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WO2009004120A1 - Procédé et appareil d'application de revêtement sur des produits - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil d'application de revêtement sur des produits Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009004120A1
WO2009004120A1 PCT/FI2008/050406 FI2008050406W WO2009004120A1 WO 2009004120 A1 WO2009004120 A1 WO 2009004120A1 FI 2008050406 W FI2008050406 W FI 2008050406W WO 2009004120 A1 WO2009004120 A1 WO 2009004120A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coating
substrate
varnish
plastic
coated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI2008/050406
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Olavi Nieminen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Theta Optics Ltd Oy
Original Assignee
Theta Optics Ltd Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Theta Optics Ltd Oy filed Critical Theta Optics Ltd Oy
Publication of WO2009004120A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009004120A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/36—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J11/00—Devices or arrangements  of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form
    • B41J11/0015—Devices or arrangements  of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form for treating before, during or after printing or for uniform coating or laminating the copy material before or after printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
    • B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/00865—Applying coatings; tinting; colouring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/22—Absorbing filters
    • G02B5/23—Photochromic filters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of coating products, the method comprising spreading a coating onto a surface of a substrate to be coated by a microjet printer.
  • the invention further relates to an apparatus for coating products, the apparatus comprising a microjet printer configured to spread a coating material onto a substrate to be coated.
  • coated products such as optical products, e.g. eyeglasses, protective glasses and sunglasses or other lenses, protective films or windows, which can be found e.g. in the following devices: GPS (Global Positioning System) devices, computers, television screens, laptops, mobile telephones and other telecommunication devices, etc.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • the methods include phases wherein a surface of a substrate made of plastic or glass is provided with coatings.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a novel and improved method and apparatus.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized by arranging a jetting head of the microjet printer to oscillate in a direction transverse with respect to a direction of propagation of the substrate.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that a jetting head of the microjet printer is arranged to oscillate in a direction transverse with respect to a direction of propagation of the substrate.
  • An advantage of the invention is that it enables manufacture of products having coatings with small thickness variation and good morphological surface evenness.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic top view showing a coating result to be achieved by the inkjet printer of Figure 1
  • Figure 3 is a schematic side view showing a coating result to be achieved by the inkjet printer of Figure 1
  • Figure 4 schematically shows a microjet printer according to the invention in the course of coating a substrate
  • Figure 5 is a schematic top view showing a coating result to be achieved by the microjet printer of Figure 4,
  • Figure 6 is a schematic top view showing a pattern produced by a microjet printer according to the invention.
  • Figure 7 schematically shows a method according to the invention and an apparatus to be used therein
  • Figure 8 is a schematic side view showing a substrate coated with a prior art coating method
  • Figure 9 is a schematic side view showing another method according to the invention and an apparatus to be used therein.
  • Figure 1 shows operation of a known inkjet printer wherein a layer of varnish 3 is sprayed onto a surface 2 of a piece 1.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic top view showing a coating result to be achieved by the microjet printer of Figure 1 when the coverage of two successive drops is (from left to right) 25, 50, and 75%.
  • An inkjet printer 5 (hereinafter jet printer) comprises microjets 6 wherein a pressure shock is generated by an oscillating piezo crystal. Owing to the pressure shock, a drop of a determined size shoots out of an aperture of a nozzle.
  • Figure 2 shows how a function of a passing through speed of a product may be used for influencing the thickness of a surface. This is determined according to the extent at which successive dots of varnish 4 produced by the drops cover one another. If the repetition frequency of the jet printer 5 is the same, e.g. 8 kHz, the passing through time of the product may be used for in- fluencing the thickness of the surface, i.e. how many clots of varnish 4 settle on one another and how they cover one another 5, 6, and 7.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic side view showing a coating result to be achieved by the inkjet printer of Figure 1.
  • a varnish 8 even if 8 ⁇ m thick, does not become even but remains raster-like, i.e. it is left with low (A) and high (B) points.
  • the problem occurs even if the thicknessof the varnish were more than 8 ⁇ m, which is a typical thickness for a varnish.
  • the problem becomes even more severe when the coating is a sol-gel coating, whose layer thickness is typically 25 to 400 nm.
  • a sol-gel surface would be completely streaky. Streaks occur in a normal process, but an even more serious problem arises if even one of the nozzles becomes clogged even momentarily. In such a case, a streak appears as a distinct groove.
