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WO2009014602A1 - Filtre à particules de gaz d'échappement pour un moteur et une cartouche filtrant pour celle-ci - Google Patents

Filtre à particules de gaz d'échappement pour un moteur et une cartouche filtrant pour celle-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009014602A1
WO2009014602A1 PCT/US2008/008419 US2008008419W WO2009014602A1 WO 2009014602 A1 WO2009014602 A1 WO 2009014602A1 US 2008008419 W US2008008419 W US 2008008419W WO 2009014602 A1 WO2009014602 A1 WO 2009014602A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filter
cartridges
shell
exhaust gas
cartridge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2008/008419
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Timothy J. Boland
Thomas E. Paulson
Herbert F. M. Dacosta
Ronak Shah
Robert L. Meyer
Philip Bruza
Michael J. Pollard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Caterpillar Inc
Original Assignee
Caterpillar Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/880,399 external-priority patent/US20080236119A1/en
Application filed by Caterpillar Inc filed Critical Caterpillar Inc
Publication of WO2009014602A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009014602A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
    • B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
    • B01D46/2411—Filter cartridges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/56—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
    • B01D46/58—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition connected in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1888—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly the housing of the assembly consisting of two or more parts, e.g. two half-shells
    • F01N13/1894—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly the housing of the assembly consisting of two or more parts, e.g. two half-shells the parts being assembled in longitudinal direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/0211—Arrangements for mounting filtering elements in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/0212—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters with one or more perforated tubes surrounded by filtering material, e.g. filter candles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0226—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being fibrous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2265/00—Casings, housings or mounting for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D2265/02—Non-permanent measures for connecting different parts of the filter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2279/00—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses
    • B01D2279/30—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses for treatment of exhaust gases from IC Engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00—Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/30—Removable or rechangeable blocks or cartridges, e.g. for filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of exhaust gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/18—Structure or shape of exhaust gas passages, pipes or tubes the axis of inlet or outlet tubes being other than the longitudinal axis of apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for heavy duty applications, e.g. trucks, buses, tractors, locomotives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to exhaust gas particulate filters for use in machine engine systems, and relates more particularly to such a filter having a composite assembly of replaceable cartridges positioned within a housing and adapted to fit within a predefined spatial envelope.
  • Gillingham is directed to a trap apparatus having tubular filter elements, for use in particular with diesel engines.
  • filter tubes surrounded with filter material such as yarn or various foams are used.
  • the filter tubes are positioned within a housing, subdivided into different sectors. During regeneration, parts of the housing can be closed off and the filter tubes therein heated via electric heaters to effect regeneration. While the design of Gillingham may serve its intended purpose, it suffers from a variety of drawbacks.
  • an elaborate system is necessary to direct exhaust gases to only certain parts of the filter apparatus, while restricting flow of exhaust gases to certain parts for regeneration.
  • the present disclosure is direct to one or more of the problems or shortcomings set forth above.
  • the present disclosure provides an exhaust gas particulate filter, having a shell with an internal frame, and an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet, the shell having an inner diameter, an outer diameter and a shape.
  • a composite filter assembly is positioned within the shell and includes an array of identical filter cartridges supported within the frame and reversibly coupled therewith via trapping elements each having a release state and a trapping state.
  • the cartridges each have a width and include an open end, a closed end and a fluid passage connecting with the open end, each fluid passage being aligned with a longitudinal axis of the corresponding cartridge and at least partially surrounded by longitudinal fluid permeable walls comprising a filter medium.
  • the array defines a shape that corresponds with a shape of the shell and has a perimeter spaced from the inner diameter of the shell an average distance which is less than a width of one of the cartridges.
  • the present disclosure provides a machine having an engine system and a housing positioned about the engine system, the machine having a spatial envelope within the housing.
  • the machine further includes an exhaust gas particulate filter fitted within the spatial envelope, the exhaust gas particulate filter including a shell having a shape that corresponds with a shape of the spatial envelope and a composite filter assembly positioned within the shell.
  • the composite filter assembly includes an array of identical filter cartridges reversibly mounted therein via trapping elements each having a release state and a trapping state, the cartridges each having a width and including an open end, a closed end and a fluid passage connecting with the corresponding open end and at least partially surrounded by longitudinal fluid permeable walls comprising a filter medium.
