WO2009148100A1 - 液晶配向処理剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向処理剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009148100A1 WO2009148100A1 PCT/JP2009/060200 JP2009060200W WO2009148100A1 WO 2009148100 A1 WO2009148100 A1 WO 2009148100A1 JP 2009060200 W JP2009060200 W JP 2009060200W WO 2009148100 A1 WO2009148100 A1 WO 2009148100A1
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- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- aligning agent
- crystal aligning
- pyrrolidone
- polyimide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent used for a liquid crystal display element, a liquid crystal alignment film using the same, and a liquid crystal display element.
- a liquid crystal display element has a structure in which liquid crystal molecules are sandwiched between liquid crystal alignment films formed on a substrate, and is a display element utilizing the fact that liquid crystal molecules aligned in a certain direction by a liquid crystal alignment film respond with voltage. is there.
- This liquid crystal alignment film is generally produced by subjecting the surface of a polyimide film formed on a substrate with electrodes to a so-called “rubbing process” in which pressure is applied to the surface with rayon or nylon cloth. .
- VA abbreviation for Vertical Alignment
- photo alignment films that align the liquid crystal by applying anisotropy to the film surface by irradiating polarized UV light have attracted attention.
- a method of creating a coating film using a solution of a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid and imidizing on the substrate, and a polyimide that has been imidized in advance are used. And a method using a solution containing the same.
- the method using a polyimide-containing solution was able to form a polyimide film with good characteristics when used as a liquid crystal alignment film, even when firing at a relatively low temperature.
- the strength of the film is low and the rubbing treatment tends to cause scratches or peeling of the film surface. Scratches and peeling on the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film are important problems because they cause display defects when the liquid crystal display element is formed.
- polyimide is generally inferior in solubility in organic solvents compared to polyamic acid and the like, so if imidized in advance, it may be difficult to form a uniform coating film.
- the composition is insolubilized in a solvent commonly used for the agent and cannot be contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. Therefore, the solubility of the polyimide contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is also important.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent containing polyimide when printing on a substrate, the varnish containing polyimide is whitened by moisture absorption, or the varnish is dried on the printing plate and aggregates are generated. The problem was easy to happen.
- a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent containing a diamine component having a specific structure has been proposed as an excellent liquid crystal alignment film rubbing resistance and polyimide solubility (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- a method for suppressing the whitening phenomenon of varnish containing polyimide it has been proposed to use N-vinylpyrrolidone or N-cyclohexylpyrrolidone for 50% or more of the solvent (for example, see Patent Document 2).
- a liquid crystal aligning agent that suppresses aggregates produced by drying of the varnish has not been proposed so far.
- the present invention is a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent that maintains good electrical characteristics of a polyimide alignment film, has good whitening and printability, and does not generate aggregates that cause gap unevenness in a liquid crystal panel during printing.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is also excellent in long-term storage stability, and when used as a liquid crystal alignment film, it has excellent rubbing resistance and a liquid crystal tilt angle.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent that is high and has good alignment properties.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows. 1.
- a pyrrolidone compound comprising a resin component containing a polyimide obtained by imidizing a polyamic acid obtained by reacting a diamine component with tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone
- a solvent component comprising: a liquid crystal aligning agent characterized by comprising: 2.
- k represents an integer of 1 to 20. 8).
- 11. 11 A liquid crystal display device having the liquid crystal alignment film as described in 10 above.
- liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the present invention a liquid crystal alignment film having good electrical characteristics can be obtained, and the occurrence of aggregates that cause gap unevenness of the liquid crystal panel during printing is suppressed, so that reliability of a narrow gap is improved. LCD panels with high yield can be produced with good yield.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention is a processing agent which forms the liquid crystal aligning film used for a liquid crystal display element, and is obtained by imidating the polyamic acid obtained by making a diamine component and tetracarboxylic dianhydride react. It contains polyimide and N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- a diamine component containing a diaminobenzene having a disubstituted amino group substituted with an alkenyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms hereinafter referred to as a specific diamine
- a polyimide obtained by imidizing a polyamic acid obtained by reacting with a carboxylic dianhydride component is particularly preferred because the solubility in an organic solvent is increased.
- the diamine component (also simply referred to as diamine) used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the diamine can be used alone or in combination, and the type is not limited.
- Examples of the diamine include alicyclic diamines, aromatic diamines, heterocyclic diamines, and aliphatic diamines. Specific examples are shown below.
- alicyclic diamines examples include 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,3-diaminocyclohexane, 4,4′-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-dimethyldicyclohexylamine, and isophorone Examples include diamines.
- aromatic diamines examples include o-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,5-diaminotoluene, 3,5-diaminotoluene, 1,4-diamino -2-methoxybenzene, 2,5-diamino-p-xylene, 1,3-diamino-4-chlorobenzene, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 1,4-diamino-2,5-dichlorobenzene, 4,4 '-Diamino-1,2-diphenylethane, 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-dimethylbibenzyl, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 4,4′-diamin
- heterocyclic diamines examples include 2,6-diaminopyridine, 2,4-diaminopyridine, 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2,7-diaminodibenzofuran, 3,6-diamino
- examples thereof include carbazole, 2,4-diamino-6-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2,5-bis (4-aminophenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole.
- aliphatic diamines examples include 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane, 1,6-diaminohexane, 1,7-diaminoheptane, 1,8-diaminooctane, 1,9-diaminononane, 1,10-diaminodecane, 1,3-diamino-2,2-dimethylpropane, 1,6-diamino-2,5-dimethylhexane, 1,7- Diamino-2,5-dimethylheptane, 1,7-diamino-4,4-dimethylheptane, 1,7-diamino-3-methylheptane, 1,9-diamino-5-methylheptane, 1,12-diaminododecane 1,18-diaminooctadecan
- a diaminobenzene having a disubstituted amino group substituted with an alkenyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms (hereinafter also referred to as a specific diamine) is preferable as the diamine in order to increase the solubility of polyimide in an organic solvent.
- diaminobenzene having a disubstituted amino group substituted by a 2-propenyl group (hereinafter also referred to as an allyl group) represented by the following formula [1] is preferable.
- the position of each substituent on the benzene ring is not particularly limited, but the positional relationship between the two amino groups is preferably meta or para.
- the more preferable specific example of this diamine is given below.
- the formula [2] is 2,4-diamino-N, N-diallylaniline
- the formula [3] is 3,5-diamino-N, N-diallylaniline
- the formula [4] is 2,5-diamino-N, N-diallylaniline.
- the diaminobenzene is at least one selected from the group consisting of [2], [3] and [4].
- the diaminobenzene is particularly preferably 2,4-diamino-N, N-diallylaniline.
- the diamine component used as a raw material for polyimide may be only a specific diamine, or a combination of a specific diamine and one or more of other diamines.
- the content of the specific diamine in the diamine component is preferably 20 mol (mol)% or more, more preferably 40 mol% or more, particularly 50 mol% or more.
- the higher the specific diamine content ratio in the diamine component the higher the effect of suppressing scratches on the alignment film surface and the film peeling during the rubbing treatment. Moreover, the solubility with respect to the organic solvent of the polyimide obtained also becomes high.
- the diamine component may be only the specific diamine, but it is preferable to use a diamine other than the specific diamine because other characteristics required for the liquid crystal alignment film can be imparted. Therefore, the content of the specific diamine is more preferably 90 mol% or less.
- the solubility of polyimide in an organic solvent increases, and a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent with excellent liquid crystal alignment is obtained. This is particularly preferable.
- the preferred content of 4-aminobenzylamine, 3-aminobenzylamine, or 4-aminophenethylamine in the diamine component is 10 mol% to 50 mol%.
- a diamine having a specific substituent can be used in combination.
- the substituent capable of increasing the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal a long-chain alkyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group, an aromatic cyclic group, an aliphatic cyclic group, a combination of these, or a steroid skeleton group is preferable.
- the specific example of the diamine which has the said substituent is given to the following, it is not limited to this.
- j represents an integer of 5 to 20, preferably 9 to 17, and k represents an integer of 1 to 20, preferably 4 to 15.