  • the production tolerances of jet printers may vary and, typically, some drop rows do not work in an optimal line, i.e. a drop does not shoot out from the nozzle completely directly but slightly aside. This is why some line is provided with a thinner layer while an immediately adjacent one is provided with a thicker surface.
  • a static, i.e. physically immobile, inkjet head produces a streaky print, i.e. coating.
  • the coating 8 is thicker at a point of a surface 11 to be coated where the microdrops land.
  • the nozzle unit oscillates in the transverse direction, i.e. in the direction transverse with respect to the direction of propagation of the substrate to be coated.
  • Figure 4 schematically shows a microjet printer according to the invention in the course of coating a substrate.
  • a nozzle unit 12 oscillates 13 in direction X 14, i.e. in a direction transverse with respect to the direction of propagation of a substrate, preferably at least ⁇ 0.01 to 2.0 mm, i.e. at least a distance equal to that provided between two nozzles.
  • drops of varnish 16 settle not only in direction X horizontally on one another (partly or completely) but also in direction Y, i.e. vertically, on one another. This is shown in more detail in Figure 5.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic top view showing a coating result produced by the microjet printer of Figure 4.
  • a next a next drop 16b settles slightly aside and partly covers the previous drop 16a.
  • a next drop 16c is again placed in this set, it will partly cover both the drop 16a and the drop 16b, etc.
  • one or more drops may be distributed onto the substrate. In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, one drop is distributed in its direction.
  • the oscillation of the nozzle unit 12 may be stopped for a desired length of time, whereafter the oscillation may resume.
  • the entire substrate may be coated by a non- oscillating nozzle unit 12.
  • Oscillation, its extent and/or frequency may preferably be adjusted and controlled by digital control devices known per se. This enables both an extremely even and optically high quality surface to be produced and an area to be coated to be accurately defined.
  • coatings such as hard coatings, IR blocking coatings, UV blocking coatings, AR coatings, anti-fogging coatings, photochromatic coatings, primer coatings and other functional coatings, may be produced wherein the thickness variation required of a coating is small and the morphological surface evenness has to be good.
  • the coating process may be carried out in any gas atmosphere. In some cases, such as when manufacturing hard coatings, it is preferable that the coating is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere, such as argon, nitrogen, xenon, helium, dry air, etc.
  • Photocromatic molecules are either organic or inorganic. An inorganic molecule is the historical basis of photochromatic lenses.
  • Organic molecules act in different ways. They are planar and large. In UV light they twist and adopt a three-dimensional form. They may even open up from the ring form and become open. As a final result, the molecules thus change from colourless to coloured ones. This is schematically shown by:
  • This molecule is called naphtopyrane.
  • This phenomenon is not perpetually reversible, unlike silver halides.
  • the molecule cannot twist endlessly but it grows tired over time. It is impossible to reverse the activity of the molecule.
  • These molecules enable any colour to be produced with photochromatic colourants.
  • Many molecules absorb infrared range light, whose wavelength is between 800 and 1400 nm. It is known that this property is utilized in chemical analyses by using an IR spectrometer. These molecules may be added to coatings without this disturbing a polymerization process or without this disturbing the travel of visible light. In principle, such molecules come in two types: organic and inorganic. Inorganic IR radiation absorbing molecules include several doped metal oxides, sulphides, and selenides.
  • ITO Indium Tin Oxide
  • Organic IR absorbing materials are typically large molecules that are cis-trans isomeric, i.e. in which the double bond may twist around into two different positions. This isomerization mechanism may also be activated by energy emitted from photons from the IR range. In a manner similar to that in connection with inorganic molecules, this energy is released slowly and the molecule returns to the original position.
  • the molecule most used in this category is phytochromobilin:
  • phytochromobilin In nature, phytochromobilin is found in some plants, wherein it helps them to adapt to sunlight. Phytochromobilin belongs to the tetrapyrrole family.
  • a hard coating comprises five components: 1. adhesion-promoting hard silane monomer ⁇ e.g. GLYMO),
  • hard silane monomer e.g. TEOS: SKOC ⁇ HsJ-O
  • sol-gel nanoparticles e.g. AI 2 O 3
  • solvent e.g. methoxy propanol
  • substance to improve surface evenness e.g. Byk 340.
  • An optimal point exists at which the best adhesion and hardness are achieved simultaneously. This is a particularly critical aspect if the material to be coated is e.g. polycarbonate (PC).