  • the array defines a shape that corresponds with the shape of the spatial envelope and has a perimeter spaced from the inner diameter of the shell an average distance which is less than a width of one of the cartridges.
  • the present disclosure provides a cartridge for an exhaust gas particulate filter, the cartridge including a cartridge body having a width and a length which is at least ten times the width, an open end, a closed end and a fluid passage having a uniform width connecting with the open end.
  • the cartridge body further includes an outer diameter, an inner diameter and longitudinal walls which define the fluid passage, the longitudinal walls including a sintered mat of metal fibers wrapped about a frame of the cartridge body and including a filter medium to filter exhaust gases passing into or out of the fluid passage.
  • the cartridge still further includes a trapping element configured to attach the cartridge body to a frame of an exhaust gas particulate filter.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of an off-highway machine, having an exhaust particulate filter, according to one embodiment
  • Figure 2 is an isometric view of a partially disassembled exhaust particulate filter according to one embodiment
  • Figure 3 is an isometric view of a partially disassembled exhaust particulate filter according to another embodiment
  • Figure 4 is a partial exploded view of an exhaust particulate filter similar to that shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a sectioned side view of a filter element for an exhaust particulate filter according to one embodiment;
  • Figure 6 is an end view of a bundle of filter elements shown supported in an end plate, according to one embodiment
  • Figure 7 is an end view of a bundle of filter elements shown supported in an end plate according to another embodiment
  • Figure 8 is an end view of a bundle of filter elements shown supported in an end plate according to yet another embodiment.
  • Figure 9 is an end view of a portion of an exhaust particulate filter according to yet another embodiment;
  • Figure 10 is an isometric view of a cartridge suitable for use with the filter of Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a sectioned side view of a portion of an exhaust particulate filter according to one embodiment
  • Figure 12 is a sectioned side view of a portion of an exhaust particulate filter according to one embodiment
  • Figure 13 is a sectioned side view of a portion of an exhaust particulate filter according to one embodiment.
  • Machine 10 is shown in the context of an off-highway track- type tractor having a frame 12, ground engaging tracks 14 mounted to frame 12 and an operator cab 16 also mounted to frame 12.
  • Machine 10 may further include an engine system 22 having an engine 23 such as a compression ignition diesel engine, and an exhaust particulate filter 24 having a design and configuration adapted to fit filter 24 within a predefined spatial envelope.
  • the predefined spatial envelope may be within an engine compartment 18.
  • This space available for mounting filter 24 may be dictated by a variety of factors, including size and shape of various components of engine system 22 such as a turbocharger 26 coupled with an exhaust pipe 28, a hood 20, frame 12 and various other parts of machine 10 depending upon its particular design.
  • Other concerns may also dictate the location, size and shape of the predefined spatial envelope for filter 24. For example, it may be desirable in some instances to locate filter 24 outside of engine compartment 18 for purposes such as thermal management of engine 23, or simply for matters of convenience.
  • the present disclosure is not limited to any particular location or configuration of the spatial envelope within which filter 24 will be used.
  • flexibility in design and configuration of filter 24 is contemplated to enable its use despite a broad spectrum of spatial and shape constraints. While off-highway machines such as trucks, tractors, loaders, graders, scrapers, etc. may especially benefit from the use of shape flexible exhaust particulate filters as described herein, the present disclosure is not thereby limited.
  • Machine 10 might be an on-highway machine, or even a stationary machine. Further still, while machines having spatial constraints for filter mounting are mentioned herein, the present disclosure is also not limited in this regard.
  • Filter 24 and its attendant design, materials and configuration may provide advantages even where fitting of a filter within a restricted space is not of primary concern.
  • Filter 24 may include an inlet portion 30 having an exhaust gas inlet 31 , an outlet portion 32 having an exhaust gas outlet 33 and a shell 34.
  • Other fluid connections to filter 24 may exist for various purposes, such as exhaust gas recirculation, exhaust gas cooling and connecting with one or more turbochargers.
  • Inlet portion 30, outlet portion 32 and shell 34 may together comprise a filter housing having a shape.
  • the shapes of one or more of the respective housing components 30, 32 and 34 may be adapted to fit filter 24 within the aforementioned predefined spatial envelope.