- the diamines of the formulas [5] and [32] are preferable because of excellent liquid crystal alignment.
- the diamines represented by the formulas [12] to [19] have a very high tilting ability, and are therefore suitably used for OCB (Optically mp Compensated Bend) alignment films and VA (Vertical Alignment) alignment films.
- OCB Optically mp Compensated Bend
- VA Very Alignment
- the diamine of formula [5] or [32] is 5 to 40 mol%, preferably 10 to 30 mol in the diamine component.
- the diamine of formula [12]-[19] may be contained in the diamine component in an amount of 5-60 mol%, preferably 10-40 mol%. It is not limited to this.
- the diamine of formula [32] is particularly preferable because it has a high tilt angle and is excellent in liquid crystal alignment even when the rubbing conditions are weak when used in combination with the specific diamine. . Furthermore, the effect of increasing the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal as described above tends to be weakened when the liquid crystal aligning agent contains a large amount of N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- the diamine of the formula [32] has a characteristic that it is not easily affected by the above, and is suitable as a diamine component of the polyimide contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component used as a raw material for polyimide may be one type of tetracarboxylic dianhydride or a mixture of two or more types of tetracarboxylic dianhydrides. good. However, even if it is a polyimide with a high imidization rate, a tetracarboxylic acid having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic structure can be obtained because it is easy to obtain a polyimide with relatively high solubility and the voltage holding ratio of the liquid crystal cell can be increased. It is preferable to use an acid dianhydride.
- Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic structure include 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutane.
- Tetracarboxylic dianhydride 1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetra Carboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic Acid dianhydride, 3,4-dicarboxy-1-cyclohexylsuccinic dianhydride, 3,4-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalene succinic dianhydride, 1, , 3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, bicyclo [3,3,0] octane-2,4,6,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-dicyclo
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic structure examples include 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,4-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4 Use of tetrahydro-1-naphthalene succinic dianhydride or 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride is particularly preferable because an alignment film excellent in liquid crystal alignment can be obtained.
- Aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2 ′, 3,3′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid Dianhydride, 2,3,3 ′, 4-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,3 ′, 4-benzophenonetetra Carboxylic dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfone dianhydride, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride And 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and the like.
- Aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include, among others, pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether dianhydride Or 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride is particularly preferred.
- the ratio with the acid dianhydride is preferably 90/10 to 50/50, more preferably 80/20 to 60/40, as the molar ratio of the former / the latter.
- the polyimide used for the liquid-crystal aligning agent of this invention is a polyimide which imidized the polyamic acid obtained by making the above-mentioned diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component react.
- the polyamic acid can be obtained by mixing and reacting a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and a diamine component in an organic solvent.
- a solution in which the diamine component is dispersed or dissolved in the organic solvent is stirred, and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is used as it is or in an organic solvent.
- a method of adding by dispersing or dissolving in a solvent a method of adding a diamine component to a solution in which a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is dispersed or dissolved in an organic solvent, and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and a diamine component. The method of adding alternately etc. are mentioned.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component or the diamine component is composed of a plurality of types of compounds, the plurality of types of components may be preliminarily mixed, or may be individually polymerized sequentially.
- the temperature at which the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and the diamine component are subjected to a polymerization reaction in an organic solvent is usually 0 to 150 ° C., preferably 5 to 100 ° C., more preferably 10 to 80 ° C. When the temperature is higher, the polymerization reaction is completed earlier, but when it is too high, a high molecular weight polymer may not be obtained.
- the polymerization reaction can be carried out at any concentration, but if the concentration is too low, it will be difficult to obtain a high molecular weight polymer, and if the concentration is too high, the viscosity of the reaction solution will become too high and uniform stirring will occur. Since it becomes difficult, the concentration of the total amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and the diamine component is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass.
- the initial stage of the polymerization reaction may be performed at a high concentration, and then an organic solvent may be added.
- the organic solvent used in the above reaction is not particularly limited as long as the generated polyamic acid can be dissolved, but N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-cyclohexyl-2 which is an essential component for the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- -Pyrrolidone or other solvents may be used. Specific examples thereof include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactam, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethyl urea, pyridine, dimethyl sulfone, hexamethyl sulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone and the like can be mentioned.
- the solvent may be used alone or in combination.
- it may be used by mixing with the above solvent as long as the produced polyamic acid does not precipitate.
- water in the organic solvent inhibits the polymerization reaction and further causes hydrolysis of the generated polyamic acid, it is preferable to use a dehydrated and dried organic solvent as much as possible.
- the ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and the diamine component used for the polymerization reaction of the polyamic acid is preferably 1: 0.8 to 1: 1.2 in molar ratio, and this molar ratio is close to 1: 1.
- the molecular weight of the polyamic acid obtained increases. By controlling the molecular weight of this polyamic acid, the molecular weight of the polyimide obtained after imidation can be adjusted.
- the molecular weight of the polyimide contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, but in terms of the strength of the coating film and the ease of handling as a liquid crystal aligning agent, the weight average molecular weight is 2,000 to 200, 000 is preferred, more preferably 5,000 to 50,000.
- the imidization of the polyamic acid obtained as described above can be performed by stirring in an organic solvent for 1 to 100 hours in the presence of a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride.
- Examples of basic catalysts include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, and trioctylamine. Of these, pyridine is preferable because it has an appropriate basicity for proceeding with the reaction.
- Examples of the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like. Among them, acetic anhydride is preferable because the obtained polyimide can be easily purified after imidization.
- As an organic solvent the solvent used at the time of the polyamic acid polymerization reaction mentioned above can be used.
- the imidation ratio of polyimide can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time.
- the amount of the basic catalyst at this time is preferably 0.2 to 10 times mol, more preferably 0.5 to 5 times mol of the amic acid group of the starting polyamic acid.
- the amount of the acid anhydride is preferably 1 to 30 times mol, more preferably 1 to 10 times mol of the amic acid group of the starting polyamic acid.
- the reaction temperature is preferably ⁇ 20 to 250 ° C., more preferably 0 to 180 ° C.
- the imidation ratio of the polyimide contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, it is preferably 40% or more in consideration of electrical characteristics, and 60% or more is more preferable in order to obtain a high voltage holding ratio. More preferably, it is 80% or more. Since the added catalyst or the like remains in the polyimide solution thus obtained, it is preferable to use the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the present invention after recovering and washing the specific polyimide.
- the polyimide can be recovered by putting the solution after imidization into a poor solvent that is being stirred and precipitating the polyimide, followed by filtration.
- the poor solvent at this time include methanol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol, toluene, and benzene.
- the recovered polyimide can also be washed with this poor solvent.
- the polyimide recovered and washed in this way can be powdered by drying at room temperature or under normal pressure or reduced pressure.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the present invention is a solution containing the above polyimide as a resin component and N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone as a solvent component.
- N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone it is necessary to use N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone as a solvent component.
- a pyrrolidone compound for example, when N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is used.
- whitening of the coating film and unevenness of the film thickness in the vicinity of the printing edge may occur, and it is difficult to achieve the object of the present invention.
- the concentration of the solution constituting the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent can be appropriately changed by setting the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film to be formed.
- the solvent component is preferably 9 to 99 with respect to 1 part by mass of the nonvolatile component such as the resin component. Part by mass, more preferably 11.5 to 49 parts by mass. When the solvent component is more than 99 parts by mass, it is difficult to form a uniform and defect-free coating film, and when it is less than 9 parts by mass, the storage stability of the solution may be deteriorated.
- the content of the solvent component in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 90 to 99% by mass, more preferably 92 to 98 parts by mass with respect to the entire liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the resin component in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may be a mixture of two or more types of polyimides having different structures.
- polyamic acid and other types of resins are used together to the extent that electrical properties are not impaired, storage stability of the varnish is not deteriorated, and aggregates that cause gap unevenness of the liquid crystal panel are not generated during printing. May be.
- the amount of the resin used in combination is preferably 0.05 to 7 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 4 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of polyimide.
- the content of the resin component in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 2 to 8% by mass, based on the entire liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the solvent component in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may be only N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, but contains other solvents in order to ensure the solubility of the resin component and to control the coating property to the substrate. It is preferable to do.
