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WO2009098339A1 - Procédé et système d'obtention de lait frais à propriétés différenciées, se fondant sur la séparation pendant la traite - Google Patents

Procédé et système d'obtention de lait frais à propriétés différenciées, se fondant sur la séparation pendant la traite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009098339A1
WO2009098339A1 PCT/ES2009/000066 ES2009000066W WO2009098339A1 WO 2009098339 A1 WO2009098339 A1 WO 2009098339A1 ES 2009000066 W ES2009000066 W ES 2009000066W WO 2009098339 A1 WO2009098339 A1 WO 2009098339A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
milk
obtaining
value
differentiated
setpoints
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/ES2009/000066
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Miguel Ángel PEREZ GARCIA
Rocío MUÑIZ VEGA
Carlos Enrique Carleos Artime
Jesús Ángel BARO DE LA FUENTE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universidad de Valladolid
Universidad de Oviedo
Original Assignee
Universidad de Valladolid
Universidad de Oviedo
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad de Valladolid, Universidad de Oviedo filed Critical Universidad de Valladolid
Publication of WO2009098339A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009098339A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01J—MANUFACTURE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
    • A01J5/00—Milking machines or devices
    • A01J5/007—Monitoring milking processes; Control or regulation of milking machines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01J—MANUFACTURE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
    • A01J5/00—Milking machines or devices
    • A01J5/013—On-site detection of mastitis in milk
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01J—MANUFACTURE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
    • A01J5/00—Milking machines or devices
    • A01J5/013—On-site detection of mastitis in milk
    • A01J5/0131—On-site detection of mastitis in milk by analysing the milk composition, e.g. concentration or detection of specific substances
    • A01J5/0132—On-site detection of mastitis in milk by analysing the milk composition, e.g. concentration or detection of specific substances using a cell counter