  • filter 24 may have a non-circular cross-section such as a generally oblong cross-section in the Figure 2 embodiment.
  • the cross-sectional shape of filter 24 may be tailored such that it may fit within the spatial envelope of engine compartment 18 between engine 23 and hood 20 in machine 10. In other embodiments, different shapes corresponding to different predefined spatial envelopes may be appropriate.
  • Filter 24 may include a plurality of identical filter elements 42, for example twenty or more individual filter elements arranged in a bundle 36.
  • the use of numerous identical filter elements allows the general shape of filter 24 to be quite flexible as compared to many earlier filter designs, without sacrificing efficacy.
  • Each of filter elements 42 in bundle 36 may filter exhaust gases passing from exhaust gas inlet 31 to exhaust gas outlet 33 and may further be supported via a first support plate 38 and a second support plate 40, each having a plurality of holes 39 and 41, respectively, configured to support filter elements 42. Holes 39 and 41 may be arranged in a pattern corresponding to an arrangement and distribution of filter elements 42 in bundle 36.
  • Each of support plates 38 and 40 may include an outer perimeter or edge 37 and 43, respectively, which is matched to a shape of shell 34 and may also be matched to shapes of inlet portion 30 and outlet portion 32.
  • Support plates 38 and 40 may have oblong shapes similar to that shown in Figure 2, or they might have a wide variety of other shapes such as triangular, circular, square, trapezoidal or even irregular and non-polygonal shapes.
  • Bundle 36 may have an essentially limitless variety of configurations, imparting shape flexibility to filter 24 limited generally only to manufacturing capabilities and/or practicalities for the various components.
  • Filter 124 may be used where a matching cylindrical spatial envelope exists, or where space and shape restrictions are relatively minimal and filter 124 is made cylindrical for manufacturing or handling convenience, etc.
  • Filter 124 may include a bundle of filter elements 136, an inlet portion 130, a shell 134, an outlet portion 132 and first and second support plates 138 and 140 for bundle 136.
  • Each of filter elements 142 may include a plurality of clamps 148, further described herein.
  • filter elements 142 of bundle 136 are arranged in a band about a center passage 149. Center passage 149 may be provided to enable fluid flow through filter 124 without resulting in excessive back pressure during engine system operation. In other words, since filter elements 142 act as a flow restriction to engine exhaust, passage 149 can provide a relatively unrestricted outlet for exhaust gases to avoid overly inhibiting exhaust gas flow through filter 124.
  • Passage 149 may be fluidly connected with one of inlet portion 130 and outlet portion 132 and fluidly blocked from the other of inlet portion 130 and outlet portion 132, except by way of fluid connections through filter elements 142.
  • Support plate 138 may be blocked in a region(s) corresponding to passage 149 to prevent raw exhaust gas flowing into the same in one embodiment.
  • Support plate 140 may further include a flange 133 defining an outlet passage 135 connecting with passage 149 for passing filtered exhaust gases to a tailpipe, exhaust stack, turbocharger, recirculation loop, etc.
  • Each of filter elements 142 may include a first, open end 145 and a second, closed end 146.
  • filter elements 142 are arranged such that their first, open ends 145 are supported in support plate 138 and fluidly connected with an interior of inlet portion 130 for receiving raw exhaust gases, and their second ends 146 supported in support plate 140.
  • all of filter elements 142 may be oriented identically.
  • bundle 136 consists of filter elements in both orientations such that exhaust gas passes into open ends of only a portion of filter elements 142, then into counter-oriented filter elements, and finally passes out to outlet portion 132 via filter elements having their open ends 145 fluidly connected therewith.
  • Each of the respective filter elements may include a tube 150 wrapped with fibrous filter media 152 such as a mat of sintered metal fibers, or other media.
  • fibrous filter media 152 such as a mat of sintered metal fibers, or other media.
  • a plurality of layers of one or more mats of sintered metal fibers may be wrapped about each of tubes 150 in one embodiment. While uniformly porous media 152 may be used, in other embodiments the media porosity may change with each successive wrapped layer.
  • Filter element 42 is shown having its first end 45 supported in a hole 39 of support plate 38.
  • the second end 46 of filter element 42 is shown supported in a hole 42 in support plate 40.
