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WO2009000150A1 - Utilisation de la sanchinoside dans le traitement de la septicémie - Google Patents

Utilisation de la sanchinoside dans le traitement de la septicémie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009000150A1
WO2009000150A1 PCT/CN2008/001170 CN2008001170W WO2009000150A1 WO 2009000150 A1 WO2009000150 A1 WO 2009000150A1 CN 2008001170 W CN2008001170 W CN 2008001170W WO 2009000150 A1 WO2009000150 A1 WO 2009000150A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
notoginsenoside
lps
use according
panax notoginseng
sepsis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2008/001170
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jingyan Han
Jiying Yang
Kai Sun
Chuanshe Wang
Yuying Liu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tianjin Tasly Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Tianjin Tasly Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Tianjin Tasly Pharmaceutical Co Ltd filed Critical Tianjin Tasly Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Publication of WO2009000150A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009000150A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/25Araliaceae (Ginseng family), e.g. ivy, aralia, schefflera or tetrapanax
    • A61K36/258Panax (ginseng)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7028Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages
    • A61K31/7034Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin
    • A61K31/704Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin attached to a condensed carbocyclic ring system, e.g. sennosides, thiocolchicosides, escin, daunorubicin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04Antibacterial agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to new uses of traditional Chinese medicine products, in particular to the application of Panax notoginseng saponins in the treatment and/or prevention of sepsis. Background technique
  • Panax notoginseng (Burk. ) FH Chen, PN ) is the root of the traditional Chinese medicine Sanqi after air drying.
  • Panax notoginseng saponins also known as: notoginsenosides
  • Panax notoginseng saponins are the main active ingredients of Panax notoginseng, including one or two or more saponins contained in traditional Chinese medicine Panax notoginseng, and the total saponins of Panax notoginseng include the traditional Chinese medicine Panax notoginseng
  • Various saponins which are widely used clinically to treat cardiovascular diseases and liver dysfunction.
  • Panax notoginseng has been listed in the National Pharmacopoeia, and there are corresponding preparation products listed, such as: Xuesaitong for injection.
  • Chinese patent CN200410058111.4 describes a preparation method of Panax notoginseng saponins: extracting water from Sanqi, concentrating the extract, precipitating with ethanol, removing the ethanol in the supernatant, dissolving in water, and using the macroporous resin HPD400 for column After chromatographic treatment, the impurities are removed by water elution, and then eluted with 90% ethanol until the active ingredient is completely eluted, and the alcohol eluate is recovered and dried.
  • the human immune response can be divided into two types: non-specific immune response and specific immune response. The latter can be divided into cellular immunity and humoral immunity. When the body's immune function declines, it can't fully exert its phagocytosis and kill bacteria. Even if the amount of invading bacteria is small and the pathogenicity is not strong, it can cause sepsis.
  • Primary inflammation The primary inflammation caused by various pathogens is related to its distribution in the human body. Primary inflammation is characterized by localized redness, swelling, heat, pain, and dysfunction.
  • Symptoms of Toxemia The onset is more rapid. Frequent chills, high fever, and fever are mostly relaxation heat and/or intermittent heat. They can also be caused by heat retention, irregular heat and bimodal fever. The latter are caused by sepsis of Gram-negative bacilli. Fever is accompanied by varying degrees of symptoms of toxemia such as headache, nausea, vomiting, bloating, abdominal pain, general discomfort, and muscle and joint pain.
  • Rash Seen in some patients, the most common defects are distributed in the trunk, limbs, conjunctiva, oral mucosa, etc., not many.
  • Joint symptoms may have large joint redness, swelling, heat, pain and limited mobility, and even complicated with joint fluid, empyema, more common in Gram-positive cocci, meningococcal, Alcaligenes and other sepsis in.
  • Infectious shock About 1/5 ⁇ 1/3 of patients with sepsis, manifested as irritability, rapid pulse rate, cold limbs, skin spots, decreased urine output and decreased blood pressure, etc. Caused by severe toxemia.
  • LPS lipopolysaccharide
  • ROS reactive oxygen species
  • IL-6 interleukin-6
  • Prime-gamma (INF- ⁇ LPS-induced microcirculatory disorders play a key role in organ dysfunction in sepsis, during which white blood cells rotate along the vascular endothelium and adhere to the vascular endothelium, which produces hydrogen peroxide and Mast cell degranulation is a key step in the literature.
  • the main clinical treatments for sepsis include volume recovery, catecholamine use and antibiotic compensation. These methods can increase the survival rate of patients with sepsis, but clinically lead to elevated blood glucose. And blood pressure and blood calcium decline, and bleeding occurs. Clinical studies suggest that anti-TNF- ⁇ treatment may be helpful in the treatment of sepsis.
  • the present invention provides a novel therapeutic use of notoginsenoside, ⁇ :
  • the present invention provides the use of panax notoginseng in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of sepsis.
  • the notoginsenosides described in the present invention may be panax notoginseng saponins.
  • the panax notoginseng saponins described in the present invention preferably meet the following criteria: loss on drying 5%;
  • the notoginsenoside of the present invention may also be a pharmaceutical composition containing notoginsenoside.
  • the pharmaceutical composition containing notoginsenoside is based on panax notoginsenoside as a pharmaceutically active ingredient, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the weight percentage of notoginsenoside in the composition is 0.1 to 99.9%, and the rest It is a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the sepsis is an acute systemic infection caused by pathogenic bacteria or conditional pathogens invading into the blood circulation to produce toxins and other metabolites.
  • the notoginsenoside can treat and/or alleviate microcirculatory disorders caused by sepsis caused by a systemic inflammatory response caused by excessive release of LPS.
  • the notoginsenoside can reduce the number of white blood cells induced by LPS to adhere to the wall of the small vein.
  • the notoginsenoside inhibits LPS-induced degranulation of mast cells.
  • the notoginsenoside inhibits an increase in LPS-induced blood plasma IL-6 and INF- ⁇ concentrations.
  • the notoginsenoside inhibits an increase in LPS-induced neutrophil CD1 lb expression.
