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WO2009033472A2 - Éolienne et procédé de fonctionnement d'une éolienne - Google Patents

Éolienne et procédé de fonctionnement d'une éolienne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009033472A2
WO2009033472A2 PCT/DE2008/001519 DE2008001519W WO2009033472A2 WO 2009033472 A2 WO2009033472 A2 WO 2009033472A2 DE 2008001519 W DE2008001519 W DE 2008001519W WO 2009033472 A2 WO2009033472 A2 WO 2009033472A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid
rotor
wind turbine
imbalance
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2008/001519
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2009033472A3 (fr
Inventor
Edwin Becker
Johann Lösl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Prueftechnik Dieter Busch AG
Original Assignee
Prueftechnik Dieter Busch AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Prueftechnik Dieter Busch AG filed Critical Prueftechnik Dieter Busch AG
Priority to DE112008003090T priority Critical patent/DE112008003090A5/de
Publication of WO2009033472A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009033472A2/fr
Publication of WO2009033472A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009033472A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/30—Commissioning, e.g. inspection, testing or final adjustment before releasing for production
    • F03D13/35—Balancing static or dynamic imbalances
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M1/00—Testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures
    • G01M1/30—Compensating imbalance
    • G01M1/36—Compensating imbalance by adjusting position of masses built-in the body to be tested
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/334—Vibration measurements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • Wind energy plant and method for operating a wind energy plant Wind energy plant and method for operating a wind energy plant
  • the present invention relates to a wind turbine and a method for operating a wind turbine.
  • Wind turbines typically include a rotor with a hub and three rotor blades mounted in horizontal alignment in a nacelle, one of which
  • Rotor driven generator houses and rotatably mounted on a tower.
  • the rotor blades are adjustably mounted on the rotor hub to control the angle of attack of each individual rotor blade separately. In the current research is even considered, too
  • Parts of the rotor blade to be adjusted separately.
  • the angle of attack also called pitch angle
  • the speed of the rotor can be controlled.
  • Wind turbines are generally susceptible to vibration, in particular due to imbalances of the rotor.
  • the imbalances occurring essentially have the following causes: on the one hand, mass imbalances, in particular due to unequal rotor blade masses or unequal mass distributions in the individual rotor blade, hub unbalance, eccentricities of the complete rotor, ice accumulation on the rotor blades, water penetration into the interior of the rotor blades, and on the other aerodynamic imbalances, especially due From blade angle errors, unequal rotor blade profile shapes, rotor blade damage, oblique flow of the rotor and location-based suggestions from the outside, eg turret buildup and the fact that wind speed usually depends on altitude above ground so that one and the same rotor blade is subject to different aerodynamic forces, depending on whether it is straight down or up.
  • Such imbalances lead to increased wear of the wind turbine. Minimizing the imbalance of the rotor is therefore desirable.
  • test weights which are typically lead belt or steel plates, attached by means of tension straps on the rotor blades, then from the comparison of vibration measurements without or with the test weights the balancing quality of the rotor (im
  • Test weights is the relatively complex assembly and disassembly of the test weights.
  • An overview of the vibration problem in wind turbines can be found, for example, in the magazine telediagnose.com, issue no. 12, at www.telediagnose.com/telediagnose/index.html.
  • DE 102 19 664 Al a wind turbine is described in which sensor elements are provided for determining mechanical loads of the rotor on the rotor blades and on the rotor shaft in order to adjust the rotor blades on the basis of the determined mechanical loads.
  • the sensors provided on the rotor shaft serve to detect pitching and yawing moments.
  • the rotor blades may be provided with ballast tanks for pumping water from a storage tank provided in the hub into the ballast tanks or discharging water from the ballast tanks into the storage tank to minimize any possible rotor imbalance by re-trimming. While the filling of the ballast tanks is also possible during operation, the rotor must be stopped in the appropriate position to discharge a ballast tank.
  • GB 2 319 812 A discloses an aircraft turbine in which the blades are provided with chambers into which liquid can be selectively introduced from a hoop-like ring via valve-controlled supply lines, wherein the ring co-rotates and from a stationary line via a stationary line Reservoir is filled with liquid.
  • the selective filling of the chambers with liquid serves to compensate for an imbalance caused by damage or loss of one of the turbine blades, wherein the occurrence of an imbalance is detected by means of a vibration sensor arranged on the turbine housing.
  • WO 01/98745 A1 an aircraft propeller is described in which the propeller shaft is provided with liquid reservoirs between which liquid can be selectively pumped back and forth to balance the system, with imbalances being detected by detecting vibrations.
  • WO 2006/054828 A1 EP 0 732 574 A2 and EP 0 325 521 Bl, centrifuges with balancing chambers are described, which can be filled selectively with liquid for balancing the centrifuge.