  • a plurality of perforations or apertures 44 in tube 50 to enable exhaust gases passing in through open end 45, shown via arrow A, to pass from an interior 56 of tube 50 out through walls of tube 50, and thenceforth through filter media 52.
  • Filter element 42 may further include a plug, for example a stepped or tapered plug 47 configured to fluidly seal second end 46.
  • plug 47 will have an outer diameter sufficiently less than an inner diameter of the corresponding hole 41 such that relative motion between filter element 42 and support plate 40 is possible.
  • filter elements relatively closer to a center of a bundle of which they are a part may increase in temperature, and thus expand, relatively more rapidly than filter elements positioned relatively closer to the outside of a bundle. Relatively wide temperature swings may occur during ordinary operation as well as during filter regeneration and, hence, this feature can reduce or eliminate the risk of component failure due to temperature changes or differences among components.
  • Filter regeneration in certain embodiments will typically take place with a heating device configured to heat filter elements 42, and in particular filter media 52, to a temperature sufficient to initiate and maintain combustion of accumulated soot.
  • an auxiliary regeneration device will be positioned upstream of filter 24 to inject and ignite fuel in the engine exhaust stream which is burned to increase the temperature of gases passing through filter 24. Other means such as electric heaters or high temperature exhaust might also be used.
  • filter element 42 may be coupled with support plate 38 in a manner unique among exhaust particulate filters.
  • tube 50 may include a radially expanded portion 54 received in one or more grooves 55 located in support plate 38 between its front and back faces 29 and 35, respectively, and coaxial with hole 39.
  • Radially expanding tube 50 into grooves 55 may be achieved via a process known in the art as swagging.
  • a rotary tool such as a mandrel (not shown) may be positioned within first end 45 of tube 50 and used to expand tube 50 into grooves 55.
  • the resultant joint will provide a fluid seal to inhibit exhaust gases leaking past the interface of tube 50 and support plate 38 rather than into tube 50, and will also provide a relatively strong, purely mechanical joint resistant to deformation and damage due to temperature changes and temperature extremes while in service. A relatively greater number of grooves may increase strength of the joint in many instances. While swagging may provide one practical implementation strategy, other means such as adhesives, welding, or bolted seals might also be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • Clamps 48 may also be used to clamp filter media 52 about tube 50 to join together the components without the need for welding, adhesives, etc.
  • clamps 48 may be compressed, also via a swagging technique, wherein annular clamp elements are positioned about filter media 52 on each of tubes 50, then reduced in diameter to effect a relatively tight clamping force on media 52. Similar to formation of the joint via expanded portion 54 and groove 55, other techniques might be used for securing filter media 52 in place about tube 50.
  • An advantage attendant to the use of swagging and similar techniques to form connections and secure materials of filters described herein is the lack of significant heating of the respective materials.
  • filter element 42 may be formed from materials having identical coefficients of thermal expansion. Accordingly, during thermal cycling the relative expansion and contraction of the various components, including tube 50, filter media 52, clamps 48, etc. may be approximately the same. This feature of certain filter embodiments according to the present disclosure provides a reduced risk of component cracking, seal failure and other problems while in service.
  • tube 50 and possibly support plates 38 and 40 may be formed from 439 stainless steel, whereas filter media 52 may include an iron, chromium and aluminum alloy. All or substantially all of the components of filters according to the present disclosure may consist of one form or another of ferritic stainless steel.
  • Bundle 36 may include peripherally located filter elements 42a and internally located filter elements 42b, having a packing arrangement.
  • the respective filter elements 42a and 42b may have a hexagonal packing arrangement, generally permitting a maximum number of filter elements to be located within a given volume, based on the available spatial envelope of machine 10, for example.
  • the filter elements of bundle 36 may be positioned at an average distance from one another that is less than an average diameter of the filter elements comprising bundle 36. This average distance may also be an equal distance between all of the respective filter elements, in accordance with the packing arrangement. In certain embodiments, the filter elements of bundle 36 may be positioned at an average distance from one another that is less than one half an average diameter of the filter elements comprising bundle 36.
  • the filter elements may be packed such that their respective clamps 48 are located at similar positions relative to the lengths of the filter elements, clamps 48 being spaced from one another by about 1.5 millimeters. It should be appreciated that the number of filter elements surrounding any one filter element, the proportion of internally located filter elements relative to peripherally located filter elements, and other factors, may vary based on the specific filter shape, filter size, filter element diameter, etc.