  • the Panax notoginseng saponin according to the present invention may be Panax notoginseng saponins, and the main components thereof are ginsenoside Rb, Rg, notoginsenoside Rl, R2, R3 o
  • the notoginsenosides according to the present invention may be commercially available or may be commercially available. It can be prepared according to the prior art and meets the medicinal standards. For example, it can be the following standard Panax notoginseng supplied by Yunnan Ruibao Natural Pigment Co., Ltd. - Appearance: Light yellow amorphous powder
  • the medicament of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition prepared by using the above-mentioned notoginsenoside as a pharmaceutically active ingredient.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may contain a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier as needed, wherein the notoginsenoside is used as a pharmaceutically active ingredient, and the weight percentage in the preparation may be 0.1 to 99.9%, and the rest is a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is present in unit dosage form, which means a unit of the preparation, such as each tablet, each capsule, each vial of oral solution, granules per bag, each injection, and the like.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be in any pharmaceutically acceptable dosage form, including tablets (for example, sugar-coated tablets, film-coated tablets and enteric coated tablets), capsules (for example, hard capsules, soft capsules), orally.
  • tablets for example, sugar-coated tablets, film-coated tablets and enteric coated tablets
  • capsules for example, hard capsules, soft capsules
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may contain conventional excipients such as a binder, a filler, a diluent, a tablet, a lubricant, a disintegrant, a coloring agent, a flavoring agent, and a moisturizing agent.
  • a binder such as a binder, a filler, a diluent, a tablet, a lubricant, a disintegrant, a coloring agent, a flavoring agent, and a moisturizing agent.
  • Suitable fillers include cellulose, mannitol, lactose and other similar fillers.
  • Suitable disintegrants include starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone and starch derivatives such as sodium starch glycolate.
  • Suitable lubricants include, for example, magnesium stearate.
  • Suitable humectants include sodium decyl sulfate.
  • the solid oral composition can be prepared by a conventional method such as mixing, filling, tableting or the like. Repeated mixing allows the active ingredient to be distributed throughout the composition containing a substantial amount of filler.
  • the oral liquid preparation may be in the form of, for example, an aqueous or oily suspension, solution, emulsion, syrup or elixir, or may be a dry product which may be formulated with water or other suitable carrier before use.
  • Such liquid preparations may contain conventional additives such as suspending agents such as sorbitol, syrup, methylcellulose, gelatin, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, aluminum stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fat; An emulsifier such as lecithin, sorbitan monooleate or gum arabic; a non-aqueous carrier (which may include edible oils), such as almond oil, fractionated coconut oil, An oily ester such as a glyceride, propylene glycol or ethanol; a preservative such as p-hydroxybenzyl or propylparaben or sorbic acid, and if desired, may contain a conventional flavoring or coloring agent.
  • suspending agents such as sorbitol, syrup, methylcellulose, gelatin, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, aluminum stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fat
  • An emulsifier such as lecithin, sorbitan monooleate or gum arabic
  • the liquid unit dosage form prepared contains the active ingredient of the invention and a sterile vehicle.
  • the compound can be suspended or dissolved depending on the carrier and concentration.
  • the solution is usually prepared by dissolving the active ingredient in a carrier, sterilizing it by filtration before filling it into a suitable vial or ampoule, and then sealing. Excipients such as a local anesthetic, preservative and buffer may also be dissolved in such a carrier.
  • the composition can be frozen after filling the vial and the water removed under vacuum.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may optionally be added to a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier when prepared as a medicament, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier being selected from the group consisting of: mannitol, sorbitol, sodium metabisulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite , sodium thiosulfate, cysteine hydrochloride, thioglycolic acid, methionine, vitamin C, disodium EDTA, calcium EDTA, monovalent alkali metal carbonate, acetate, phosphate or its aqueous solution, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid , sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, amino acid, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium lactate, xylitol, maltose, glucose, fructose, dextran, glycine, starch, sucrose, lactose, mannitol, silicon derivatives, cellulose and Derivatives, alginate, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, glycerin
  • the dosage can be determined according to the condition of the patient, and can be taken three times a day, 1 ⁇ 20 doses per time.
  • the "agent" can be such as a bag, a granule, a tablet, etc., each dose.
  • the active ingredient of the drug, notoginsenoside is from 1 to 1000 mg.
  • the therapeutic use of the present invention is demonstrated by the following experiment. The results show that after 30 minutes after LPS injection, post-treatment with Panax notoginseng saponins can significantly reduce the number of white blood cells adhering to the wall of the small vein and reduce the number of degranulated mast cells.
  • LPS is derived from the Escherichia coli O55:B5 plasma type obtained from Sigma (St Louis, MO), and Panax notoginseng is supplied by Tianjin Tianshili Group (Tianjin, China). Both are soluble in the saline solution.
  • SD rats Male sprague-dawley (SD) rats, weighing between 200 and 250 grams, were provided by the Animal Center of Peking University Medical School. SD rats were fasted for 12 hours before the test.
  • the test animals were anesthetized with urethane (1.25 mg/kg body weight, i.m.).
  • control group after 10 minutes of basal observation, the left jugular vein and the left femoral vein were placed, and then saline was injected for 60 minutes.
  • the test animals received the same treatment as the control group, except that the LPS solution (2 mg/kg/hr) was continuously injected through the left femoral vein for 60 minutes without a 10-minute basic observation.
  • LPS solution (2 mg/kg/hr) was continuously injected through the left femoral vein, and continuous injection of Panax notoginseng saponin solution through the left jugular vein was started 20 minutes after the injection of LPS solution. (5mg/kg/hr) until the end of the observation.
  • the abdominal cavity was incision using a median incision (incision 2 to 3 cm long).
  • the ileocecal portion of the mesentery (10 to 15 cm from the tail of the mesentery) was carefully separated, and the mesentery was removed from the abdominal cavity and laid flat on a transparent plastic table.
  • the temperature and humidity of the mesentery are maintained by continuous surface perfusion of TC saline.
  • the microcirculation of the mesentery was observed using an inverted microscope (Leica, DM-IRB, Germany) using a transilluminator.
  • a TV camera (Japan, Toshiba Jk-TU53H) was mounted on the microscope, and the image was transmitted to a color display (Korea, TCL, J2118A), and the transmitted image was recorded by a DVD tape recorder (China, Malata DVR-R25).
  • the time to start injecting LPS is set to TV timer (TV timing) 0 o'clock at VTG-55B, FOR-A, Japan).
  • a single vein with no branching and no obvious curvature was selected for the following test.
  • the diameter of the small vein was between 30 and 50 ⁇ m, and the length was about 200 ⁇ m.
