WO2009016777A1 - Work machine - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] A work machine in which a tool attached to a tool holder performs highly accurate work. This is achieved by adapting the tool holder to be adjustable in the radial direction and by preventing a change in centrifugal force as much as possible. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] An annular elastic holder part (24) having one end secured to the tool holder (20) and the other end forming an open end (24a) is attached to the tool holder (20). Two or more tools, such as semi-finishing blades (26a, 26b) and finishing blades (28a, 28b), are fitted to the open end (24a). A pressing mechanism (32) is installed in the tool holder (20), and the pressing mechanism (32) moves forward and backward in the axial direction of the tool holder (20) to press the annular elastic holder part (24), deforming the open end (24a) into an elliptic shape. When the opening end (24a) is deformed in the elliptic shape, the semi-finishing blades (26a, 26b) move radially inward and the finishing blades (28a, 28b) move radially outward.

Description

 Specification

Work machine

【Technical field】

 The present invention relates to a work machine in which two or more tools are attached to a tool holder that can rotate integrally with a spindle. [Background]

 In general, various tools such as tools attached to a tool holder, for example, machine tools (work machines) for processing a workpiece through a processing tool are used. For example, the boring of a cylinder constituting an engine block requires that the inner cylinder diameter be machined with high accuracy on a micron order. For this reason, the boring calorie is usually divided into three processes: rough boring (roughing), medium finishing boring (medium finishing caloe), and finishing boring (finishing force).

 In this type of boring, especially in finish boring, a high-precision machining diameter must be formed, and machining with a single blade is performed. However, in finishing boring with mass production equipment, the cutting edge is extremely worn due to a single cutting edge, resulting in a reduced machining diameter. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the position of the cutting edge in accordance with the change of the machining diameter due to the wear of the cutting edge and maintain a constant boring diameter.

Therefore, for example, it is conceivable to use the cylindrical inner surface processing apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1. This machining apparatus is provided with a roughing cutting tool and a finishing gear cutting tool at positions opposite to each other on the outer periphery of the tip of the boring head, and perpendicular to the central axis of the machining head. And applying pressure in a direction from the finishing tool to the roughing tool. It is characterized in that an elastic holder part is provided for moving each cutting tool in the same direction while moving and deforming in the direction. In Patent Document 1, it is compact and rigid, and the movement (correction) of the cutting tool position can be performed with high accuracy. [Patent Document 1]

 JP 2 0 0 3-3 1 1 5 1 7

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

 [Problems to be solved by the invention]

 By the way, in the above processing head, if you try to adjust the worn blade edge

The boring bar moves in the radial direction with respect to the spindle. When the boring bar moves in the radial direction, the center of gravity of this boring bar also moves. For this reason, the centrifugal force generated in the machining head and boring bar also fluctuates.

 In recent years, in the boring of cylinders, the number of spindle rotations has increased as high-speed machining has become possible by improving the grade of the blade. As a result, the influence of the centrifugal force generated on the boring par cannot be ignored, and there is a need for a boring apparatus capable of suppressing the change in centrifugal force even when the cutting edge is corrected.

 The present invention has been made in response to this type of request, and adjusts the position of the tool attached to the tool holder in the radial direction of the tool holder and prevents the change in centrifugal force as much as possible. The purpose is to provide a work machine that can efficiently perform high-precision work. [Means for Solving the Problems]

The present invention includes a tool holder that can rotate integrally with a spindle, one end fixed to the tool holder, the other end forming an open end, and two or more tools on the open end side. With at least 2 mounting parts, and at least 2 An annular elastic holder portion integrally provided with a beam portion that is connected to the two attachment portions and extends toward the rotation axis, and presses the beam portion by advancing and retreating in the axial direction of the tool holder. A pressing mechanism capable of adjusting the distance from the rotation axis of at least two of the tools by deforming the open end side in a state where the center of gravity of the elastic holder portion is maintained on the rotation axis. Yes.

 The beam portion is connected to the inner wall of the mounting portion to form an arc-shaped beam portion that passes through the axial center position of the annular inertia holder portion, and the arc-shaped beam portion is pressurized in the axial direction by a pressurizing mechanism. It is preferable that the open end is configured to be elastically deformable into an elliptical shape.

 Furthermore, the work machine includes two first tools attached to the short axis side of the open end that elastically deforms into an elliptical shape, and two second tools attached to the long axis side of the open end. It is preferable.

 Furthermore, it is preferable that the circular trajectory of the first tool is set to have a larger diameter than the circular trajectory of the second tool in a state where the pressure applied by the pressurizing mechanism is not applied to the annular elastic holder part.

