WO2009087829A1 - Method of producing fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

It is intended to provide a method of producing a fertilizer by processing waste matters wherein the processing time can be reduced and the inhibitory effects of sodium and aluminum contained in the fertilizer on the growth of plants can be prevented, in the case of using waste matters containing sodium and aluminum as the starting material for producing the fertilizer. Namely, a method of producing a fertilizer which comprises: the first step of recovering an aqueous ammonia solution (12) from putrid matters (10) containing ammonia; the second step of burning the residue (14) remaining after recovering the aqueous ammonia solution (12) in the first step to give a burned ash (16); the third step of mixing the aqueous ammonia solution (12) with the burned ash (16) to give a mixture (18) and then adding a mineral component (20) to the mixture (18) to give another mixture (22); and the fourth step of adding conc. sulfuric acid (24) and wollastonite (26) to the mixture (22) to give a solidified product (28).

Description

Fertilizer manufacturing method

The present invention relates to a fertilizer manufacturing method capable of shortening the processing time when processing waste to manufacture fertilizer and effectively using waste.

In livestock farmers, livestock manure is discharged daily as waste. How to handle this livestock manure is a big problem for livestock farmers. For example, by composting livestock manure, livestock farmers can achieve both livestock manure treatment and effective use.
To date, many techniques for composting livestock manure have been proposed. As an example of such a technique, there is a compost fermentation treatment apparatus described below (see Patent Document 1).

This compost fermentation treatment apparatus includes a fermenter, a turn-back device, a pulverizer, a malodor absorption device, and a sewage treatment device. The fermenter is a tank into which compost material is charged. The turn-back device is supported by a stand that moves along the longitudinal direction of the fermenter, and moves endlessly while moving from the fertilizer discharge port side of the fermenter toward the compost raw material input port side. The compost raw material is moved upward by means and dropped. The pulverizer is attached to the compost raw material dropping position of the turn-back device, and the falling compost raw material is scattered while being crushed.

The malodor absorbing device is disposed between the inside of the hood that covers a part or all of the top of the fermenter and the floor surface within a predetermined range on the compost outlet side of the fermenter. Is provided with a ventilation pipe that is absorbed through a large number of exhaust holes in the longitudinal direction from below. The sewage treatment apparatus is formed at a predetermined interval in a sewage supply pipe disposed in a predetermined range on the floor surface of the fertilizer compost outlet through a pumping means from a sewage tank such as livestock. It has a pouring hole, and the sewage sent from the sewage supply pipe is poured into the compost of the fermenter with advanced fermentation from the lower floor.

By this compost fermentation treatment apparatus, aerobic fermentation of livestock manure is promoted, and compost is produced without generating malodor.
Japanese Patent No. 3978293

[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to compost livestock manure, it is necessary to ferment livestock manure. Fermentation of livestock manure takes about a month or more. That is, it is necessary to store and manage livestock manure during fermentation for a period of one month or longer until the livestock manure becomes compost. If a large amount of livestock manure is to be composted, a large amount of livestock manure must be stored. In order to store a large amount of livestock manure during fermentation, a large and large facility is required.

Similar problems exist in the compost fermentation treatment apparatus. That is, when composting a large amount of livestock manure with the compost fermentation treatment apparatus, it is necessary to store and manage a large amount of livestock manure during processing, and at least the size of the fermenter must be increased.
In addition to livestock manure, various wastes containing protein are composted through a fermentation process. Even in such fermentation of waste, a considerable period of time is required. Therefore, even when such a waste is to be composted in a large amount, a vast facility that is enlarged according to the amount of treatment is required.

Moreover, when composting the waste through the fermentation process, sodium (Na) or aluminum (Al) may be mixed in the waste. When such waste is composted through the fermentation process, sodium and aluminum will be contained in the fertilizer to be produced. When such a fertilizer is applied to a field or the like, sodium and aluminum impair the growth of crops in the field. That is, sodium causes so-called salt damage. Aluminum also causes soil acidification.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and the object of the present invention is to reduce the processing time when processing waste to produce fertilizer, and waste containing sodium or aluminum Even in the case of processing fertilizer, it is possible to prevent sodium and aluminum contained in this fertilizer from becoming an obstacle to the growth of plants, and to make effective use of waste Is to provide a method.

