WO2009012949A1 - Method of, and apparatus for, treating organic and/or inorganic media - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for, and a method of, treating organic and inorganic media, in particular for breaking down plant, preferably vital, cells or cell structures of agricultural products, for example in pellet form or in the mash of fruit(s) such as grapes, and also for breaking down animal products. The apparatus has an electrically conductive, cylindrical reactor pipe (1) which encloses a cylindrical interior for accommodating the medium, a likewise electrically conductive, cylindrical inner electrode (2) being arranged within this interior and centrally along the longitudinal axis (4) of the reactor pipe (1), coaxially therewith, in which case the annular layer of medium moving through the reactor pipe (1) has a constant thickness (r) along the reactor pipe (1), and the inner electrode (2) is electrically insulated in relation to the reactor pipe (1), and guided up to the reactor pipe (1) and to the inner electrode (2) is a respective electrical connection, between which, in order to influence the medium specifically, in particular for cell poration, it is possible to apply at least one series (11) of positive and negative electric pulses (12, 12').

Description

 Method and device for processing organic and / or inorganic media

TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to a method and a device for the treatment of organic and / or inorganic media, in particular for the cell disruption of vegetable, preferably vital, cells or cell assemblies of agricultural products, for example in chunk form or in the mash of fruit and fruits, such as grapes , as well as for the digestion of animal products.

State of the art:

Cell cultivation by electric fields is a method of grape and mash treatment which has become known in the field of wine and juice making, which makes it possible to extract the ingredients of the berries effectively and gently. For this purpose, an electroporation system is known, with which intact biological cells are exposed to an external electrical voltage, so that under certain conditions an irreversible breakthrough of the cell membranes takes place. The treated product is thermally practically not or only slightly loaded. The process can therefore be used to increase juice yield in fruit and vegetable juice production, to obtain a higher juice quality, to improve product extraction, leaching and leaching of vegetable raw materials, pasteurization of vegetable and fruit juices and beer, to harvest cell ingredients (hormones, Enzymes) in biotechnological manufacturing processes as well as for the sterilization of water and wastewater. The influence of electric fields on agglomerates in polar liquids has been studied in many ways.

From DE 10144479A1 a Elektroporationsreaktor for large-scale continuous processing of lumpy products, especially agricultural products such as sugar beets, potatoes, vegetables, fruits, medicinal plants and animal products, in a process fluid with high voltage pulses, known, the agricultural products in as in harvesting crops whole elements as slumpable fraction or pre-shredded. A drum with drivers on its outer surface runs around in a process liquid, usually water, which is taken in a chamber, and takes the good, which is supplied via an opening, with. The crop is first allowed to degas during immersion until it reaches the actual process zone during further transport, where it is exposed to momentary electric fields of high intensity in such a way that the potential difference necessary for poration on the cell walls of the process material is likely to act along the longer cell axis to be able to. On further transport, the material is lifted out of the reactor via a rake and directed to a discharge chute. The horizontal metallic drum is circular cylindrical and provided with a dielectric coating or entirely of dielectric material which can orbit about its cylindrical axis at 0.5-4 revolutions per minute. There are drivers on the outer jacket wall of the drum available. With its reactor wall, a housing made of dielectric material surrounds the drum with its drivers except for an open region lying above the axis of rotation in a contactless but equidistant manner. Furthermore, there is at least one electrode group lying bare to the drum, consisting of at least one electrode in the lowest region of the reactor wall, which extends over the length of the drum shell and is always completely wetted by the process liquid, each electrode group being connected via its own switch its own electrical energy storage is connected. There are groups of openings in the dielectric coating on the metallic drum towards the gap or groups of grounded electrodes lying bare to the gap with the bare electrode surfaces on the drum grounded over the drum axis to contact the gap region of the high voltage electrode group to be able to establish an electric field strength of 10 kV / cm within a maximum of 3 μsec, so that the process material at its biological cells along the respective main axis z reaches the threshold potential difference Δφ = zE = 10 V for irreversible electroporation at least once during the passage. The process works with high field strengths and requires high energy to carry it out as well as the device requires a large amount of space. DE 2144418 A1 has disclosed a method and a device for treating wine with electromagnetic alternating fields. Two oscillators of a frequency generator are each connected to a container of glass or plastic helically surrounding antenna electrode. The oscillators generate electromagnetic alternating fields with a fixed frequency ratio of about 2: 1, to which the wine to be treated is exposed. The power output of the frequency generator is in the range of about one watt. A disadvantage is apparently that with the frequency generator, an external power source must be provided and only special frequencies are available for the treatment. Furthermore, containers made of glass are fragile, while it can come in containers made of plastic to undesirable reactions of the container material with the food or drink to be treated.