  • a wind turbine according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 27 are advantageous in that the rotor imbalance is continuously detected during operation of the wind turbine and liquid depending on the detected imbalance in the operation of the Rotor is transferred into or out of the liquid tank in or on the rotor blades, the imbalance of the rotor can be continuously minimized and so the wear of the wind turbine can be reduced.
  • the rotor imbalance is detected by means of a vibration sensor arranged on the hub main bearing, which is preferably an accelerometer, or by means of a two-axis inclinometer, which detects the inclination of the wind turbine and can be arranged in the nacelle or at the top of the tower.
  • a vibration sensor arranged on the hub main bearing, which is preferably an accelerometer, or by means of a two-axis inclinometer, which detects the inclination of the wind turbine and can be arranged in the nacelle or at the top of the tower.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic example of a wind turbine according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the essential components of the wind turbine of Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of an alternative embodiment of the liquid tank of a wind turbine according to the invention in longitudinal section
  • Fig. 4 is a view like Fig. 3, wherein a further alternative embodiment of the liquid tank is shown.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic example of a wind energy plant according to the invention.
  • a rotor 10 is provided with a hub 12 for three rotor blades 14 (only two of which are shown in FIG. 1).
  • the rotor 10 is mounted in a horizontal orientation in a nacelle 16 which accommodates a generator 18 which is driven by the rotor shaft 20 via a gearbox 22.
  • the nacelle 16 is rotatably mounted on a tower 24 about a vertical axis.
  • the nacelle further includes a sensor 26 for wind speed and wind direction.
  • a sensor 28 for detecting the rotational speed of the rotor 10 is provided.
  • a vibration sensor 30 is provided as the unbalance sensor, which is preferably designed as a piezo sensor and which is capable of vibrations at very low frequencies, i. in the range of 0.1 to 5 Hz.
  • the unbalance sensor which is preferably designed as a piezo sensor and which is capable of vibrations at very low frequencies, i. in the range of 0.1 to 5 Hz.
  • Basically come as unbalance sensors all suitable for measuring imbalances sensors in question, in particular force measuring devices, such as load cells, and strain gauges.
  • the rotor blades 14 are each adjustable by means of a blade adjustment 32 about its longitudinal axis with respect to the hub 12 in order to realize a pitch adjustment of the rotor blades 14 in the usual way.
  • each rotor blade 14 is adjusted individually.
  • each rotor blade 14 at least one liquid tank 34 is provided, which via lines
  • the manifold assembly 38 is connected to a
  • Pump 40 in communication, which in turn is connected to a liquid reservoir 42.
  • the manifold assembly 38, the pump 40 and the liquid reservoir 42 are in the hub 12 fixed with respect to the hub 12 and rotate accordingly in the operation of the rotor 10 with.
  • a control unit 44 is provided to control the pump 40 and the manifold assembly 38, respectively.
  • the liquid may be, for example, water, if necessary with the addition of antifreeze, for example glycol.
  • FIG. 2 a block diagram of the components of FIG. 1 is shown.
  • the signal of the vibration sensor 30 is supplied to the control unit 44 in order to continuously determine the unbalance of the rotor 10 from the vibration signal, wherein the rotor speed detected by the speed sensor 28 is preferably taken into account in order to sort the vibration signal at the corresponding speed range and to be able to evaluate the speed.
  • the measurement period for the vibration measurement by means of the vibration sensor 30 is typically in the range of minutes and is preferably at least one minute.
  • the control device 44 preferably has an input for the blade adjustment 32 and an input for the wind sensor 26.
  • the controller 44 From the determined rotor imbalance, possibly taking into account the blade adjustment 32 and the signals of the wind sensor 26, the controller 44 generates a control signal for the of the Pump 40 and the distributor 38 formed liquid transfer assembly to selectively transfer liquid between the liquid reservoir 42 and the liquid tank 34 in response to the detected unbalance to continuously minimize the imbalance of the rotor 10.
  • the pitch adjustment 32 takes into account as input signals, inter alia, the signals of the wind sensor 26 and the speed sensor 28 and an output signal of the control unit 44, which is representative of the detected rotor imbalance. In this way, the blade adjustment 32 of the speed control and can also assist in the compensation of imbalances of the rotor 10. In this case, a smoothing of the dynamics of the blade adjustment is made possible by the described pumping of liquid into or out of the tanks 34.
  • the electrical supply to the co-rotating pump 40 is preferably via a slip ring (not shown).
  • the supply / discharge line 36 is respectively connected to the rotor hub 12 far end of the tank 34, whereby when rotating the rotor 10 not only the possibility of liquid supply to the tanks 34, but also the possibility of liquid discharge from the tanks 34 is ensured at all times, because due to the centrifugal force always liquid at the rotor hub 12 far end of the tank 34 is present, even if the tank 34 contains little liquid and air is in the system.
