WO2009007269A1 - Dispositif de mesure optoelectronique de l'hydratation d'un vegetal dans son environnement naturel - Google Patents
Dispositif de mesure optoelectronique de l'hydratation d'un vegetal dans son environnement naturel Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009007269A1 WO2009007269A1 PCT/EP2008/058419 EP2008058419W WO2009007269A1 WO 2009007269 A1 WO2009007269 A1 WO 2009007269A1 EP 2008058419 W EP2008058419 W EP 2008058419W WO 2009007269 A1 WO2009007269 A1 WO 2009007269A1
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- plant element
- light
- plant
- probe
- light source
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3554—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for determining moisture content
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/314—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths
- G01N2021/3181—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths using LEDs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N2021/8466—Investigation of vegetal material, e.g. leaves, plants, fruits
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/02—Mechanical
- G01N2201/022—Casings
- G01N2201/0221—Portable; cableless; compact; hand-held
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
- G01N2201/062—LED's
- G01N2201/0623—Use of a reference LED
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
- G01N2201/062—LED's
- G01N2201/0624—Compensating variation in output of LED source
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
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- G01N2201/062—LED's
- G01N2201/0625—Modulated LED
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
- G01N2201/062—LED's
- G01N2201/0627—Use of several LED's for spectral resolution
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
- G01N2201/064—Stray light conditioning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0098—Plants or trees
Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the field of the evaluation and monitoring of hydration state of plant covers, and more particularly to methods using the measurement of the water status of plant samples by optoelectronic techniques.
- It relates to an optoelectronic field device for measuring the water content in a plant without damaging or destroying it, and an apparatus for evaluating and monitoring in real time its water status. It also relates to a method implementing said device and said apparatus, in particular for real-time monitoring of the hydration state of an extensive plant cover.
- the water content of plant covers varies over time under the combined action of physiological regulation mechanisms and environmental factors. These variations exert a direct and gradual influence on the level of production and the vulnerability of plants. Knowledge of the period of occurrence, intensity and duration of water deficiency is therefore an essential step to anticipate the effects of drought periods on agricultural crops or to assess the risk of fire in an area. forest, maquis or fallow land. Measurement of hydration rate is an essential parameter that is taken into account in predictive methods, in order to automatically control irrigation operations before the water deficit becomes critical, or at least to report in the form of water. warning for example, this water deficit. The importance of these predictions is measured by the fact that drought is the main cause of many forest fires and huge losses in agricultural production.
- FR 2 753 272 describes a sensor for the presence of a liquid on a sheet of paper. using a detector comprising two electrodes connected to an electronic circuit. It is also known from WO83 / 02326 a method using the backscattering of infrared radiation emitted by a source inside the material to be examined. Publications CA 960 308 or JP 5 313 898 describe humidity-absorbing moisture measuring devices.
- JP2005 308 733 discloses a water stress assessment method of calculating the spectral reflectance from differences in light intensity, reflected and absorbed by a sheet and a white panel. Solutions based on the selective absorption of the water content in the near infrared have been proposed. However, they require the implementation of devices with collimating optics and / or relatively complex integration systems to obtain a signal-to-noise ratio and satisfactory accuracy.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a device and a method implementing said device, for the direct, non-destructive and instantaneous measurement of the hydration rate of a plant. It is another object of the invention to provide an in vivo and in situ measurement means which is unaffected by environmental conditions, in particular by sunlight. It also aims to propose a monitoring method to continuously monitor the evolution of water status of a plant cover. Another object of the present invention is to obtain real-time information on one or more specific plant areas that can be separated from each other.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method in which the measurement is automated, as well as preferably also the control of the device and the processing of the measurement result. Finally, it is sought a device of small size, robust, in particular vis-à-vis adverse weather conditions even hostile, autonomous energy and data processing, and inexpensive.
- the device of the invention comprising an integrated optical sensor which, by using the optical properties of the sheets in the mid-infrared, delivers an instantaneous and accurate quantitative information on the level of hydration of a leaf sample.
- the fraction of transmitted light being directly connected to the fraction absorbed by the water contained in the sheet - the greater the water content, the greater the absorbed fraction and the reduced fraction - the measured quantity is thus significantly connected. the water content of the leaf.