- N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone since the solubility of polyimide is inferior to that of N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, its content is determined from the viewpoint of long-term storage stability of the liquid crystal aligning agent. It is preferable to contain a solvent for ensuring the solubility of the resin component as the other solvent component.
- Solvents for ensuring the solubility of the resin component include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactam, 2-pyrrolidone, N-vinylpyrrolidone, dimethyl Examples thereof include sulfoxide, tetramethylurea, dimethylsulfone, hexamethylsulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolidinone.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone, and ⁇ -butyrolactone are preferably used because of the high solubility of polyimide.
- ⁇ -butyrolactone is preferably used because it has an effect of suppressing whitening.
- Examples of the solvent for controlling the coating property to the substrate include a solvent having a low surface tension.
- a solvent having a low surface tension By appropriately mixing a solvent having a low surface tension with the solvent component, the coating film uniformity can be improved during application to the substrate.
- Solvents having low surface tension include ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, ethyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-ethoxy-2-propanol, 1-butoxy- 2-propanol, 1-phenoxy-2-propanol, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol diacetate, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol-1-monomethyl ether-2-acetate, propylene glycol-1-mono Ethyl ether-2-acetate, dipropylene glycol, 2- (2-ethoxypropoxy) propanol, lactate methyl ester, ethyl lactate Le, lactate n- propyl ester, lactate n- butyl ester, and the like lactic isoamyl ester.
- the amount of N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone is 0.5 parts by mass or more with respect to 1 part by mass of the resin component
- production of the aggregate is seen, Preferably it is 1 to 80 weight part, More preferably, it is 2 to 70 weight part.
- N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone is preferably used because it has excellent solubility of the resin component and thus excellent storage stability of the varnish, and varnish is not easily whitened even when moisture is absorbed.
- N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone is preferably 5 to 80% by mass, more preferably 10 to 70% by mass, based on the entire solvent component.
- N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone is preferably 5 to 40% by mass, more preferably 10 to 30% by mass, based on the entire solvent component.
- N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone is preferably 40% by mass or less of the total solvent component.
- the solvent for ensuring the solubility of the resin component when the amount is too large, whitening of the varnish or generation of foreign matter during printing, the content is preferably 80% by mass or less of the solvent component, more preferably Is 60% by mass or less.
- a solvent having a low surface tension improves the coating property to the substrate, but if the amount is too large, precipitation of the resin component occurs, so the content is preferably 60% by mass or less, more preferably 50% by mass of the solvent component. It is as follows.
- the more preferable content of each solvent is 5 to 70% by mass of the solvent for ensuring the solubility of the resin component.
- the solvent having a low surface tension is 10 to 60% by mass, more preferably the solvent for ensuring the solubility of the resin component is 10 to 45% by mass, and the solvent having a low surface tension is 20 to 50% by mass. %.
- Examples of the solvent composition in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention include 5 to 80% by mass of N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 5 to 70% by mass of a solvent for ensuring the solubility of the resin component, and a low surface.
- N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone is 10 to 40% by mass
- the solvent for ensuring the solubility of the resin component is 10 to 45% by mass
- the solvent having a low surface tension is 20 to 50% by mass.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain additives for improving the properties of the coating film.
- Additives for improving coating properties include 3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-phenylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, (aminoethylaminomethyl) phenethyltrimethoxysilane
- silane coupling agents such as The addition of these silane coupling agents can further improve the adhesion of the coating film to the substrate, but if added too much, the polyimide used in the present invention and the polymer compound used in combination with it will cause aggregation. Therefore, the content of the silane coupling agent is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin component used in the present invention.
- the method for preparing the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the contained components are in a uniform state in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- a polyimide powder is dissolved in an organic solvent to form a polyimide solution, and then diluted by adding an organic solvent to a desired concentration.
- adjustment of the solvent composition for controlling the coating property to the substrate, addition of an additive for improving the properties of the coating film, and the like can be performed.
- the solvent for dissolving the polyimide powder include N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, and the solvents described above.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent obtained as described above is preferably filtered before being applied to the substrate.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the present invention can be applied to a substrate, dried and baked to form a coating film. By rubbing this coating film surface, it is used as a liquid crystal alignment film for rubbing. It is also used as a liquid crystal alignment film for VA or a photo alignment film that is not rubbed.
- the substrate to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and a glass substrate, a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can be used, and an ITO electrode for driving a liquid crystal is formed. It is preferable to use a new substrate from the viewpoint of simplification of the process. Further, in the reflection type liquid crystal display element, an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used as long as the substrate is only on one side, and in this case, a material that reflects light such as aluminum can be used.
- Examples of the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent include spin coating, printing, and ink-jet methods. From the viewpoint of productivity, the flexographic printing method is widely used industrially, and the liquid crystal aligning treatment of the present invention. It is also preferably used in agents.
- the drying process after applying the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is not necessarily required, but if the time from application to baking is not constant for each substrate, or if baking is not performed immediately after application, the drying process is performed. Inclusion is preferred.
- the drying is not particularly limited as long as the solvent is evaporated to such an extent that the shape of the coating film is not deformed by the conveyance of the substrate or the like.
- a method of drying on a hot plate at 50 to 150 ° C., preferably 80 to 120 ° C., for 0.5 to 30 minutes, preferably 1 to 5 minutes is employed.
- the substrate coated with the liquid crystal aligning agent can be baked at an arbitrary temperature of 100 to 350 ° C., preferably 150 to 300 ° C., more preferably 180 to 250 ° C.
- an amic acid group is present in the liquid crystal aligning agent, it changes from an amic acid to an imide depending on the baking temperature, but the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention does not necessarily need to be 100% imidized.
- the thickness of the coating film after baking is too thick, it is disadvantageous in terms of power consumption of the liquid crystal display element, and if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered, so that it is preferably 10 to 200 nm, more preferably 50 to 100 nm.
- an existing rubbing apparatus can be used.
- the material of the rubbing cloth at this time include cotton, rayon, and nylon.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a liquid crystal display element obtained by obtaining a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention by the method described above, and then preparing a liquid crystal cell by a known method.
- an alignment treatment direction is 0 to 270 ° with a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed, preferably with a spacer of 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m.
- a method is generally used in which the angle is set at an arbitrary angle, the periphery is fixed with a sealant, and liquid crystal is injected and sealed.
- the method for enclosing the liquid crystal is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a vacuum method of injecting liquid crystal after reducing the pressure inside the produced liquid crystal cell, and a dropping method of sealing after dropping the liquid crystal.
- the liquid crystal display elements thus obtained include various types such as TN liquid crystal display elements, STN liquid crystal display elements, TFT liquid crystal display elements, OCB liquid crystal display elements, lateral electric field type liquid crystal display elements, and VA liquid crystal display elements. It is suitably used for a display element by the above method.
- ⁇ Tetracarboxylic dianhydride> CBDA: 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride PMDA: pyromellitic dianhydride TDA: 3,4-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalene-2-succinic acid Anhydride ⁇ Diamine> 2,4-DAA: 2,4-Diamino-N, N-diallylaniline
- p-PDA p-phenylenediamine
- DDM 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane
- BAPP 1,5-bis (4-aminophenoxy) pentane
- C12DAB 4-dodecyloxy-1,3-diaminobenzene
- C14DAB 4-tetradecyl Oxy-1,3-diaminobenzene
- C18DAB 4-octadecyloxy-1,3-diaminobenzene
- PCBA-PDA 4- (t-4-pentylcyclohexyl) benzamide-2 ′, 4′-phenylenediamine
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- NEP N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone
- NCP N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone
- ⁇ BL ⁇ -butyrolactone
- DMI 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone
- BC Butyl cellosolve
- DPM Dipropylene glycol Monomethyl ether
- the molecular weight of the polyimide was measured with a GPC (normal temperature gel permeation chromatography) apparatus, and the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight were calculated as polyethylene glycol and polyethylene oxide equivalent values.