From DE 197 21 920.9 A1 discloses a device for influencing the aroma of beverages, in particular of alcoholic distillates, wines and fruit juices has become known, which has an inside acted upon by the drink pipe section which is surrounded on the outside by a helically wound metal wire. The pipe section is formed as an inner pipe section of a double-walled housing having a second, outer pipe section, wherein the inner diameter of the outer pipe section is greater than the outer diameter of the inner pipe section, so that a cavity is formed between the pipe sections, in which the concentric to Longitudinal axis of the pipe sections wound metal wire is arranged. The housing consists essentially of two mutually concentric, cylindrical pipe sections, which are each provided at its one end with a bottom and at the other end bridging the gap and liquid-tightly connected to each other, wherein the inner pipe section is shorter than the outer pipe section in that the bottoms of the pipe sections are spaced apart and the cavity between the pipe sections is pot-shaped. In the space between the bottoms of the pipe sections, another helically wound metal wire to be arranged with its helical axis transverse to the longitudinal center axis of the pipe sections. Or the housing has two equal length, different diameter and concentrically arranged pipe sections, which have at their one end a common bottom and bridging at the other end the gap and liquid-tight are finally connected to each other, so that between the pipe sections a cylinder jacket Cavity is formed, in which the concentric to the longitudinal central axis of the pipe sections wound metal wire is arranged. On the inner wall of the inner pipe section is arranged at a distance from the bottom of the housing and over the open end of the housing projecting inlet pipe, a provided with an obliquely outwardly and downwardly facing outlet pipe frusto-conical collar to the upper end of the inner or outer Pipe section connects. Furthermore, the inner tube portion is longer than the outer tube portion and open at both ends thereof, wherein the outer tube portion is concentric with the inner tube portion and at both ends bridging the gap between the tube portions and fluidly sealingly connected to the inner tube portion in that a cylinder jacket-shaped cavity is formed between the tube sections, in which the metal wire wound concentrically to the longitudinal central axis of the tube sections is arranged.

DE 195 02 588 C1 further discloses a method for reducing the chemical potential of agglomerates in flowing liquids, wherein alternating pulse sequences are predetermined in such a way via electrodes which dip directly into the liquid that in a first phase high frequencies of 1 In the second phase, at low frequencies of 10-100 Hz transversely to the flow direction, the growth of the previously weakly charged smaller agglomerates is accelerated into flow-stable larger units. The simultaneously determined alternating current is a measure of the originally existing and reduced during the action chemical Potential so used for self-control of the AC voltage pulse trains that the initial current value of the high-frequency phase determines the duration of the two AC pulse train, the low-frequency phase determines the pause times between these AC pulse trains. The two alternating voltage pulse trains are emitted at low flow rate via a pair of electrodes at a time sequentially, at high flow velocities of the liquid media over two or more pairs of electrodes simultaneously or only slightly offset in time. The AC pulse trains include at the same time start and the same number of pulses 100 to 1000 cycles, whereby the pulse train of the second electrode pair runs longer due to the lower frequency. The pulse times, determined by the lower frequencies, make up 10 to 100 s, the pause times being between 10 seconds and 10 minutes. The voltage amplitudes are designed so that the alternating current drops during a pulse train, so that no dangerous decomposition of the liquid takes place.

The aforementioned devices have proven to be suitable for the treatment of agricultural products, e.g. as Schnitzelgut or as mash, as not yet proven optimal, since they are both expensive to manufacture and on the other hand very energy-intensive in their use. Likewise, the known devices either have a large footprint or have a relatively low efficiency.