- This information collected from one or more remotely located remote sensing sensors in the natural space, can feed patterns of behavior and monitoring of vegetated canopies, with a view to establishing rapid forecasts. and operational. Such a system also makes it possible to take into account the local physical and weather conditions.
- plant element or “sample” is meant a part of a plant whose water content is characteristic of the water status of the whole plant, and whose small thickness is adapted to an optical transmittance measurement. This is usually a leaf.
- the plant can be a cultivated species when an agricultural zone is being watched, or a wild one most often for the prevention of fires.
- the element or sample preferably has a persistent character, at least for the duration of the monitoring period.
- the subject of the present invention is a device for determining the degree of hydration of a plant element in its natural environment, comprising an optoelectronic probe capable of measuring the optical transmission coefficient associated with a measurement box.
- the probe comprising: i) a first light source emitting at a wavelength corresponding to a band of high water absorption, ii) optionally a second light source emitting at a wavelength close to the first source and weakly absorbed by water, and iii) a photoreceptor whose spectral response corresponds to the emission bands of the first and second light sources, the device comprising means for modulating the average optical power emitted by the or the light sources according to a predetermined frequency and synchronous detection means of the light received by the photoreceptor, of fate e that the light giving the useful information passing through the plant element and which is received by the photoreceptor is an alternative component of the light emitted by the light source or sources.
- the device thus eliminates the significant average component of the photoelectric current generated by the ambient light.
- the average illumination generated by the sun, directly or in diffused light, and the radiation of the black body type emitted by the ground and the hot materials generate a very strong average component of the photoelectric current of the photoreceptor, which can be 10 3 at 10 4 times larger than that from the sources.
- the useful information contained in the component alternative of the emitted light or lights that has passed through the plant is received by the photoreceptor and is amplified by the measurement chain.
- the use of a second light source is optional, but improves the measurement.
- the measuring box is dedicated to contain the electronic signal processing components, the probe containing, in addition to the photoelectric components already mentioned, electronic detection components.
- This distribution is however not rigid and some components can be deported, the circuits forming functional modules and the modules themselves can be designed and arranged in different ways by those skilled in the art, depending on the specifications.
- the architecture of the sensor may differ according to the operating mode, automatic or manual, implemented, or according to the integrated functions.
- the different embodiments thereof are variants that are obvious to those skilled in the art, which are included within the scope of the present invention.
- the first light source emits in a spectral interval corresponding to one of the bands of strong absorption of water.
- a source whose spectrum is centered on 1940 nm is advantageously used.
- a source centered at 1450 nm can also be used, especially for plants with a high water content.
- the second source optionally used as calibration means may be centered for example on 1300 nm.
- the modulation of the average optical power emitted by the light source (s) is carried out at a determined frequency, fixed or variable.
- the device comprises, on the one hand, means for amplifying the alternating component of the photoelectric signal, tuned to the modulation frequency (or to a multiple frequency) of the light source or sources, and on the other hand part of the synchronous detection means of said signal.
- a narrow-band filter can be used to reduce the noise signals out of the bandwidth of the wanted signal, and also to adjust the phase shift of the pre-amplification chain so that the photoelectric signal and the reference are in phase (or in opposition phase) at the input of the synchronous detector.
- Synchronous detection rectifies the AC signal to provide a continuous signal whose average value is proportional to the amplitude of the photoelectric signal. This gives a continuous signal proportional to the optical power passing through the plant element.
- part of the analog chain can be replaced by an analog digital converter (ADC) associated with a digital signal processor (or Digital Signal Processor, DSP).
- ADC analog digital converter
- DSP Digital Signal Processor
- the photoelectric alternating signal is digitized as well as the reference signal, the two signals being coherent with that coming from a clock.
- the digital processing reconstructs the fundamental (or a harmonic) of the photoelectric signal. Thanks to the presence of the reference signal internal to the DSP, it is easy to suppress the non-coherent signals (noises) and to reduce the contribution of the crosstalk.
- the useful information is deduced in digital form by the determination of the RMS value of the digitally filtered photoelectric signal.
