WO2009011480A1 - Fire- resistant concrete containing nylon and polypropylene fibers - Google Patents
Fire- resistant concrete containing nylon and polypropylene fibers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009011480A1 WO2009011480A1 PCT/KR2007/006831 KR2007006831W WO2009011480A1 WO 2009011480 A1 WO2009011480 A1 WO 2009011480A1 KR 2007006831 W KR2007006831 W KR 2007006831W WO 2009011480 A1 WO2009011480 A1 WO 2009011480A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nylon
- concrete
- polypropylene
- fire
- fibers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fire-resistant concrete containing nylon and polypropylene fibers at the same time. More specifically, the present invention relates to a novel high strength concrete of improved fire resistance incorporating nylon and polypropylene fibers at the same time.
- the present invention addresses such shortcomings of the Existing technologies as described above.
- the objective of the present invention is to provide a fire-resistant concrete material of a novel composition that requires less fiber than existing concretes so as to relieve inconvenience of mixing and hold back cost increases while still being capable of effectively preventing spalling during a fire.
- nylon and polypropylene fibers used in this invention are adjusted to have the optimal length and diameter. Such adjustment allows an effective prevention of fire- induced spalling while maintaining a favorable fluidity of concrete to minimize complications in mixing. It also provides a low cost fire-resistant concrete with a high residual compressive strength.
- the fire-resistant concrete of this invention contains nylon and polypropylene fibers, the combined volume of which lies in the range of 0.03% to 0.15% with respect to the total concrete volume.
- the diameter of said nylon fiber is in the range of 0.005 to 0.04 mm, and its length 5 to 25 mm.
- said polypropylene fiber has a diameter in the range of 0.02 to 0.10 mm and a length of 10 to 40 mm.
- the ratio between said nylon and polypropylene fibers is 1:1, the length of said nylon being 5 to 20 mm, that of said propylene 10 to 20 mm, and the combined volume of said nylon and polypropylene fibers is 0.03%-0.05% with respect to the total concrete by volume.
- the inventive fire-resistant concrete which contains hybrid fibers of nylon and polypropylene exhibits excellent spall ing prevention behavior even with less amount of fiber used.
- the inventive concrete has a strong economical advantage of using less material and supports enhanced workability by making the final concrete product more fluid.
- Figure 1 compares concrete specimens containing either nylon or polypropylene fiber after a fire resistance testing to check whether spall ing has taken place.
- Figure 2 also compares each specimen of concrete containing hybrid fibers of the nylon-polypropylene produced according to an embodiment of the present invention to find a relation between its total fiber content and the presence of spall ing after a fire-resistance testing.
- nylon fibers have low melting points of 190-350 ° C , they effectively form outlets for water vapor by melting inside the concrete during fires, preventing the spall ing of the concrete.
- nylons have a tensile strength of approximately 900 MPa, equivalent to or superior than the tensile strength of polypropylenes, 500-600 MPa. Thus, they have advantageous properties as fire resistance material for concrete.
- Polypropylene fibers are well suited for spall ing prevention material because they have excellent tensile strength and very low melting points of approximately 160 ° C.
- the present inventors have discovered that the fire resistance was improved over concrete containing only polypropylene, or less amount of fiber was required to achieve an equivalent resistance level.
- nylon and polypropylene fibers have been contemplated in the present invention, so as to allow the inventive concrete to effectively suppress both micro- and macro cracks in contrast to concretes with fire-resistant fibers having a single fiber length and diameter.
- said nylon fiber preferably has a diameter of 0.005-0.04 mm and a length of 5-25 mm while said polypropylene preferably has a diameter of 0.02-0.10 mm and a length of 10-40 mm. It is known that fibers with small diameters are more able to provide outlets for vapor formed within the concrete and fibers with high aspect ratios (the ratio of length to diameter) better prevent spall ing due to facilitated network formation (provided that the aspect ratio is 1500 or lower). The present inventors have identified the optimal combination of fiber length and diameter through fire resistance tests.
- nylon fiber : polypropylene fiber ratio falls below 1:9, the effect of nylon addition becomes insignificant and more hybrid fibers have to be incorporated to achieve the same resistance level.
- Hybrid fibers with nylon fiber : polypropylene fiber ratios higher than 9:1 are costly despite their similar efficacy in the prevention of spall ing.