- GPC device manufactured by Shodex (GPC-101) Column: manufactured by Shodex (series of KD803 and KD805) Column temperature: 50 ° C Eluent: N, N-dimethylformamide (as additives, lithium bromide-hydrate (LiBr ⁇ H 2 O) is 30 mmol / L, phosphoric acid / anhydrous crystal (o-phosphoric acid) is 30 mmol / L, tetrahydrofuran (THF) is 10ml / L) Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min Standard sample for preparing a calibration curve: TSK standard polyethylene oxide (weight average molecular weight: about 900,000, 150,000, 100,000, 30,000) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation and polyethylene glycol (weight average molecular weight: about 12,000, manufactured by Polymer Laboratories) 4,000, 1,000).
- the imidation ratio of polyimide was measured as follows. 20 mg of polyimide powder was placed in an NMR sample tube, and 0.53 ml of deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d 6 , 0.05% TMS mixture) was added and completely dissolved. This solution was measured for proton NMR at 500 MHz with an NMR measuring instrument (JNM-ECA500) manufactured by JEOL Datum.
- JNM-ECA500 deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide
- the imidation rate is determined by determining a proton derived from a structure that does not change before and after imidation as a reference proton, a peak integrated value of this proton, and a proton peak integrated value derived from the NH group of the amic acid that appears around 9.5 to 10.0 ppm.
- Imidization rate (%) (1 ⁇ ⁇ x / y) ⁇ 100
- x is the proton peak integrated value derived from the NH group of the amic acid
- y is the peak integrated value of the reference proton
- ⁇ is one NH group proton of the amic acid in the case of polyamic acid (imidation rate is 0%).
- the number ratio of the reference protons is determined by determining a proton derived from a structure that does not change before and after imidation as a reference proton, a peak integrated value of this proton, and a proton peak integrated value derived from the NH group of the amic acid that appears around 9.5 to 10.0 ppm
- the number average molecular weight of this polyamic acid was 11,067, and the weight average molecular weight was 26,270.
- Synthesis Example 11 NEP and BC were added to 50 g of the polyamic acid solution obtained in Synthesis Example 10 to prepare 6% by mass of polyamic acid, 59% by mass of NEP, 20% by mass of ⁇ -BL, and 15% by mass of BC.
- Example 1 After cooling 20.23 g of the solution obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 2 to 23 ° C., 8.67 g of ⁇ BL, 4.93 g of NEP and 14.78 g of BC were added, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 20 hours. After stirring, the mixture was cooled to 23 ° C. to obtain a uniform liquid crystal aligning agent. Table 1 shows the composition of the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the voltage holding rate of the liquid crystal cell was evaluated as follows.
- a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is spin-coated on a glass substrate with a transparent electrode, dried on a hot plate at a temperature of 70 ° C. for 70 seconds, and then baked on a hot plate at 210 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a coating film having a thickness of 100 nm. I let you.
- the surface of the coating film was rubbed with a rubbing apparatus having a roll diameter of 120 mm using a rayon cloth under the conditions of a roll rotation speed of 1000 rpm, a roll traveling speed of 50 mm / sec, and an indentation amount of 0.3 mm to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
- a rubbing apparatus having a roll diameter of 120 mm using a rayon cloth under the conditions of a roll rotation speed of 1000 rpm, a roll traveling speed of 50 mm / sec, and an indentation amount of 0.3 mm to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
- Prepare two sheets of this substrate spray a 6 ⁇ m spacer on the surface of one liquid crystal alignment film, print a sealant on it, and the other substrate faces the liquid crystal alignment film and the rubbing direction is perpendicular.
- the sealing agent was cured to produce an empty cell.
- Liquid crystal MLC-2003 (manufactured by Merck Japan) was injected into this empty cell by a reduced pressure injection method, and the injection port was sealed to obtain a twisted nematic liquid crystal cell.
- a voltage of 4 V was applied to the liquid crystal cell at a temperature of 90 ° C. for 60 ⁇ s, the voltage after 16.67 ms was measured, and how much the voltage could be held was calculated as a voltage holding ratio.
- the voltage holding ratio was measured using a VHR-1 voltage holding ratio measuring device manufactured by Toyo Technica. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Printing was performed using the same apparatus as described above. After performing the idling 10 times, the printing machine was stopped for 1 minute and the printing plate was dried. Thereafter, one Cr substrate was printed and fired in the same manner as described above. The fired substrate was observed in the vicinity of the printing edge with a confocal laser microscope ("VL2000" manufactured by Lasertec Co., Ltd.). If there was no foreign material of 3 ⁇ m or less near the printing edge, ⁇ , did. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 2 After cooling 21.00 g of the solution obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 2 to 23 ° C., 3.87 g of ⁇ BL, 10.21 g of NEP and 15.32 g of BC were added, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 20 hours. After stirring, the mixture was cooled to 23 ° C. to obtain a uniform liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the composition of the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent is summarized in Table 1. Using this liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, the voltage holding ratio, tilt angle, liquid crystal alignment property, rubbing resistance, drying speed, whitening characteristics, printing unevenness, foreign matter during printing, and storage stability were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- Example 3 After cooling 18.77 g of the solution obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 2 to 23 ° C., 7.08 g of ⁇ BL, 4.80 g of NCP and 14.40 g of BC were added, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 20 hours. After stirring, the mixture was cooled to 23 ° C. to obtain a uniform liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the composition of the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent is summarized in Table 1. Using this liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, the