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for classifying fresh milk in several tanks based on certain characteristics of interest obtained in real time during the milking process or based on predefined criteria; and to the electronic and automatic system that implements it, and that acts on the milk pipes in any milking machine.
  • the milk obtained is diverted depending on each animal or each quarter, on each day of the lactation period, on each milking and / or at each moment of milking to one of the conservation tanks according to the established slogans, being able to obtain different types of milk, with different and predefined parameters and that can be used for different purposes.
  • Obtaining milk with differentiated characteristics is a permanent economic objective of the dairy sector since the cost of the product is associated with characteristics such as fat, protein, lactose, somatic cell count (RCS) or other factors, such as presence of undesirable colors, which can make the product less attractive to the consumer, an important factor in a product dedicated to human food.
  • characteristics such as fat, protein, lactose, somatic cell count (RCS) or other factors, such as presence of undesirable colors, which can make the product less attractive to the consumer, an important factor in a product dedicated to human food.
  • the first negative effect is the increase in the associated cost caused by the corresponding increase in the final price of the product or the reduction in the profit margin for the members of the production chain.
  • the mechanical separation which is the most common case within the milk production chain, in order to lower the fat content, produces a drag effect of other nutrients such as protein, reducing the economic value and Nutritive of the final product.
  • the variation in the parameters can occur depending on the animal itself, its age, the day of lactation, the instant within the milking or, even, seasonal variations that affect the color of the milk, due to changes in the herd feeding. If there is variation in the parameters and the number of animals is sufficient, it will be possible to obtain the separation based on certain objectives for each housing.
  • the RCS Somatic Cell Count
  • the RCS has a high variation depending on the animal as it corresponds to a part of the symptoms of mastitis in any of its forms as indicated in the publication (YH Schukken, KE Deslié, AJ Weersink, and SW Martin "Ontario BuIk MiIk Somatic CeIl Count Reduction Program. 2. Dynamics of BuIk MiIk Somatic CeIl Counts", Journal of Dairy Science. 75 (12): 3359), being able to obtain values as disparate in the same installation as 10,000 cells per milliliter or several million cells per milliliter.
  • the invention relates to a method and the system that implements it and which allows the milk to be diverted to a specific tank based on the measurements that are made in real time during the milking of each animal, depending on the day of lactation, number of lactation, age and characteristics of the animal, depending on at the time of the year and based on the references established for the installation as a whole.
  • milk of certain characteristics can be accumulated in each tank and, consequently, achieve, according to the control strategies that are applied, the range of available values and the number of animals, enriched, differentiated or controlled milk.
  • the classification of milk according to some of the parameters mentioned above allows to obtain, at a first level of sophistication, rich or enriched milk in some of the specific characteristics.
  • Fig. 1 the evolution of the fat content can be observed as a function of the milking time with the corresponding confidence intervals of the
  • Fig. 3 shows the evolution of the protein content in milk as a function of the day of lactation.
  • a fairly pronounced relationship can be observed up to 300 days of lactation with a variation of up to 25% in the levels of interest which allows the protein content to be modeled with respect to the DEL parameter (Days in Milk) almost linearly; 300 days is usually the most common limit for the vast majority of animals in production. According to these data, it is possible to separate the milk according to the protein content depending on the day of lactation.
  • the value of RCS has unpredictable variations depending on the days in milk (DEL), age, number of lactations although, for a given level it presents some variations within the milking as can be seen in Fig.
  • milk can also be differentiated based on the RCS, measuring this parameter in real time using some type of device (such as the one shown in patent ES2190753) that allows a system to decide where to send the milk based on this critical value.
  • the method of obtaining differentiated milk aims to achieve a certain value or set of values at one or several storage points and comprises: a) The determination of the values of the parameters of interest in the milk that are going to be object of differentiation, which can be done by direct measurement of its value by means of the corresponding sensors, or by estimating it from any other method. b) Comparison of the values of these parameters with the set of setpoints. c) Action on milk diversion systems to specific pipes based on the previous values. d) Driving the milk to independent tanks.
  • the fat content in the milk is measured and the milk bypass systems are operated on specific lines depending on the fat value obtained and a reference value for the installation. In an even more preferred embodiment, the reference is to obtain semi-skimmed milk.
  • reference is made to obtaining skim milk, that is, milk with a fat content of less than 1 gr / 100 ml. In another even more preferred embodiment, the reference is to obtain liquid cream, that is, milk with a fat content greater than 10 g / 10 ml.
  • the protein content in the milk is obtained and the milk diverting systems are operated at different conduits depending on the protein value obtained and a reference value for the installation.
  • the lactose content in the milk is obtained and the milk bypass systems are operated on different lines depending on the lactose value obtained and a reference value for the installation.
  • the somatic cell count in the milk is obtained and the milk diversion systems are operated on different conduits depending on their value and a reference value for the installation.
  • milk that exceeds a certain somatic cell count value is discarded.
  • the presence of inhibitors in milk is detected and it is determined whether it is above or below any value set in advance for the installation, and the milk bypass systems are actuated for disposal in the event that the reference value is exceeded.
  • the parameters of interest in milk are obtained in the independent storage tanks.
  • the system that implements this method at each point where the differentiation of milk is to be carried out comprises a series of blocks that perform the above functions: - A sensor or a block of sensors located in the milk line that is intended to differentiate and which They correspond to some or all of the parameters that are the object of differentiation and / or a system for estimating parameters for those that are not going to be measured in line with the conduction of milk using sensors. This estimate is made using information from the animal and previous data about its production.
  • the system makes the diversion decisions based on the various values involved that may comprise all or any of the following data: values of the sensors in line, values of the sensors in the tanks (if they had them), slogans, reference values of the variables that measure the sensors and the data of the installation and of the animals.
  • the final set has as many systems as the one just described, such as points where you want to differentiate milk and can also include other auxiliary systems such as those that allow direct actions by a user on the diversion of the milk or systems capable of measuring or estimating the values of the parameters involved in the differentiation process directly at the storage points.
  • these values make it possible to specify the decision-making process by knowing the values that are being obtained at each moment and at each differentiated milk storage point.
  • the separation of milk at the time of milking prevents or reduces further processing.
  • two effects are achieved: on the one hand, the cost associated with these treatments is reduced and, on the other hand, the reduction of the performance on milk prevents the loss of useful life and of both nutritional and organoleptic properties.
  • FIG. 1 graph showing the evolution of fat content as a function of milking time with the corresponding confidence intervals. In abscissa the fraction of milking is shown and, in ordinates, the fat content for that particular moment.
  • FIG. 2 graph showing the variation of fat according to the day of lactation. In abscissa the days in milk (DEL) are shown while, in ordinates, the fat content is indicated.
  • FIG. 3 graph showing the evolution of protein content in milk according to the day of lactation. In abscissa the days in milk (DEL) are shown while, in ordinates, the protein content is indicated.
  • FIG. 4 graph showing the variation of the RCS value as a function of the milking fraction. In abscissa the fraction of milking is shown and, in ordinates, the content of RCS for that specific moment.
  • FIG. 5 scheme showing the system that is incorporated in each milking stand.
  • FIG. 6 scheme that shows a discriminator or local controller in charge of deciding what to do with the milk that is being produced at any moment.
  • FIG. 7 scheme showing the general conception of the fresh milk separation system with differentiated characteristics.
  • the present invention can be carried out in many ways and there are various particularizations thereof that are focused on solving certain specific problems in a livestock facility. For a better understanding of the possibilities of use and application of the present invention, some examples are described below that should always be understood without any restrictive or limiting nature of the scope of the invention itself.
  • Fig. 5 shows the system that is incorporated in each milking station and is capable of diverting the milk to a certain tank (8) using drives to bypass systems (1) that can be implemented by control valves and that connect the milking point (2) with the corresponding pipes (3).
  • the decision to divert the milk at each moment from the milking of each animal is made based on a set of setpoints (4) received by the local controller (5), either the milking control system (6) or the user.
  • This decision It is based on some characteristics of the milk from the milking point (2) by means of in-line sensors (7) that transmit their information to the local controller (5) and in the data from the animal, provided by the milking control (6 ).
  • Fig. 6 its application is shown to a typical milking system in the room in which each milking stand has a system based on several teat cups (12) and a collector (13) that collects the milk extracted by each one of them .
  • the local controller (5) who is in charge of deciding what to do with the milk that is being produced at any moment, reads the information from the sensors online (7), receives the set of setpoints (4) from the milking control (6) and acts accordingly, opening and closing the corresponding diversion systems (1) to divert the milk to the pipes (3) that take them to the storage and conservation tanks (8).
  • the first of the possible embodiments for the generic system of Fig. 7 consists of the milk separation system based on the fat content, the value of which is still variable in each animal and in each moment of its life (lactation day and lactation number) presents a characteristic evolution during milking, presenting low levels in the beginning and gradually increasing as it passes.
  • the best option is to locate an online grease sensor based on the measurement of optical parameters as indicated in the publication (R. Tsenkova, S. Atanassova, K. Itoh, Y. Ozaki, K.
  • Toyoda Near infrared spectroscopy for biomonitoring : Cow milk composition measurement in a spectral region from 1,100 to 2,400 nanometers ", 2000, Journal of Animal Science 75: 515-522) to derive milk according to the total fat content at each time of milking.
  • the fresh milk separation system with differentiated characteristics shown in Fig. 7, consists of a total of T tanks (8) to obtain T different types of milk whose objective characteristics are defined by a series of references (9) for installation; each of the tanks (8) receives milk through independent conduits (3) that connect each of the P milk extraction points.
  • Each of these points can be a classic milking stand equipped with a collector with 4 or 2 lids or an independent liner like those used in milking robots.
  • IT diversion systems (1) that allow the milk to be poured into each of the T conduits (3) by means of logical signals (10) of appropriate voltage and current values to command the diversion systems (one).
  • Each of the milk extraction points has S sensors in line (7) to measure S variables of interest and inform each local controller (5) of the values of each parameter of interest.
  • each of the tanks (8) has S or more sensors (11) to measure the same variables that are measured in line at each point plus other variables that it is not interesting to measure in line at milking time but that yes it may be important to know for the total of each tank (8). This is the case of the protein content that, although it does not show significant variation during each milking and, therefore, does not need to be measured in these conditions, its measurement in each tank (8) is important since it is of economic interest .
  • the case of the protein is that of all those factors that do not show appreciable or more or less regulated variations during milking, but that do show changes depending on the animal, on the day of lactation, on the number of lactation, on the age of each animal or seasonality.
  • the sensors (11) in each tank (8) inform the milking control (6) that it also receives the information of the animal that is being milked at each point by means of some of the standardized identification systems with coded magnetic collapses, generally by means of a EAN code. This information allows access to the data of the animal with information on the day of lactation, lactation number and age as well as additional factors such as its production history, diseases, presence of inhibitors, milk control data or any other factor that can be used as criteria from separation. Based on all these factors, the milking control (6) will supply a set of setpoints (4) to each local controller (5) that will finally decide the IT values of the logic signals (10) to act on the diverting systems (one).