- the probe comprises thermal regulation means able to keep the temperature of the junction of the first light source, and also that of the photoreceptor, constant. It is indeed preferable to stabilize the light source temperature to perfectly match the emission spectrum to the absorption line of water. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the temperature of the photoreceptor is relatively low on hot days, to reduce the dark current and adjust the longer cutoff wavelength of the spectral response.
- the source or light sources may be, for example, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), single-band type laser diodes, or surface-emitting laser diodes.
- the photoreceptor is chosen in a manner known to those skilled in the art. It is for example a photoconductor, or preferably a heterojunction photodiode.
- the photodiode is characterized by a very great dynamic in linearity. As a result, the small amplitude of the alternating current that contains the useful information is superimposed without deformation or noticeable compression at the very high average component generated by the ambient light.
- the photoreceptor may also be associated with a transimpedance circuit capable of maintaining its constant polarization voltage, so that said photoreceptor maintains a linear regime.
- the light source (s) illuminate a relatively large area of the sheet.
- the transmission of a fraction of the diffuse light, which radiates from the plant element according to Lambert's law (extended source) is then picked up by the photoreceptor which has a wide field of view, which makes it possible to take into account the defects and irregularities of the plant element by averaging over a large area. In doing so, it is necessary that the plant element is lit in the same way throughout the area.
- the device comprises an optical assembly adapted to ensure wide uniform illumination of the plant element by the light source or sources.
- the light source or sources For example, we can use a set of prisms (or mirrors) whose reflective surface forms a 45-degree angle with the incident ray and lenses placed on either side of the plant element to orient the light emitted by the first source and focus on the photoreceptor in a short optical path inside a compact device.
- the assembly has the smallest possible dimensions, compatible with its integration into a portable measuring device, without however the accuracy of the measurement suffers. It is clever to use for this purpose an assembly comprising two Fresnel prisms placed on either side of the plant element.
- the reflective surface is not a 45 degree flat surface, but comprises a plurality of facets arranged in steps, each at an angle of 45 degrees to the incident ray. The thickness of the prisms being thus reduced, there is a miniaturized optical assembly in thickness, producing an illumination of the plant by a light collimated over a wide area.
- the probe is carried by a movable member having two jaws.
- One of the jaws supports the one or more light sources and the other jaw the photoreceptor, said jaws being spaced apart so that the light source (s) and the photoreceptor are placed on either side of the jaw. plant element when taking a measurement.
- the sample is thus engaged without compressive contact between the two jaws.
- the optical components are at a fixed distance from one another during the measurements.
- the photoreceptor when the device according to the invention is in measurement position, the photoreceptor is placed on the upper jaw so as to limit the direct solar illumination, and the light source (s) are placed on the jaw lower emitting their luminous flux upwards.
- the emission and detection elements can be protected from foreign bodies (dust, water, etc.) by transparent protection plates at the wavelengths considered.
- the addition of removable protective skirts in opaque flexible plastic also makes it possible to limit the contributions to the external illumination signal.
- the jaws are provided with a hinge allowing their opening.
- This arrangement has a significant advantage when a succession of measurements is performed on a plant element by a mobile device, automated or manual.
- the probe can then be placed at the level of the plant element with a maximum opening of the jaws, which are then tightened to the measuring position.
- the neutral position (at rest) of the jaws may be the closed position, preferred in automatic mode, or the preferred open position in manual mode.
- the neutral position can be maintained by a tension spring or flat springs depending on the mode chosen.
- the device comprises an adjustable stop cooperating with the jaws to adjust the spacing of the latter in an optimum measurement position.
- a satisfactory gap is for example close to 5 mm to 25 mm.
- a large spacing of at least 10 mm is preferred.
- the latter advantageously furthermore comprises electrical connection means with the measuring box, as well as electronic detection means associated with the photoreceptor and means of thermal regulation at least of the first light source and preferably also the photoreceptor.
- the electrical wiring of the elements is conveniently included in the corresponding jaw.
- the subject of the present invention is also an apparatus for controlling the hydration state of a plant element incorporating the measuring device as just described and capable of providing other complementary functions contributing to the production result searched on a larger scale of time and / or space.
- a device for monitoring the hydration state of a plant element comprising:
- a device as described above suitable for performing successive measurements of the optical transmission coefficient of a plant element in its natural environment, means for holding the plant element in a non-binding position,
- control module means of communication with a control module.