  • Vessel diameters were determined using Image-Pro Plus 5.0 (Media Cybernetic, USA) software for images recorded at 0, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes after LPS injection. The vessel diameter was measured three times at the same position and then averaged.
  • SR venous wall shear rate
  • adherent white blood cells were defined as white blood cells that adhered to the ipsilateral vascular wall for more than 10 seconds. The number of adherent white blood cells was counted by randomly selecting the recorded images, and the number of adhered white blood cells was expressed as the number of adherent cells/200 ⁇ venules.
  • ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 sensitive fluorescent probe dihydronobamine 123 (DHR, molecular probe) was added to the mesenteric surface to observe the oxidative capacity of the venular wall. Fluorescence of a wavelength of 455 mm generated by excitation with a mercury lamp (100 W) was applied to an inverted fluorescence microscope (DM-IRB, Leica, Germany ) Observe fluorescence. Fluorescence images were then recorded at 0, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes after LPS injection using a CD recorder. Image-Pro Plus 5.0 software was used to measure the fluorescence of the intervenous wall of the small vein and the small vein. strength.
  • DHR inverted fluorescence microscope
  • the difference between the fluorescence intensity of the venular wall and the venous interstitial at 0 minutes was taken as the baseline value, and the DHR was obtained by calculating the ratio of the difference between the venous wall and venous interstitial fluorescence intensity at each time point and the baseline value. Fluorescence intensity ratio.
  • FITC-labeled bovine plasma albumin 50 mg/kg was slowly injected through the left jugular vein. After a 10-minute baseline observation, a mercury lamp (100W) was excited to produce a fluorescence of 455 mm to an inverted fluorescence microscope (DM-IRB, Leica, Germany) for fluorescence observation using a CD recorder at 0 minutes after LPS injection. Fluorescence images were recorded at 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, and 60 minutes, and the fluorescence intensity of the venule wall and venules was measured using Image-Pro Plus 5.0 software.
  • the ratio of the fluorescence intensity of the venular wall to the venous interstitial at 0 minutes was taken as the baseline value, and the ratio of the fluorescence intensity of the venule wall to the venous interstitial at each time point was divided by the baseline value to calculate the FITC fluorescence intensity.
  • the ratio of the fluorescence intensity of the venule wall to the venule interstitial at time P 0 0, the baseline value.
  • tissue staining was performed with 0.1% toluidine blue for 1 minute and then bleached with saline.
  • the degranulated mast cells were identified as having cells that release intracellular particles into the surrounding tissue, and the number of cells in the circular field of view of the microscope microscope was counted to determine the number of such cells. There are five mesenteric windows per window for assessing the field of view along the microvasculature. The number of degranulated and non-degranulated mast cells was recorded, and then the proportion of degranulated mast cells was calculated.
  • the control group found only a small amount of adherent white blood cells during the entire 60-minute observation period. After 10 minutes of baseline observation, no adherent leukocytes were observed in the LPS and LPS + notoginsenoside groups.
  • LPS group injection of LPS for 20 minutes and LPS for 60 minutes resulted in the adhesion of a large number of white blood cells to the vessel wall.
  • LPS + Panax notoginseng group the number of white blood cells adhering to the wall of the small vein was significantly increased 20 minutes after the injection of LPS, and then the post-treatment of Panax notoginseng saponins was started, resulting in a significant decrease in the number of adherent white blood cells.
  • the percentage of degranulated mast cells was 23.91 ⁇ 5.21%, which represents the spontaneous degeneration of mast cells in this test. After 60 minutes of LPS injection, the degranulated mast cells increased to 51.20 ⁇ 5.86%. Post-treatment of Panax notoginseng saponins significantly inhibited LPS-induced degranulation of mast cells, which reached 23.96 ⁇ 6.12%.
  • CDl lb and CD 18 in the control group were 27.36 ⁇ 2.33 and 44.31 ⁇ 4.09, respectively.
  • the fluorescence intensity of CDl lb and CD18 increased significantly, with values of 54.98 ⁇ 4.14 and 65.83 ⁇ 4.12, respectively.
  • Post-treatment of Panax notoginseng saponins inhibited the fluorescence intensity of CD1 lb, indicating that Panax notoginseng was used to inhibit LPS-induced increase in CD1 lb concentration in neutrophils, but had no effect on LPS-induced CD18 expression.
  • the concentrations of TNF-a, IL-6 and INF- ⁇ were 17.68 ⁇ 2.64, 22.01 ⁇ 4.60 and 1.91 ⁇ 0.1 ng/L, respectively.
  • all measured cytokines increased rapidly, reaching 252.22 ⁇ 64.10, 647.83 ⁇ 182.80 and 2.63 ⁇ 0.11 ng/L, respectively.
  • Post-treatment of Panax notoginseng significantly inhibited the production of IL-6 and INF- ⁇ , and inhibited the release of TNF- ⁇ to a certain extent, but did not reach a significant level.
  • Panax notoginseng saponin 100g, calcium sulphate 150g, microcrystalline cellulose 50g, micronized silica gel 3g, magnesium stearate 1.5g Take the above raw materials through a 100 mesh sieve; take notoginsenoside, calcium sulfate, microcrystalline cellulose, mix, Use 60% (v/v) ethanol as binder, make soft material; pass 20 mesh sieve, granulate; 60 ⁇ dry, take out, pass 30 mesh sieve, whole grain; add micro-silica gel and magnesium stearate, mix Evenly, tablet, made into 1000 pieces, that is.
  • Panax notoginseng saponin 75g, calcium sulfate 1 12g, microcrystalline cellulose 37g, micronized silica gel 2.3g, magnesium stearate l. lg Take the above raw materials through a 100 mesh sieve; take notoginsenoside, calcium sulfate, microcrystalline cellulose, Mix well, use 60% (v/v) ethanol as the binder, make soft material; pass 20 mesh sieve, granulate; 60. C dry, take out, pass 30 mesh sieve, whole grain; add appropriate amount of micro-silica gel and magnesium stearate, mix, compress, and make 1000 pieces, that is.