voltage holding ratio, tilt angle, liquid crystal alignment property, rubbing resistance, drying speed, whitening characteristics, printing unevenness, foreign matter during printing, and storage stability were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- Example 4 After cooling 19.49 g of the solution obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 2 to 23 ° C., 3.28 g of ⁇ BL, 9.60 g of NCP and 14.40 g of BC were added, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 20 hours. After stirring, the mixture was cooled to 23 ° C. to obtain a uniform liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Table 1 shows the composition of the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent. Using this liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, the voltage holding ratio, tilt angle, liquid crystal alignment property, rubbing resistance, drying speed, whitening characteristics, printing unevenness, foreign matter during printing, and storage stability were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- Example 5 After cooling the solution obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 3 to about room temperature, 2.66 g of NEP and 8.00 g of BC were added, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 20 hours. After stirring, the mixture was cooled to 23 ° C. to obtain a uniform liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Table 1 shows the composition of the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the voltage holding ratio, tilt angle, liquid crystal alignment property, rubbing resistance, drying speed, whitening characteristics, printing unevenness, foreign matter during printing, and storage stability were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- Example 6 After cooling 20 g of the solution obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 7 to about room temperature, 8.8 g of ⁇ BL, 4.8 g of NEP, and 14.4 g of BC were added, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 20 hours. After stirring, the mixture was cooled to 23 ° C. to obtain a uniform liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Table 1 shows the composition of the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent. Using this liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, the voltage holding ratio, tilt angle, liquid crystal alignment property, rubbing resistance, drying speed, whitening characteristics, printing unevenness, foreign matter during printing, and storage stability were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- Example 7 After cooling 20 g of the solution obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 7 to about room temperature, 4.0 g of ⁇ BL, 14.4 g of NEP, and 9.6 g of BC were added, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 20 hours. After stirring, the mixture was cooled to 23 ° C. to obtain a uniform liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Table 1 shows the composition of the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent. Using this liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, the voltage holding ratio, tilt angle, liquid crystal alignment property, rubbing resistance, drying speed, whitening characteristics, printing unevenness, foreign matter during printing, and storage stability were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- Example 8 20 g of the solution obtained in Synthesis Example 9 and 80 g of the solution obtained in Synthesis Example 11 were stirred at 23 ° C. for 20 hours. After the stirring, a uniform liquid crystal aligning agent was obtained. Table 1 shows the composition of the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent. Using this liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, the voltage holding ratio, tilt angle, liquid crystal alignment property, rubbing resistance, drying speed, whitening characteristics, printing unevenness, foreign matter during printing, and storage stability were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- Example 9 20 g of the solution obtained in Synthesis Example 13 and 80 g of the solution obtained in Synthesis Example 14 were stirred at 23 ° C. for 20 hours. After the stirring, a uniform liquid crystal aligning agent was obtained. Table 1 shows the composition of the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent. Using this liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, the voltage holding ratio, tilt angle, liquid crystal alignment property, rubbing resistance, drying speed, whitening characteristics, printing unevenness, foreign matter during printing, and storage stability were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- Example 10 60 g of the solution obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 16 was cooled to about room temperature, 20 g of DMI and 20 g of EC were added, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 20 hours. After stirring, the mixture was cooled to 23 ° C. to obtain a uniform liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Table 1 shows the composition of the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the voltage holding ratio, tilt angle, liquid crystal alignment property, rubbing resistance, drying speed, whitening characteristics, printing unevenness, foreign matter during printing, and storage stability were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- Example 11 60 g of the solution obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 16 was cooled to about room temperature, 10 g of NMP and 30 g of BC were added, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 20 hours. After stirring, the mixture was cooled to 23 ° C. to obtain a uniform liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Table 1 shows the composition of the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the voltage holding ratio, tilt angle, liquid crystal alignment property, rubbing resistance, drying speed, whitening characteristics, printing unevenness, foreign matter during printing, and storage stability were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- Example 12 The solution obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 18 was cooled to about room temperature, 2.66 g of NEP and 8.00 g of BC were added, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 20 hours. After stirring, the mixture was cooled to 23 ° C. to obtain a uniform liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Table 1 shows the composition of the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the voltage holding ratio, tilt angle, liquid crystal alignment property, rubbing resistance, drying