[Means for solving problems]
The present invention adopts the following configuration in order to solve the problem. The fertilizer manufacturing method according to the first aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a fertilizer comprising a waste gas containing at least one of ammonia, urea, and uric acid, an ammonia gas, a liquid in which ammonia is dissolved, or an ammonium salt. A first step of taking any one of them as an extract, a second step of burning the residue remaining after taking out the extract in the first step to produce incinerated ash, and the extract The incinerated ash is mixed to form a mixture, and the mixture includes at least one of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, boron, zinc, molybdenum, copper, and selenium as a mineral component. A third step of adding, and adding the wollastonite and concentrated sulfuric acid to the mixture obtained by adding the mineral component in the third step to obtain a solidified product. Has a fourth step of coming, the.

The waste treated in the first step contains nitrogen in the form of ammonia, urea or uric acid. In the first step, nitrogen in the waste is taken out as an extract in any form of ammonia gas, a liquid in which ammonia is dissolved, or an ammonium salt.
When waste contains ammonia, it can be taken out as a gas as it is, or it can be taken out by dissolving ammonia in a liquid such as water, or ammonia can be taken out as an ammonium salt. Is also possible.

When urea or uric acid is contained in the waste, it is possible to take out urea or uric acid from the waste and then change the extracted urea or uric acid to ammonia. Also, when urea or uric acid is contained in the waste, if the waste is left as it is, the urea or uric acid in the waste changes to ammonia over time. The changed ammonia can be taken out as ammonia gas, a liquid in which ammonia is dissolved, or an ammonium salt.

When the extract is taken out in the first step, a residue remains later. This residue contains various constituent elements derived from waste.
In the second step, the residue remaining in the first step is incinerated to produce incinerated ash. This incineration ash contains various component elements in the residue, that is, various component elements derived from waste.

When the moisture content of the residue is high, it is preferable to lower the moisture content of the residue in advance before incinerating the residue. By reducing the moisture content of the residue, the fuel efficiency when the residue is incinerated is improved, and the load on the facility for incineration of the residue is reduced. The moisture content of the residue can be reduced by, for example, centrifuging the moisture of the residue. It is also possible to heat the residue to remove moisture from the residue.

When incineration ash is made from the residue in the second step, the third step is performed.
In the third step, first, the extract taken out in the first step and the incinerated ash produced in the second step are mixed to form a mixture. And this mixture is mixed with phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), boron (B), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo). At least one of copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) is added as a mineral component. Phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, boron, zinc, molybdenum, copper, and selenium are indispensable elements for plant growth and are said to be essential elements.

In addition, what is necessary is just to determine the kind and quantity of the mineral component added at a 3rd process according to the composition of the waste processed at a 1st process. It is also possible to feed back the composition of the solidified product produced in the fourth step and adjust the content and amount of the mineral component added in the third step.
When mineral components are added to the mixture in the third step, the fourth step is performed.

In the fourth step, wollastonite (Wallastonite: calcium silicate: CaSiO ₃ ) and concentrated sulfuric acid are added to the mixture to which the mineral component has been added. When wollastonite and concentrated sulfuric acid are added to the mixture, the mixture solidifies into a solidified product. The wollastonite may be naturally produced or synthesized.
The solidified product produced in the fourth step is derived from nitrogen derived from the extract, various components derived from the residue, mineral components added in the third step, and wollastonite added in the fourth step Silicon and calcium, and sulfur (S) derived from concentrated sulfuric acid added in the fourth step. These components contained in the solidified product are useful components for plant growth. Therefore, the solidified product produced in the fourth step is preferable as a fertilizer for soil in which plants grow, and this solidified product can be fertilized in a field or the like.