  • Panax notoginseng 133g, calcium sulfate 200g, microcrystalline cellulose 66g, micronized silica gel 4g, magnesium stearate 2g take the above raw materials through a 100 mesh sieve; take notoginsenoside, calcium sulfate, microcrystalline cellulose, mix, use 60 % ( v / v ) Ethanol as a binder, soft material; 20 mesh sieve, granulation; 60 ⁇ dry, taken out, passed through 30 mesh sieve, whole grain; add appropriate amount of micro-silica gel and magnesium stearate, mixed Evenly, tablet, made into 1000 pieces, that is.
  • Preparation Example 4 Capsules
  • Typical case Patient Wang xx, male, 45 years old, civil servant, with headache, nausea, vomiting, bloating, abdominal pain, general discomfort, muscle and joint pain, etc., diagnosed with sepsis, injection of Panax notoginseng saponin injection, specification O. lg / support, three times a day, three at a time. After half a month, the symptoms have improved significantly. There were no adverse reactions during the medication.

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Description

三七皂甙治疗败血症的应用
技术领域
本发明涉及中药产品的新用途, 特别涉及三七总皂苷在治疗和 /或 预防败血症中的应用。 背景技术
三七 ( Panax notoginseng ( Burk. ) F. H. Chen, PN ) 是风干后的中 国传统中药三七的根。 三七皂甙(也称为: 三七皂苷) 是三七的主要有 效成份, 包括中药三七中含有的一种或两种以上的皂甙, 而其中的三七 总皂甙包括中药三七中含有的各种皂甙类化合物,它们在临床上广泛用 于治疗心血管疾病和肝功能障碍。 三七皂甙已经列入国家药典, 有相应制剂产品上市, 如: 注射用血 塞通。 中国专利 CN200410058111.4记载了一种三七皂甙的制备方法: 将三七用水提取, 浓缩提取液, 用乙醇沉淀, 除尽上清液中的乙醇, 用 水溶解后,采用大孔树脂 HPD400进行柱色谱处理,水洗脱除去杂质后, 再用 90%乙醇洗脱, 至有效成分洗脱完全为止, 回收醇洗脱液, 干燥 即得。 具体可以采用以下方法获得: 取三七药材粉碎成粗粉, 加 10倍 于药材重量的 70%的乙醇, 回流提取 2次, 每次 25小时, 滤过, 合并 二次提取液, 70°C左右减压回收溶剂, 至比重为 1.10〜1.12的流浸膏。 用水稀释, 进行大孔树脂 HPD400吸附柱吸附, 用水洗脱, 继以 90% 乙醇洗脱, 90%乙醇洗脱部分在 70°C左右减压回收溶剂。 向上述三七 总皂苷溶液中, 加入 MgO2.Al2O3脱色, 过滤, 滤液于 80°C减压真空干 燥, 粉碎, 即得淡黄色三七总皂苷成品。 败血症是致病菌或条件致病菌侵入血液循环中生长繁殖,产生毒素 和其他代谢产物所引起的急性全身性感染,临床上以寒战、高热、皮疹、 关节痛及肝脾肿大为特征, 部分可有感染性休克和迁徙性病灶。 引起败血症的原因有: 一、 人体因素:
1 . 当皮肤粘膜有破损或发生化脓性炎症时, 细菌则容易侵入体内。 2. 人体的免疫反应可分为非特异性免疫反应及特异性免疫反应两 种,后者又可分为细胞免疫与体液免疫两方面。当机体免疫功能下降时, 不能充分发挥其吞噬杀灭细菌的作用, 即使入侵的细菌量较少、致病力 不强也能引起败血症。
3. 条件致病菌所引起的医源性感染也逐渐增多。 二、 细菌因素:
主要与病原菌的毒力和数量有关。毒力强或数量多的致病菌进入机 体, 引起败血症的可能性较大。 败血症的主要症状是:
1 . 原发炎症: 各种病原菌所引起的原发炎症与其在人体的分布部 位有关。 原发炎症的特点是局部的红、 肿、 热、 痛和功能障碍。
2. 毒血症症状: 起病多急骤。 常有寒战、 高热、 发热多为弛张热 及 /或间歇热, 亦可呈稽留热、 不规则热及双峰热, 后者多系革兰氏阴 性杆菌败血症所致。 发热同时伴有不同程度的毒血症症状, 如头痛、 恶 心、 呕吐、 腹胀、 腹痛、 周身不适、 肌肉及关节疼痛等。
3. 皮疹: 见于部分患者, 以瘀点最为多见, 多分布于躯干、 四肢、 眼结膜、 口腔粘膜等处, 为数不多。
4. 关节症状: 可出现大关节红、 肿、 热、 痛和活动受限, 甚至并 发关节腔积液、 积脓, 多见于革兰氏阳性球菌、 脑膜炎球菌、 产碱杆菌 等败血症的病程中。
5. 感染性休克: 约见于 1/5〜1/3败血症患者, 表现为烦燥不安, 脉搏细速, 四肢厥冷, 皮肤花斑, 尿量减少及血压下降等, 且可发生 DIC , 系严重毒血症所致。