- a high-strength concrete (see Table 1) with 25% water/binder ratio (W/B) , and 20% fly ash and 10% silica fume replacement (both numbers are by weight with respect to the weight of the cement) was chosen as the test material.
- This high-strength concrete mixture was designed to have a target slump flow value of 600 + 100 mm, and target air content of 3.0 ⁇ 1.0%. Identical mixing conditions were applied for each experimental variable.
- nylon fiber used had a diameter of 0.012 mm, and a length of either 6 mm or 9 mm, and polypropylene fiber used had a diameter of 0.04 mm, and a length of either 12 mm or 19 mm.
- the content of nylon fiber or polypropylene fiber was tested at three levels, i.e., 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15% with respect to the concrete volume, giving a total combination of 12 sets.
- Figure 1 shows the fire resistance test results for those concrete according to example 1.
- the amount of incorporated fiber was 0.1% by volume or higher, either no spall ing was observed or some insignificant scale took place in all concrete test specimens containing either nylon fiber or polypropylene fiber.
- the concrete containing a 9 mm-long nylon fiber demonstrated an excellent spalling prevention effect at a fiber content of 0.05% by volume, which is half of 0.1%, the typical level of existing concretes containing polypropylene.
- nylon and polypropylene fibers with suitable fiber lengths and diameters can be jointly added to high strength concrete to yield combinations of hybrid fibers with improved spalling prevention effect over propylene-only concrete of the existing method. Since nylon fibers in particular are capable of preventing spall ing at fiber contents lower than polypropylene fibers, equivalent degrees of spall ing prevention would be achievable with less amount of fibers when suitable mixtures of nylon and polypropylene is used.
- the present inventors tested concrete containing said nylon (6 and 9 mm long) and polypropylene (12 and 19 mm long) fibers from the previous example in a 1:1 mix ratio (by volume) for its spalling prevention capacity. 5 different trials, each having a total fiber content of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05% respectively, with respect to the concrete volume, were performed. The same experimental conditions and concrete as Example 1 were used for the fire resistance test.
- the inventive fire-resistant concrete which contains hybrid fibers of nylon and polypropylene exhibits excellent spalling prevention behavior even with less amount of fiber used.
- the inventive concrete has a strong economical advantage of using less material and supports enhanced workability by making the final concrete product more fluid.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
Concrete with enhanced fire resistance is disclosed in which contains hybrid fibers of nylon and polypropylene. Suitable adjustment of the length and diameter of nylon and polypropylene fibers allows these hybrid fibers to attain equivalent spall ing resistance with less amount of incorporated fiber when compared to existing concretes. More specifically, a mere 0.03% incorporation of nylon and polypropylene fibers by volume is sufficient for obtaining a fire-resistant concrete with excellent spall ing resistance.
Description
[DESCRIPTION] [Invention Title]
FIRE-RESISTANT CONCRETE CONTAINING NYLON AND POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS
[Technical Field]
The present invention relates to a fire-resistant concrete containing nylon and polypropylene fibers at the same time. More specifically, the present invention relates to a novel high strength concrete of improved fire resistance incorporating nylon and polypropylene fibers at the same time.
[Background Art]
Recent years have seen an increase in the use of high strength concrete (HSC) and high performance concrete (HPC) as more high-rise buildings and architectural structures are being built. During a fire, however, high strength and performance concrete do not support a ready release of water vapor produced within due to their dense microstructure. In particular, the phenomenon of spall ing-an explosive destruction and scattering of concrete- takes place when the pressure of water vapor trapped inside the concrete exceeds a tensile strength of concrete during a fire.
When a severe spall ing breaks out in a concrete structure, the resulting damage can lead to a structural collapse since the reinforcing bars become exposed to extreme temperatures. Therefore, enhancing fire resistance of high strength concrete through the prevention of spall ing is becoming increasingly important.
Existing technologies for preventing spall ing of high strength concrete have mostly focused on such methods as suppressing the rise of temperature, rapid outward discharge of water vapor trapped inside the concrete and restraining the scattering of concrete upon spall ing. The most accessible and economical among these was to provide a concrete incorporating
such fibers as polypropylene, polyvinylalcohol and polyethylene, so that an outlet for water vapor can form when these fibers melt during a fire. In this method, however, an effective prevention of spalling was achievable only when 0.1% of fibers by volume or more were incorporated into the concrete. Inconvenience in mixing and rise in costs were pointed out as undesirable consequences of employing such a large amount of fibers.