 In addition, the pressurizing mechanism applies a pressure to the annular elastic holder portion by the fluid pressure, and the first tool and the second tool are in the neutral position in a state where the pressure by the fluid pressure is not applied. It is preferable to automatically return.

 Furthermore, the first tool is a first machining blade that performs a first machining on the inner peripheral surface of the workpiece, and the second tool performs a second machining on the inner circumferential surface after the first machining. It is preferable that it is the 2nd processing blade to perform.

 Furthermore, the beam portion constitutes an arcuate beam portion connected to the inner wall of the mounting portion, and the arcuate beam portion is pressed in the axial direction by the pressurizing mechanism, so that the open end portion is triangular. It is preferably configured to be elastically deformable into a polygonal shape.

Moreover, it is preferable that a tool is attached corresponding to the corner | angular part of the open end part elastically deformed to a triangular shape or a polygonal shape. The invention's effect】 In the work machine according to the present invention, when the annular elastic holder portion is pressurized via the pressurizing mechanism, the open end side is deformed in a state where the center of gravity of the annular elastic holder portion is maintained on the rotation axis. At that time, two or more tools are attached to the open end portion via an attachment portion, and the two or more tools are adjusted (corrected) in the radial direction of the tool holder.

 Therefore, for example, tools attached to the short axis side of the open end part that elastically deforms into an elliptical shape, or tools attached to the long axis side of the open end part are corrected by the same distance from the rotation axis. Therefore, the center of gravity does not move. This makes it possible to perform highly accurate work efficiently and reliably, especially when rotating at high speed.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

 FIG. 1 is a perspective explanatory view of a machine tool 10 that is a work machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of the machine tool 10.

 The machine tool 10 includes a main body 12, and a housing 14 is slidably mounted on the main body 12. When a spindle (spindle) 16 is rotatably provided in the housing 14 via a bearing 18, a tool holder 20 is detachably attached to the spindle 16.

 As shown in FIG. 2, an air pipe 2 2 is disposed in the housing 14 along the axis of the spindle 16, and an air passage 2 2 that communicates with an air supply source (not shown) in the air pipe 2 2. a is formed.

One end of the tool holder 20 is fixed to the tool holder 20, and the other end is attached with an annular elastic holder portion 24 that forms an open end portion 24 a. On the open end 2 4 a side, there are two or more tools, for example, medium finishing blade (first processing blade) 2 6 a, 2 6 b and finishing blade (second processing blade) 2 8 a, 2 8 b Installed (see Figure 3). In the tool holder 20, the open end 2 4 a can be deformed into an elliptical shape by advancing and retreating in the axial direction (arrow A direction) of the tool holder 20 and pressurizing the annular elastic holder 24. A pressure mechanism 3 2 is provided. The pressurizing mechanism 32 includes a pneumatic cylinder part 34 communicating with the air passage 22a and a hydraulic cylinder part 36 disposed downstream of the pneumatic cylinder part 34. The pneumatic cylinder unit 34 has an air hydraulic pressure conversion chamber 38 communicating with the air passage 22a, and a first piston 40 is slidably disposed in the air hydraulic pressure conversion chamber 38. The first piston 40 is pressed in a direction away from the hydraulic cylinder part 36 via the spring 42.

 The rod 40 0a of the first piston 40 is disposed in the hydraulic chamber 44 constituting the hydraulic cylinder part 36 so as to be able to advance and retract. In the hydraulic chamber 44, a second piston 46 is slidably disposed. The rod 46a of the second piston 46 is disposed so as to protrude into the annular elastic holder portion 24.

 As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the annular elastic holder portion 24 has a substantially columnar shape and is provided with a disk-like base portion 48 that is fixed to the tip of the tool holder 20. The base part 48 is provided with a ring body 50, and the intermediate finishing blades 26a and 26b are exchangeably attached to the open end 24a side of the ring body 50. 1st bank part (mounting part) 5 2 a, 5 2 b and 2nd bank part (mounting part) 5 4 a, 5 4 b And are formed.

 When the annular elastic holder portion 24 is pressurized in the direction of the arrow A 1 by the pressurizing mechanism 32, the open end portion 24a elastically deforms into an elliptical shape, and the short axis of the open end portion 24a The intermediate finishing blades 2 6 a and 2 6 b are attached to the side, while the finishing blades 2 8 a and 2 8 b are attached to the long axis side of the open end portion 2 4 a.