  • PC polycarbonate
  • the optimal point may most often be achieved only by means of a primer layer, i.e. an adhesion layer.
  • Primers are substances that enable the surface of an organic substance to be provided with an adhesion-promoting layer. They may also be called varnishes with maximum adhesion but without maximum hardness. They mainly belong to the pofyurethane group.
  • a primer may be mixed with various functional components.
  • thicker coatings e.g. varnish coatings of 3 to 30 ⁇ m
  • thicker coatings may be spread without problems even if they contained nanofillers, as is always the case with optical varnish products.
  • nanofillers such as TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , AI 2 O 3 , TaO 5 , SiO 2 , usually oxides or ceramic nanofillers, become packed at exactly where the nozzles of the inkjet printer place them.
  • Sagging in a coating area again, means that the surface thickness is not constant, so the coating is useless at least as far as the production of optical or functional coatings is concerned.
  • the optimal viscosity for a coating material is 9 to 20 cPs when the temperature of the coating material is 20 0 C to 3O 0 C.
  • the viscosity of the coating material itself may be higher, e.g. 30 cPs at a temperature of 20 0 C, but a microjet printer head may be equipped with a heating element enabling the viscosity to be lowered to the optimal level of 9 to 15 cPs when the material reaches a jetting nozzle.
  • the solvent content of the coating material may be considerably lower, and yet the viscosity level required by the nozzle is provided.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic top view showing a pattern produced by a microjet printer according to the invention. During the oscillating movement, herein taking place in direction X, several drops of a coating material have been distributed onto the substrate. In this way the oscillation frequency may be lowered, which has an advantageous effect on the service life of the microjet printer.
  • the jet printer according to the invention may be applied e.g. to painting, varnishing, producing sol-gel coatings and spreading glazings.
  • An oscillating printer head may be arranged e.g. in a robot or in a linear actuator operating one- or more-axially.
  • an aim is to provide a viscous-like material, such as plastic, with a surface that is as hard as possible while still retaining the good properties of plastic, e.g. shock resistance, easy and simple formability, incorporation of additional functions, etc. To put it simply, the aim is to achieve e.g. the hardness of glass and the shock resistance of plastic simultaneously.
  • Plastic per se cannot independently be as hard as glass, e.g. Bk7 or quartz glass. It is known that in order to increase the surface hardness of plastic expressly, it is hard-coated e.g. with acrylate-, siloxane- or epoxy-based coatings, which are generally referred to as varnishes.
  • the coating method may include dipping, air spraying or spin-coat varnishing methods or previously unknown digitally controlled microjetting methods.
  • the hardness properties of the plastic per se have to be influenced as well. Irrespective of the extent of hardness of a coating to be provided on a workpiece, with the properties of the coating alone it is impossible for the thickness of the coating to be great enough to enable a surface hardness equal to that of glass to be achieved when the surface is subjected to stress. This is because the coefficients of thermal expansion of plastic and the coating are so different that too thick a coating will simply peel off. If the hard coating, e.g. a siloxane varnish, is provided directly on top of the plastic, a typical maximum thickness is approximately 6 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the hard coating may be more than 10 ⁇ m, e.g. 20 ⁇ m.
  • the maximum thickness of a typical surface produced by dipping varnishing is 4 ⁇ m.
  • the coating per se were extremely hard and had a thickness of e.g. 25 ⁇ m, which would already mean a very thick coating, it is still impossible by means of such a coating to make the surface glass-like in terms of surface hardness when it is subjected to stress.
  • the base material i.e. plastic
  • the coating gives in under strain. Only by influencing the hardness properties of plastic as well can a comprehensive solution be achieved wherein the good and desired properties of glass and plastic are combined.
  • plastic per se may be influenced, but it does not bring the necessary additional value, but hardness is primarily influenced by certain filling materials that have been incorporated in a plastic raw material. It is known per se to incorporate inorganic filling materials into an organic viscous-like material, such as plastic and varnishes. For instance, plastic has been mixed with fibreglass and glass filling through the ages. Similarly, quartz, i.e. glass, nanoparticles have been incorporated in varnishes so as to provide a greater hardness or titanium oxide particles so as to change the refractive index. The problem with this is that when nanoparticles, having the size e.g.