speed, whitening characteristics, printing unevenness, foreign matter during printing, and storage stability were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- Example 13 The solution obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 5 was cooled to about room temperature, 6.40 g of NCP and 9.60 g of BC were added, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 20 hours. After stirring, the mixture was cooled to 23 ° C. to obtain a uniform liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Table 1 shows the composition of the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the voltage holding ratio, tilt angle, liquid crystal alignment property, rubbing resistance, drying speed, whitening characteristics, printing unevenness, foreign matter during printing, and storage stability were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. . The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- the liquid crystal display element produced using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be a highly reliable liquid crystal display device, such as a TN liquid crystal display element, an STN liquid crystal display element, a TFT liquid crystal display element, and an OCB liquid crystal display. It is suitably used for display elements of various systems such as elements, horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display elements, VA liquid crystal display elements. It should be noted that the entire contents of the specification, claims, and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-146792 filed on June 4, 2008 are incorporated herein as the disclosure of the specification of the present invention. Is.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は上記の状況を鑑み、ポリイミド配向膜の良好な電気特性を維持しつつ、白化、印刷性が良好でかつ印刷時に液晶パネルのギャップムラの原因となる凝集物を発生させない液晶配向処理剤を提供することを目的とする。更には、白化、印刷性、凝集物などの特性に加えて、液晶配向処理剤の長期保存安定性にも優れ、また、液晶配向膜としたときに、ラビング耐性に優れ、液晶のチルト角が高く、かつ配向性も良好である液晶配向処理剤を提供することを目的とする。
1.ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物とを反応させて得られるポリアミック酸をイミド化して得られるポリイミドを含む樹脂成分と、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン又はN-シクロヘキシル-2-ピロリドンからなるピロリドン化合物を含む溶媒成分と、を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向処理剤。
2.ピロリドン化合物がN-エチル-2-ピロリドンであり、該N-エチル-2-ピロリドンが溶媒成分の5~80質量%である上記1に記載の液晶配向処理剤。
3.ピロリドン化合物がN-シクロヘキシル-2-ピロリドンであり、該N-シクロヘキシル-2-ピロリドンが溶媒成分の5~40質量%である上記1に記載の液晶配向処理剤。
4.樹脂成分が1~10質量%含有され、溶媒成分が90~99質量%含有される上記1~3のいずれかに記載の液晶配向処理剤。
5.ジアミン成分として炭素数2又は3のアルケニル基で置換されたジ置換アミノ基を有するジアミノベンゼンを含む、上記1~4のいずれかに記載の液晶配向処理剤。
6.炭素数2又は3のアルケニル基で置換されたジ置換アミノ基を有するジアミノベンゼンが、下記式[1]で表されるジアミンである、上記5に記載の液晶配向処理剤。
本発明の液晶配向処理剤は、液晶表示素子に用いられる液晶配向膜を形成する処理剤であり、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物とを反応させて得られるポリアミック酸をイミド化して得られるポリイミド、及びN-エチル-2-ピロリドンまたはN-シクロへキシル-2-ピロリドンを含有することを特徴とする。本発明に使用されるポリイミドの構造は特に限定されないが、炭素数2又は3のアルケニル基で置換されたジ置換アミノ基を有するジアミノベンゼン(以下、特定ジアミンという。)を含むジアミン成分と、テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とを反応させて得られるポリアミック酸をイミド化して得られるポリイミドを用いると、有機溶媒に対する溶解性が高くなるために特に好ましい。
本発明で用いられるジアミン成分(単に、ジアミンともいう。)は特に限定されない。そのジアミンは一種でも複数種でも併用可能であり、種類は限定されない。ジアミンの種類としては、脂環式ジアミン、芳香族ジアミン類、複素環式ジアミン類または脂肪族ジアミンが例示される。以下にその具体例を示す。
本発明において、ポリイミドの原料となるテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分は、1種類のテトラカルボン酸二無水物であってもよく、2種類以上のテトラカルボン酸二無水物を混合して用いても良い。
しかしながら、高イミド化率のポリイミドであっても比較的溶解性の高いポリイミドが得やすい点、及び液晶セルの電圧保持率を高くできる点などから、脂環式構造又は脂肪族構造を有するテトラカルボン酸二無水物を用いることが好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向処理剤に用いられるポリイミドは、上記したジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とを反応させて得られるポリアミック酸をイミド化したポリイミドである。ここで、ポリアミック酸は、テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とジアミン成分とを有機溶媒中で混合し、反応させることで得ることができる。
上記のようにして得られたポリアミック酸のイミド化は、有機溶媒中において、塩基性触媒と酸無水物の存在下で1~100時間攪拌することにより可能である。
このようにして得られたポリイミドの溶液内には、添加した触媒などが残存しているので、特定ポリイミドを回収・洗浄してから本発明の液晶配向処理剤に用いることが好ましい。
このようにして回収・洗浄したポリイミドは、常圧あるいは減圧下で、常温あるいは加熱乾燥して粉末とすることができる
本発明の液晶配向処理剤は、前記したポリイミドを樹脂成分として、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン又はN-シクロヘキシル-2-ピロリドンを溶媒成分として含有する溶液である。本発明では、溶媒成分として、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン又はN-シクロヘキシル-2-ピロリドンを使用することが必要であり、ピロリドン化合物でも、例えば、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンを使用した場合には、後記する比較例に示されるように、塗膜の白化や印刷エッジ付近の膜厚のムラが発生する場合があり、本発明の目的を達成し難い。
本発明の液晶配向処理剤には、上記以外に塗膜の特性を改善する為の添加物を含有してもよい。
本発明の液晶配向処理剤の調製方法は、含有している成分が液晶配向処理剤中で均一な状態となるならば特に限定されない。その一例を挙げると、ポリイミドの粉末を、有機溶媒に溶解させてポリイミド溶液とし、次いで、所望の濃度まで有機溶媒を添加して希釈する方法などである。この希釈工程において、基板への塗布性を制御する為の溶媒組成の調整や、塗膜の特性を改善する為の添加物の追加などを行うことができる。ポリイミドの粉末を溶解させる溶媒としては、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン、もしくはN-シクロヘキシル-2-ピロリドン又は前記した溶媒が挙げられる。上記のようにして得られた液晶配向処理剤は、基板に塗布する前に濾過することが好ましい。
実施例及び比較例で使用する略号は以下の通りである。
CBDA: 1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
PMDA: ピロメリット酸二無水物
TDA:3,4-ジカルボキシ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-1-ナフタレンコハク酸二無水物
<ジアミン>
2,4-DAA: 2,4-ジアミノ-N,N-ジアリルアニリン
DDM:4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン
BAPP:1,5-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ペンタン
C12DAB: 4-ドデシルオキシ-1,3-ジアミノベンゼン
C14DAB: 4-テトラデシルオキシ-1,3-ジアミノベンゼン
C18DAB: 4-オクタデシルオキシ-1,3-ジアミノベンゼン
PCBA-PDA:4-(t-4-ペンチルシクロヘキシル)ベンズアミド-2',4'-フェニレンジアミン
NMP: N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
NEP: N-エチル-2-ピロリドン
NCP: N-シクロヘキシル-2-ピロリドン
γBL: γ-ブチロラクトン
DMI:1,3-ジメチルイミダゾリジノン
BC: ブチルセロソルブ
DPM:ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル
EC:エチルカルビトール
ポリイミドの分子量は、該ポリイミドをGPC(常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー)装置によって測定し、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンオキシド換算値として数平均分子量と重量平均分子量を算出した。
GPC装置:Shodex社製 (GPC-101)
カラム:Shodex社製 (KD803、KD805の直列)
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(重量平均分子量 約900,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、及び、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(重量平均分子量 約12,000、4,000、1,000)。
ポリイミドのイミド化率は次のようにして測定した。ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6、0.05%TMS混合品)0.53mlを添加し、完全に溶解させた。この溶液を日本電子データム社製NMR測定器(JNM-ECA500)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミック酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い次式によって求めた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
上記式において、xはアミック酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミック酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミック酸のNH基プロトン一個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、CBDAを13.53g(0.069mol)、PMDAを6.54g(0.030mol)、ジアミン成分として、2,4-DAAを6.10g(0.030mol)、3-ABAを4.89g(0.040mol)、C14DABを9.62g(0.030mol)用い、NMP162.7g中、23℃で24時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
このポリアミック酸溶液142.8gに、NMPを333.2g加えて希釈し、無水酢酸21.5gとピリジン9.2gを加え、温度50℃で3時間反応させてイミド化した。
この反応溶液を室温程度まで冷却後、メタノール1.8l中に投入し、沈殿した固形物を回収した。さらに、この固形物をメタノールで数回洗浄した後、温度100℃で減圧乾燥して、ポリイミド(SPI)の白色粉末を得た。このポリイミドの数平均分子量は13,472、重量平均分子量は35,859であった。また、イミド化率は89%であった。