Technical task:

The invention is based on the object, a method and a device for the treatment of organic and inorganic media, in particular for Zellauf- connection of plant, preferably vital, cells or cell assemblies of agricultural products, for example in chunky form or in the mash of fruits and fruits such as grapes, beets, potatoes, herbs, medicinal herbs, with which the media or the cells or cell aggregates can be effectively influenced and disrupted by means of a simple device and a considerably lower energy consumption compared with the prior art. Disclosure of the invention and its advantages:

The solution of the problem consists in a device of the type mentioned that it has an electrically conductive, cylindrical reactor tube which encloses a cylindrical interior for receiving the medium, within the same and centrally along the longitudinal axis of the reactor tube coaxially an electrically conductive, also cylindrical inner electrode is arranged to form an annular gap, so that the annular medium layer migrating through the reactor tube along the reactor tube has a constant thickness, and the inner electrode is electrically insulated from the reactor tube, and to the reactor tube and to the inner electrode depending on an electric Connection is made, between which at least one series of positive and negative electrical pulses can be applied for the targeted influencing of the medium, in particular for the cell cultivation of cells or cell clusters in the mash.

The electroporation reactor of the invention has the advantage that it can effectively and uniformly electro-energetically treat a medium with it. If the medium is wood chips or mash of agricultural products, then in particular the vital cells or cell aggregates in the slices or in the mash of sugar beets, potatoes, vegetables, herbs, medicinal herbs, fruits and fruits, such as grapes, be effectively unlocked. The device is kept simple in structure and thereby relatively inexpensive to manufacture and requires a small footprint and is easy to transport, with their operation a much smaller amount of energy compared to the prior art needs to be used at a comparable medium throughput. One of the decisive advantages of the invention is the fact that the same large-area electrodes, namely the reactor tube and the inner electrode, for a large-scale influence of the medium and can be operated by household electricity and has a relatively small, portable machine size. Another advantage of the invention is that the medium layer traveling through the reactor tube along the reactor tube has a constant thickness having. As a result, during the passage of the medium, for example mash, always a constant influence of the medium takes place, which contributes significantly to the quality of the treatment and, for example, to increase the yield. Likewise, by the variation of the electrical parameters, an individual fine control of the process is possible.

In a further highly inventive embodiment, between two successive pulses applied between the reactor tube and the inner electrode lie for a presettable period of time of one millisecond to a few hundred milliseconds, preferably between 1 to 100 milliseconds, voltage zero potential, i. no tension, on.

In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, the discontinued electrical pulses of a sequence alternately different signs, so that the pulses are alternately both in the plus and the minus and between two successive pulses, one of which positive and the other negative or vice versa, the voltage zero potential (dT) is applied for 1 millisecond to 100 milliseconds.

In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, the radial distance from the inner surface of the reactor tube to the outer surface of the inner electrode is the same everywhere, so that in the processing of the medium, a uniform effect is connected to the same. Preferably, the inner electrode is closed at both ends.

In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, the reactor tube has at each end a connecting cone whose passage cross section corresponds to the annular passage cross section of the reactor tube with the inner electrode. In this way, an annular throughput of the medium or the mash is achieved at a constant speed. This is associated with no or hardly any mechanical load on the medium. In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, the pulses each have a voltage amplitude value between 25V-250V, preferably between 30V-100V, in particular between 50V-80V, wherein the pulse frequency is between 200Hz-50,000Hz, preferably between 300Hz-5,000Hz , The current intensity or the voltage value or the pulse height, the pulse frequency and pulse shape are selected according to the conductivity or another electrical variable of the medium, in particular the conductivity of mash, wherein the electrical variable or the conductivity is measured cyclically continuously or at intervals , The pulses may be sawtooth pulses or approximate sawtooth pulses.

In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, the current intensity of the pulses is between 10A-500A, preferably approximately between 20A-8OA. This ensures the necessary performance for the processing of the medium, in particular for the cell cultivation of cells.

In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention are used to generate the pulses capacitor discharges of at least one capacitor, which is preferably charged by means of alternating current or three-phase current and gives up the electrical capacitor energy as pulses to the inner electrode and the reactor via an electrical circuit for pulse generation. Due to the very short-term load, there is no overheating of the capacitors.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the reactor tube and / or the inner electrode made of metal or carbon fibers or of an electrically conductive plastic.

An alternative device of the type mentioned at the outset for achieving the abovementioned object has instead of a cylindrical reactor a plate capacitor with at least two mutually opposite, mutually insulated, electrically conductive plates, which may be metallic, between which the medium is durchschleusbar, such that the migrating through the plate capacitor medium layer or layers between the plates has a precisely constant thickness, wherein the plates each have an electrical connection is guided between which the desired influence of the medium, in particular for the cell cultivation of the cells or cell aggregates, at least one series of positive and negative electrical impulses can be applied. The plates can be arranged plane-parallel or curved to each other and preferably have equidistant distances from each other.