6. 肝脾肿大: 一般仅轻度肿大。 根据研究, 脂多糖 (LPS ) 是革兰氏阳性细菌细胞壁的组成成分 之一, 造成了革兰氏阳性细菌导致的人败血症和感染性休克的多种表 现。 败血症时发生的微循环障碍是由 LPS的过度释放造成的系统性炎症 反应,由许多激活因子所介导,这些因子如粘附分子、活性氧成份(ROS ) 以及炎症前体介质如肿瘤坏死因子 -a ( TNF-ct )、 白介素 -6 ( IL-6 ) 以及 干扰素 -γ ( INF-γ LPS诱导的微循环障碍对败血症时发生的器官功能 障碍起着关键作用,在这个过程中白细胞沿着血管内皮旋转并粘附于血 管内皮,血管壁产生过氧化氢以及肥大细胞脱颗粒都是文献报道的关键 步骤。 当前败血症的主要临床治疗方法包括容量复苏、儿茶酚胺的运用和 抗生素补偿治疗。这些方法可以增加败血症病人的存活率, 但是在临床 上会导致血糖升高以及血压和血钙的下降, 并发生出血。 临床研究建议 采用抗 TNF-α 治疗对败血症的治疗有所帮助。 然而, 最近的研究表明 这种方法不能治愈败血症, 且会增加严重败血症病人的死亡率。 因而, 在 LPS 诱导的败血症中寻找防止出现严重微循环障碍的方法仍然是个 挑战。 本发明人在对三七皂甙进行研究的过程中,发现三七皂甙后处理能 够抑制白细胞粘附于血管壁、抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒以及抑制细胞因子的 释放, 改善 LPS诱导的微循环障碍, 对败血症有明显的治疗作用。 发明内容
因此, 本发明提供三七皂甙的新的治疗用途, §卩: 本发明提供三七皂甙在制备治疗和 /或预防败血症的药物中的应 用。 本发明中所述的三七皂甙可以是三七总皂甙。 本发明中所述的三七总皂甙优选符合以下标准: 干燥失重 5%;
灼热残渣 0.5%;
人参皂甙 Rbl 30%;
人参皂甙 Rgl 20%;
总皂甙含量 88%。 另外, 本发明的三七皂甙还可以是含有三七皂甙的药物组合物。 所述的含有三七皂甙的药物组合物,是以三七皂甙作为药物活性成 分, 同时含有药学上可接受的载体, 其中三七皂甙在组合物中所占重量 百分比是 0.1〜99.9%, 其余为药学上可接受的载体。 根据本发明的应用,所述败血症是致病菌或条件致病菌侵入血液循 环中生长繁殖, 产生毒素和其他代谢产物所引起的急性全身性感染。 根据本发明的应用, 其中所述三七皂甙可治疗和 /或缓解由败血症 引发的微循环障碍, 所述的微循环障碍是由 LPS 的过度释放造成的系 统性炎症反应引起的。 根据本发明的应用, 其中所述三七皂甙可减少 LPS 诱导的粘附于 小静脉壁的白细胞数目。 根据本发明的应用, 其中所述三七皂甙可抑制 LPS 诱导的肥大细 胞脱颗粒。 根据本发明的应用,其中所述三七皂甙可抑制 LPS诱导的血桨 IL-6 和 INF-γ浓度的提高。 根据本发明的应用, 其中所述三七皂甙可抑制 LPS 诱导的中性粒 细胞 CDl lb表达的提高。 具体实施方式
本发明所述的三七皂甙可以是三七总皂甙, 主要成份是人参皂甙 Rb、 Rg, 三七皂甙 Rl、 R2、 R3 o 本发明所述的三七皂甙可以从市场上买到,也可以根据现有技术制 备, 符合药用标准即可。例如可以是云南瑞宝天然色素有限公司供应的 以下标准的三七皂甙- 外观: 淡黄色无定型粉末
干燥失重 5%
灼热残渣 0.5%
人参皂甙 Rbl 30%
人参皂甙 Rgl 20%
总皂甙含量 88% 或按国家标准 WS3-B-3590-2001 ( Z ) 制备的三七皂甙。 本发明的药物是用上述三七皂甙作为药物活性成分制备成的药物 组合物。 本发明的药物组合物, 根据需要可以含有药学上可接受的载体, 其 中三七皂甙作为药物活性成分, 其在制剂中所占重量百分比可以是 0.1〜99.9%, 其余为药学上可接受的载体。 本发明的药物组合物, 以单 位剂量形式存在, 所述单位剂量形式是指制剂的单位, 如每片片剂、 每 粒胶囊、 每瓶口服液、 每袋颗粒剂、 每支注射剂等。 本发明的药物组合物可以是任何可药用的剂型, 包括片剂(例如糖 衣片剂、 薄膜衣片剂和肠溶衣片剂)、 胶囊剂 (例如硬胶囊剂、 软胶囊 剂)、 口服液、 口含剂、 颗粒剂、 冲剂、 丸剂、 散剂、 膏剂、 丹剂、 混 悬剂、 粉剂、 溶液剂、 注射剂、 栓剂、 膏剂 (例如软膏剂、 硬膏剂)、 霜剂、 喷雾剂、 滴剂、 贴剂等。 本发明的药物组合物, 其口服给药的制剂可含有常用的赋形剂, 诸 如粘合剂、 填充剂、 稀释剂、 压片剂、 润滑剂、 崩解剂、 着色剂、 调味 剂和湿润剂, 必要时可对片剂进行包衣。 适宜的填充剂包括纤维素、 甘露糖醇、 乳糖和其它类似的填充剂。 适宜的崩解剂包括淀粉、聚乙烯吡咯垸酮和淀粉衍生物, 例如羟基乙酸 淀粉钠。适宜的润滑剂包括例如硬脂酸镁。适宜的湿润剂包括十二垸基 硫酸钠。 可通过混合、 填充、 压片等常规方法制备固体口服组合物。 进行反 复混合可使活性成分分布在整个含有大量填充剂的组合物中。 口服液体制剂的形式例如可以是水性或油性悬浮剂、溶液剂、乳剂、 糖浆剂或酏剂,或者可以是一种在使用前可用水或其它适宜的载体复配 的干燥产品。 这种液体制剂可含有常规的添加剂, 诸如悬浮剂, 例如山 梨醇、 糖浆、 甲基纤维素、 明胶、 羟乙基纤维素、 羧甲基纤维素、 硬脂 酸铝凝胶或氢化食用脂肪; 乳化剂, 例如卵磷脂、 脱水山梨醇一油酸酯 或阿拉伯胶; 非水性载体 (可包括食用油), 例如杏仁油、 分馏椰子油、 诸如甘油酯的油性酯、 丙二醇或乙醇; 防腐剂, 例如对羟基苯甲酯或对 羟基苯甲酸丙酯或山梨酸, 并且如果需要, 可含有常规的香味剂或着色 剂。 对于注射剂,制备的液体单位剂型含有本发明的活性成分和无菌载 体。 根据载体和浓度, 可以将该化合物悬浮或者溶解。 溶液的制备通常 是通过将活性成分溶解在一种载体中,在将其装入一种适宜的小瓶或安 瓿之前过滤消毒, 然后密封。 