In the steps from the first step to the fourth step, fermentation is not required. Moreover, in each process from a 1st process to a 4th process, the process which requires long days like fermentation does not exist. It takes a short time of several hours to change from waste to solidified material. That is, even when waste is processed in a large amount continuously, it is not necessary to store and manage a large amount of the substance being processed in each step from the first step to the fourth step.

When the fermentable component is mixed in the waste, the fermented component is incinerated and decomposed in the second step to become incinerated ash. Therefore, the fermented component is not mixed in the solidified product produced in the fourth step, and the solidified product fertilized in the field or the like is not fermented in the soil. Since the fertilized solidified material does not ferment in the soil, root rot does not occur in the plants growing in the soil.

In the case where the waste to be treated in the first step contains a solid or is in the form of a lump, it is preferable to crush the waste in advance before the first step.
Heat is generated when the residue is incinerated in the second step. This heat can be used as an energy source for extracting the extract from the waste in the first step. In addition, it is possible to decompose components contained in the exhaust gas generated in the first to fourth steps by this heat.

In the fourth step, heat is generated when wollastonite and concentrated sulfuric acid are added to the mixture in which the mineral component is added in the third step. This heat can be used as an energy source for extracting the extract from the waste in the first step.
In addition, when sodium (Na) or aluminum (Al) is mixed in the waste, the sodium or aluminum in the waste is the residue remaining after the extract is first taken out in the first step. Enter, then enter the incineration ash of the residue. And sodium and aluminum in incineration ash enter in the mixture made at the 3rd process. In the fourth step, sodium and aluminum in the mixture react with wollastonite and concentrated sulfuric acid to form sodium silicate (Na ₂ SiO ₃ ) and aluminum silicate (Al ₂ SiO ₅ ). go inside.

When applying solidified material containing sodium silicate or aluminum silicate as a fertilizer to a field, etc., sodium silicate and aluminum silicate in the solidified material gradually decomposes in the soil at a slow speed. To go. Therefore, a large amount of sodium or aluminum does not directly enter the soil through the solidified material, and the concentration of sodium or aluminum in the soil fertilized with the solidified material is kept low. Trace amounts of sodium and aluminum in the soil of a field have a favorable effect on the plants growing in the field. This is because trace amounts of sodium and aluminum are indispensable elements for plant growth.

The fertilizer manufacturing method according to the invention of claim 2 is the fertilizer manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the waste is produced as a secondary product when producing food and drink, sewage Contains at least one of sludge and manure.
The products that are generated side by side when producing food and drink are, for example, residues generated in the process of producing various alcoholic beverages including shochu, sake, awamori, wine, whiskey, and beer. It is a residue generated in the process of producing vegetable drinks and fruit drinks. Garbage generated from various restaurants and households is also included in the products that are produced as a secondary when producing food and drink.

The product that is produced as a secondary product when producing food and drink contains protein. Protein is a polymer of amino acids, and nitrogen is one of the main elements that form amino acids. Nitrogen in the protein changes into the form of ammonia, urea, or uric acid depending on the action of microorganisms. Here, the action of microorganisms is, for example, protein decay by microorganisms.

The product spoilage that occurs as a secondary product when producing food and drink contains either ammonia, urea, or uric acid, and therefore becomes waste that is supplied to the first step. obtain.
The sewage sludge contains various components, and includes any one of ammonia, urea, and uric acid derived from manure and various proteins. Therefore, the sewage sludge can become waste supplied to the first step.

The manure of humans, livestock, and other animals contains any one of ammonia, urea, and uric acid. Therefore, the thing containing manure can become the waste material supplied to a 1st process.
Septic products, sewage sludge, and excreta that are generated as secondary products during the production of food and drink contain various components, and the elements that make up these components are the components that fertilizers contain Is preferable. Therefore, the spoiled product produced when producing food and drink, the sludge of sewage, or the solidified product produced by subjecting manure to the fourth step to the fourth step are preferable fertilizers. Become.

