WO2009091289A1 - Method for heat-mass-energy exchange and a device for carrying out said method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to acoustic methods for heat-mass-energy exchange of liquid, gas and gas-liquid mixtures, suspensions and dispersions. The inventive method is carried out by means of a heat-mass-energy exchange device and involves generating two or more product vortex flows (1, 2) with the aid of concentrically arranged vortex tubes (13, 15) using a deformation-shear interaction taking place in the area (3) of intersection of lateral surface layers. The outer vortex tube (13) is longer than the inner vortex tube (15). A first displacer (16) constituting a vortex-forming annular cavity (19) is disposed along the axis of the inner vortex tube (15), and a height-adjustable displacer (20), which forms together with the inner vortex tube (15) an adjustable circular clearance (22), is mounted on a part projected from said inner vortex tube (15), wherein an acoustic chamber (23) is located at exit from the outer vortex tube (13) and discharge-pressure chambers (10, 11) are provided with control valves (8, 9) arranged at the entry thereof.

Description

 The method of heat and mass energy exchange and a device for its implementation The invention relates to acoustic (for example, ultrasonic) methods of heat and mass energy exchange of liquid, gas, gas-liquid mixtures, suspensions and dispersions in mechanical-physical-chemical conversion processes, in addition, in this way they act on water to heat it as coolant. Known methods of heat and mass energy during the acoustic excitation of the flow of products through the transmission of liquid vibrational energy using a source of mechanical vibrations interacting with the liquid. This method is used in hydrodynamic ultrasonic emitters with plate and rod resonant oscillating devices, in vortex and rotary-pulsating devices. Another method of heat and mass energy exchange during acoustic excitation can be the interaction of jet streams with each other by transferring the kinetic energy of one stream to another. This method is used in jet-vortex devices (injectors, vortex tubes) in which potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, followed by heat and mass-energy exchange of interacting media. As a result of such an interaction, a resonance and cavitation effect arise, as a result of which bonds between molecules and atoms are broken, and upon recovery, energy is released in the form of heat. Heat generators work on this basis.

A known method of resonant excitation of a liquid and a device for heating the liquid (patent RU 2232630, 7B01 J 19/10, published July 20, 04), which is based on the processing of a liquid by a source of mechanical vibrations at a frequency from a number of fundamental frequencies, calculates people of a certain empirical dependence. The method of heating the liquid is based on the acoustic treatment of the liquid and includes feeding it into the cavity of the rotating impeller and discharging from the cavity through a series of outlet openings in the peripheral annular wall of the impeller into the annular chamber, and then into the collection chamber subject to certain ratios between the rotational speed impeller, peripheral wall radius and resonant frequency. The disadvantages of this method include the complexity of the technical implementation, the selectivity of the excitation, the multifactorial dependence of the resonant excitation on the geometric, frequency parameters and the limited possibility of using this method for other heat and mass transfer processes.

The closest in technical essence is the method of heat and mass energy exchange and a device for its implementation (patent RU 2268772, 7B01J19 / 10, 7B01F1 1/02, published January 27, 2006), in which the excitation is carried out using interconnected vortex tubes, by partial contact counter-directed surface-outer layers of two or more vortex flows to a depth that ensures their acoustic excitation due to deformation interaction occurring in the zone of intersection of the vortex tubes. A device for implementing this method is made in the form of two or more vortex tubes communicated with each other by partially intersecting them along generatrixes.

However, this method and device have several disadvantages. First, counter-directed surface-outer layers of two or more vortex flows to the depth of the deformation-shear interaction create oppositely directed centrifugal forces that deform the vortex formation, as a result of which decrease the interaction time of the vortices and the effective band of the spectrum of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of acoustic excitation. This leads to the fact that at the end of the vortex tubes at the outlet of the flows, the excitation intensity drops sharply. Secondly, the regulation of acoustic excitation at constant diameters of the vortex tubes and the cross sections of the tangential nozzles is possible only by changing the pressure-flow values of the flow at the inlet to the pressure chamber, and this leads to sharp changes in the hydrodynamic excitation regimes, i.e., a decrease in the range of regulation of the intensity of - arousal and a drop in productivity. Thirdly, the contact or friction of the outer surfaces of the vortex flows occurs only in the zone of intersection of the vortex tubes, which is determined by the geometric dimensions. Such a scheme of interaction of vortex flows forms point sources of acoustic excitation, which leads to a decrease in the power and duration of acoustic vortex interaction.