In a further, highly inventive embodiment of the device is between two consecutive pulses for a predetermined period of time from one milliseconds to several hundred milliseconds, preferably between 1 to 100 milliseconds, voltage zero potential, i. no tension, on.

This embodiment of the electroporation reactor has the decisive advantage that a uniform electric field line density prevails between the capacitor plates, so that the conditions for a targeted influencing of the medium, in particular for the cellporation of cells or cell clusters in the mash, in the electroporation reactor are the same everywhere. In this way, there is a homogeneous electric field between the plates. Again, the key advantages of the invention is that the migrating through the plate capacitor medium layer or layers transverse to the plates has a constant thickness.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the cylindrical inner electrode of the device is designed as a transport screw for transporting the medium passing through the reactor tube. As a result, viscous mash can be easily transported through the reactor tube. In this case, either the inner electrode can be arranged to be stationary and have an electromotive driven worm rotating on the cylinder jacket, or the inner electrode can have a worm seated on the cylinder jacket, wherein the inner electrode together with the screw is rotatably driven by an electric motor.

A process for the treatment of organic and inorganic media, in particular for the cell disruption of plant, preferably vital, cells or cell assemblies of agricultural products, for example in lumpy form or in the mash of fruit and fruits, such as grapes, using one of the devices according to the invention is characterized in that at least one series of individual, electrical impulses is applied between the reactor tube and the inner electrode or between the plates of the plate capacitor for targeted influencing of the medium, in particular for the cellporation of cells or cell aggregates in the mash. The application of the pulses is preferably carried out in a controlled manner in a controlled system.

In a most advantageous embodiment of the method is between two consecutive pulses for a predetermined period of time from one milliseconds to a few hundred milliseconds, preferably between 1 to 100 milliseconds, voltage zero potential, i. no tension, on. In a further variant of the method according to the invention, the discontinued, electrical impulses of a sequence may alternately have different signs, so that the pulses lie alternately both in the plus and the minus regions, whereby between two successive pulses, one of which is positive and the other negative or vice versa, for 1 millisecond to 100 milliseconds voltage zero potential, so no voltage is applied.

In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the conductance or another electrical variable of the medium, in particular the conductance of mash or wood chips, is measured cyclically continuously or at intervals and the pulses become, in dependence on the electrical variable, in particular on the measured conductivity of the mash , generated in accordance with the current to be selected, voltage, pulse frequency, pulse height and pulse shape. Preferably, the electrical pulses are regulated in dependence of a Reference variable. When processing mash or wood chips, the measured conductivity of the mash is preferably used as a reference variable.

In addition, with the inventive method when using the device according to the invention, the aroma of beverages, especially alcoholic distillates, wines and fruit juices are positively influenced. The proportion of valuable ingredients in the beverages is increased by the extraction taking place due to the upstream device. It has also been found that the method according to the invention can be used to stabilize and control processes, such as fermentation.

Furthermore, the inventive method using the device according to the invention can be used to precipitate certain ingredients within a medium.

The device can be used in a relatively simple assembly in a variety of production lines and this upstream, for example.

The electrical specifications and parameters as well as the configuration of the method apply to all embodiments of the device according to the invention.

An example of the invention is shown in the drawing and described below. Showing:

Figure 1 shows an electroporation reactor according to the invention in the form of a metallic, cylindrical reactor tube with a coaxial, also metallic and cylindrical inner electrode Figure 2 an electroporation reactor according to the invention in the form of a plate capacitor in longitudinal section

Figure 3 is a sectional view of Figure 2 along the line AA and 4 shows an inventive electroporation reactor similar to that of Figure 1, in which case the cylindrical inner electrode is additionally designed as a screw conveyor for transporting the mash.