[Disclosure]
[Technical Problem]
The present invention addresses such shortcomings of the Existing technologies as described above. The objective of the present invention is to provide a fire-resistant concrete material of a novel composition that requires less fiber than existing concretes so as to relieve inconvenience of mixing and hold back cost increases while still being capable of effectively preventing spalling during a fire. More specifically, nylon and polypropylene fibers used in this invention are adjusted to have the optimal length and diameter. Such adjustment allows an effective prevention of fire- induced spalling while maintaining a favorable fluidity of concrete to minimize complications in mixing. It also provides a low cost fire-resistant concrete with a high residual compressive strength.
[Technical Solution]
The objectives of the present invention mentioned above can be accomplished by the concrete of the present invention. The fire-resistant concrete of this invention contains nylon and polypropylene fibers, the combined volume of which lies in the range of 0.03% to 0.15% with respect to the total concrete volume.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of said nylon fiber is in the range of 0.005 to 0.04 mm, and its length 5 to 25 mm. In another embodiment, said polypropylene fiber has a
diameter in the range of 0.02 to 0.10 mm and a length of 10 to 40 mm.
In still another embodiment of the invention, the incorporation ratio of the fibers is in the range of nylon fiber : polypropylene fiber = 1:9 9:1 by volume.
In yet still another embodiment, the ratio between said nylon and polypropylene fibers is 1:1, the length of said nylon being 5 to 20 mm, that of said propylene 10 to 20 mm, and the combined volume of said nylon and polypropylene fibers is 0.03%-0.05% with respect to the total concrete by volume.
[Advantageous Effects]
Compared to existing fire-resistant concretes containing only polypropylene, the inventive fire-resistant concrete which contains hybrid fibers of nylon and polypropylene exhibits excellent spall ing prevention behavior even with less amount of fiber used. Thus, the inventive concrete has a strong economical advantage of using less material and supports enhanced workability by making the final concrete product more fluid.
[Description of Drawings]
Figure 1 compares concrete specimens containing either nylon or polypropylene fiber after a fire resistance testing to check whether spall ing has taken place.
Figure 2 also compares each specimen of concrete containing hybrid fibers of the nylon-polypropylene produced according to an embodiment of the present invention to find a relation between its total fiber content and the presence of spall ing after a fire-resistance testing.
[Mode for Invention]
Below, the present invention will be described in more detail.
Since nylon fibers have low melting points of 190-350°C , they effectively form outlets for water vapor by melting inside the concrete during fires, preventing the spall ing of the concrete. Moreover, nylons have a tensile strength of approximately 900 MPa, equivalent to or superior than the tensile strength of polypropylenes, 500-600 MPa. Thus, they have advantageous properties as fire resistance material for concrete.
Polypropylene fibers are well suited for spall ing prevention material because they have excellent tensile strength and very low melting points of approximately 160°C. When mixtures of these two fibers - polypropylene with demonstrated effectiveness as a fire resistance material, and nylon with its
superior physical properties- are added to concrete as fire resistance material, the present inventors have discovered that the fire resistance was improved over concrete containing only polypropylene, or less amount of fiber was required to achieve an equivalent resistance level.
Furthermore, various combinations of lengths and diameters for the nylon and polypropylene fibers have been contemplated in the present invention, so as to allow the inventive concrete to effectively suppress both micro- and macro cracks in contrast to concretes with fire-resistant fibers having a single fiber length and diameter.
In one specific embodiment, said nylon fiber preferably has a diameter of 0.005-0.04 mm and a length of 5-25 mm while said polypropylene preferably has a diameter of 0.02-0.10 mm and a length of 10-40 mm. It is known that fibers with small diameters are more able to provide outlets for vapor formed within the concrete and fibers with high aspect ratios (the ratio of length to diameter) better prevent spall ing due to facilitated network formation (provided that the aspect ratio is 1500 or lower). The present inventors have identified the optimal combination of fiber length and diameter through fire resistance tests.