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dairy Products (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un système d'obtention de lait frais à propriétés différenciées, se fondant sur la séparation pendant la traite. Le procédé consiste en un ensemble d'opérations comprenant la mesure de paramètres déterminés du lait à l'intérieur du conduit dans lequel on souhaite effectuer la différenciation, la comparaison avec les valeurs cibles ou consignes que l'on souhaite atteindre, et l'actionnement pour dévier le lait acheminé vers d'autres conduits menant à des points de stockage différents. Le système consiste en un ensemble de blocs permettant la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé et comprenant des capteurs de mesure disposés en ligne et/ou dans les réservoirs et communiquant les valeurs des paramètres faisant l'objet d'une différenciation, des blocs d'estimation d'autres paramètres, un bloc de calcul fournissant les instructions d'actionnement ainsi qu'un ensemble d'actionneurs permettant de dévier le lait vers d'autres conduits. Cette invention trouve une application dans les installations de production laitière.
PCT/ES2009/000066 2008-02-07 2009-02-06 Procédé et système d'obtention de lait frais à propriétés différenciées, se fondant sur la séparation pendant la traite Ceased WO2009098339A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP200800452 2008-02-07
ES200800452A ES2324589B1 (es) 2008-02-07 2008-02-07 Metodo y sistema de obtencion de leche fresca de caracteristicas diferenciadas basado en la separacion durante el ordeño.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009098339A1 true WO2009098339A1 (fr) 2009-08-13