Ways to the technical execution of the invention:

Electroporation reactor in the form of a cylindrical condenser: An inventive electroporation reactor according to FIG. 1, which is described below as an example for the treatment of mash as a medium, consists of an electrically conductive, preferably metallic, cylindrical reactor tube 1, preferably of stainless steel, which has a cylindrical interior 3 for receiving the mash encloses within the same and centrally along the longitudinal axis 4 of the reactor tube 1 coaxially a likewise electrically conductive, preferably metallic, cylindrical or substantially cylindrically shaped inner electrode 2 is arranged, which is closed at the top surfaces 18, 19. As a result, the interior 3 is stretched to the throughput of the mash toroidal. For holding the inner electrode 2 within the reactor tube 1 are each arranged in the end regions of the inner electrode insulating rods 5, 6, 6 'and 6 ", which have only a small cross section and thus only a slight interference with the toroidal passage cross section for the mash through the reactor tube The inner electrode 2 is thus arranged in an electrically insulated manner with respect to the reactor tube 1, reactor tube 1 and inner electrode 2 thus in principle form a cylindrical capacitor An electrical connection 9, 10 is led to the reactor tube 1 and to the inner electrode 2, wherein the connection 9 for the arranged inside the inner space 3 of the reactor tube 1 inner electrode 2 is guided in an insulated manner, for example by the insulating rod 5.

The radial distance r from the inner surface 7 of the reactor tube 1 to the outer surface 8 of the inner electrode 2 is preferably the same everywhere. For the cellporation of the cells or cell assemblies in the mash, one or more sequences 11 of electrical pulses 12, 12 "can be applied to the electrical connections 9, 10, which in the example shown alternately oscillate about a voltage zero line, so that the pulses 12 delivered are 12 'are alternately both in the positive region, namely pulse 12, and in the minus region, namely pulse 12', between two successive pulses 12, 12 ', of which one is positive and the other is negative or vice versa, is preferably a predefinable Time span dT of a few hundred milliseconds, preferably between 1 and 100 milliseconds, voltage zero potential, ie no voltage, in particular has been found according to the invention that the sequence of positive and negative pulses, in connection with a short break between two pulses, induces highly efficient cellporation of cells The pulses are generated in a pulse generator 13.

The reason is that electro-chemically the cells are always electrically reversed, so that electrolysis in the cell can not take place. However, due to the constant reversal of polarity, the forces acting on the cell walls are so strong that they relatively quickly lead to their destruction without electrolytic processes. This means that on a purely physical way a gentle breakdown of the cells takes place, what u.a. results in an increase in yield and a positive flavor influence.

For example, the pulses each have an amplitude value between 12V-250V, preferably between 30V-100V, in particular between 48V-80V, wherein the pulse frequency between 200Hz-50,000Hz, preferably between 1500Hz to 5000Hz. The current intensity or the voltage value or the pulse height, pulse frequency and pulse shape are selected according to one or more of the measured electrical quantities of the medium, in particular the conductivity of the mash, which is measured cyclically continuously or at intervals. The pulses may, as shown in Figure 1, for example, be sawtooth pulses 12, 12 'or approximately sawtooth pulses. The current intensity of the pulses used is between 5A-500A, preferably approximately between 20A-100A. The pulses are preferably regulated individually as a function of a reference variable of the medium. In the treatment of mash, the cyclic measured conductivity of the mash is preferably used as the electrical reference variable.

To generate the pulses, capacitor discharges can be used by at least one capacitor, which is charged, preferably by means of alternating current or three-phase current, and outputs the electrical capacitor energy as pulses to the reactor and the inner electrode via an electrical circuit for pulse generation.

For example, the diameter of a reactor tube is approximately 164 mm, with the inner electrode having a diameter of approximately 89 mm. The gap thickness, ie the layer thickness of, for example, the mash, is between 37-38 mm. The length of the reactor tube is between 1m to several meters, for example 2m-4m, depending on the flow rate of the mash.