  • the peripherally located filter elements 42a may define a perimetric line which is at least partially matched to a shape of support plate 38. It will be recalled that support plate 38 may have a peripheral edge 37 at least partially matched to a shape of shell 34; hence, the perimetric line defined by peripherally located filter elements 42, denoted L 1 in Figure 6, will typically be at least partially matched to a shape of shell 34. In one embodiment, perimetric line L 1 may consist of a line tangent to peripherally located filter elements 42a.
  • FIG 7 there is shown another embodiment having a support plate 238 supporting a plurality of filter elements 242 arranged in a bundle 236.
  • Bundle 236 may consist of peripherally located filter elements and internally located filter elements, also having a packing arrangement and positioned in a band about a fluid passage 249.
  • a perimetric line L 2 is defined by the peripherally located filter elements and is at least partially matched to a shape of support plate 238, similar to the Figure 6 embodiment but having an oval rather than an oblong shape.
  • Figure 8 illustrates yet another bundle 336 of filter elements 42 having a packing arrangement and supported via a support plate 338.
  • Peripherally located filter elements define another perimetric line L 3 which is at least partially matched to a shape of support plate 338.
  • two separate fluid passages 349 are shown in phantom, and support plate 338 has an approximately rectangular shape.
  • Filter 410 is similar to the previously described embodiments, but has several important differences.
  • Filter 410 includes a shell 434 which has a shape, for example a non-cylindrical shape, such that filter 410 may be fitted within a non-cylindrical spatial envelope, similar to the aforementioned embodiments.
  • Filter 410 also includes an exhaust gas inlet 431 shown end-on in Figure 9 such that exhaust gases may be filtered thereby in a manner similar to that of the previously described embodiments.
  • shell 434 may be configured to couple with inlet and outlet housing portions (not shown) similar to those shown in Figure 2. Use within certain spatial constraints is contemplated to be one practical implementation of the filter of Figure 9, however, the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • Filter 410 might also be used in environments where space is not at a premium and a conventional cylindrical shape is appropriate.
  • Shell 434 further includes an inner diameter 412, an outer diameter 414 and an internal frame 438.
  • a composite filter assembly 424 is positioned within shell 434 and includes an array of identical filter cartridges 442 supported within frame 438 and reversibly coupled therewith via trapping elements (not shown in Figure 9) each having a release state and a trapping state.
  • the term "reversibly coupled” should be understood to mean that each filter cartridge may be individually decoupled from filter 410, in particular from frame 438, removed and either serviced or replaced with an identical filter cartridge, without damaging or deforming frame 438 or other components of filter 410. Attaching cartridges with a frame via crimping, welding, soldering, brazing, would not constitute a "reversible coupling" as that term is used herein.
  • Cartridge 442 suitable for use as any one of the group of cartridges comprising composite filter assembly 424.
  • Cartridge 442 includes a cartridge frame 450, which is wrapped with at least one layer, and typically a plurality of layers, of fibrous metallic filter media 452 similar to that described in connection with the foregoing embodiments.
  • Filter material 452 may comprise longitudinal walls of cartridge 442 extending from a first, open end 445 to a second, closed end 446.
  • a plug 444 may be used to fiuidly seal closed end 446.
  • cartridge 442 includes a width W and a length L 4 In certain embodiments, length L 4 may be about ten times width W, or even about 20 times width W, in certain embodiments.
  • cartridges 442 may be packed within shell 434, and may be positioned in an alternating arrangement. This configuration is illustrated via the checkerboard pattern shown in Figure 9 wherein plugs 444 of cartridges having a first orientation are shown in an alternating arrangement with open ends 445 of cartridges having an opposite orientation.
  • the illustrated configuration is not critical, however, and rather than alternating cartridges having different orientations, cartridges having a single orientation might alternate with spaces wherein no cartridge is positioned. Still other configurations might be used such as positioning cartridges 442 in a single orientation about a central exhaust passage of filter 410, analogous to designs described above.
  • cartridges 442 may be positioned such that their sides are substantially flush with sides of adjacent cartridges, such that exhaust gases may traverse filter media 452 of adjacent cartridges.
  • exhaust gases may exit a first cartridge through its filter media 452 and enter as many as four adjacent cartridges via their respective filter media 452.