 Specifically, the second bank portions 5 4 a and 5 4 b are integrated by an arc-shaped beam portion 56 extending toward the inside (the rotation axis side) of the ring body 50. The beam part 5 6 can be elastically deformed, and when the pressurizing mechanism 3 2 is not applied, the intermediate finishing blades 2 6 a and 2 6 b are in positions corresponding to the intermediate finishing diameter D 1. On the other hand, the finishing blades 28 a and 28 b are arranged inward from the position corresponding to the intermediate finishing diameter D 1.

The beam part 56 has a bottom part 56a in the axial direction by the rod 46a of the second piston 46. The finishing blades 2 8 a and 2 8 b, which are deformed when pressed and attached to the second bank 5 4 a and 5 4 b, move outward in the radius and have a finishing force diameter D Place it at the position corresponding to 2.

 On the other hand, the first bank parts 5 2 a and 5 2 b do not grow directly with the beam parts 5 6, and the second bank parts 5 4 a and 5 4 b have a phase difference of 90 degrees. have. Therefore, when a pressing force in the direction of arrow A 1 is applied to the beam portion 56, the first bank portions 5 2a, 5 2b are opposite to the second bank portions 5 4a, 5 4b, that is, Move inward radius. For this reason, the intermediate finishing blades 2 6 a and 2 6 b attached to the first puncture parts 5 2 a and 5 2 b move inwardly from the position corresponding to the finishing diameter D 2. To place.

 The operation of the machine tool 10 according to the first embodiment configured as described above will be described below.

 First, when semi-finished machining is performed on the cylinder 60 (for example, engine cylinder block) 60 0a through the semi-finishing blades 2 6a and 2 6b, the air passage 2 2a is pressurized. Air is not supplied. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, since the pressing force by the rod 4 6 a is not applied to the beam portion 5 6, the intermediate finishing blades 2 6 a and 2 6 b have the intermediate finishing force diameter D 1 On the other hand, the finishing blades 2 8 a and 2 8 b are arranged inward from the position corresponding to the intermediate finishing diameter D 1. Therefore, when the spindle 16 is rotated under the action of a rotational drive source (not shown), the tool holder 20 rotates integrally with the annular elastic holder portion 24. On the open end portion 2 4 a of the annular elastic holder portion 2 4, intermediate finishing blades 2 6 a and 2 6 b are arranged at positions corresponding to the intermediate finishing diameter D 1. Therefore, the intermediate finishing blades 2 6 a and 2 6 b perform intermediate finishing on the hole 6 0 a of the cylindrical body 60, while the finishing blades 2 8 a and 2 8 b have the hole 6 0 a It is placed inward of the inside and does not interfere with the finishing process.

As described above, when the medium finishing force of the hole 60 a is completed, the pressurized air is supplied from the air supply source (not shown) to the air passage 22 a. This pressurized air is Four

The first piston 40 is moved to the air hydraulic pressure conversion chamber 3 8 in the direction of arrow A 1. Accordingly, the rod 40a of the first piston ⁴⁰ enters the hydraulic chamber 4 4 constituting the hydraulic cylinder part 36, and the second piston ⁴ 6 moves in the direction of arrow A1 via the hydraulic pressure. The rod 46a of the second biston 46 presses the bottom part 56a of the beam part 56 constituting the annular elastic holder part 24 in the direction of arrow A1. In the annular elastic holder portion 24, the second bank portions 5 4a and 5 4b formed integrally with the beam portion 56 move radially outward by the elastic deformation of the beam portion 56 (see FIG. 7) At that time, the finishing blades 2 8 a and 2 8 b attached to the second bank sections 5 4 a and 5 4 b move outward in the radius and are arranged at positions corresponding to the finished machining diameter D 2. (See Fig. 3). On the other hand, the intermediate finishing blades 2 6 a and 2 6 b attached to the first bank parts 5 2 a and 5 2 b move inwardly from the position corresponding to the finishing diameter D 2. To place.

 When the tool holder 20 rotates together with the annular elastic holder portion 24 under the rotating action of the spindle 16, the finishing blades 2 8 a and 2 8 b are aligned with the hole portion 6 0 a of the cylindrical body 60. On the other hand, the intermediate finishing blades 2 6 a and 2 6 b are disposed inward of the hole 60 a and do not interfere with the finishing process.

 In this case, in the first embodiment, when the annular inertia holder portion 24 is pressurized in the direction of the arrow A1 via the pressurizing mechanism 32, the open end portion 24a of the annular elastic holder portion 24 Is elastically deformed into an elliptical shape. That is, the intermediate finishing blades 2 6 a and 2 6 b attached to the first bank parts 5 2 a and 5 2 b move in the radius inward by the same dimension, and the second puncture parts 5 4 a and 5 The finishing blades 2 8 a and 2 8 b attached to 5 4 b have moved by the same dimension outward in the radius.