Preferably, the relative amount of said nylon and polypropylene fibers in the inventive concrete containing hybrid fibers is in the range of 1:9 - 9:1 = nylon fiber : polypropylene fiber by volume. When the nylon fiber : polypropylene fiber ratio falls below 1:9, the effect of nylon addition becomes insignificant and more hybrid fibers have to be incorporated to achieve the same resistance level. Hybrid fibers with nylon fiber : polypropylene fiber ratios higher than 9:1 are costly despite their similar efficacy in the prevention of spall ing.
The present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments and experimental examples. Such embodiments and examples are
for the purpose of illustration only, and by no means are intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1. Spall ing prevention effect of concretes with differing fiber contents
To test and compare fire resistance effects of the inventive concretes according to their nylon and polypropylene fiber levels, a high-strength concrete (see Table 1) with 25% water/binder ratio (W/B) , and 20% fly ash and 10% silica fume replacement (both numbers are by weight with respect to the weight of the cement) was chosen as the test material. This high-strength concrete mixture was designed to have a target slump flow value of 600 + 100 mm, and target air content of 3.0 ± 1.0%. Identical mixing conditions were applied for each experimental variable.
Either nylon or polypropylene fiber was added to this high-strength concrete, differing only in the amount added, and spall ing behavior was monitored upon completion of fire resistance tests. Fire resistance tests are carried out according to KS F 2257-1. The physical properties of nylon and polypropylene fibers used are given below in Table 2. For instance, nylon fiber used had a diameter of 0.012 mm, and a length of either 6 mm or 9 mm, and polypropylene fiber used had a diameter of 0.04 mm, and a length of either 12 mm or 19 mm. The content of nylon fiber or polypropylene fiber was tested at three levels, i.e., 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15% with respect to the concrete volume, giving a total combination of 12 sets.
[Table 1]
The concrete mixture proportion of concrete
[Table 2]
Physical properties of the nylon and polypropylene fibers used in the examples
Figure 1 shows the fire resistance test results for those concrete according to example 1. As illustrated in Figure 1, when the amount of incorporated fiber was 0.1% by volume or higher, either no spall ing was observed or some insignificant scale took place in all concrete test specimens containing either nylon fiber or polypropylene fiber. In particular, the concrete containing a 9 mm-long nylon fiber demonstrated an excellent spalling prevention effect at a fiber content of 0.05% by volume, which is half of 0.1%, the typical level of existing concretes containing polypropylene.
The present example demonstrated that nylon and polypropylene fibers with suitable fiber lengths and diameters can be jointly added to high strength concrete to yield combinations of hybrid fibers with improved spalling prevention effect over propylene-only concrete of the existing
method. Since nylon fibers in particular are capable of preventing spall ing at fiber contents lower than polypropylene fibers, equivalent degrees of spall ing prevention would be achievable with less amount of fibers when suitable mixtures of nylon and polypropylene is used.
Example 2. Spalling prevention effect of concrete containing hybrid fibers with both nylon and polypropylene
To monitor the spalling prevention effect of high-strength concrete containing hybrid fibers, the present inventors tested concrete containing said nylon (6 and 9 mm long) and polypropylene (12 and 19 mm long) fibers from the previous example in a 1:1 mix ratio (by volume) for its spalling prevention capacity. 5 different trials, each having a total fiber content of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05% respectively, with respect to the concrete volume, were performed. The same experimental conditions and concrete as Example 1 were used for the fire resistance test.
As illustrated in Figure 2, concrete containing hybrid fibers of nylon and polypropylene excelled at preventing concrete spalling with less amount of added fiber when compared to existing concrete containing only propylene. When one or both of the 9 mm-long nylon fiber or 19 mm-polypropylene fiber were added to the concrete in Figure 2, concrete spalling was clearly prevented if the total fiber content was 0.04% by volume or more. In particular, when both the 9 mm-long nylon fiber and 19 mm-long polypropylene fiber were used, favorable prevention of spalling was observed at such low fiber content as 0.03% (by volume) with only minor falling off observable.
These results confirms that a fire-resistant concrete of the present invention, which contain hybrid fibers with nylon and polypropylene fibers, provides equivalent degree of spalling prevention with much reduced amounts of fiber compared to existing concrete through adjusting the lengths and diameters of the added fibers.
[Industrial Applicability]
Compared to existing fire-resistant concretes containing only polypropylene, the inventive fire-resistant concrete which contains hybrid fibers of nylon and polypropylene exhibits excellent spalling prevention behavior even with less amount of fiber used. Thus, the inventive concrete has a strong economical advantage of using less material and supports enhanced workability by making the final concrete product more fluid.