  • An approximate path of exhaust gases passing into a cartridge, then through its longitudinal walls is shown via arrows Z in Figure 10.
  • the path of exhaust gases may be approximately the reverse.
  • the alternating pattern shown in Figure 9 permits exhaust gases to enter a first portion of cartridges 442 at an upstream end of filter assembly 424, inlet 431 , then enter a second, counter-oriented, portion of cartridges 442 and exit filter assembly 424 via an exhaust gas outlet positioned at an end opposite that shown in Figure 9.
  • the array of filter cartridges 442 of composite filter assembly 424 may further have a shape, defined by a perimeter 437 which corresponds with a shape of shell 434.
  • a shape of shell 434 corresponds with a shape of shell 434.
  • the roughly oblong shape defined by perimeter 437 is evident in Figure 9.
  • the term "corresponds with” should be understood to mean that at least some relationship exists between the respective shapes.
  • Correspondence between the shape of filter assembly 424 and shell 434 will enable a maximum number of filter cartridges, or close to a maximum number, to be used for a given spatial envelope. If a substantial number of additional cartridges could be inserted into spaces between a composite filter assembly and an inner diameter of an associated shell, then the composite filter assembly would not fairly be understood as defining a shape "corresponding with” a shape of the shell.
  • the five cartridges should be understood as a substantial number, and hence the respective shell and filter assembly would not have corresponding shapes in the context of the present disclosure.
  • the five cartridges should not fairly be considered a substantial number as that term is used herein, and the shell and filter assembly may have corresponding shapes.
  • cartridges 442 may be positioned within shell 434 and separated one from the other within the cartridge array by an average distance less than a width W of each one of cartridges 442.
  • cartridges 442 will be packed within shell 434 as tightly as practicable.
  • provision of adequate flow to avoid excessive exhaust gas back pressure to an associated engine may dictate that cartridges 442 be separated somewhat.
  • Perimeter 437 may be spaced from inner diameter 412 an average distance which is less than width W, enabling a maximum number of cartridges 442 to be packed within a given size and shape for shell 434.
  • a distance Q separates perimeter 437 and inner diameter 412 at their most distant point, distance Q being less than width W.
  • each cartridge 442 has a cross-sectional shape, perpendicular an axis X of filter 410, which is a regular polygonal shape, in the illustrated case a square. In other embodiments, cartridges 442 may have different shapes.
  • Composite filter assembly 424 includes a cross-sectional area which is defined approximately by a sum of cross-sectional areas of each cartridge 442.
  • each filter cartridge may comprise less than about 5% of a cross- sectional area of composite filter assembly 424.
  • Shell 434 also has a cross-sectional area, perpendicular its longitudinal axis X.
  • the summed cross-sectional areas of cartridges 442 may be about 25% or greater than the cross-sectional area of shell 434, and in certain embodiments may be about 75% or greater than the cross-sectional area of shell 434.
  • each cartridge may include part or all of a trapping element having a trapping state and a release state whereby cartridges 442 may be alternately coupled with or removed from filter 410.
  • FIG. 11 there is shown a cartridge 442a coupled with a frame 438a similar to frame 438 of Figure 9.
  • a trapping element 500a having a first component 504a and a second component 502a is provided which can allow cartridge 442a to be alternately coupled with or removed from engagement with frame 438a.
  • each cartridge 442a will include one component of the corresponding trapping element 500a, and frame 438a will include a second trapping element component. This will also typically be the case with other embodiments wherein cartridges are reversibly coupled in a composite filter assembly.
  • Frame 438a may comprise a plate or the like having a hole 439 wherein cartridge 442a is threadedly engaged.
  • trapping element 500a may include internal threads 504a of frame 438a and external threads 502a on cartridge frame 450a.
  • cartridge 442a includes an internal longitudinal passage 456 at least partially surrounded by filter media 452 which comprises walls of passage 456. Passage 456 may comprise a constant width passage.
  • Cartridge frame 450a may further include a plurality of perforations 444 extending between an inner diameter 512 and an outer diameter 514 which enable exhaust gas entering passage 456 to exit through filter media 452 and thereby remove particulates. While cartridge frame 450a is shown in the context of a perforated tube, it should be appreciated that other designs such as a set of longitudinal rods about which filter media 452 is wrapped might be used.