- the control module constitutes a central unit which is the master unit including notably the motherboard and the batteries, and can be located locally in the apparatus or partially at a distance, according to a structure adapted to the operation of the apparatus object of the invention. invention and designed in the state of the art known to those skilled in the art.
- the means for holding the plant element in a non-binding position may be of any type, provided that they allow repeated measurement at intervals of time on the same equipment. This implies firstly that the plant material is kept in good condition throughout the monitoring campaign, and secondly that it maintains an identical positioning with respect to the measuring device. Now it is clear that under the conditions of the open field, the plant is not immobile, it changes size by developing and moving according to the wind.
- non-binding position it is understood that the selected means of maintenance ensure the maintenance of the plant in a given position without damaging it, altering it, or even more destroying it, therefore without generating stress that can modify the water status of the plant. the plant element.
- the means for holding the plant element may consist of a gantry placed at the height of the probe, and at least one immobilization attachment of a portion of the plant carrying said element. vegetal.
- a part is for example a stem or a branch on which the plant element develops and which has a rigidity for immobile holding, that is to say firm but without pressure.
- the apparatus may comprise an internal housing for protecting the movable member and means for moving said member to the plant element before taking a measurement. It is thus possible between two measurements, to protect the probe components from the weather and dust, the sheet under test remains subject to normal conditions of sunshine or rain.
- the apparatus includes an automatic mechanism for moving the probe and controlling the movement of the jaws.
- the apparatus according to the invention preferably also comprises means for acquiring data relating to the climatic and / or geographical environment of the plant element. It may for example include a remote unit including a rain gauge, a thermohygrometer and an anemometer. In a preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, it comprises one or more of the following modules:
- microcontroller module for controlling electronic functions and mechanical automatisms
- a communication interface module provided with a local and / or remote output
- a power supply module comprising an autonomous energy source.
- the appropriate electronic circuits are associated with these modules. They include, in particular, the cards and the necessary electronic components, in particular the detection components that can be deported in the mobile measuring device, the temperature control electronics, the transmission and clock block electronics, the amplification, the filtering and detection, a probe card, the analog main board providing the link card probe and control / measurement signals.
- the device and the apparatus as just described are particularly suitable for implementing a method for determining the hydration rate of a plant element in its natural environment.
- a method is claimed in which a measurement of the optical transmission coefficient is carried out using a device or an apparatus according to the invention.
- Also subject of the present invention is a method for determining the hydration rate of a plant element in its natural environment by measuring the optical transmission coefficient using an optoelectronic probe, which essentially comprises the steps of :
- the device In the automatic configuration, the device is located in nature near the reference plant.
- the implantation chosen is advantageously such that it makes it possible to carry out successive measurements autonomously and automatically during a longer or shorter period of up to several months.
- the use of a second light source is optional, but improves the measurement, because it allows to have a value of the transmittance of the plant element independent of its water content.
- the method comprises the steps of: amplifying said AC component of light received by the photoreceptor tuned to the modulation frequency of the light sources, and synchronous detection of the photoelectric signal, to obtain at the output a signal proportional to the optical power having passed through the plant element.
- the processing mode of the photoelectric signal obtained can be analog or digital.
- an analog channel band pass filter and synchronous detection
- a continuous signal is output that is proportional to the optical power that has passed through the plant element.
- the narrow-band filter reduces the noise signals out of the useful signal bandwidth and adjusts the phase shift of the pre-amplification chain so that the photoelectric signal and the reference signal are in phase (or in opposition) phase) at the input of the synchronous detector. This performs rectification of the AC signal to provide a continuous signal.
- ADC analog-to-digital converter
- a digital signal is obtained which is proportional to the component of the modulated optical power that has passed through the plant element and a numerical value proportional to the rms value. this photoelectric signal.
- the analog signal is converted into a signal digital and processed by reference to a clock signal produced by a DSP digital signal processor, consistent with the modulation signal of the light sources.
- the temperature at the junction of the first light source, and preferably that of the photoreceptor is maintained at a constant value, corresponding perfectly to the water absorption line in the vegetal. Also preferably, the polarization voltage of the photoreceptor is kept constant during the measurement.