也可将辅料例如一种局部麻醉剂、 防腐剂 和缓冲剂溶解在这种载体中。为提高其稳定性, 可在装入小瓶以后将这 种组合物冰冻, 并在真空下将水除去。 本发明的药物组合物,在制备成药剂时可选择性的加入适宜的药学 上可接受的载体, 所述药学上可接受的载体选自: 甘露醇、 山梨醇、 焦 亚硫酸钠、 亚硫酸氢钠、 硫代硫酸钠、 盐酸半胱氨酸、 巯基乙酸、 蛋氨 酸、 维生素 C、 EDTA二钠、 EDTA钙钠, 一价碱金属的碳酸盐、 醋酸 盐、 磷酸盐或其水溶液、 盐酸、 醋酸、 硫酸、 磷酸、 氨基酸、 氯化钠、 氯化钾、 乳酸钠、 木糖醇、 麦芽糖、 葡萄糖、 果糖、 右旋糖苷、 甘氨酸、 淀粉、 蔗糖、 乳糖、 甘露糖醇、 硅衍生物、 纤维素及其衍生物、 藻酸盐、 明胶、 聚乙烯吡咯垸酮、 甘油、 吐温 80、 琼脂、 碳酸钙、 碳酸氢钙、 表面活性剂、 聚乙二醇、 环糊精、 β-环糊精、 磷脂类材料、 高岭土、 滑 石粉、 硬脂酸钙、 硬脂酸镁等。 在使用本发明的制剂时, 根据病人的情况确定用法用量, 可每日服 三次, 每次 1〜20剂, 根据剂型不同, 所述 "剂"可以是如袋、 粒、 片 等, 每剂中含有的药物活性成分三七皂甙为 l〜1000mg。 本发明所述的治疗用途通过以下实验进行证明, 实验结果显示在注 射 LPS之后 20分钟, 运用三七皂甙后处理能够显著减少粘附于小静脉壁 的白细胞数目, 减少脱颗粒的肥大细胞的数目, 抑制 LPS诱导的中性粒 细胞 CD l lb表达的提高, 以及抑制 LPS诱导的血浆 IL-6和 INF-γ浓度的提 高, 这些结果显示运用三七皂甙后处理能够抑制 LPS诱导的白细胞粘 附, 能够改善在本试验条件之下 LPS诱导的微循环障碍。 该结果提示在 败血症或感染性休克发生之后, 使用本发明的药物治疗将会有效。 1. 实验目的
在 LPS 诱导的微循环障碍形成之后, 运用三七皂甙考察其对败血 症的作用。
2. 材料和方法
2.1 LPS和三七皂甙溶液的制备
LPS来源于从 Sigma ( St Louis, MO) 获得的大肠埃希氏菌属 O55:B5 血浆型, 三七皂甙由天津天士力集团 (中国, 天津) 提供。 两者都溶于 盐水溶液。
2.2 动物制备
雄性 sprague-dawley ( SD ) 大鼠, 体重在 200〜250克之间, 由北京 大学医学部动物中心提供。 SD大鼠试验前禁食不禁水 12小时。 采用乌 拉坦对试验动物进行麻醉 (1.25mg/kg体重, i.m. ) 。 试验动物被分为对 照组 (n=6 ) 、 LPS组 (n=6 ) 和 LPS+三七皂甙组 (n=6 ) 。 对于对照组, 在进行 10分钟的基础观察之后, 施行左颈静脉和左股静脉置管, 然后注 射盐水 60分钟。 对于 LPS组, 试验动物接受与对照组同样的处理, 只是 不经过 10分钟的基础观察, 通过左股静脉的置管持续注射 LPS溶液 ( 2mg/kg/hr) 60分钟。 对于 LPS+三七皂甙组, 经过 10分钟的基础观察 之后, 通过左股静脉持续注射 LPS溶液 (2mg/kg/hr) , 在注射 LPS溶液 之后 20分钟, 开始通过左颈静脉持续注射三七皂甙溶液 (5mg/kg/hr) 直到观察结束。
2.3 肠系膜微循环的活体观察
对于每只动物, 采用正中切口切开试验腹腔 (切口长 2〜3cm )。 小 心分离肠系膜的回盲部 (距肠系膜尾部 10〜15cm 的区域), 然后把肠 系膜从腹腔内取出并平铺于透明塑料台之上。 通过持续表面灌流 TC 生理盐水来保持肠系膜的温度和湿度。 采用使用透照器的倒置显微镜 (德国, Leica, DM-IRB ) 观察肠系膜的微循环。 在显微镜上安装电视 照相机(日本, 东芝 Jk-TU53H ), 图像被传输到一个彩色显示器(韩国, TCL, J2118A ) , 通过 DVD录影带记录仪 (中国, Malata DVR-R25 ) 记录传输的影像。 开始注射 LPS 的时间设定为电视定时器 (电视定时 器 VTG-55B , FOR- A, 日本) 的 0时点。
2.4 图像分析
选择单支无分枝且无明显弯曲的小静脉进行以下的试验测定,小静 脉的直径在 30〜50μηι之间, 长度 200μηι左右。
2.4.1 小静脉直径的测定
对 LPS注射后 0分钟、 20分钟、 30分钟、 40分钟、 50分钟和 60分钟记 录的图像, 使用 Image-Pro Plus 5.0 ( Media Cybernetic, USA ) 软件分别 进行血管直径的测定。 在同一位置测定血管直径三次然后取其平均值。
2.4.2红细胞流速的测定
把监视器的 CCD转换为高速电视照相系统(FASTCAM-ultima APX, photron, 日本) 以 2000帧 /秒的速度记录小静脉内红细胞的流速, 之后 以 25帧 /秒的速度重新播放储存的高速影像。 采用 Image-Pro Plus 5.0 软件 (Media Cybernetic, USA ) 测量 LPS注射后 0分钟、 20分钟、 30 分钟、 40分钟、 50分钟和 60分钟时小静脉内红细胞的流速。
2.4.3剪切率测定
小静脉血管壁剪切率 (SR) 的估算基于公式 SR=2.12x8x[V/D]进行, 这里 D代表血管平均直径, V为红细胞的平均流速, 2.12为经验修正 因子的中值。
2.4.4粘附白细胞的测定
为了观察粘附于血管壁的白细胞,通过重播记录到的图像来回顾白 细胞的动力学行为。在本研究中, 把粘附白细胞定义为粘附于同侧血管 壁的时间超过 10秒的白细胞。 通过随机选择记录图像计数一定的小静 脉片断 (直径 30~50μηι, 长度为 200μΓη ) 内粘附的白细胞数目, 粘附 的白细胞数目表示为粘附细胞数目 /200μηι小静脉。
2.4.5小静脉壁 DHR强度的测定