  • the problem can be solved such that the nanoparticles, e.g. 20 nm SiO 2 particles, are coated e.g. with a silane coating. In this manner, the coated nanoparticles may be directly incorporated into a varnish, for instance.
  • a problem may still be that the nanoparticles are not uniformly distributed in a plastic material in dry form, e.g. as granulate or powder.
  • nanoparticles it is thus most preferable to mix nanoparticles, whether they be coated or not, preferabfy, however, coated, with a plastic raw material in a so- called wet phase.
  • a plastic raw material in a so-called wet phase.
  • PC polycarbonate
  • epoxy this would mean that during the manufacture of plastic, a nanoparticle is incorporated into one of its components, e.g. as is the case with BISFENOL-A in connection with epoxy.
  • This enables a grade of plastic that has been completely homogenously doped and comprises nanoparticles to be manufactured.
  • a workpiece made of such a grade of plastic may be covered with a coating provided with a completely homogenously distributed mass of nanoparticles.
  • the layer thickness of a coating is accurate and its thickness may be more than 5 ⁇ m, preferably more than 10 ⁇ m.
  • the microjetting method enables an optimal surface thickness to be achieved where the thickness tolerance for the entire surface is less than ⁇ 5%, most preferably less than ⁇ 1%.
  • a filling material may be a CNT (Carbon Nano Tube), i.e. carbon nanotubes, or fullerenes, e.g. Ceo. which in their most preferable form are coated in order to prevent clustering. It is preferable if the plastic per se being coated and the coating material contain the same nanofiller material. This preferably enables covalent bonds to be achieved between the piece and the coating during the process.
  • CNT Carbon Nano Tube
  • fullerenes e.g. Ceo.
  • An application according to the method is that nanofillers have been added to the plastic, nanofillers have been incorporated into the varnish and that the thickness of a coating made therefrom is more than 5 ⁇ m, most preferably more than 10 ⁇ m, and the thickness tolerance is less than ⁇ 5%, most preferably less than ⁇ 1% and, further, that the method of spreading the varnish or sol-gel coating is a microjetting method.
  • Figure 7 schematicalty shows a method according to the invention and an apparatus to be used therein.
  • a coating material is produced from two components A and B.
  • the coating material may be e.g. a varnish or a sol-gel material.
  • the different components of the coating material are herein kept apart for as long as possibfe prior to coating.
  • the coating material may be e.g. a two-component urethane- or epoxy-based varnish.
  • the coating material, either component A or B or both, may be mixed with nanoparticles. Components A and B are kept apart in their separate containers 100 and 102 and they are not combined until a mixing space 105.
  • the coating material is delivered through a common channel 106 to a jetting head 107 of the microjetting apparatus.
  • the working life of some coating materials is very short, e.g. some minutes only. Therefore, it is preferable if the distance between the mixing space 105 and the jetting head 107 itself is as short as possible.
  • a mixing ratio between components A and B of the coating material may be adjusted by software and e.g. changed even during a run by adjusting the pumping rates of pumps 103 and 104.
  • Thin sol-gel surfaces in particular which typically are 100 to 300 nm thick, require that the nanoparticles mix correctly in to a matrix. In such a case, the nanoparticles have typically been treated such that their clustering has been minimized or even prevented completely.
  • the nanoparticles as well as their anti-clustering agents may be mixed first e.g. with a diluent.
  • the containers 100 and 102 for the different components A and B may be equipped with heat adjustment devices and each may be adjusted to an optimum temperature of its own. The containers 100 and 102 may be cooled.
  • the components may be kept cold, e.g. at a temperature of -25°C, all the way until the jetting head 107 which, in turn, may be heated.
  • a curved surface with a low-viscosity coating material administered in liquid form
  • Thickness variations in the coating of an optical product reduce the quality of the product and cause optical distortion and the like.
  • the thickness of the coating is often a targeted property.
  • a varnish layer implementing a photochromatic function - that is, a varnish layer with photochromatic molecules - should be as thick as possible for the photochromatic function to work in the best possible manner.
  • Figure 8 shows a typical situation in the manufacture of an optical product with a convex surface.
  • the optical product may be the lens of eyeglasses or sunglasses or the like.
  • the substrate 200 is arranged horizontally with the convex surface upward.
  • a coating 201 containing photochromatic molecules, for instance, is arranged on the convex surface of the substrate 200.