- the light emitted by the light source (s) passes through an optical assembly capable of ensuring wide uniform illumination of the plant element. It can cross a set of prisms whose reflective surface forms a 45-degree angle with the incident ray and lenses, placed on either side of the plant element. For example, it passes through a first lens and a first prism upstream of the plant element, then downstream thereof, a second prism and a second lens for focusing the light transmitted on the photoreceptor.
- the light emitted by the light source (s) passes through two Fresnel prisms whose reflecting surface comprises a plurality of facets forming an angle of 45 degrees with the incident ray, said prisms being placed on either side of the plant element.
- a probe carried by a movable member having two jaws separated by a spacing, supporting vis-à-vis, one or the light sources and the other the photoreceptor, and that place said jaws on either side of the plant element prior to taking a measurement.
- said jaws are spaced apart and then closed up to an adjustment stop of the spacing of the latter in position of measured.
- the plant element is permanently maintained in a non-binding position by immobilization of a part of the plant carrying said element, such that it is accessible to the plant. movable member carrying the probe.
- the method according to the invention may further comprise one or more operations consisting in acquiring data relating to the climatic and / or geographical environment of said plant element.
- the present method may comprise at least one of the following operations, managed by a local automatic system or controlled remotely:
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the photometric measuring device of a plant element according to the invention comprising a probe and a measuring case.
- Fig. 1 a schematically represents an optical assembly for the broad illumination of a plant element, comprising a set of lenses and flat prisms.
- Fig. 1 b schematically represents an optical assembly for the broad illumination of a plant element, comprising two Fresnel prisms.
- Fig.2 is a block diagram of an apparatus for evaluating and monitoring the state of hydration of a plant cover according to the invention.
- Fig.3 shows a movable member carrying a probe, with articulated jaws actuated by a tension spring.
- Fig.4 is a flowchart of an apparatus according to the invention, illustrating a method of operation according to an automated mode.
- EXAMPLE 1 Device for photometric measurement of a plant element
- the device for determining the hydration rate of a plant element in its natural environment here comprises the optoelectronic probe 1, associated with the measurement housing 2.
- the probe 1 comprises two LEDs emitting a narrow-band spectrum: the LED 3 emitting at the wavelength of 1940 nm which corresponds to a band of strong water absorption, as well as the LED 4, emitting at 1300 nm, weakly absorbed by water . It also includes the photodiode 5 coupled to its amplifier, whose response spectral corresponds to the emission bands of the two LEDs.
- the housing 2 contains a main electronic card incorporating most of the electronics implemented.
- the housing 2 and the probe 1 form two separate elements and physically connected by a cable or a sheet.
- the adjustment of the central emission wavelength of the LED 3 is carried out by the temperature regulator 9a of the junction.
- the LED 4 centered on 1300 nm allows a calibration of the optical transmission measurement of the sample by determining an attenuation of the signal independent of the water content of the sample. This LED is not regulated in temperature.
- the average power emitted by the LEDs is modulated at a given frequency imposed by the clock 11. Only this alternative component of the photoelectric current containing the information is then processed by the detection chain.
- the photodiode 5 is regulated in temperature by the regulator 9b integrated in the housing of the photodiode.
- the semiconductor technology necessary to give the desired spectral response results in this photodiode having a large dark current. To reduce this current of darkness, two techniques are used:
- the photodiode 5 is characterized by a very great dynamic in linearity. As a result, the small amplitude of the alternating current that contains the information is superimposed, without deformation, nor significant compression to the very large average component generated by the ambient light. In doing so, it is necessary that the transimpedance circuit which maintains the polarization voltage of the photodiode constant remains a linear regime. This average current degrades the photoelectric signal-to-noise ratio by generating a shot noise current, whose quadratic spectral density is constant (white noise source). In order to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio, selective amplification (with the aid of the amplifier 7) is applied to the modulation frequency which avoids overloading the input of the synchronous detector 8 with noise.
- the amplifier 12 whose voltage gain is programmable is introduced to adjust the dynamics of the synchronous detector 8.
- the time constant of the low-pass filter 13 at the output of the synchronous detection imposes the equivalent bandwidth of the noise of the string.
- Detection synchronous rectifies the AC signal whose average value is proportional to the amplitude of the photoelectric signal. It is this average component that we measure.