The technical result to which the present invention is directed is to increase the power and duration of acoustic excitation, as well as to control the amplitude-frequency characteristics of acoustic excitation.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that with the help of vortex tubes two or more separate concentric are formed equally or oppositely directed along the rotation of the vortex-ring product flows and move them along the common axial in one direction. In this case, the external vortex ring product stream is moved to a greater length than the internal vortex ring product stream. Then the internal vortex-ring product flow, using an axial displacer and an annular gap between the by the displacer and the end face of the inner vortex tube, they are in contact with the external vortex ring product stream. The combined product stream is excited by setting, with the help of adjustable valves, different linear velocities of the vortex ring product flows in the vortex tubes and the excited product stream is brought to use.

To implement the present method, there is provided a heat and mass energy exchange device comprising flow-pressure chambers connected with vortex tubes by tangential grooves, while the vortex tubes are mounted concentrically one into the other with the creation of separate vortex-forming cavities. The outer vortex tube is made longer than the inner vortex tube. A first axial displacer is installed along the axis of the inner vortex tube, which is longer than the inner vortex tube and creates a vortex-forming annular cavity, and a second axial displacer height-adjustable on the protruding part of the vortex tube is installed. The second axial displacer forms an adjustable annular gap for the product to flow from the inner vortex tube into the vortex ring excitation cavity. An acoustic chamber is located at the outlet of the external vortex tube, which ends with an outlet pipe. Pressure chambers at the inlet are equipped with control valves.

Vortex tubes can be made cylindrical, conical or cylindrical in various combinations. The proposed technical solution allows you to:

- increase the power and duration of the acoustic interaction of the vortex flows by increasing the excitation zone around the circumference; - to control cavitation-acoustic excitation due to the difference in linear velocities of the external and internal vortex-ring flows and changes in the annular gap for the product to flow out of the internal vortex-forming annular cavity. The proposed technical solution allows two versions:

- with counter-directed vortex-ring flows, i.e., mutually opposite directions of rotation;

- with equally directed vortex flows, i.e., rotating in the same direction.

In the case of counter-directed rotation of the vortex-ring flows, intense shear deformations of the product occur due to the fact that the surface-active layer of the inner vortex-ring flow along the entire circumference rubs against the inner surface of the external vortex-ring flow, while the centrifugal forces are directed in one direction, which helps to increase the duration of excitation.

In the case of unidirectional rotation of the vortex-ring flows, due to the difference in linear velocities, a softer and longer deformation of the friction surfaces of the vortex-ring flows occurs, which significantly increases the excitation time and makes it possible to smoothly control stable acoustic excitation.

The features of the present invention are illustrated by drawings (FIG. 1 - FIG. 3).

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the interaction of counter-directed vortex-ring flows in the zone of their contact;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the interaction of equally directed vortices; ring flows in the zone of their contact (excitation); Fig.Z - design of the device.

In the drawings of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 conventionally shown rotating vortex-ring flows: 1 - external flow, 2 - internal flow and 3 - boundary zone of contact of flows. The boundary contact zone of the flows 3 (external flow 1 and the internal flow 2) is a circle along which the external energy-active surface of the internal flow 2 and the internal energy-active surface of the external flow 1 interact. As a result of shear deformations, acoustic excitation occurs in the boundary contact zone of the flows 3 product. The circuit of FIG. 1, with counter-directed rotations of the vortex-ring flows, it is preferable for the destruction, homogenization, dispersion of products. By adjusting the linear velocity of the vortex-ring flows, one can change the amplitude-frequency characteristics and the intensity of excitation.

In the case of using the circuit of FIG. 2 it is obvious that when the linear velocities of the vortex flows are equal, the vortex tube regime is realized, and when the difference is different, excitation is formed, and, in the case of the multiplicity of these velocities to an integer, resonance at low frequencies occurs. This mode of excitation is effective in structuring and activating products during physical and chemical transformations.