The fertilizer manufacturing method according to the invention of claim 3 is the fertilizer manufacturing method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the extract is an aqueous ammonia solution.
Ammonia is easily dissolved in water, and the aqueous ammonia solution is easy to handle. Therefore, the aqueous ammonia solution can be easily taken out as an extract in the first step. If the extract is an aqueous ammonia solution, it is easy to create a mixture in the third step, and it is easy to add mineral components to the mixture.

When ammonia is contained in the waste processed in the first step, for example, the waste is heated to vaporize the ammonia and collect the vaporized ammonia. When the waste is heated in a reduced pressure environment, the vaporization of ammonia can be promoted. If vaporized ammonia is passed through water, the ammonia dissolves in water to form an aqueous ammonia solution. Further, when water is vaporized together with ammonia from waste, an aqueous ammonia solution can be formed by cooling the vaporized ammonia and water vapor.

[The invention's effect]
Since it is a fertilizer manufacturing method as described above, it is possible to shorten the processing time in processing waste to manufacture fertilizer, and when processing waste containing sodium or aluminum to make fertilizer However, it is possible to prevent sodium and aluminum contained in the fertilizer from hindering the growth of the plant, and the waste can be effectively used.

It is a flowchart of the process of the fertilizer manufacturing method which concerns on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Rot matter 12 Ammonia aqueous solution 14 Residue 16 Incineration ash 18 Mixture 20 Mineral component 22 Mixture 24 Concentrated sulfuric acid 26 Wollastonite 28 Solidified S1 1st process S2 2nd process S3 3rd process S4 4th process

The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the steps of a fertilizer manufacturing method according to the present invention.
When shochu is produced from cereals, cereal residues are generated during the production process. This grain residue contains various components including protein, carbohydrates and lipids. The grain residue rots to rot 10. Nitrogen contained in the protein in the grain residue takes the form of ammonia as the grain residue decays.

First, in the first step S1, the septic 10 is heated in a reduced pressure environment. When the septic 10 is heated in a reduced pressure environment, moisture and ammonia in the septic 10 are vaporized. When the vaporized water and ammonia are collected and cooled, the aqueous ammonia solution 12 is taken out as an extract. The aqueous ammonia solution 12 is sent to a third step S3 described later.
When the aqueous ammonia solution 12 is taken out from the septic 10, a residue 14 remains later. When the moisture content of the residue 14 is high, the residue 14 is centrifuged to drain water, and the moisture content of the residue 14 is lowered. It is preferable that the moisture content of the residue 14 is, for example, 5% or less. It is also possible to heat the residue 14 to reduce its moisture content. It is also possible to centrifuge the residue 14 and further heat the residue 14 that has been subjected to the centrifuge to lower its moisture content.

The residue 14 having a moisture content of 5% or less is sent to a second step S2 described next.
In the second step S2, the residue 14 sent from the first step S1 is incinerated. The residue 14 burns to become incinerated ash 16. Elements of various components contained in the residue 14, that is, elements of various components contained in the septic 10 remain in the incineration ash 16. Thereafter, the incineration ash 16 is sent to the third step S3.
Even if the residue 14 contains a fermenting component, the fermenting component is decomposed by incineration. Therefore, the incinerated ash 16 does not contain any fermentable components.

In the third step S3, the aqueous ammonia solution 12 sent from the first step S1 and the incinerated ash 16 sent from the second step S2 are mixed to become a mixture 18. Then, the mixture 18 is added with at least one of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, boron, zinc, molybdenum, copper, and selenium as the mineral component 20 to become the mixture 22. The mixture 22 is sent to a fourth step S4 described below.

In the fourth step S4, the wollastonite 26 is first added to the mixture 22 sent from the third step S3. The mixture 22 to which the wollastonite 26 has been added is well agitated. Then, concentrated sulfuric acid 24 is further added to the stirred mixture 22. In the mixture 22, the wollastonite 26 and the concentrated sulfuric acid 24 react to solidify the mixture 22 into a solidified product 28.