- the analog chain of measurement is described in Figure 1.
- the electronic components implemented are standard components available and easily available on the market. Alternatives may be considered provided that the expected functionality of the component is met.
- the probe 1 can be equipped with the optical assembly 40, represented in FIG. 1a.
- the light is emitted by the first LED 3 at 1940 nm, and by the calibration LED 4 at 1300 nm.
- the light passes through the first lens 41 and the flat prism 42.
- the uniform beam at the output of the first prism 42 then irradiates the plant element 10 over a wide area.
- the transmitted light is received by the second flat prism 43 and then focused by the second lens 44 on the photoreceptor 5.
- the flat prisms 42, 43 and the lenses 41, 44 are replaced by two Fresnel prisms 46, 47, provided with a plurality of facets 48 arranged at 45 degrees with respect to the incident beam and in "steps of staircase", deflecting the light beam according to the same principle as lenses of Fresnel.
- the assembly 40 has a minimum footprint and can easily be integrated into a compact device, which allows its miniaturization while remaining compatible with excellent measurement accuracy.
- EXAMPLE 2 Device with movable member supporting the probe
- the probe 1 of the device described in example 1 is carried by the movable member 20, comprises the two jaws 21 and 22, mobile around the joint 24 and separated by the spacing 23. This organ allows:
- the implementation of the movable member 20 can be performed automatically or manually.
- the neutral position of the jaws 21, 22 is ensured by the action of springs 28 and varies according to the automatic or manual mode. In automatic mode, the neutral position is the closed position maintained by traction springs; in manual mode, the neutral position is the open position provided by flat springs.
- the measurement electronics is integrally mounted at both ends of the jaws 21, 22 in direct vis-à-vis by clamping said jaws.
- the photodiode 5 is located on the upper jaw 21 so as to limit direct sunlight.
- the LEDs 3, 4 are located on the lower jaw 22, emitting their luminous flux upwards.
- the emission and detection elements 3, 4, 5 can be protected from the insertion of foreign bodies (dust, water, etc.) by two transparent protection plates at the wavelengths considered (not shown).
- the spacing between the two jaws 21, 22 is 15 mm and constitutes the insertion zone of the sample 10.
- the electrical wiring of the emission and detection elements is each integrated for its part in the support jaw.
- the spacing between the LEDs 3, 4 and the photodiode 5 is constant, ie 5 mm (edge on board of the components); the adjustable abutment 25 placed at the origin of the movable member 20 allows the proper positioning vis-à-vis these elements.
- the illuminated surface (at the level of the sample) is of the order of 2 cm 2 and can be reduced by circular opacification of a portion of the protection plate.
- the addition of removable protective skirts made of flexible plastic makes it possible to limit the contributions of external illumination.
- the sample 10 is engaged without compressive contact between the two jaws 21, 22.
- the optical components are at a determined fixed distance from one another during the measurements.
- EXAMPLE 3 Apparatus for monitoring the hydration state of a plant cover
- the apparatus shown in Figure 2 is made with a device and a movable member as described in Examples 1 and 2 respectively.
- the apparatus presented here has an automatic mode of operation. It comprises means for holding the plant sample in a non-binding position, and communication means 31 with a control module 30, connected by the wiring 26. 3.1) Maintaining the sample
- the gantry 27 is constituted by a circular rod of variable geometry according to the morphology of the sample (leaf area, length / width ratio ...) and the plant that carries it (woody or non-woody plant). It has a standard termination, for example two parallel pins, allowing its insertion into the body of the device. of the fastening fasteners allowing the non-altering and nondestructive attachment of the plant, consist of:
- the number of fasteners varies depending on the plant (type of plant, leaf characteristics %) and environmental conditions, including wind.
- the system environment represented in FIG. 4 allows the fixed implantation in a natural environment, a remote management and an automation of the measurement cycle, in particular the self-calibration of the measurement electronics, the servocontrol of the positioning of the probe on the sample during the measurement, and the teletransmission of the measurement at the end of its realization.
- It constitutes a central unit which is the master unit including in particular the motherboard and the batteries, and can be located locally in the apparatus or partially at a distance, according to a structure adapted to the operation of the apparatus object of the invention and designed in the state of the art known to those skilled in the art.