For this reason, the ring-shaped inertia holder part 24 has the intermediate finishing blades 2 6 a, 2 6 b and finishing blades 2 8 a, 2 8 b in a state where the center of gravity of the annular elastic holder part 2 is maintained on the rotation axis. Force Tool holder 20 The position is adjusted (corrected) in the radial direction. As a result, the tool holder 20 can obtain an effect that it can efficiently perform a highly accurate machining operation on the cylindrical body 60. In particular, in cylinder boring, the centrifugal force changes due to the correction of the cutting edge positions of the intermediate finishing blades 2 6 a and 2 6 b and the finishing blades 2 8 a and 2 8 b even if the rotation speed of the spindle 16 increases. It can be suppressed as much as possible, and high-speed machining can be performed well.

 Moreover, in the first embodiment, two finishing blades 2 8 a and 2 8 b are provided in order to perform the finishing force. Accordingly, one of the blades, for example, the finishing blade 28a can be used as the first finishing blade, and the other blade, for example, the finishing blade 28b can be used as the final finishing blade. This makes it possible to carry out highly accurate boring with a stable minimum allowance.

 Furthermore, the correction movement in the radial direction of the intermediate finishing blades 2 6 a and 2 6 b and the finishing blades 2 8 a and 2 8 occurs when the beam 5 6 is pressed with the rod 4 6 a. This is done by elastic deformation. For this reason, the annular elastic holder portion 24 is free from sliding friction, has no sliding resistance associated with the correcting operation, and can easily perform highly accurate correction movement. In particular, when the tool holder 20 rotates at a high speed, a large centrifugal force acts on each part, but there is an advantage that smooth correction movement is performed because there is no sliding resistance.

 Furthermore, the amount of deformation in the radial direction of the ring body 50 is proportional to the force pressing the beam portion 56. As a result, the adjustment movement amount of the finishing blades 28 a and 28 b can be finely controlled by pressure control by an external controller, and open-loop control is possible.

 In the first embodiment, the pressurizing mechanism 32 includes the pneumatic cylinder unit 34 and the hydraulic cylinder unit 36, but is not limited thereto. For example, a pressure rod that moves forward and backward under the rotating action of the motor can be used. In addition to the air, various media such as coolant are used as the pressurizing medium.

Further, the beam portion 5 6 of the annular elastic holder portion 2 4 is pressed in the direction of the arrow A 1 through the pressurizing mechanism 3 2. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the beam portion 5 By pressing 6 in the direction opposite to the arrow A 1 direction, the annular elastic holder part 2 The diameter of 4 can be reduced.

 FIG. 8 is an explanatory perspective view of the annular elastic holder part 70 constituting the machine tool according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 9 is an explanatory front view of the annular elastic holder part 70. The annular elastic holder part 70 is used in place of the annular elastic holder part 24 in the machine tool 10 according to the first embodiment.

 The annular elastic holder part 70 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and the base part 48 is provided with a ring body 72. Finishing blades 7 4 a, 7 4 b, and 7 4 c are attached to the end of the open end 2 4 a side of the ring body 7 2 so that they can be exchanged at an equal angle (12 °). Bank part (attachment part) 7 6 a, 7 6 b and 7 6 c are formed.

 The bank portions 7 6 a, 7 6 b and 7 6 c are integrated by an arc-shaped beam portion 7 8 extending toward the inside of the ring body 72. The beam Ί 8 is elastically deformable, and deforms the open end 2 4 a of the ring body 7 2 into a substantially triangular shape when being axially pressurized by the rod 4 6 a of the second biston 4 6. . For this reason, the finishing blades 7 4 a, 7 4 b and 7 4 c attached to the bank parts 7 6 a ', 7 6 b and 7 6 c are moved by the same dimension outwardly from the radius and finished. It arranges in the position corresponding to the diameter. In the second embodiment configured as described above, when no pressure is applied to the beam portion 7 8, the finishing blades 7 4 a, 7 4 b, and 7 4 c have, for example, medium finishing diameters. Place it at the position corresponding to D1. On the other hand, when pressure is applied to the beam part 7 8, the finishing blades 7 4 a, 7 4 b and 7 4 c move to the outside radius by the same dimension and correspond to the finished machining diameter D 2 Place in position.