A device for implementing this method of heat and mass energy exchange is conventionally depicted in Fig.Z. It consists of external 4 and internal 5 caps with the first 6 and second 7 highways included in them, which have first 8 and second 9 control valves. External 4 and internal 5 caps form separate first 10 and the second 11 pressure chamber. The first flow-pressure chamber 10 is separately communicated by the first tangential grooves 12 with the cavity of the outer vortex tube 13. The second flow-pressure chamber 1 1 is separately communicated by the second tangential grooves 14 with the inner vortex tube 15, which is concentrically coaxially mounted inside the outer vortex tube 13. Inside the inner vortex tube 15 has a first axial displacer 16 mounted on the cover 17. The outer vortex tube 13 and the first axial displacer 16 are longer than the inner vortex tube 15. The outer vortex tube 13, inner the vortex vortex tube 15 and the first axial displacer 16 form the first 18 and second 19 vortex rings. On the end of the first axial displacer 16 protruding from the inner vortex tube 15, a second axial displacer 20 is installed, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the first axial displacer 16, due to which a vortex-ring excitation zone 21 is formed. An annular ring is formed between the output end of the inner vortex tube 15 and the second axial displacer 20 a gap 22 for the product to flow from the inner vortex tube 15 into the excitation zone 21. At the exit of the outer vortex tube 13 there is an acoustic chamber 23, which ends with an outlet pat com 24.

The operation of the device is as follows. The product along the first 6 and second 7 input lines through the first 8 and second 9 control valves enters under pressure in the first 10 and second 1 1 flow-pressure chambers and through the first 12 and second 14 tangential grooves enters the first 18 and second 19 vortex ring cavities where vortex-ring flows are created, rotating in different or identical directions and moving along the axis in one direction. At the exit of the inner vortex tube 15 through the annular gap 22 vortex-ring flows are connected into a single stream according to the scheme of FIG. 1 or 2, depending on the requirements of the process. By adjusting the flow-pressure parameters of the flows by the first 8 and second 9 control valves, they create a difference in the linear velocities of the vortex flows in the first 18 and second 19 vortex-forming annular cavities, thereby changing the hydrodynamic mode of contact of the vortex-ring flows and, therefore, the amplitude-frequency characteristics of acoustic excitation. The excited flows moving in the vortex-ring excitation zone 21 enter the acoustic chamber 23 and are output through the outlet pipe 24 for use.

The nodes and parts of the described device can be manufactured on conventional equipment, which confirms the industrial applicability of the invention. Thus, the use of heat and mass energy exchange method and device for its implementation allows to increase the power and duration of the acoustic interaction of the vortex flows and to control cavitation-acoustic excitation of the product in a limited space.

Claims

Claim 1. The method of heat and mass energy exchange by contacting the side surface layers of two or more vortex product flows (l2) to a depth that provides excitation due to the deformation-shear interaction occurring in the zone of their intersection (3), characterized in that by means of vortex tubes ( 13 and 15) form two or more separate concentric equally or oppositely directed along the rotation of the vortex-ring product flows (1 and 2), move them along the common axial in one direction, while the external vortex-ring pro the outlet stream (1) is moved to a greater length than the inner vortex-ring product stream (2), then the inner vortex-ring product stream (2), using an axial displacer (16) and an annular gap (22) between it and the end of the inner vortex tube (15) ) are in contact with the external vortex ring product stream (1), the combined product stream is excited by setting different linear velocities of the vortex ring product flows (1 and 2) in the vortex tubes (13 and 15) using adjustable valves (8 and 9) and output excited foods the use of flow. 2. A heat and mass energy exchange device containing flow-pressure chambers (10 and 1 1) in communication with vortex tubes (13 and 15) by tangential grooves (12 and 14), characterized in that two or more vortex tubes (13 and 15) are installed concentrically one to the other with the formation of separate vortex-forming annular cavities (18 and 19), the outer vortex tube (13) being made longer than the inner vortex tube (15), while the first displacer (16) is installed along the axis of the inner vortex tube (15), creating a vortex-forming annular cavity (19), and I protrude th from the internal of the vortex tube (15), a second displacer (20) height-adjustable is installed, forming an adjustable annular gap (22) with an internal vortex tube (15), while an acoustic chamber (23) is located at the output of the external vortex tube (13), and - pressure chambers (10 and 1 1) at the inlet are equipped with control valves (8 and 9). 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the vortex tubes (13 and 15) can be made cylindrical, conical, cylindrical in various combinations.