- This module 30 has the following functions: to control individually the different modules involved in the implementation of measurement cycles and to coordinate their actions;
- the "communication interface” module This is a set 31 composed of two submodules dedicated to the local communication 31 (a) and the remote communication 31 (b). Their functions are:
- the remote communication sub-module 31 (b) is a GSM wireless communication module on the communication card. It has an external antenna positioned on the upper block of the central unit.
- the triggering mode of the selected measurement cycle determines the appearance of the GSM link:
- the microcontroller automatically triggers measurement cycles at the programmed times: the GSM-probe is used to transmit the result of the measurement to the GSM-administrator.
- the triggering of a measuring cycle involves the sending of an SMS message from the GSM-user to the GSM-probe.
- the GSM-probe sensor On receipt of the SMS, the GSM-probe sensor transmits the information to the microcontroller that triggers the measurement, then transmits the measurement result to the GSM-administrator.
- the triggers are performed simultaneously by the user and by the device (programming). The last two modes imply that the GSM-probe is in permanent standby.
- This module 34 has the following functions:
- This module 33 has the following functions:
- the deployment / refolding system of the movable member 20 is a servo on a linear displacement. It is realized by means of a linear stepper motor. The motor is secured to the member 20 (rear side) and the front end of the screw is fixed to the home base. The motor is controlled by the microcontroller 30.
- the measurement is carried out by an operator present on the site.
- the operator turns on the device, starts the test phase (input voltage and send / receive link budget) and performs a blank measurement (without sample).
- the movable member 20 is then manually positioned on the test sheet 10 to perform the transmittance measurement.
- the microcontroller 30 then calculates the transmittance and compiles the information to be returned (the device parameters) and the transmittance measurements, locally and / or remotely. The device is then turned off.
- the measurement is performed by an apparatus as described above, according to a mode of operation implementing the modules of FIG. 4. Outside the measurement phases, the apparatus installed near the monitored plant is in standby position. Its activation and the triggering of a measurement are carried out on receipt of a remote command or by programmed automatic triggering.
- the information is communicated to the microcontroller 30 which, in turn, commands simultaneously the module "automatic probe" 33 and the photometric device 1, 2.
- the chronology of actions is as follows:
- the microcontroller module 30 then calculates the transmittance and compiles the information to be returned (weather data, probe parameters and transmittance measurements).
- the sending is carried out remotely to a reception center 35. At the end of the cycle, the device returns to its standby state.
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- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200880023222A CN101784882A (zh) | 2007-07-06 | 2008-07-01 | 用于测量植物在其自然环境中水化作用的光电子测量装置 |
| US12/667,896 US8228504B2 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2008-07-01 | Device for optoelectronic measurement of the hydration of a plant in its natural environment |
| AU2008274385A AU2008274385A1 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2008-07-01 | Optoelectronic device for measuring the hydration of a plant in its natural environment |
| EP08774569A EP2165179A1 (fr) | 2007-07-06 | 2008-07-01 | Dispositif de mesure optoelectronique de l'hydratation d'un vegetal dans son environnement naturel |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0704883A FR2918458B1 (fr) | 2007-07-06 | 2007-07-06 | Dispositif de mesure non destructive de l'hydratation d'un vegetal dans son environnement naturel |
| FR07/04883 | 2007-07-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009007269A1 true WO2009007269A1 (fr) | 2009-01-15 |
Family
ID=38535396
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2008/058419 WO2009007269A1 (fr) | 2007-07-06 | 2008-07-01 | Dispositif de mesure optoelectronique de l'hydratation d'un vegetal dans son environnement naturel |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8228504B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2165179A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN101784882A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2008274385A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2918458B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009007269A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012053877A1 (fr) | 2010-10-20 | 2012-04-26 | Uab "Žemdirbių Konsultacijos" | Procédé et dispositif permettant de diagnostiquer les conditions de croissance d'une plante |
