prioritaires Ceased WO2009154581A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TR2010/10642T TR201010642T1 (tr) 2008-06-19 2008-06-19 Yüksek öncelikli paketler için koruma sağlayan kablosuz yerel ağ cihazları
PCT/TR2008/000076 WO2009154581A1 (fr) 2008-06-19 2008-06-19 Dispositifs de mise en réseau local sans fil assurant la protection de paquets prioritaires

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130051225A1 (en) * 2011-08-23 2013-02-28 Broadcom Corporation Alleviating congestion in a cable modem
CN109068186A (zh) * 2018-09-21 2018-12-21 视联动力信息技术股份有限公司 丢包率的处理方法和装置
CN111901247A (zh) * 2020-07-15 2020-11-06 广东电网有限责任公司 一种数据传输方法和装置
CN113812206A (zh) * 2019-07-03 2021-12-17 索尼集团公司 在无线局域网上保留未来信道时间

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US20070060141A1 (en) * 2005-08-29 2007-03-15 Texas Instruments Incorporated Mesh Deterministic Access
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US20070297375A1 (en) * 2006-06-27 2007-12-27 Motorola, Inc. System and method for data transmission in an ad hoc communication network

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130051225A1 (en) * 2011-08-23 2013-02-28 Broadcom Corporation Alleviating congestion in a cable modem
US9917779B2 (en) * 2011-08-23 2018-03-13 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Alleviating congestion in a cable modem
CN109068186A (zh) * 2018-09-21 2018-12-21 视联动力信息技术股份有限公司 丢包率的处理方法和装置
CN113812206A (zh) * 2019-07-03 2021-12-17 索尼集团公司 在无线局域网上保留未来信道时间
CN113812206B (zh) * 2019-07-03 2024-02-20 索尼集团公司 在无线局域网上保留未来信道时间
CN111901247A (zh) * 2020-07-15 2020-11-06 广东电网有限责任公司 一种数据传输方法和装置

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