Accordingly, the intermediate finishing process and the finishing process are performed using the single annular elastic holder part 70, and the finishing blade is maintained in a state where the center of gravity of the annular elastic holder part 70 is maintained on the rotation axis. 7 4 a, 7 4 b, and 7 4 c force The tool holder 20 is adjusted (corrected) in the radial direction. As a result, the tool holder 20 can effectively perform a highly accurate machining operation on the cylindrical body 60. In the second embodiment, the three finishing blades 7 4 a, 7 4 b and 7 4 c are attached to the three bank portions 7 6 a, 7 6 b and 7 6 c. It is not limited to. For example, 4 or more finishing blades can be attached to 4 or more punctures. At that time, the annular elastic holder portion is elastically deformed into a quadrilateral or more polygonal shape by the pressurizing mechanism.

[Brief description of the drawings]

 【Figure 1】

 1 is a perspective explanatory view of a machine tool that is a work machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

 【Figure 2】

 It is a section explanatory view of the machine tool.

 [Figure 3]

 It is front explanatory drawing of the cyclic | annular elastic holder part which comprises the said machine tool.

 [Figure 4]

 It is a perspective explanatory view of the annular elastic holder part.

 [Figure 5]

 It is explanatory drawing of a medium finishing process.

 [Figure 6]

 It is front explanatory drawing of the said cyclic | annular elastic holder part at the time of the said intermediate finishing process.

 [Figure 7]

 It is explanatory drawing of finishing.

 [Figure 8]

 FIG. 6 is a perspective explanatory view of an annular elastic holder portion constituting a machine tool according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

 [Figure 9]

It is front explanatory drawing of the cyclic | annular elastic holder part which comprises the said machine tool. [Explanation of symbols]

 1 0… Machine tools 1 6… Spin Donore

 20… Tool holder 22 a… Air passage

 24, 7 0… Rolling elastic holder 24 a… Open end

 26 a, 26 b: Medium finishing blade 28 a, 28 b, 74 a to 74 c: Finishing blade

 3 2 ... Pressure mechanism 34 ... Pneumatic cylinder

 36 ... Hydraulic cylinder 5 0, 7 2 ... Ring body

 5 2 a, 5 2 b, 54 a, 54 b, 7 6 a to 7 6 c: Bank part

 56, 7 8… Beam

Claims

The scope of the claims [Claim 1]  A tool holder that can rotate integrally with the spindle;  While one end is fixed to the tool holder, the other end forms an open end, and on the open end side, two or more attachment parts to which two or more tools are attached, and at least two of the above An annular elastic holder portion integrally provided with a beam portion connected to the attachment portion and extending to the rotation axis side;  By advancing and retreating in the axial direction of the tool holder and pressurizing the beam portion, at least two of the open end portions are deformed while the center of gravity of the annular elastic holder portion is maintained on the rotation axis. A pressurizing mechanism capable of adjusting a distance of the tool from the rotation axis;  A work machine comprising:  [Claim 2]  The work machine according to claim 1, wherein the beam portion constitutes an arc-shaped beam portion connected to an inner wall of the mounting portion, and the arc-shaped beam portion is pressurized in the axial direction by the pressurizing mechanism. Accordingly, the open end is configured to be elastically deformable into an elliptical shape.  [Claim 3]  The work machine according to claim 2, wherein two first tools attached to a short axis side of the open end that is elastically deformed into the elliptical shape;  Two second tools attached to the long axis side of the open end; and  A work machine comprising:  [Claim 4]  4. The working machine according to claim 3, wherein the circular trajectory of the first tool is larger than the circular trajectory of the second tool in a state in which the pressing force by the pressurizing mechanism is not applied to the annular elastic holder part. A work machine characterized by being set to a diameter. [Claim 5] 5. The work machine according to claim 4, wherein the pressurizing mechanism applies a pressing force to the annular elastic holder portion by a fluid pressure, and the pressing force by the fluid pressure is not applied. And the second tool automatically returns to the neutral position.  [Claim 6]  The work machine according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the first tool is a first processing blade that performs first processing on an inner peripheral surface of a workpiece,  The work machine, wherein the second tool is a second processing blade that performs a second processing on the inner peripheral surface after the first processing.  [Claim 7]  The work machine according to claim 1, wherein the beam portion constitutes an arc-shaped beam portion connected to an inner wall of the mounting portion, and the arc-shaped beam portion is pressurized in the axial direction by the pressurizing mechanism. Thus, the working machine is characterized in that the open end portion is configured to be elastically deformable into a triangular shape or a polygonal shape.  [Claim 8]  8. The work machine according to claim 7, wherein the tool is attached to correspond to a corner of the open end that is elastically deformed into the triangular or polygonal shape.