The reactor tube 1 may each have a connecting cone 14, 15 at both ends, whose passage cross section corresponds to the annular passage cross section of the height r of the reactor tube 1 with the inner electrode 2. In this way, a uniform throughput of the mash is achieved at a constant rate through the reactor tube 1. For example, the medium, such as mash, is pumped or pushed or conveyed through the reactor tube 1 by means of a pump or by means of a pressure or by means of a screw or a conveyor belt. Or the reactor tube is arranged perpendicular or strongly inclined, so that the medium migrates through the reactor tube 1 due to gravity. At each connection cone, a bypass 16, 17 may be arranged, via which samples of the medium can be withdrawn for investigations or stabilizers or antioxidants can be added. Electroporation reactor in the form of a plate capacitor: Another, highly effective embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Here, a reactor 20 is constructed as a plate capacitor with at least two mutually opposite, electrically insulated, preferably metallic, plates 21, wherein in FIGS. 2 and 3 the plate capacitor has nine plates 21, which comprise eight passage locks 24 for the medium, For example, mash or wood chips, train between them. In each case two adjacent plates 21 have the same distance h from each other, which thus the height h is a passage lock 24. Laterally, the plates 21 of the plate capacitor are mounted in walls 22, 23 of insulating material. An electrical connection 9, 10 is guided on each of the plates 21 through the insulating walls 24, between which at least one series 11 of positive and negative electrical pulses 12, for influencing the medium, for example for cell cultivation of the cells or the cell assemblies of the mash , 12 'can be applied, wherein preferably between two successive pulses for a predetermined period of time from one milliseconds to a few hundred milliseconds, preferably between 1 to 100 milliseconds, voltage zero potential, ie no voltage can be applied.

In particular, large contact surfaces of the medium, such as mash, cause low voltage values, so that the device can operate with the AC voltage of 230V, which is available virtually everywhere, by means of which the electrical impulses are generated. Otherwise, the electrical components, the pulse generator 13, the electrical supply and the electrical parameters used correspond to those of FIG. 1.

Process preparation and influencing:

The method is used for processing and influencing organic and inorganic media, in particular for cell disruption of plant, preferably vital, cells or cell aggregates, for example of agricultural products in particulate form or in the mash of fruit and fruits, such as grapes, using one of the devices according to the invention between the reactor gate tube 1 and the inner electrode 2, as well as between the individual, adjacent plates 21 of the plate capacitor, in particular for the cellporation of cells or cell assemblies of the mash, at least one sequence 11 of electrical pulses 12, 12 'applied, preferably between two successive pulses 12th 12 "can be applied for a presettable period dT of one millisecond to a few hundred milliseconds, in particular between 1 to 100 milliseconds, voltage zero potential, ie no voltage.

The discontinued electrical pulses 12, 12 'of a sequence 11 may alternately have different signs, so that the pulses 12, 12' are alternately both in the positive region and in the negative region. Preferably, between two consecutive pulses 12, 12 ', one positive and the other negative or vice versa, for 1 millisecond to 100 milliseconds, the voltage zero potential dT, i. no tension, on. For example, the conductance of the medium, such as mash, is measured cyclically, continuously or at intervals, and the pulses are generated in accordance with the measured conductance in accordance with the current or voltage, pulse frequency, and pulse shape. Preferably, also in this case, the pulses are regulated individually according to the medium as a function of a reference variable of the medium. In the treatment of mash, the cyclically measured conductivity of the mash is preferably used as the electrical reference variable.

For example, considering the electroporation of grapes, grape mash has an electrical conductivity of 3000-6000 mγ (mSiemens /

Meters), depending on the acidity. The electronic controller, the pulse generator 13, has a microprocessor that is freely programmable. The pulse generator 13 is programmed so that the same is able to deliver to the medium when flowing through the reactor tube, the highest possible current at the highest pulse frequency. The microprocessor monitors this setting at cyclic intervals. In the case of grape mashes with, for example, a conductivity of 4000 mγ (mSiemens / meter), a current of approximately 70 amperes abandoned and set a pulse train of about 4300 hertz. The electronics or the pulse generator 13 for the electroporation is constructed so that various voltages can be achieved by an exchange or switching of the power supply, preferably between 12 to 48 volts power supply.

In comparison of the electroporation of grapes with those of mirabelles, mirabelle mash has a lower conductivity, namely a conductance between 600-1500 mγ (mSiemens / meter). When flowing through the reactor tube, a current of approximately 30 amps and a pulse train of approximately 1700 hertz are set and delivered to the mash.

Both products show a very significant increase in the conductivity of the product after about one-half to three-quarters of an hour after treatment.

The processor of the pulse generator 13 is freely programmable. Selectable are the pulse shape, for example sawtooth or rectangular pulse, the pulse height and the pulse frequency. It is also possible to select the intervals at which the pulses are measured and adjusted. Likewise, an adjustment of the current, pulse height, pulse frequency in the reverse direction is possible. The entire electronics is preferably thermally monitored.