局部添加 Η2Ο2敏感的荧光探针二氢诺丹明 123 ( DHR, 分子探针) 到肠系膜表面来观察小静脉壁的氧化能力。 使用汞灯 (100W ) 照射激 发产生的波长为 455mm的荧光至倒置荧光显微镜 (DM-IRB , Leica, Germany ) 观察荧光。 然后使用 CD记录器在 LPS注射后的 0分钟、 20分 钟、 30分钟、 40分钟、 50分钟和 60分钟记录荧光影像,采用 Image-Pro Plus 5.0软件测定小静脉壁和小静脉外间质的荧光强度。将 0分钟时的小静脉 壁和小静脉间质的荧光强度的差值作为基线值,通过计算各个时间点的 小静脉壁和小静脉间质荧光强度的差值与基线值的比值来获得 DHR荧 光强度比率。
2.4.6从肠系膜小静脉渗漏的白蛋白的测定
在另一个大鼠试验组, 通过左颈静脉缓慢注射 FITC标记的牛血浆 白蛋白 (50mg/kg ) 。 经过 10分钟的基线观察之后, 汞灯 (100W ) 激发 产生的波长为 455mm的荧光至倒置荧光显微镜 ( DM-IRB, Leica , Germany ) 来进行荧光观察, 使用 CD记录器在 LPS注射之后 0分钟、 20 分钟、 30分钟、 40分钟、 50分钟和 60分钟记录荧光影像, 采用 Image-Pro Plus 5.0软件测定小静脉壁和小静脉外间质的荧光强度。把 0分钟时的小 静脉壁和小静脉间质的荧光强度的比值作为基线值,通过每一个时间点 的小静脉壁和小静脉间质的荧光强度的比值除以基线值来计算 FITC荧 光强度比值, 计算公式为 Rt=Pt/Pc, 此处:
Rt : t时刻的 FITC荧光强度比值;
Pt: t时刻的小静脉壁和小静脉间质的荧光强度的比值;
P0 : 0时刻的小静脉壁和小静脉间质的荧光强度的比值, 即基线值。
2.4. 7肥大细胞脱颗粒的测定
注射 LPS之后 60分钟, 用 0.1 %的甲苯胺蓝进行组织染色 1分钟, 然后用盐水漂白。脱颗粒的肥大细胞被鉴定为存在将细胞内颗粒释放至 周围组织的细胞,计数 20χ物镜显微镜圆形视野内的细胞数目来确定这 类细胞的个数。 每个肠系膜窗可以有 5 个用于评估沿微血管系统的视 野。记录脱颗粒和非脱颗粒的肥大细胞数目, 然后计算脱颗粒肥大细胞 的比例。
2.4.8 CDllb/CD18表达的测定
观察完肠系膜微循环后, 从每只试验动物的腹主动脉采集血液后用 肝素抗凝(20单位 /ml血液),然后和 l g FITC标记的抗 CD l l b及抗 CD 18 抗体 (BD Biosciences Pharmingen, 美国) 在室温下共培养 20分钟。 用 溶血素 ( BD Biosciences Immunocytometer Systems, 美国) 溶解细胞后 PBS洗涤两次。 使用流式细胞仪 (FACS Calibur, B.D. Co, 美国) 测定 平均荧光强度。 采用 FSC-SSC散点图选择中性粒细胞。 每份样品需要 5,000个中性粒细胞, 然后计算每组的平均荧光强度。
2.4.9血浆细胞因子浓度的测定
观察完肠系膜微循环之后, 经过腹主动脉途径采集试验动物的血液 标本进行肝素抗凝 (20单位 /ml血液)。 然后离心分离血浆。 在室温下, 50μ1血浆和标准物质与 50μ1捕获珠 ( capture beads)共培养 1小时, 然 后与 50μ1 ΡΕ标记的 TNF-a和 IL-6检测抗体混合,在室温之下共培养 2 小时形成三明治复合物。 共培养之后, 每管加入 1ml洗脱缓冲液 (BD Biosciences Pharmingen , 美国), 运用流式细胞仪 (FACS Calibur , B.D.Co, 美国) 检测平均荧光强度。 采用 BD Cytometric Bead Array分 析软件进行数据分析。
2.5 统计分析
所有数值以平均值 ±S.E ( N=6)表示。 采用方差分析和 -检验计算 统计显著性。 设定?值<0.05具有显著意义。
3. 结果
3.1 粘附于小静脉壁白细胞的数目
对照组在整个 60分钟的观察期内只发现了少量粘附的白细胞。 经过 10分钟的基线观察, 在 LPS和 LPS+三七皂甙组都没有观察到粘附白细 胞。 在 LPS组, 注射 LPS 20分钟和 LPS 60分钟导致了大量白细胞对血管 壁的粘附。在 LPS+三七皂甙组, 注射 LPS之后 20分钟导致粘附于小静脉 壁的白细胞数目显著增加, 然后开始三七皂甙后处理, 使粘附白细胞数 目显著降低。 对照组 60分钟的观察期内只发现了少量粘附的白细胞。相反, LPS 组粘附于小静脉壁的白细胞数目呈进行性增加并与时间呈线性关系, LPS 注射后 20 分钟为 5.0±0.8 个细胞 /200μπι , 而在 60 分钟时高达 12.7±1.4个细胞 /200μηι。 三七皂甙后处理 30分钟显著抑制 LPS诱导的 8 001170 白细胞对血管壁的粘附。
3.2 肥大细胞脱颗粒
对照组中, 脱颗粒的肥大细胞的百分比为 23.91±5.21%, 代表本试验 中自发发生肥大细胞脱颗粒。注射 LPS 60分钟之后, 脱颗粒的肥大细胞 增加到 51.20±5.86%。 三七皂甙后处理显著抑制 LPS诱导的肥大细胞脱 颗粒, 其值达到了 23.96±6.12%。
3.3 中性粒细胞粘附分子 CDl lb和 CD18的表达
对照组 CDl lb和 CD 18的值分别是 27.36±2.33和 44.31±4.09。 LPS剌激 之后, CDl lb和 CD18的荧光强度明显提高, 其值分别达到 54.98±4.14 和 65.83±4.12。 三七皂甙后处理抑制了 CDl lb的荧光强度, 说明三七皂 甙用于抑制 LPS诱导的中性粒细胞 CDl lb浓度的提高, 但是对于 LPS诱 导的 CD18表达没有影响。
3.4 血浆细胞因子浓度