  • the tank 34 may be formed with rigid walls or bag-like with flexible walls.
  • one single tank 34 or even several such tanks can be provided per rotor blade 14.
  • a plurality of such reservoirs may also be provided.
  • a pump 40 provided in common for all tanks 34
  • a separate fluid pump may also be provided, for example for each of the rotor blades 14 or for each of the tanks 34.
  • the manifold assembly 38 may take the form of a block, as shown in FIG. be realized as a three-way valve, also by separately controlled valves in each of the supply lines / leads 36.
  • Fig. 3 is a modification of the liquid tank 34 is shown, wherein a two-chamber system is shown with a pressurized air from a compressed air source 46 to be acted upon via a line 48 balloon-like bag 50 in the tank 34;
  • the liquid level in the tank 34 is controllable by the pressure in the compressed air bag 50.
  • the outer walls of the tank 34 may be rigid. With such an embodiment, u.U. even dispensed with a liquid pump, since when filling the tank 34 due to the centrifugal liquid would flow on lowering the air pressure in the bag 50 by itself and when draining the tank 34 by increasing the air pressure in the bag 50 liquid from the tank 34 could be pressed.
  • the fluid tube 36 is shown as being connected at the near-end of the tank 34.
  • Fig. 4 an alternative embodiment of the tank 34 is shown, wherein the tank 34 is formed as a two-chamber bag, which has a flexible outer skin, which surrounds the compressed air bag 50 and applies in the liquid-filled state to the inner wall of the rotor blade 14.
  • the liquid tanks 34 are not arranged in the interior of the leaves 14, but they are on the
  • Tension straps are attached to the respective sheet. This solution is especially as Retrofit already existing wind turbines of interest, since an arrangement of the tanks inside the sheets already in the construction of the wind turbine must be considered.
  • the rotor blades must be provided on the outside in each case with at least one liquid tank, wherein temporary imbalance conditions are generated by means of liquid in the liquid tank, and wherein by means of an arranged on the hub main bearing unbalance sensor measuring signals are detected in a frequency range of 0.1 to 5 Hz to off
  • the temporary unbalance states of the rotor By varying the total amount of liquid attached to the respective rotor blade, different temporary unbalance states can thus be generated in a simple manner, which are required for determining the mass imbalance of the rotor.
  • the mass imbalance can be minimized by means of suitable test masses in the form of liquid in the tanks, the tanks then remain with the determined optimum level on the rotor blades and the rotor is operated in this state.
  • the balancing quality is determined in each case for different temporary unbalance states of the rotor produced by means of liquid in the liquid tank, and that of the temporary unbalance states with the lowest balancing quality is selected for the operation of the wind energy plant.
  • the process i. Determining the balancing quality or minimizing the balancing quality at regular intervals, eg. B once a year, be repeated.
  • the liquid tanks are filled in the mounted on the leaves state by means of a transfer arrangement from a liquid reservoir with liquid.
  • the Liquid reservoir can be provided in the nacelle or on the ground, for example as a tank in a truck, wherein the transfer arrangement expediently corresponding lines, eg in the form of a tube.
  • the imbalance sensor can be part of a hand-held device that the service technician carries with him.
  • the liquid tanks are preferably liquid sacks which are fastened to the respective rotor blade by means of tension straps.
  • the detection of the imbalance of the rotor 10 instead of means of the hub main bearing 21 arranged vibration sensor 30 by means of a biaxial inclinometer 52 for determining the inclination of the wind turbine can be determined.
  • It is preferably an inclinometer that can be read out electrically or electronically so that its signals can be processed by the control device 44.
  • a rotor imbalance inevitably causes a corresponding periodic change in the inclination of the wind turbine during operation of the system, so that can be deduced from the measurement of the inclination of the wind turbine by means of the inclinometer 52 on the rotor imbalance.
  • the inclinometer 52 may be disposed on the nacelle 12 or on the top of the tower 24.
  • the inclinometer 52 is MEMS-based.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une éolienne comportant un rotor (10) pourvu d'un moyeu (12) et d'au moins deux pales (14), qui renferment chacune au moins un réservoir de liquide (34) ou sont reliées de manière rigide à au moins un réservoir de liquide, un détecteur de balourd (30, 52), une unité de commande (44) destinée à déterminer en continu un balourd du rotor à partir du signal du détecteur de balourd, au moins une cuve à liquide (42) ainsi qu'un ensemble de transfert (36, 38, 40, 46, 48, 50), commandé de façon appropriée par l'unité de commande et destiné à transférer le liquide entre le réservoir ou les réservoirs de liquide et la cuve à liquide en fonction du balourd déterminé, lorsque le rotor tourne, afin de minimiser en continu le balourd du rotor.
