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WO2009089823A1 - Accumulateur d'énergie et réseau de bord présentant un tel accumulateur d'énergie - Google Patents

Accumulateur d'énergie et réseau de bord présentant un tel accumulateur d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009089823A1
WO2009089823A1 PCT/DE2009/000034 DE2009000034W WO2009089823A1 WO 2009089823 A1 WO2009089823 A1 WO 2009089823A1 DE 2009000034 W DE2009000034 W DE 2009000034W WO 2009089823 A1 WO2009089823 A1 WO 2009089823A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lithium
energy store
energy
energy storage
positive electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2009/000034
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Birke
Michael Keller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Temic Automotive Electric Motors GmbH
Original Assignee
Temic Automotive Electric Motors GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Temic Automotive Electric Motors GmbH filed Critical Temic Automotive Electric Motors GmbH
Priority to DE112009000620T priority Critical patent/DE112009000620A5/de
Publication of WO2009089823A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009089823A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0413—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an energy store, in particular a lithium-ion energy store, comprising a plurality of interconnected individual cells, each having a negative electrode and a positive electrode and an ionically conducting electrolyte.
  • the invention relates to a vehicle electrical system with such energy storage.
  • Energy storage are often used as backup battery and / or electrical system battery in a vehicle, especially in a hybrid vehicle, which usually consists of a combination of different types of drives, eg. B. internal combustion engine and electric motor or fuel cell and energy storage, exist.
  • the energy storage device may be provided for starting an internal combustion engine and / or for supplying electrical consumers in the vehicle. Also, the energy of the energy store for
  • Internal combustion engine can be operated in a load-optimized speed range and the electric motor provides the necessary torque especially at low speeds.
  • the electric motor is designed in particular as a starter / generator and / or electric drive.
  • a starter / generator of the electric motor usually replaces the existing starter and the alternator.
  • an additional torque that is to say an acceleration torque, can contribute to the propulsion of the vehicle by the electric motor.
  • the electric motor allows recuperation of braking energy and on-board power supply.
  • the energy storage is recharged while driving. The energy required for this purpose comes from the conversion of the chemical energy of the fuel via the internal combustion engine and the generator or via the fuel cell.
  • the energy storage can through
  • Recover energy recovery during braking by creating the ability to convert the braking energy into electrical energy (also called “regenerative braking”) and not as loss of heat to the environment.
  • NiMH nickel metal hydride
  • lithium-ion batteries lithium-ion batteries or even double-layer capacitors.
  • NiMH nickel metal hydride
  • Batteries a variety of single cells, eg. B. 100 individual cells, which are usually connected in series with each other.
  • DE 10 2004 053 479 A1 discloses a high-performance lithium-polymer battery which consists of a plurality of interconnected individual cells which have titanates as the negative electrode material and iron phosphates as the positive electrode material.
  • a problem compared to conventional NiMH batteries with a certain overcharge tolerance is that lithium-ion energy accumulators can be damaged in the event of overloading, in particular catching fire or exploding.
  • electrostatic energy storage such as so-called double-layer capacitors, which can store much less energy than lithium-ion batteries, due to fast relaxation times
  • electrochemical energy storage such as the lithium-ion battery
  • the quiescent voltages of the individual cells of the electrochemical energy store are achieved with good accuracy, wherein the states of charge are matched by a suitable electronic circuit to each other.
  • the cell is detected with the lowest voltage in the battery string, while the remaining cells as long as power, which is converted via a resistor in thermal power, is removed until all cells are adjusted to the state of charge of the aforementioned cell.
  • Such an electronic circuit is very expensive.
  • the symmetrization leads to the loss of stored energy, decrease in the state of charge, load of the circuit by heat and a considerable
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying an energy store, which can be operated largely maintenance-free, in particular symmetri fürsok and safe from overcharging.
  • a maintenance-free electrical system should be specified.
  • the object is achieved with respect to the energy storage by the features specified in claim 1.
  • the object is achieved by the features specified in claim 11.
  • the energy storage device according to the invention in particular a
  • Lithium-ion energy storage comprises a plurality of interconnected individual cells, each having a negative electrode and a positive electrode and an ionically conductive electrolyte, wherein the negative electrode is formed from such an active material that its potential to lithium has greater than 1 V, and the positive electrode is formed of such an active material that has a potential to lithium of less than 4.5V.
  • the positive electrode is designed so that it at full
  • Lithium extraction has a stable sublattice.
  • the structure of the positive electrode is unchanged with complete lithium extraction.
  • the positive electrode can become high-ohmic with complete lithium extraction.
  • a resulting easily detectable impedance signal serves, in particular, to monitor the charging process of the energy store.
  • charging of the energy store is largely carried out by means of the impedance signal, by monitoring the respective individual cell associated impedance signal and upon reaching or exceeding a predetermined maximum limit, which represents a fully charged single cell, this is then bypassed, for example, circuitry, so that the following Single cells analogue until complete charging of all single cells of the
  • Energy storage can be charged. As a result, overcharging of individual cells and a complex balancing of the energy storage are safely avoided. In addition, such an effective and safe charging without heat loss and power losses, both the lifetime and a required maintenance cycle of the energy storage is significantly extended.
  • the positive electrode is formed at least from a nanoscale, electrochemical active material, in particular from a two-phase active material.
  • the positive electrode for example, at least from a metal oxide, in particular from lithium intercalated