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PCT/ES2009/000066 Ceased WO2009098339A1 (fr) 2008-02-07 2009-02-06 Procédé et système d'obtention de lait frais à propriétés différenciées, se fondant sur la séparation pendant la traite

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ES (1) ES2324589B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009098339A1 (fr)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3841756A (en) * 1971-05-10 1974-10-15 Runyan C Apparatus for milk production analysis
ES2066426T3 (es) * 1990-03-08 1995-03-01 Lang Apparatebau Gmbh Procedimiento para el control de la calidad en la produccion de leche de animales.
WO2000064242A1 (fr) * 1999-04-27 2000-11-02 Coöperatie Rundveeverbetering Delta U.A. Tete de mesure pour dispositif servant a analyser des produits
US6307362B1 (en) * 1998-02-17 2001-10-23 Agricultural Instruments Canada Ltd. Somatic cell analyser
EP1000535B1 (fr) * 1998-11-12 2003-07-02 Maasland N.V. Procédé permettant d'établir la qualité et/ou la composition du lait
WO2005020674A1 (fr) * 2003-08-29 2005-03-10 David Eric Akerman Echantillonnage et analyse de lait
EP1621073A2 (fr) * 2001-07-25 2006-02-01 Lely Enterprises AG Méthode et dispositif pour la traite automatique d'un animal laitier
US20070289536A1 (en) * 2006-06-09 2007-12-20 Dairy Controls International, Inc. In-line apparatus and real-time method to determine milk characteristics

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3841756A (en) * 1971-05-10 1974-10-15 Runyan C Apparatus for milk production analysis
ES2066426T3 (es) * 1990-03-08 1995-03-01 Lang Apparatebau Gmbh Procedimiento para el control de la calidad en la produccion de leche de animales.
US6307362B1 (en) * 1998-02-17 2001-10-23 Agricultural Instruments Canada Ltd. Somatic cell analyser
EP1000535B1 (fr) * 1998-11-12 2003-07-02 Maasland N.V. Procédé permettant d'établir la qualité et/ou la composition du lait
WO2000064242A1 (fr) * 1999-04-27 2000-11-02 Coöperatie Rundveeverbetering Delta U.A. Tete de mesure pour dispositif servant a analyser des produits
EP1621073A2 (fr) * 2001-07-25 2006-02-01 Lely Enterprises AG Méthode et dispositif pour la traite automatique d'un animal laitier
WO2005020674A1 (fr) * 2003-08-29 2005-03-10 David Eric Akerman Echantillonnage et analyse de lait
US20070289536A1 (en) * 2006-06-09 2007-12-20 Dairy Controls International, Inc. In-line apparatus and real-time method to determine milk characteristics

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2324589B1 (es) 2010-05-31
ES2324589A1 (es) 2009-08-10

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