PCT/DE2008/001519 2007-09-14 2008-09-11 Éolienne et procédé de fonctionnement d'une éolienne Ceased WO2009033472A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112008003090T DE112008003090A5 (de) 2007-09-14 2008-09-11 Windenergieanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Windenergieanlage

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007043844 2007-09-14
DE102007043844.5 2007-09-14
DE102008023109.6 2008-05-09
DE102008023109A DE102008023109A1 (de) 2007-09-14 2008-05-09 Windenergieanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Windenergieanlage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009033472A2 true WO2009033472A2 (fr) 2009-03-19
WO2009033472A3 WO2009033472A3 (fr) 2010-01-07

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PCT/DE2008/001519 Ceased WO2009033472A2 (fr) 2007-09-14 2008-09-11 Éolienne et procédé de fonctionnement d'une éolienne

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DE (2) DE102008023109A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009033472A2 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2290235A2 (fr) 2009-08-28 2011-03-02 PRÜFTECHNIK Dieter Busch AG Dispositif et procédé de détection du chargement de pales de rotor pivotantes
DE102009053132A1 (de) * 2009-11-05 2011-05-12 Prüftechnik Dieter Busch AG Vorrichtung zur Messung der relativen Ausrichtung zweier Gegenstände und zur Schwingungsmessung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung einer Qualitätskennzahl
DE102010006254A1 (de) * 2010-01-28 2011-08-18 Prüftechnik Dieter Busch AG, 85737 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Überwachen rotierender Maschinenelemente
DE102012201470A1 (de) * 2012-02-01 2013-08-01 Aktiebolaget Skf Windkraftanlage
US8607635B2 (en) 2009-11-05 2013-12-17 Pruftechnik Dieter Busch Ag Device for measuring the relative alignment of two articles, method for determining a quality characteristic and vibration measurement device and method
CN113227567A (zh) * 2018-12-17 2021-08-06 乌本产权有限公司 用于检测风能设备的不同振动的方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011032606A1 (fr) * 2009-09-21 2011-03-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé d'équilibrage d'un rotor monté sur un moyeu d'une éolienne
ITRM20110010A1 (it) * 2011-01-13 2012-07-14 Francesco Marano Pala eolica a massa variabile
DE102012009145A1 (de) 2012-05-08 2013-11-14 Siemag Tecberg Group Gmbh Windenergieanlage mit horizontaler Rotorwelle und mit drehbarem Turm
EP3225841B1 (fr) 2016-03-31 2021-10-20 Nordex Energy Spain, S.A. Procédé d'équilibrage d'un rotor de turbine éolienne, turbine éolienne et système associé
DE102016125024B4 (de) * 2016-12-20 2018-08-23 Markus Reinelt Energiespeicher
CN109989878B (zh) * 2019-04-28 2023-08-25 福州大学 电磁式风力发电机叶轮不平衡补偿装置及方法

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2290235A2 (fr) 2009-08-28 2011-03-02 PRÜFTECHNIK Dieter Busch AG Dispositif et procédé de détection du chargement de pales de rotor pivotantes
DE102009053132A1 (de) * 2009-11-05 2011-05-12 Prüftechnik Dieter Busch AG Vorrichtung zur Messung der relativen Ausrichtung zweier Gegenstände und zur Schwingungsmessung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung einer Qualitätskennzahl
US8607635B2 (en) 2009-11-05 2013-12-17 Pruftechnik Dieter Busch Ag Device for measuring the relative alignment of two articles, method for determining a quality characteristic and vibration measurement device and method
US9400209B2 (en) 2009-11-05 2016-07-26 Prüftechnik Dieter Busch AG Device for measuring the relative alignment of two articles, and vibration measurement device
US9482574B2 (en) 2009-11-05 2016-11-01 Prueftechnik Dieter Busch Ag Method for determining a quality characteristic and for vibration measurement
US9605997B2 (en) 2009-11-05 2017-03-28 Prueftechnik Dieter Busch Ag Method for determining a quality characteristic and vibration measurement method
DE102010006254A1 (de) * 2010-01-28 2011-08-18 Prüftechnik Dieter Busch AG, 85737 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Überwachen rotierender Maschinenelemente
DE102012201470A1 (de) * 2012-02-01 2013-08-01 Aktiebolaget Skf Windkraftanlage
CN113227567A (zh) * 2018-12-17 2021-08-06 乌本产权有限公司 用于检测风能设备的不同振动的方法
US12025101B2 (en) 2018-12-17 2024-07-02 Wobben Properties Gmbh Method for detecting different vibrations of a wind turbine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102008023109A1 (de) 2009-03-19
DE112008003090A5 (de) 2010-08-12
WO2009033472A3 (fr) 2010-01-07

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