Claims
[Claim 1]
A fire-resistant concrete containing nylon and polypropylene fibers, wherein the combined volume of said nylon and polypropylene fibers is in the range of 0.03-0.15% with respect to the total concrete volume.
[Claim 2]
The fire-resistant concrete according to Claim 1, wherein the diameter of said nylon fiber is in the range of 0.005-0.04 mm, and the length in the range of 5-25 mm.
[Claim 3]
The fire-resistant concrete according to Claim 1, wherein the diameter of said polypropylene fiber is in the range of 0.02-0.10 mm, and the length in the range of 10-40 mm.
[Claim 4]
The fire-resistant concrete according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the relative ratio of said nylon and polypropylene fibers is in the range of 1:9 to 9:1 = nylon fiber : polypropylene fiber by volume.
[Claim 5]
The fire-resistant concrete according to Claim 4, wherein the relative ratio of said nylon and polypropylene fibers is 1:1 by vo1ume; said nylon fiber having a length in the range of 5-20 mm; said polypropylene fiber having a length in the range of 10-20 mm; and wherein the combined volume of said nylon and polypropylene fibers is in the range of 0.03-0.05% with respect to the total concrete volume.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2007-0071872 | 2007-07-18 | ||
| KR20070071872 | 2007-07-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009011480A1 true WO2009011480A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
Family
ID=40259793
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2007/006831 Ceased WO2009011480A1 (en) | 2007-07-18 | 2007-12-26 | Fire- resistant concrete containing nylon and polypropylene fibers |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2009011480A1 (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010105980A1 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-09-23 | Baumhueter Extrusion Gmbh | Polymer fiber, its use and process for its manufacture |
| EP2390341A1 (en) | 2010-05-25 | 2011-11-30 | Neste Oil Oyj | Process and microorganisms for production of lipids |
| EP2223902A3 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2012-06-06 | Daewoo Engineering&Construction Co., Ltd | Fire-resistant concrete with high impact resistance |
| EP2468857A1 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2012-06-27 | Neste Oil Oyj | An integrated process system for lipid production and pulping |
| JP2014091668A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-19 | Ohbayashi Corp | Cement composition |
| JP2017222554A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2017-12-21 | 貴恒 菊田 | Hydraulic material |
| US10000587B2 (en) | 2012-08-31 | 2018-06-19 | Baumhueter Extrusion Gmbh | Cross-linked polyethylene fiber, its use and process for its manufacture |
| US10071934B1 (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2018-09-11 | Nano And Advanced Materials Institute Limited | High performance fire resistant concrete containing hybrid fibers and nano particles |
| CN109665777A (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2019-04-23 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | A kind of elastic concrete improving Antiseismic building performance |
| JP2021130603A (en) * | 2019-11-30 | 2021-09-09 | 株式会社Ｈｐｃ沖縄 | Fiber reinforced concrete |
| CN120136508A (en) * | 2025-03-27 | 2025-06-13 | 无锡瑞彻工程有限公司 | A kind of high fire resistance concrete and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2223902A3 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2012-06-06 | Daewoo Engineering&Construction Co., Ltd | Fire-resistant concrete with high impact resistance |
| CN102356187A (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2012-02-15 | 鲍姆胡特挤出有限责任公司 | Polymer fiber, its use and process for its manufacture |
| WO2010105980A1 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-09-23 | Baumhueter Extrusion Gmbh | Polymer fiber, its use and process for its manufacture |
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| JP2014091668A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-19 | Ohbayashi Corp | Cement composition |
| JP2017222554A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2017-12-21 | 貴恒 菊田 | Hydraulic material |
| US10071934B1 (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2018-09-11 | Nano And Advanced Materials Institute Limited | High performance fire resistant concrete containing hybrid fibers and nano particles |
| CN109665777A (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2019-04-23 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | A kind of elastic concrete improving Antiseismic building performance |
| JP2021130603A (en) * | 2019-11-30 | 2021-09-09 | 株式会社Ｈｐｃ沖縄 | Fiber reinforced concrete |
| CN120136508A (en) * | 2025-03-27 | 2025-06-13 | 无锡瑞彻工程有限公司 | A kind of high fire resistance concrete and preparation method thereof |
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