  • the thickness of this photochromatic coating 201 is preferably in the range of 10 to 50 ⁇ m and the used varnish is a polyurethane varnish. Before hardening, so thick a coating layer will flow under gravity toward the edge parts of the substrate in the directions shown by arrows V.
  • a border 202 that is thicker than the rest of the coating will form on the edge of the substrate 200.
  • the width of the border 202 may be approximately 5 mm, for instance.
  • the amount of sagging may naturally be diminished by increasing the viscosity of the coating material, but this then causes the problem that the coating does not even out sufficiently, in other words, does not achieve the surface quality required of an optical product.
  • the problem described above naturally also applies to optical products coated with two, three, or more coating layers; for instance, when spreading a hard varnish layer with a typical thickness of 7 to 15 ⁇ m or more on top of the photochromatic varnish layer of 10 to 50 ⁇ m. Both layers may then form a thick border.
  • the sucked coating material is preferably recycled back to coating use by feeding it into a coating material container, for instance. Removing the extra coating material from the border 202 by using negative pressure is naturally not bound to the equipment used in the coating method or to the coating method itself. Thus, it may be applied not only to oscillating microjet printing, but also to conventional microjet printing, spin-coating and dipping methods.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un appareil permettant d'appliquer un revêtement sur des produits. Le procédé consiste à appliquer un revêtement à la surface d'un substrat à revêtir avec une imprimante à microjet. Une tête de travail au jet de l'imprimante à microjet oscille dans une direction transversale à une direction de propagation du substrat.
PCT/FI2008/050406 2007-07-04 2008-07-03 Procédé et appareil d'application de revêtement sur des produits Ceased WO2009004120A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20075510 2007-07-04
FI20075510A FI119922B (fi) 2007-07-04 2007-07-04 Menetelmä ja laitteisto pinnoittaa tuotteita

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009004120A1 true WO2009004120A1 (fr) 2009-01-08

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WO (1) WO2009004120A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10543577B2 (en) 2018-01-23 2020-01-28 Clear and Dark Ltd. Systems, methods, and apparatus for forming optical articles, and optical articles formed by the same
EP4005687A4 (fr) * 2019-07-31 2023-08-16 Kyocera Corporation Dispositif de revêtement et procédé de revêtement
EP4023344A4 (fr) * 2019-08-30 2023-08-23 Kyocera Corporation Dispositif de peinture, film peint, et procédé de peinture

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4379301A (en) * 1981-09-22 1983-04-05 Xerox Corporation Method for ink jet printing
US5460653A (en) * 1990-06-28 1995-10-24 Nec Corporation Spray type flux applying device
US5614254A (en) * 1991-11-01 1997-03-25 Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd. Method of spraying powder on a substrate
US20050255249A1 (en) * 2002-05-29 2005-11-17 Dirk Schlatterbeck Method for applying coatings to surfaces
DE102005024518A1 (de) * 2005-05-27 2006-11-30 CiS Institut für Mikrosensorik gGmbH Verfahren und Anordnung zum Beschichten eines Substrates

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4379301A (en) * 1981-09-22 1983-04-05 Xerox Corporation Method for ink jet printing
US5460653A (en) * 1990-06-28 1995-10-24 Nec Corporation Spray type flux applying device
US5614254A (en) * 1991-11-01 1997-03-25 Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd. Method of spraying powder on a substrate
US20050255249A1 (en) * 2002-05-29 2005-11-17 Dirk Schlatterbeck Method for applying coatings to surfaces
DE102005024518A1 (de) * 2005-05-27 2006-11-30 CiS Institut für Mikrosensorik gGmbH Verfahren und Anordnung zum Beschichten eines Substrates

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10543577B2 (en) 2018-01-23 2020-01-28 Clear and Dark Ltd. Systems, methods, and apparatus for forming optical articles, and optical articles formed by the same
EP4005687A4 (fr) * 2019-07-31 2023-08-16 Kyocera Corporation Dispositif de revêtement et procédé de revêtement
EP4023344A4 (fr) * 2019-08-30 2023-08-23 Kyocera Corporation Dispositif de peinture, film peint, et procédé de peinture
US12350705B2 (en) 2019-08-30 2025-07-08 Kyocera Corporation Coating device, coating film, and coating method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI20075510A0 (fi) 2007-07-04
FI119922B (fi) 2009-05-15
FI20075510L (fi) 2009-01-05

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