Another example of an electroporation reactor is shown in Figure 4, which is designed very similar to the electroporation reactor of Figure 1. The difference lies in the fact that the cylindrical inner electrode 25 is additionally designed as a transport screw for transporting the medium traveling through the reactor tube 1. The transport of the mash through the electroporation reactor by means of a screw is advantageous in the case of viscous or viscous mash.

It is possible that either the inner electrode 25 has a worm seated on the cylinder jacket 26 and the inner electrode 25 together with the worm 26 is rotationally driven by an electric motor. This is with the Reference numeral 27 denotes the electric power supply of an electric rotary drive of the rotatably arranged inner electrode 25. Insulating holders 28, 29 hold the inner electrode 25, the electrical connection 9 guided through the insulating holder 28 being guided, for example, to a slip ring contact on the inner electrode 25 for making contact with the electrical pulses on the inner electrode.

Or the inner electrode is fixedly arranged and has a on the cylinder jacket of the inner electrode rotating, electric motor driven worm.

In all three exemplary embodiments of the electroporation reactor, according to the method, the treatment duration of the medium passing through and treated within the reactor is at least a few hundred milli seconds to a few minutes, preferably between 2 seconds to 100 seconds, wherein the treatment duration of the residence time of the medium in the electroporation reactor can be identical.

Industrial Applicability: The invention is for the electro-energetic treatment and processing of organic and inorganic media, in particular for cell disruption of plant, especially vital, cells or cell assemblies of agricultural products, in the form of lumpy gut of sugar beets, potatoes, herbs, medicinal herbs or vegetables and in the Mash of herbs, medicinal herbs, fruit and fruits, such as grapes, as well as for the digestion of animal products, suitable, for example, to increase the yield and, for example, the stability of the must of the mash and to improve the aroma or the stability of Increase machining processes. In this biophysical treatment of the medium, for example of mash, preferably of mash from grapes, improved results are obtained in qualitative and quantitative terms, as compared to an untreated medium, such as untreated mash, in the prior art. List of reference numbers:

1 cylindrical reactor tube

2, 25 internal electrodes

3 cylindrical interior

4 longitudinal axis of the reactor tube

5, 6, 6 ¹ , 6 "insulated bars

7 inner surface of the reactor tube

8 outer surface of the reactor tube

9, 10 electrical connections

11 pulse sequences

12, 12 ¹ electrical impulses

13 pulse generator or electronics

14, 15 connecting cone

16, 17 Bypass

18, 19 Cover surfaces of the inner electrode

20 reactor

21 metallic plates

22, 23 walls made of insulating material

24 passage lock

26 snail

27 electrical power supply for a rotary drive of

inner electrode

28, 29 insulating supports r radial distance r from the inner surface of the reactor tube to

Outer surface of the inner electrode dT predetermined time h height of a passage lock