  • Trapping element 500b includes a first component which may comprise a nut 501 configured via internal threads 504b to threadedly engage with external threads 502b of a cartridge frame 450b of cartridge 442b. Rotation of nut 501 can therefore enable engagement or disengagement of cartridge 442b from frame 438b
  • Trapping element 500c includes a flared portion 447 of a cartridge frame 450c, a sealing member 449, such as a sealing ring, and a plurality of fasteners 451 configured to clamp a plate 460 to frame 438c with flared portion 447 and sealing member 449 positioned therebetween.
  • Each of the different trapping elements 500a-c shown in Figures 11-13 allows a corresponding one of cartridges 442a-c to reversibly couple with its respective frame 438a-c.
  • trapping elements might be used which would simultaneously couple multiple cartridges with their corresponding frames.
  • a perforated plate might be provided which extends across an exhaust gas inlet for the corresponding filter and includes multiple openings to admit exhaust gases into each of the cartridges thereof.
  • trapping elements 500a-c might be located solely on filter cartridges 442, 442a-c, for example comprising a movable locking device engaging with the corresponding frame 438, 438a-c.
  • the fluid seal will be part of the corresponding trapping elements, whereas in others the fluid seal may be a separate component.
  • the present disclosure provides substantially improved means for fitting exhaust particulate filters within restrictive spaces, but also provides advantages with regard to manufacturing and assembly.
  • Filter elements 42, 142, 442 may be manufactured in large numbers with relative ease. Rather than tailoring a particular filter element around an overall exhaust particulate filter design, the present disclosure enables many identical filter elements to be used in assembling filters having a wide variety of sizes and shapes. The overall design of the exhaust gas particulate filter may thus be driven more by the available spatial envelope than the requirements of individual parts of the filter. Assembly and disassembly will also be relatively easier than with earlier strategies, especially with regard to the designs of Figures 9-13.
  • tubes 50, 150 will initially be wrapped with filter media 52, 152. As mentioned above one layer or a plurality of layers of filter media 52, 152 may be wrapped about each tube. Clamps 48, 148 may then be positioned at a plurality of spaced apart locations along each tube 50, 150 and clamped in place by reducing their diameters to secure filter media 52, 152. Prior to or following clamping of clamps 48, 148, plugs 47, 147 may be inserted into ends of each tube 50.
  • filter elements 42, 142 may be joined with support plate 38, 138, for example via the swagging technique described herein to simultaneously form a fluid seal and mechanical joint for supporting the respective filter elements 42, 142.
  • the plugged ends of each filter element 42, 142 may then be positioned in appropriate holes 41, 141 in support plate 40.
  • the partially assembled filter may then be positioned within a shell 34, 134 having a shape based at least in part on an available spatial envelope in or on a machine, and inlet and outlet portions 30, 130 and 32, 132, respectively, coupled therewith to complete assembly.
  • Manufacturing and assembly of filter 410 may take place in a manner similar to that described with regard to the other embodiments, with several important differences.
  • a threaded engagement of cartridge frames 450a and 450b with corresponding components is established rather than the swagging technique described above.
  • the threaded engagement enables relatively simple assembly and/or disassembly via regular hand tools.
  • cartridge 442c can be placed in position within frame 438c on sealing member 449. Plate 460 is then positioned adjacent flared portion 447 and fasteners 451 engaged with corresponding threaded bores (not numbered) in frame 438c.
  • each of the embodiments of Figures 9-13 may be understood as having a first assembly configuration wherein cartridges 442a-c are fixed in place, corresponding to the trapping state of trapping elements 500a-c, and a second assembly configuration wherein cartridges 442a-c may be removed, corresponding to the release state of trapping elements 500a-c.
  • Other designs for trapping elements than those represented by embodiments 500a-c are contemplated, wherein a snap-fit or the like is used such that cartridges 442 and 442a-c may be slid into the corresponding supporting frame, and automatically secured in place.
  • a slot and movable locking tab arrangement, or some other locking feature such as set screws or the like might be used.
  • each of cartridges 442a-c has an opposite, closed end, which may be supported in a manner similar to that described with regard to the embodiments of Figures 1-8, e.g. loose fitted into a corresponding hole in a support plate.