合成例1と同様にして得られたポリイミド17.9gに、γBLを131.3g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。
(合成例3)
合成例1と同様にして得られたポリイミド1.6gに、NEPを14.4g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。
(合成例4)
合成例1で得られたポリイミド1.6gに、NMPを14.4g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。
(合成例5)
合成例1で得られたポリイミド1.6gに、γBLを8g、NCPを6.4g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、CBDAを13.53g(0.069mol)、PMDAを6.54g(0.030mol)、ジアミン成分として、2,4-DAAを7.12g(0.035mol)、3-ABAを4.89g(0.040mol)、PCBA-PDAを10.19g(0.025mol)用い、NMP169.1g中、23℃で24時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
このポリアミック酸溶液150gに、NMPを350g加えて希釈し、無水酢酸21.74gとピリジン9.27gを加え、温度50℃で3時間反応させてイミド化した。
この反応溶液を室温程度まで冷却後、メタノール1.86l中に投入し、沈殿した固形物を回収した。さらに、この固形物をメタノールで数回洗浄した後、温度100℃で減圧乾燥して、ポリイミド(SPI)の白色粉末を得た。このポリイミドの数平均分子量は12,156、重量平均分子量は32,418であった。また、イミド化率は90%であった。
合成例6と同様にして得られたポリイミド4.8gに、γBLを35.2g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。
(合成例8)
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、TDAを15.01g(0.05mol)、ジアミン成分として、p-PDAを4.87g(0.045mol)、C18DABを1.88g(0.005mol)用い、NMP 123.3g中、50℃で24時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
このポリアミック酸溶液に、NMPを350g加えて希釈し、無水酢酸51.0gとピリジン23.7gを加え、温度40℃で3時間反応させてイミド化した。
この反応溶液を室温程度まで冷却後、メタノール1.7l中に投入し、沈殿した固形物を回収した。さらに、この固形物をメタノールで数回洗浄した後、温度100℃で減圧乾燥して、ポリイミド(SPI)の白色粉末を得た。このポリイミドの数平均分子量は9,273、重量平均分子量は18,815であった。また、イミド化率は84%であった。
合成例8と同様にして得られたポリイミド6.0gに、NEPを94.0g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。
(合成例10)
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、CBDAを4.90g(0.025mol)、PMDAを4.80g(0.022mol)、ジアミン成分として、DDMを9.91g(0.05mol)用い、NEP55.5g、γBL55.5g の混合溶媒中、室温で5時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸の数平均分子量は11,067、重量平均分子量が26,270であった。
(合成例11)
合成例10で得られたポリアミック酸溶液50gにNEP、BCを加え、ポリアミック酸が6質量%、NEPが59質量%、γ-BLが20質量%、BCが15質量%になるよう調製した。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、TDAを15.01g(0.05mol)、ジアミン成分として、p-PDAを2.70g(0.025mol)、2,4-DAAを3.05g(0.015mol)、PCBA-PDAを4.08g(0.01mol)用い、NMP 140.8g中、50℃で24時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
このポリアミック酸溶液に、NMPを331g加えて希釈し、無水酢酸51.0gとピリジン23.7gを加え、温度40℃で3時間反応させてイミド化した。
この反応溶液を室温程度まで冷却後、メタノール2.0l中に投入し、沈殿した固形物を回収した。さらに、この固形物をメタノールで数回洗浄した後、温度100℃で減圧乾燥して、ポリイミド(SPI)の白色粉末を得た。このポリイミドの数平均分子量は8,579、重量平均分子量は22,319であった。また、イミド化率は87%であった。
合成例12と同様にして得られたポリイミド6.0gに、γBLを94.0g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。
(合成例14)
合成例10で得られたポリアミック酸溶液50gにγBL、BCを加え、ポリアミック酸が6質量%、γBLが59質量%、NEPが20質量%、BCが15質量%になるよう調製した。
(合成例15)
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、CBDAを19.41g(0.099mol)、ジアミン成分として、BAPPを5.73g(0.02mol)、2,4-DAAを14.23g(0.07mol)、PCBA-PDAを4.08g(0.01mol)用い、NMP 246.2g中、23℃で24時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
このポリアミック酸溶液に、NMPを434g加えて希釈し、無水酢酸25.8gとピリジン11.0gを加え、温度35℃で3時間反応させてイミド化した。
この反応溶液を室温程度まで冷却後、メタノール2.7l中に投入し、沈殿した固形物を回収した。さらに、この固形物をメタノールで数回洗浄した後、温度100℃で減圧乾燥して、ポリイミド(SPI)の白色粉末を得た。このポリイミドの数平均分子量は12,132、重量平均分子量は26,538であった。また、イミド化率は70%であった。
合成例15と同様にして得られたポリイミド12.0gに、NEPを108.0g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。
(合成例17)
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、CBDAを19.41g(0.099mol)、ジアミン成分として、2,4-DAAを14.23g(0.07mol)、C12DABを8.77g(0.03mol)用い、NMP 169.7g中、23℃で24時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
このポリアミック酸溶液に、NMPを494.9g加えて希釈し、無水酢酸30.6gとピリジン13.1gを加え、温度50℃で3時間反応させてイミド化した。
この反応溶液を室温程度まで冷却後、メタノール2.6l中に投入し、沈殿した固形物を回収した。さらに、この固形物をメタノールで数回洗浄した後、温度100℃で減圧乾燥して、ポリイミド(SPI)の白色粉末を得た。このポリイミドの数平均分子量は11,098、重量平均分子量は21,431であった。また、イミド化率は91%であった。
(合成例18)
合成例17と同様にして得られたポリイミド1.6gに、NEPを14.4g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。
合成例2と同様にして得られた溶液20.23gを23℃まで冷却後、γBLを8.67g、NEPを4.93g、BCを14.78g加え、温度50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了後、23℃まで冷却し、均一な液晶配向処理剤を得た。得られた液晶配向処理剤の組成を表1に示す。
上記液晶配向処理剤について、以下のようにして液晶セルの電圧保持率の評価を行った。
液晶配向処理剤を透明電極付きガラス基板にスピンコートし、温度70℃のホットプレート上で70秒乾燥させた後、210℃のホットプレートで10分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの塗膜を形成させた。この塗膜面をロール径120mmのラビング装置でレーヨン布を用いて、ロール回転数1000rpm、ロール進行速度50mm/sec、押し込み量0.3mmの条件でラビングし、液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。
この基板を2枚用意し、その1枚の液晶配向膜面上に6μmのスペーサーを散布し、その上からシール剤を印刷し、もう1枚の基板を液晶配向膜面が向き合いラビング方向が直行するようにして張り合わせた後、シール剤を硬化させて空セルを作製した。この空セルに減圧注入法によって、液晶MLC-2003(メルク・ジャパン社製)を注入し、注入口を封止して、ツイストネマティック液晶セルを得た。
この液晶セルに、90℃の温度下で4Vの電圧を60μs間印加し、16.67ms後の電圧を測定し、電圧がどのくらい保持できているかを電圧保持率として計算した。なお、電圧保持率の測定には、東陽テクニカ社製のVHR-1電圧保持率測定装置を使用した。評価結果を表2に示す。
上記<液晶セルの作製>と同様にして得られた液晶セルを用いて、液晶のチルト角の測定を行った。測定にはAutronic社製のTBA107を用いた。測定は、加熱前(23℃)と、液晶セルを60℃に保持した条件で行った。結果を表3に示す。
上記<電圧保持率の評価>において、ラビングローラーの押し込みを0.2mmに変更し、さらにラビング方向が180°(アンチパラレル)になるようにして基板を張り合わせた以外は同じ条件で液晶セルを作成した。その際、液晶注入後に液晶セルの注入口から液晶の流動配向の有無を観察し、下記の評価を行った。
○:流動配向が観測されない。
△ :わずかに流動配向が観察される。
×:スジ状の流動配向が多数観測される。
評価結果を表3に示す。
上記<電圧保持率の評価>において、ラビングローラーの押し込みを0.5mmに変えた条件でラビングを行い、液晶配向膜付き基板を作成した。この液晶配向膜の表面をレーザー顕微鏡にて観察し、目視にて下記の評価を行った。
○:削れカスやラビング傷がほとんど発生しない。
×:カスが発生する、またはラビング傷がつく。
評価結果を表3に示す。
上記の液晶配向処理剤をクロム蒸着したガラス基板(以下Cr基板と省略)上(大きさ10cm x 10cm)に膜厚100nmになるようにスピンコートした。その後、温度23℃、湿度45%下で、スピンコート完了直後から膜が均一に乾燥するまでの時間を測定した。その結果340秒となった。
上記の液晶配向処理剤を、Cr基板上にそれぞれ約0.1ml滴下し、温度23℃、湿度45%の環境に放置した。この液滴の端近傍及び中央付近を1時間ごとに顕微鏡で観察した。なお、液滴の端近傍は100倍で、液滴の中央付近は50倍の倍率で観察を行った。6h以内に液滴の端及び中央付近に凝集物が見られた場合は×、6h経過しても見られない場合を○とした。結果を表2に記載した。
上記の液晶配向処理剤を洗浄したCr基板上に配向膜印刷機(日本写真印刷社製「オングストローマー」)を用いてフレキソ印刷した(タクトタイム30秒)。最初に空運転を10回実施した後、印刷を開始し、10枚目の印刷基板を観察に用いた。印刷後の基板は80℃のホットプレート上に5分間放置して塗膜の仮乾燥を行った。上記仮乾燥後の印刷エッジ付近を光学顕微鏡(ニコン社製「ECLIPSE ME600」)にて50倍で観察し、膜厚ムラが発生していないものを○、発生したものを×とした。結果を表2に記載した。
上記と同様な装置を用いて、印刷を実施した。空運転を10回実施した後、1分間印刷機を止め、印刷版を乾燥させた。その後Cr基板1枚印刷し、上記と同様に焼成した。焼成した基板は共焦点レーザー顕微鏡(レーザーテック(株)社製「VL2000」) で印刷エッジ付近を観察し、印刷エッジ付近に3μm以下の異物が発生していないものを○、発生したものを×とした。結果を表2に記載した。
上記液晶配向処理剤を-20℃で2ヶ月間保存し、析出、ワニスの白濁がないものを○、析出、ワニスの白濁があるものを×とした。
合成例2と同様にして得られた溶液21.00gを23℃まで冷却後、γBLを3.87g、NEPを10.21g、BCを15.32g加え、温度50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了後、23℃まで冷却し、均一な液晶配向処理剤を得た。得られた液晶配向処理剤の組成を表1にまとめた。
この液晶配向処理剤を用い、実施例1と同様に電圧保持率、チルト角、液晶配向性、ラビング耐性、乾燥速度、白化特性、印刷ムラ、印刷時の異物、保存安定性の評価を行った。結果は表2、表3に記載した。
合成例2と同様にして得られた溶液18.77gを23℃まで冷却後、γBLを7.08g、NCPを4.80g、BCを14.40g加え、温度50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了後、23℃まで冷却し、均一な液晶配向処理剤を得た。得られた液晶配向処理剤の組成を表1にまとめた。
この液晶配向処理剤を用い、実施例1と同様に電圧保持率、チルト角、液晶配向性、ラビング耐性、乾燥速度、白化特性、印刷ムラ、印刷時の異物、保存安定性の評価を行った。結果は表2、表3に記載した。
合成例2と同様にして得られた溶液19.49gを23℃まで冷却後、γBLを3.28g、NCPを9.60g、BCを14.40g加え、温度50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了後、23℃まで冷却し、均一な液晶配向処理剤を得た。得られた液晶配向処理剤の組成を表1に示す。
この液晶配向処理剤を用い、実施例1と同様に電圧保持率、チルト角、液晶配向性、ラビング耐性、乾燥速度、白化特性、印刷ムラ、印刷時の異物、保存安定性の評価を行った。結果は表2、表3に記載した。
合成例3と同様にして得られた溶液を室温程度まで冷却後、NEPを2.66g、BCを8.00g加え、温度50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了後、23℃まで冷却し、均一な液晶配向処理剤を得た。得られた液晶配向処理剤の組成を表1に示す。
この液晶配向処理剤を用い、実施例1と同様に電圧保持率、チルト角、液晶配向性、ラビング耐性、乾燥速度、白化特性、印刷ムラ、印刷時の異物、保存安定性の評価を行った。結果は表2、表3に記載した。