Claims

claims: 1. Device for the treatment of organic and / or inorganic media, in particular for cell disruption of plant, preferably vital, cells or cell assemblies of agricultural products, for example in lumpy form or in the mash of fruits and fruits, such as grapes, as well as for the digestion of animal products , characterized in that it comprises an electrically conductive, cylindrical reactor tube (1) which encloses a cylindrical inner space for receiving the medium, within the same and centrally along the longitudinal axis (4) of the reactor tube (1) coaxial with a metallic, also cylindrical inner electrode (2) is arranged to form an annular gap (3), so that the annular medium layer traveling through the reactor tube (1) along the reactor tube (1) has a constant thickness (r), and the inner electrode (2) opposite the reactor tube (1) is electrically isolated, and to the reactor tube (1) and to the Innenel (2) each an electrical connection is guided, between which at least one sequence (11) of positive and negative electrical pulses (12, 12 ') can be applied for the targeted influencing of the medium, in particular for the cellporation of cells or cell assemblies in a mash , 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that between two successive pulses (12, 12 ') for a predetermined period of time (dT) of one milliseconds to a few hundred milliseconds, preferably applied between 1 to 100 milliseconds, voltage zero potential. 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the discontinued electrical pulses (12, 12 ') of a sequence (11) alternately have different signs, so that the pulses (12, 12') alternately both in the positive region and lie in the minus region and between two successive pulses (12, 12 '), one of which is positive and the other is negative or vice versa, for 1 millisecond to 100 milliseconds the voltage zero potential (dT) is applied. 4. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that the radial distance from the inner surface of the reactor tube (1) to outer surface of the inner electrode (2) is the same everywhere and the inner electrode at both ends (18, 19) is closed. 5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reactor tube at both ends depending on a connecting cone (14, 15) whose passage cross section corresponds to the annular passage cross section of the reactor tube (1) with the inner electrode (2). 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pulses each have an amplitude value between 25V-250V, preferably between 30V-100V, in particular between 50V-80V, and the pulse frequency between 200Hz-50,000Hz, wherein the current strength or the voltage value or the pulse height, pulse frequency, and pulse shape are selected according to the conductivity of the medium or another electrical reference variable, in particular the conductivity of the mash, which is measured cyclically continuously or at intervals, and the pulses are controlled accordingly. 7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the current intensity of the pulses between 10A-500A, preferably between 20A-100A, and the pulses Sägezahlimpulse or approximately sawtooth or rectangular pulses. 8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that serve to generate the pulses capacitor discharges of at least one capacitor which, preferably by means of alternating current or three-phase current, is charged and via an electrical circuit for pulse generation, the electrical capacitor energy as impulses to the Reactor (1) and the inner electrode (2) gives up. 9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reactor tube (1) and / or the inner electrode made of metal or carbon fibers or of an electrically conductive plastic. 10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on each connecting cone, a bypass (16, 17) is arranged, over which samples of the medium withdrawn for investigations or stabilizers or antioxidants are zugebbar. 11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cylindrical inner electrode (25) is designed as a transport screw for transporting through the reactor tube (1) migrating medium. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that either the inner electrode is arranged stationary and has a rotating on the cylinder jacket, electric motor driven worm or the inner electrode (25) has a seated on the cylinder shell screw (26) and the inner electrode (25 ) together with the worm (26) can be driven in an electric motor by rotation. 13. Device for the treatment of organic and / or inorganic media, in particular for cell disruption of plant, preferably vital, cells or cell assemblies of agricultural products, for example in lumpy form or in the mash of fruits and fruits, such as grapes, characterized in that the same as a reactor (20,22,23) comprises a plate capacitor having at least two opposing, mutually insulated electrically conductive plates (21) which from each other over the entire surfaces of each two adjacent plates (21) the same distance (h), wherein between the plates (21) the medium is durchschleusbar, such that the medium through the plate capacitor (21) migrating medium layer between the plates (21) has a constant thickness, and to the plates (21) each an electrical connection is guided, between which for targeted Influencing the medium, in particular for the cell cultivation of cells or cell aggregates in the mash, at least one sequence (11) of positive and negative electrical pulses (12, 12 ') can be applied. 14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that between two successive pulses (12, 12 ') for a predetermined period of time (dT) of a few milliseconds to a few hundred milliseconds, preferably applied between 1 to 100 milliseconds, voltage zero potential. 15. A process for the preparation of organic and / or inorganic media, in particular for cell disruption of plant, preferably vital, cells or cell assemblies of agricultural products, for example in lumpy form or in the mash of fruits and fruits, such as grapes, using a device according to one of previous claims, characterized in that between the reactor tube (1) and the inner electrode (2) for selectively influencing the medium, in particular for the cellporation of cells or cell assemblies, at least one sequence (11) of individual, electrical pulses (12, 12 ') is applied, wherein applied between two successive pulses (12, 12 ') for a predetermined period of time (dT) of a few milliseconds to a few hundred milliseconds, preferably between 1 to 100 milliseconds, voltage zero potential. 16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the discontinued electrical pulses (12, 12 ') of a sequence (11) alternately have different signs, so that the pulses (12, 12') alternately both in the positive region and in the negative region and between two consecutive pulses (12, 12 '), one positive and the other negative or vice versa, the voltage zero potential (dT) is applied for 1 millisecond to 100 milliseconds. 17. The method according to any one of claims 15 or 16, characterized in that the conductance or other electrical size of the medium, in particular the conductance of the mash is measured cyclically continuously or at intervals and, depending on the measured electrical variable, in particular from measured conductance, the pulses are generated and regulated according to the current, voltage, pulse frequency, pulse height and pulse shape. 18. Use of the method according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the method for precipitating certain ingredients within the medium or for process stabilization is applied.