  • the negative electrode is preferably formed at least from a nanoscale, electrochemical active material, in particular from a two-phase active material.
  • the negative electrode can be formed, for example, at least from a metal oxide, in particular from lithium-intercalated titanates Li 4 Ti 5 Oi 2 .
  • the positive and negative electrodes are preferably made particularly thin, in particular with a thickness in the mm or ⁇ m range. As a result, the heat losses are significantly reduced. In addition, the use of two-phase materials as active materials for the electrodes achieves a largely uniform charge and discharge kinetics in the stoichiometric range.
  • the electrolyte is a high boiling electrolyte.
  • a high-boiling electrolyte is understood in particular to mean such an electrolyte which, by means of an additional solvent, has a higher boiling point than conventional electrolytes.
  • the electrolyte may be composed of a polymer or polymer mixture, in particular polyisobutene, polybutadiene or fluoroelastamers, such as terpolymers, mixed with conductive salt solution of a conductive salt, in particular boron-containing conductive salt, such as lithium tetrafluoroborate,
  • the electrolyte can be formed in largely liquid form only from a high-boiling solvent, such as the above-mentioned carbonates or other materials, dissolved conductive salt of one of said materials.
  • the energy store can be composed as follows: active material about 15% by weight to 30% by weight, Electrolyte 10 wt .-% to 30 wt .-% and remaining components, such as discharge electrodes, separator, 40 wt .-% to 75 wt .-%.
  • the individual cells are connected in series with each other.
  • single cells connected in series with one another can form an energy store in combination with individual cells connected in parallel.
  • the energy storage is used in an electrical system of a vehicle, in particular a hybrid vehicle.
  • the energy store according to the invention with the individual cells described above is suitable as a redundant energy source in a vehicle electrical system and / or as an energy source for supplying consumers, in particular transient loads or temporary high-current consumers in the electrical system.
  • the energy storage can serve as Rekuperations Jeff for example, implementation of braking energy into electrical energy.
  • Such an electrochemically constructed energy store also has a good low-temperature property.
  • the energy storage has a high intrinsic safety against overcharging, fire and explosion.
  • a balancing of the individual cells is not required, so that the life of the energy storage is significantly extended.
  • the energy storage in the electrical system is used as a primary lithium battery or as a secondary lithium battery separately or in combination with an electric machine and / or an electrical system battery in a vehicle with or without an internal combustion engine.
  • the single figure shows a galvanic single cell 1 of an energy storage device 2, in particular a lithium-ion energy storage device.
  • the energy storage 2 to achieve a corresponding voltage from several serially or parallel interconnected single cells 1 formed.
  • the individual cell 1 has a negative electrode 1.1 and a positive electrode 1.2 and an electrolyte 1.3 connecting these between them ionically conductive.
  • the advantage of such a lithium-ion energy storage 2 is the high energy density, which is made possible by a corresponding number of particular serially interconnected single cells 1, a high cell voltage.
  • the electrodes 1.1, 1.2 made of a corresponding material. Corresponding electrode materials are provided for the longest possible service life and large maintenance cycles and operation that is as symmetrical as possible, wherein the negative electrode 1.1 is formed from such an active material that its potential with respect to lithium is greater than 1 V.
  • the positive electrode 1.2 is made of such
  • Active material formed that their potential to lithium is less than 4.5V.
  • transition metal oxides such as lithium-intercalated iron phosphates LiFePO 4 or manganese oxides LiMn 2 O 4 are used. It can be added to increase the conductivity, for example, Leit- or lampblack.
  • such a material composition is chosen so that with complete lithium extraction, the sublattice of the positive electrode 1.2 is still stable and thus there is no significant change in the lattice structure.
  • the negative electrode 1.1 nanoscale, electrochemical active materials, in particular two-phase active materials are also used.
  • the negative electrode 1.1 is formed of at least one metal oxide, in particular of lithium-intercalated titanates Li 4 Ti 5 Oi 2 .
  • other materials may be used which in particular have such an open structure or layer structure that the lithium ions Li + can easily intercalate.
  • the active materials of the electrodes 1.1, 1.2 with at least one binder, for. B. be added polyvinylidene fluoride.
  • the negative electrode 1.1 is composed as follows:
  • Metal electrodes are applied to the electrodes 1.1, 1.2 as lead electrodes 3, 4.
  • Electrolyte includes this in a conventional manner, a microporous membrane formed from a polymer or a polymer mixture, which is arranged between the electrodes 1.1, 1.2 as a separator.
  • a conducting salt especially boron-containing conductive salt, such as lithium tetrafluoroborate or Lithiumbisoxalatoborat
  • a high-boiling solvent of cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, in particular diethylene carbonate or ethyl methyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, fluorine-ethylene carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and / or Gammbutyrolacton.
  • the electrolyte 1.3 according to the invention is composed of materials having a higher boiling point. As a result, conventional electrochemical side reactions and resulting heat losses are avoided, so that the entire charging power is converted into charge of the single cell 1.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un accumulateur d'énergie (2), en particulier un accumulateur d'énergie aux ions lithium, comprenant une pluralité de cellules individuelles (1) connectées entre elles, qui présentent chacune une électrode négative (1.1) et une électrode positive (1.2), et un électrolyte (1.3) ioniquement conducteur connectant lesdites électrodes, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode négative (1.1) est formée en un matériau actif, tel que son potentiel vis-à-vis du lithium est supérieur à 1 V, et en ce que l'électrode positive (1.2) est formée en un matériau actif, tel que son potentiel vis-à-vis du lithium est inférieur à 4,5 V.
PCT/DE2009/000034 2008-01-14 2009-01-14 Accumulateur d'énergie et réseau de bord présentant un tel accumulateur d'énergie Ceased WO2009089823A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112009000620T DE112009000620A5 (de) 2008-01-14 2009-01-14 Energiespeicher und Bordnetz mit einem solchen Energiespeicher