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| DE102010034603B4 (de) * | 2010-08-13 | 2013-01-31 | Franke Gmbh | Sensorsystem und Verfahren zur Bestimmung einer optischen Eigenschaft einer Pflanze |
| CN101949825B (zh) * | 2010-08-17 | 2012-07-18 | 中国农业大学 | 光开放环境下的叶片水分近红外无损检测装置及方法 |
| CN102243069B (zh) * | 2011-06-22 | 2013-05-01 | 华南农业大学 | 一种叶面积指数测定方法 |
| US10215676B2 (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2019-02-26 | Carl L. C. Kah, Jr. | Plant stem tree branch or trunk moisture probe |
| CN102591102B (zh) * | 2011-12-30 | 2014-08-20 | 浙江省农业科学院 | 一种植物叶表图像信息采集暗箱 |
| WO2014017940A1 (fr) | 2012-07-26 | 2014-01-30 | Universidade De Coimbra | Système et procédé d'évaluation in vivo et/ou in situ d'états physiologiques de tissus végétaux à l'aide de techniques d'impédance |
| CN105987889A (zh) * | 2015-02-11 | 2016-10-05 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | 用于卫星金属材料光电子发射的测量装置及其使用方法 |
| CN106033049A (zh) * | 2015-03-13 | 2016-10-19 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | 一种卫星材料表面光电子发射率的测量装置及其使用方法 |
| JP6614796B2 (ja) * | 2015-05-11 | 2019-12-04 | 株式会社パスコ | 地表面含水情報取得方法、地表面含水情報取得装置及びプログラム |
| US11002670B2 (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2021-05-11 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Device for observing water content, method for observing water content, and cultivation device |
| JP5982731B1 (ja) * | 2016-02-26 | 2016-08-31 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 水分量観察装置、水分量観察方法及び栽培装置 |
| JP5979573B1 (ja) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-08-24 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 水分量観察装置、水分量観察方法及び栽培装置 |
| WO2017208765A1 (fr) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-07 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Dispositif d'observation de teneur en humidité, procédé d'observation de teneur en humidité, et dispositif de culture |
| JP6745459B2 (ja) * | 2016-07-19 | 2020-08-26 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 水分量観察装置、水分量観察方法及び栽培装置 |
| JP6845823B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-14 | 2021-03-24 | 朝日航洋株式会社 | 地盤の水分状態を検出するための方法および検出システム |
| JP2020177026A (ja) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-10-29 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 水分量観察装置、水分量観察方法及び栽培装置 |
| CN112044258A (zh) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-12-08 | 北京国电龙源环保工程有限公司 | 一种用于湿法脱硫的加药系统 |
| FR3116903A1 (fr) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-06-03 | Vegetal Signals | Dispositif d’analyse électrophysiologique d’au moins une plante |
| EP4036559A1 (fr) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-08-03 | YARA International ASA | Système et procédé de détection de propriétés de plantes et du sol |
| IT202100002888A1 (it) * | 2021-02-10 | 2022-08-10 | Univ Degli Studi Milano | Dispositivo portatile per l’analisi di matrici vegetali sul campo e relativo sistema e metodo |
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- 2008-07-01 AU AU2008274385A patent/AU2008274385A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-07-01 CN CN200880023222A patent/CN101784882A/zh active Pending
- 2008-07-01 US US12/667,896 patent/US8228504B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-07-01 EP EP08774569A patent/EP2165179A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012053877A1 (fr) | 2010-10-20 | 2012-04-26 | Uab "Žemdirbių Konsultacijos" | Procédé et dispositif permettant de diagnostiquer les conditions de croissance d'une plante |
| LT5858B (lt) | 2010-10-20 | 2012-08-27 | Uab "Žemdirbių Konsultacijos" | Augalo augimo sąlygų diagnostikos būdas ir įrenginys |
| DE112011103545T5 (de) | 2010-10-20 | 2013-08-01 | Uab "Zemdirbiu Konsultacijos" | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Diagnose von Pflanzenwachstumsbedingungen |
| DE112011103545B4 (de) | 2010-10-20 | 2022-06-09 | Uab "Zemdirbiu Konsultacijos" | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Diagnose von Pflanzenwachstumsbedingungen |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2008274385A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
| FR2918458B1 (fr) | 2012-07-20 |
| US20100182604A1 (en) | 2010-07-22 |
| FR2918458A1 (fr) | 2009-01-09 |
| CN101784882A (zh) | 2010-07-21 |
| EP2165179A1 (fr) | 2010-03-24 |
| US8228504B2 (en) | 2012-07-24 |
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