Then, the solidified product 28 is formed into pellets, and the pelletized solidified product 28 is packed in a bag and shipped as fertilizer.
Proteins, carbohydrates, elements forming lipids in the septic 10, nitrogen derived from the aqueous ammonia solution 12, the mineral component 20 added in the third step S3, and the wollastonite 26 added in the fourth step S4 The solidified product 28 contains silicon and calcium derived therefrom, and sulfur derived from the concentrated sulfuric acid 24 added in the fourth step S4. These components contained in the solidified product 28 are useful components for plant growth.

That is, the solidified product 28 produced from the fourth step S4 contains a component that is preferable as a fertilizer for the soil in which the plant grows, and the solidified product 28 can be fertilized in a field or the like. Moreover, it is also possible to use the solidified material 28 as a raw material for producing other fertilizers.
The solidified product 28 does not contain a component that is fermented by the action of microorganisms. Therefore, even if the solidified material 28 is fertilized to a field or the like, root rot will not occur in the crop of the fertilized field.

In each step from the first step S1 to the fourth step S4, fermentation is not performed. Moreover, in each process from 1st process S1 to 4th process S4, the process which requires long days like fermentation is not performed. Therefore, the time required for the rotting material 10 to become the solidified material 28 is short. For this reason, even if it is a case where the septic 10 is processed in large quantities continuously, in each process from the 1st process S1 to the 4th process S4, the septic 10, the aqueous ammonia solution 12, the residue 14 Incineration ash 16, mixture 18, and mixture 22 need not be stored and managed in large quantities.

By reducing the moisture content of the residue 14, the load on the facility for incinerating the residue 14 in the second step S2 is reduced. And the fuel efficiency of the facility which incinerates the residue 14 improves, and the lifetime of the facility which incinerates the residue 14 becomes long.
In the second step S2, the heat generated when the residue 14 is incinerated can be used as a heat source for heating the septic 10 and the residue 14.

When sodium and aluminum are contained in the septic 10, these sodium and aluminum first enter the residue 14 and then enter the incineration ash 16. Then, sodium and aluminum in the residue 14 enter the mixture 22 through the mixture 18. Sodium or aluminum in the mixture 22 reacts with the wollastonite 26 and concentrated sulfuric acid 24 added in the fourth step to form sodium silicate or aluminum silicate, and enters the solidified product 28.

When the solidified material 28 is fertilized in a field or the like, sodium silicate and aluminum silicate in the solidified material 28 gradually decompose in the soil at a slow speed. Accordingly, a large amount of sodium or aluminum does not directly enter the soil through the solidified material 28, and the concentration of sodium or aluminum in the soil fertilized with the solidified material 28 is kept low. It is. For plants growing in such fields, sodium and aluminum in the soil act as indispensable elements for plant growth.

Industrial applicability

The fertilizer manufacturing method according to the present invention is useful as a fertilizer manufacturing method in which waste is processed to manufacture fertilizer.

Claims (3)

First, an ammonia gas, a liquid in which ammonia is dissolved, or an ammonium salt is extracted as an extract from a waste containing at least one component of ammonia, urea, and uric acid. And the process of
A second step of incineration of the residue remaining after taking out the extract in the first step to produce incinerated ash;
The extract and the incinerated ash are mixed to form a mixture, and the mixture includes at least one of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, boron, zinc, molybdenum, copper, and selenium. A third step of adding as a mineral component;
A fertilizer manufacturing method comprising: a fourth step of adding a wollastonite and concentrated sulfuric acid to the mixture obtained by adding the mineral component in the third step to form a solidified product. 2. The waste according to claim 1, wherein the waste contains at least one of spoilage of a product that is secondarily generated when producing food and drink, sewage sludge, and excreta. The fertilizer manufacturing method as described. The fertilizer manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the extract is an aqueous ammonia solution.

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