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008004236A DE102008004236A1 (de) 2008-01-14 2008-01-14 Energiespeicher und Bordnetz mit einem solchen Energiespeicher
DE102008004236.6 2008-01-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009089823A1 true WO2009089823A1 (fr) 2009-07-23

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WO (1) WO2009089823A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120109503A1 (en) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-03 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Li-ION BATTERY FOR VEHICLES WITH ENGINE START-STOP OPERATIONS
CN103972594A (zh) * 2013-01-30 2014-08-06 比亚迪股份有限公司 一种车载动力电池模块

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009029268A1 (de) * 2009-09-08 2011-03-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Lithium-Akkumulatorsystem insbesondere für den Einsatz in einem Standard 14V-Bordnetz
EP2945211B1 (fr) * 2014-05-15 2018-11-21 Saft Groupe S.A. Oxyde de titanate de lithium comme électrode négative dans des cellules lithium-ion

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US20020102205A1 (en) * 2001-01-29 2002-08-01 Amatucci Glenn G. Nanostructure lithium titanate electrode for high cycle rate rechargeable electrochemical cell
JP2005158719A (ja) * 2003-10-30 2005-06-16 Yuasa Corp リチウムイオン二次電池
DE102004053479A1 (de) * 2004-11-05 2006-05-11 Dilo Trading Ag Hochleistungsbatterien mit Titanaten als negativem und Eisenphosphat als positivem Elektrodenmaterial und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Hochleistungsbatterien
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US20070292760A1 (en) * 2006-06-20 2007-12-20 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Lithium-ion storage battery comprising TiO2-B as negative electrode active material

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US20020102205A1 (en) * 2001-01-29 2002-08-01 Amatucci Glenn G. Nanostructure lithium titanate electrode for high cycle rate rechargeable electrochemical cell
JP2005158719A (ja) * 2003-10-30 2005-06-16 Yuasa Corp リチウムイオン二次電池
DE102004053479A1 (de) * 2004-11-05 2006-05-11 Dilo Trading Ag Hochleistungsbatterien mit Titanaten als negativem und Eisenphosphat als positivem Elektrodenmaterial und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Hochleistungsbatterien
WO2007048142A2 (fr) * 2005-10-21 2007-04-26 Altairnano, Inc. Batteries a ions lithium
US20070292760A1 (en) * 2006-06-20 2007-12-20 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Lithium-ion storage battery comprising TiO2-B as negative electrode active material

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120109503A1 (en) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-03 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Li-ION BATTERY FOR VEHICLES WITH ENGINE START-STOP OPERATIONS
CN103972594A (zh) * 2013-01-30 2014-08-06 比亚迪股份有限公司 一种车载动力电池模块

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE112009000620A5 (de) 2010-12-16
DE102008004236A1 (de) 2009-07-16

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