合成例7と同様にして得られた溶液20gを室温程度まで冷却後、γBLを8.8g、NEPを4.8g、BCを14.4g加え、温度50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了後、23℃まで冷却し、均一な液晶配向処理剤を得た。得られた液晶配向処理剤の組成を表1に示す。
この液晶配向処理剤を用い、実施例1と同様に電圧保持率、チルト角、液晶配向性、ラビング耐性、乾燥速度、白化特性、印刷ムラ、印刷時の異物、保存安定性の評価を行った。結果は表2、表3に記載した。
合成例7と同様にして得られた溶液20gを室温程度まで冷却後、γBLを4.0g、NEPを14.4g、BCを9.6g加え、温度50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了後、23℃まで冷却し、均一な液晶配向処理剤を得た。得られた液晶配向処理剤の組成を表1に示す。
この液晶配向処理剤を用い、実施例1と同様に電圧保持率、チルト角、液晶配向性、ラビング耐性、乾燥速度、白化特性、印刷ムラ、印刷時の異物、保存安定性の評価を行った。結果は表2、表3に記載した。
合成例9で得られた溶液20gと合成例11で得られた溶液80gを23℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了後、均一な液晶配向処理剤を得た。得られた液晶配向処理剤の組成を表1に示す。
この液晶配向処理剤を用い、実施例1と同様に電圧保持率、チルト角、液晶配向性、ラビング耐性、乾燥速度、白化特性、印刷ムラ、印刷時の異物、保存安定性の評価を行った。結果は表2、表3に記載した。
合成例13で得られた溶液20gと合成例14で得られた溶液80gを23℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了後、均一な液晶配向処理剤を得た。得られた液晶配向処理剤の組成を表1に示す。
この液晶配向処理剤を用い、実施例1と同様に電圧保持率、チルト角、液晶配向性、ラビング耐性、乾燥速度、白化特性、印刷ムラ、印刷時の異物、保存安定性の評価を行った。結果は表2、表3に記載した。
合成例16と同様にして得られた溶液60gを室温程度まで冷却後、DMIを20g、ECを20g加え、温度50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了後、23℃まで冷却し、均一な液晶配向処理剤を得た。得られた液晶配向処理剤の組成を表1に示す。
この液晶配向処理剤を用い、実施例1と同様に電圧保持率、チルト角、液晶配向性、ラビング耐性、乾燥速度、白化特性、印刷ムラ、印刷時の異物、保存安定性の評価を行った。結果は表2、表3に記載した。
合成例16と同様にして得られた溶液60gを室温程度まで冷却後、NMPを10g、BCを30g加え、温度50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了後、23℃まで冷却し、均一な液晶配向処理剤を得た。得られた液晶配向処理剤の組成を表1に示す。
この液晶配向処理剤を用い、実施例1と同様に電圧保持率、チルト角、液晶配向性、ラビング耐性、乾燥速度、白化特性、印刷ムラ、印刷時の異物、保存安定性の評価を行った。結果は表2、表3に記載した。
合成例18と同様にして得られた溶液を室温程度まで冷却後、NEPを2.66g、BCを8.00g加え、温度50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了後、23℃まで冷却し、均一な液晶配向処理剤を得た。得られた液晶配向処理剤の組成を表1に示す。
この液晶配向処理剤を用い、実施例1と同様に電圧保持率、チルト角、液晶配向性、ラビング耐性、乾燥速度、白化特性、印刷ムラ、印刷時の異物、保存安定性の評価を行った。結果は表2、表3に記載した。
合成例4と同様にして得られた溶液を23℃まで冷却後、NMPを2.66g、BCを8.00g加え、温度50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了後、23℃まで冷却し、均一な液晶配向処理剤を得た。得られた液晶配向処理剤の組成を表1にまとめた。
この液晶配向処理剤を用い、実施例1と同様に電圧保持率、チルト角、液晶配向性、ラビング耐性、乾燥速度、白化特性、印刷ムラ、印刷時の異物、保存安定性の評価を行った。結果は表2、表3に記載した。異物は観察されなかったが、白化、膜厚ムラが観察された。
合成例2と同様にして得られた溶液19.49gを23℃まで冷却後、γBLを3.28g、NMPを9.60g、BCを14.40g加え、温度50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了後、23℃まで冷却し、均一な液晶配向処理剤を得た。得られた液晶配向処理剤の組成を表1に示す。
この液晶配向処理剤を用い、実施例1と同様に電圧保持率、チルト角、液晶配向性、ラビング耐性、乾燥速度、白化特性、印刷ムラ、印刷時の異物、保存安定性の評価を行った。結果は表2、表3に記載した。白化特性は良好、異物も観察されなかったが、膜厚ムラが観察された。
合成例2と同様にして得られた溶液19.49gを23℃まで冷却後、γBLを9.03g、BCを9.13g、DPMを9.13g加え、温度50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了後、23℃まで冷却し、均一な液晶配向処理剤を得た。得られた液晶配向処理剤の組成を表1に示す。
この液晶配向処理剤を用い、実施例1と同様に電圧保持率、チルト角、液晶配向性、ラビング耐性、乾燥速度、白化特性、印刷ムラ、印刷時の異物、保存安定性の評価を行った。結果は表2、表3に記載した。白化特性は良好であったが、膜厚ムラが生じ、異物も観察された。
合成例5と同様にして得られた溶液を室温程度まで冷却後、NCPを6.40g、BCを9.60g加え、温度50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了後、23℃まで冷却し、均一な液晶配向処理剤を得た。得られた液晶配向処理剤の組成を表1に示す。
この液晶配向処理剤を用い、実施例1と同様に電圧保持率、チルト角、液晶配向性、ラビング耐性、乾燥速度、白化特性、印刷ムラ、印刷時の異物、保存安定性の評価を行った。結果は表2、表3に記載した。
なお、2008年6月4日に出願された日本特許出願2008-146792号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (11)
- ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物とを反応させて得られるポリアミック酸をイミド化して得られるポリイミドを含む樹脂成分と、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン又はN-シクロヘキシル-2-ピロリドンからなるピロリドン化合物を含む溶媒成分と、を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向処理剤。
- ピロリドン化合物がN-エチル-2-ピロリドンであり、該N-エチル-2-ピロリドンが溶媒成分の5~80質量%である請求項1に記載の液晶配向処理剤。
- ピロリドン化合物がN-シクロヘキシル-2-ピロリドンであり、該N-シクロヘキシル-2-ピロリドンが溶媒成分の5~40質量%である請求項1に記載の液晶配向処理剤。
- 樹脂成分が1~10質量%含有され、溶媒成分が90~99質量%含有される請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の液晶配向処理剤。
- ジアミン成分が、炭素数2又は3のアルケニル基で置換されたジ置換アミノ基を有するジアミノベンゼンである、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の液晶配向処理剤。
- 式[1]で表されるジアミンが、全ジアミン成分中20~90モル%含有される請求項6に記載の液晶配向処理剤。
- さらに、式[32]で表されるジアミンが、全ジアミン成分中5~40モル%含有される、請求項8に記載の液晶配向処理剤。
- 請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の液晶配向処理剤を電極付き基板上に塗布、焼成して得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項10に記載の液晶配向膜を有する液晶表示素子。
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| WO2011132751A1 (ja) * | 2010-04-22 | 2011-10-27 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 液晶配向処理剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
| WO2013035803A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-08 | 2013-03-14 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 液晶配向処理剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
| WO2013125595A1 (ja) * | 2012-02-22 | 2013-08-29 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 組成物、液晶配向処理剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
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| KR20140117593A (ko) | 2012-01-26 | 2014-10-07 | 닛산 가가쿠 고교 가부시키 가이샤 | 폴리이미드 바니시의 조제 방법, 및 액정 배향제 |
| TWI608278B (zh) * | 2011-10-13 | 2017-12-11 | Jsr股份有限公司 | 液晶配向劑、液晶配向膜及液晶顯示元件 |
| JP2019174800A (ja) * | 2018-03-27 | 2019-10-10 | Jnc株式会社 | 液晶配向膜を形成するための液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜およびこれを用いた液晶表示素子 |
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| JP5929565B2 (ja) * | 2011-10-13 | 2016-06-08 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
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| JP5990928B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-24 | 2016-09-14 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤 |
| KR102146140B1 (ko) * | 2012-08-10 | 2020-08-19 | 닛산 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 액정 배향제, 액정 배향막 및 액정 표시 소자 |
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| KR101775182B1 (ko) | 2010-04-22 | 2017-09-05 | 닛산 가가쿠 고교 가부시키 가이샤 | 액정 배향 처리제, 액정 배향막 및 액정 표시 소자 |
| KR101775181B1 (ko) | 2010-04-22 | 2017-09-05 | 닛산 가가쿠 고교 가부시키 가이샤 | 액정 배향 처리제, 액정 배향막 및 액정 표시 소자 |
| JP5713009B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-22 | 2015-05-07 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 液晶配向処理剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
| WO2011132751A1 (ja) * | 2010-04-22 | 2011-10-27 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 液晶配向処理剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
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| JPWO2013035803A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-08 | 2015-03-23 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 液晶配向処理剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
| TWI608278B (zh) * | 2011-10-13 | 2017-12-11 | Jsr股份有限公司 | 液晶配向劑、液晶配向膜及液晶顯示元件 |
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| JP2019174800A (ja) * | 2018-03-27 | 2019-10-10 | Jnc株式会社 | 液晶配向膜を形成するための液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜およびこれを用いた液晶表示素子 |
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| CN102084287B (zh) | 2014-05-07 |
| KR20110020867A (ko) | 2011-03-03 |
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| TW201011421A (en) | 2010-03-16 |
| KR101589328B1 (ko) | 2016-01-27 |
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