  • All of the filter embodiments described herein are configured such that their shape can be at least partially matched to a shape of a predefined spatial envelope. This aspect is considered to greatly improve the ease with which exhaust particulate filters may be fitted within spatially restrictive or spatially complex spaces within or on machines. Further, the use of robust materials having similar or identical coefficients of thermal expansion and the use of the described joining/coupling techniques will result in a filter capable of withstanding shocks and vibrations associated with rugged off-highway environments, as well as thermal cycling and relatively extreme temperatures.
  • filter elements 42, 142, 442, 442a-c may be used with sintered metal fibrous materials as filter media 52, 152, 452 the present disclosure is not thereby limited.
  • Foams and various other materials, located inside or outside of tubes 50, 150 or frame 450 might instead be used, depending upon the application.
  • multiple tubes or frames might be used with each filter element, to provide for additional mechanical integrity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un filtre à particules de gaz d'échappement (410) pour un système de moteur (22). Ce filtre comprend un boîtier ayant une entrée (431), une sortie et une enveloppe (434) façonnée pour s'adapter au filtre à particules (410) à l'intérieur d'une enveloppe spatiale prédéfinie. Des éléments filtrants (442) sont disposés dans un ensemble filtrant composite (424) et sont conditionnés à l'intérieur d'un boîtier. Chacun des éléments filtrants (442) comprend une cartouche (442) ayant un cadre (438) enveloppé par des milieux filtrants métalliques fibreux (452). L'ensemble filtrant composite (424) a une forme correspondant à la forme de l'enveloppe (434). Chaque cartouche (442) de l'ensemble filtrant composite (424) est couplée de façon réversible avec un cadre (438) interne à l'enveloppe (434) par l'intermédiaire d'éléments de piégeage (500a) ayant un état de libération et un état de piégeage.
PCT/US2008/008419 2007-07-20 2008-07-09 Filtre à particules de gaz d'échappement pour un moteur et une cartouche filtrant pour celle-ci Ceased WO2009014602A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/880,399 2007-07-20
US11/880,399 US20080236119A1 (en) 2007-03-27 2007-07-20 Exhaust gas particulate filter for a machine and filter cartridge therefor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009014602A1 true WO2009014602A1 (fr) 2009-01-29

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101916239A (zh) * 2010-08-27 2010-12-15 上海交通大学 提高片上多处理器通信速度的方法
CH702613A1 (de) * 2010-01-25 2011-07-29 Dpf Systems Ag Dieselpartikelfilter.
CN104689657A (zh) * 2013-12-05 2015-06-10 无锡市博迪电子设备有限公司 一种滤筒式振动除尘器

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4478618A (en) * 1983-08-01 1984-10-23 General Motors Corporation Diesel exhaust particulate trap with plural filter tubes
EP0446422A1 (fr) * 1990-03-10 1991-09-18 ERNST-APPARATEBAU GmbH & Co. Filtre à suie pour moteurs diesel
EP0522245A1 (fr) * 1991-06-25 1993-01-13 Didier-Werke Ag Filtre pour particules de suie
DE29600681U1 (de) * 1995-01-20 1996-04-11 Hug Engineering AG, Weisslingen Russfilteranlage

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4478618A (en) * 1983-08-01 1984-10-23 General Motors Corporation Diesel exhaust particulate trap with plural filter tubes
EP0446422A1 (fr) * 1990-03-10 1991-09-18 ERNST-APPARATEBAU GmbH & Co. Filtre à suie pour moteurs diesel
EP0522245A1 (fr) * 1991-06-25 1993-01-13 Didier-Werke Ag Filtre pour particules de suie
DE29600681U1 (de) * 1995-01-20 1996-04-11 Hug Engineering AG, Weisslingen Russfilteranlage

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH702613A1 (de) * 2010-01-25 2011-07-29 Dpf Systems Ag Dieselpartikelfilter.
CN101916239A (zh) * 2010-08-27 2010-12-15 上海交通大学 提高片上多处理器通信速度的方法
CN104689657A (zh) * 2013-12-05 2015-06-10 无锡市博迪电子设备有限公司 一种滤筒式振动除尘器
CN104689657B (zh) * 2013-12-05 2017-02-01 无锡市博迪电子设备有限公司 一种滤筒式振动除尘器

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