对照组中, TNF-a, IL-6 和 INF-γ 的浓度分别是 17.68±2.64 , 22.01±4.60和 1.91±0.1ng/L。 LPS刺激之后, 所有测定的细胞因子都迅 速升高, 分别达到 252.22±64.10, 647.83±182.80和 2.63±0.11ng/L。 三 七皂甙后处理显著抑制 IL-6 和 INF-γ 的产生, 并在一定程度上抑制 TNF-α的释放, 但没有达到显著水平。 本实验的结果显示在注射 LPS之后 20分钟, 运用三七皂甙后处理能 够显著减少粘附于小静脉壁的白细胞数目,减少脱颗粒的肥大细胞的数 目, 抑制 LPS诱导的中性粒细胞 CD l lb表达的提高, 以及抑制 LPS诱导 的血浆 IL-6和 INF-γ浓度的提高, 这些结果显示运用三七皂甙后处理能 够抑制 LPS诱导的白细胞粘附, 能够改善在本试验条件之下 LPS诱导的 微循环障碍。该结果提示在败血症或感染性休克发生之后, 使用本发明 的药物治疗将会有效。 总之, 本发明的实验显示三七皂甙后处理能够通过抑制白细胞粘附 于血管壁、 抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒和细胞因子的释放改善 LPS 诱导的微 循环障碍。 这些结果为 LPS 诱导的败血症的临床治疗提供了一个新的 可供选择的方法。 实施例
以下通过实施例进一步说明本发明, 但不作为对本发明的限制。 制备实施例 1 片剂
三七皂甙 100g、 硫酸钙 150g、 微晶纤维素 50g、 微粉硅胶 3g、 硬 脂酸镁 1.5g 取上述原料分别过 100目筛; 取三七皂甙、 硫酸钙、 微晶纤维素, 混匀, 用 60 % ( v/v ) 乙醇适量作为粘合剂, 制软材; 过 20目筛, 制粒; 60Ό干燥, 取出, 过 30目筛, 整粒; 加入微粉硅胶及硬脂酸镁, 混匀, 压片, 制成 1000片, 即得。 制备实施例 2 片剂
三七皂甙 75g、 硫酸钙 1 12g、 微晶纤维素 37g、 微粉硅胶 2.3g、 硬 脂酸镁 l . l g 取上述原料分别过 100目筛; 取三七皂甙、 硫酸钙、 微晶纤维素, 混匀, 用 60 % ( v/v ) 乙醇适量作为粘合剂, 制软材; 过 20目筛, 制粒; 60。C干燥, 取出, 过 30 目筛, 整粒; 加入适量微粉硅胶及硬脂酸镁, 混匀, 压片, 制成 1000片, 即得。 制备实施例 3 片剂
三七皂甙 133g、 硫酸钙 200g、 微晶纤维素 66g、 微粉硅胶 4g、 硬 脂酸镁 2g 取上述原料分别过 100目筛; 取三七皂甙、 硫酸钙、 微晶纤维素, 混匀, 用 60 % ( v/v ) 乙醇适量作为粘合剂, 制软材; 过 20目筛, 制粒; 60Ό干燥, 取出, 过 30 目筛, 整粒; 加入适量微粉硅胶及硬脂酸镁, 混匀, 压片, 制成 1000片, 即得。 制备实施例 4 胶囊
取三七皂甙 50g, 加入适量淀粉、 硬脂酸镁等辅料, 制粒, 整粒, 装入 1号胶囊, 即得。 制备实施例 5 口服液
取三七皂甙 5g, 加入适量蔗糖、 防腐剂, 加水到 1000ml , 分装成 10ml/支, 即得口服液。 制备实施例 6 颗粒剂
取三七皂甙 50g, 加入适量糊精、 甜菊素, 干式制粒, 整粒, 分装, 即得。 制备实施例 7 注射剂
取三七皂甙 50g, 加水溶解, 另将氯化钠、 对羟基苯甲酸乙酯通过 加热溶解于水, 混匀, 调 pH值。 注射用水稀释至 1000ml, 用中空纤维 膜滤过, 灌装, 灭菌, 即得。 应用实施例 1 败血症的治疗
典型病例: 患者王 x x, 男性, 45 岁, 公务员, 有头痛、 恶心、 呕 吐、 腹胀、 腹痛、 周身不适、 肌肉及关节疼痛等, 经诊断为败血症 开始注射三七皂甙注射液, 规格 O. lg/支, 每日三次, 每次 3支。 半月后自觉症状有明显好转。 用药期间无任何不良反应。

Claims

权利要求书
1 . 三七皂甙在制备治疗和 /或预防败血症的药物中的应用。
2. 权利要求 1所述的应用, 其中所述三七皂甙是三七总皂甙。
3. 如权利要求 2所述的应用, 其中所述三七总皂甙符合以下 标准:
干燥失重 5%;
灼热残渣 0.5%;
人参皂甙 Rbl 30%;
人参皂甙 Rgl 20%;
总皂甙含量 88%。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的应用, 其中所述三七皂甙是含有三七 皂甙的药物组合物。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的应用, 其中所述药物组合物以三七皂 甙作为药物活性成分, 同时含有药学上可接受的载体, 其中三七皂 甙在组合物中所占重量百分比是 0.1〜99.9%, 其余为药学上可接 受的载体。
6. 如权利要求 1-5任意一项所述的应用, 其中所述败血症是 致病菌或条件致病菌侵入血液循环中生长繁殖,产生毒素和其他代 谢产物所引起的急性全身性感染。
7. 如权利要求 1-5任意一项所述的应用, 其中所述三七皂甙 可治疗和 /或缓解由败血症引发的微循环障碍, 所述的微循环障碍 是由 LPS的过度释放造成的系统性炎症反应引起的。
8. 如权利要求 6或 7所述的应用, 其中所述的三七皂甙可减 少 LPS诱导的粘附于小静脉壁的白细胞数目。
9. 如权利要求 6或 7所述的应用, 其中所述的三七皂甙可抑 制 LPS诱导的肥大细胞脱颗粒。
10. 如权利要求 6或 7所述的应用, 其中所述的三七皂甙可抑 制 LPS诱导的血浆 IL-6和 INF-γ浓度的提高。
11 . 如权利要求 6或 7所述的应用, 其中所述的三七皂甙可抑 制 LPS诱导的中性粒细胞 CDl lb表达的提高。
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