WO2009082002A1 - 安定に長期間保存できる日本脳炎ワクチンの製法方法及び該ワクチンの用途 - Google Patents
安定に長期間保存できる日本脳炎ワクチンの製法方法及び該ワクチンの用途 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009082002A1 WO2009082002A1 PCT/JP2008/073732 JP2008073732W WO2009082002A1 WO 2009082002 A1 WO2009082002 A1 WO 2009082002A1 JP 2008073732 W JP2008073732 W JP 2008073732W WO 2009082002 A1 WO2009082002 A1 WO 2009082002A1
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- C07K14/005—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from viruses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
- A61K2039/525—Virus
- A61K2039/5252—Virus inactivated (killed)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- C12N2770/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses positive-sense
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- C12N2770/24011—Flaviviridae
- C12N2770/24111—Flavivirus, e.g. yellow fever virus, dengue, JEV
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- C12N2770/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses positive-sense
- C12N2770/00011—Details
- C12N2770/24011—Flaviviridae
- C12N2770/24111—Flavivirus, e.g. yellow fever virus, dengue, JEV
- C12N2770/24134—Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein
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- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a Japanese encephalitis vaccine having the characteristics that the titer is substantially maintained even after long-term storage.
- the present invention also relates to a Japanese encephalitis vaccine produced by the production method, and a mixed vaccine comprising a Japanese encephalitis vaccine and other types of antigen vaccines. Furthermore, it is related with the method of preventing the disease resulting from bacteria and / or a virus in a subject including the process of administering the said vaccine to a subject.
- Japanese encephalitis is an infectious disease caused by Japanese encephalitis virus infection mediated by mosquitoes such as Culex mosquito, and can be affected early in life. The mortality rate is high due to encephalopathy caused by viral infection, and the sequelae are severe. For prevention, immunization with a vaccine is effective early in infancy.
- Japanese encephalitis virus belongs to flavivirus. Vaccines used for the prevention of Japanese encephalitis are already manufactured and sold, and are incorporated into routine vaccinations in Japan. If Japanese encephalitis vaccines are classified by production method, there are vaccines produced by the mouse brain method and vaccines produced by the cell culture method. There are inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine and live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine. Depending on the dosage form, liquid vaccines and freeze-dried vaccines are manufactured and sold. The following is a brief explanation of conventional theories regarding inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccines produced by the mouse brain method.
- the first Japanese encephalitis vaccine a mouse brain-derived vaccine, was put into practical use in 1954, but its purity was low, and it was pointed out that it could induce allergic CNS disorders. After that, improvements were repeated, and in 1965, the improved Japanese encephalitis vaccine with improved quality due to progress in virus purification was put into practical use, and its manufacturing technology has been followed up to now.
- the inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine produced by the mouse brain method is highly effective and highly effective as described above. However, it has been pointed out that this inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine has problems in safety and storage stability. With regard to safety, since mice used in an uncontrolled environment are used, it is not possible to exclude the possibility that intrusion factors may be mixed into vaccine products when viewed from the safety level required today. Be seen.
- AK Srivastava et al (2001): Vaccine 19, 4557-75: A purified inactivated Japanese Encephalitis vaccine made in vero cells.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and an object thereof is to solve the problems of an inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine produced by the mouse brain method. More specifically, a liquid inactivated Japanese encephalitis that can be stably stored for a long period of time even near room temperature, including a step of combining a plurality of inactivation treatments for the Japanese encephalitis virus obtained by the cell culture method. It is to provide a method for producing a vaccine. Another object of the present invention is to provide a Japanese encephalitis vaccine produced by the production method or a mixed vaccine obtained by mixing the stable Japanese encephalitis vaccine and other types of antigen vaccines. It is also an object to provide a method for using them.
- the present inventors examined a method for inactivating Japanese encephalitis virus obtained by a cell culture method.
- the storage stability of the prepared mixed vaccine was examined by mixing multiple vaccines.
- the inactivation treatment conditions of Japanese encephalitis virus were examined.
- a liquid inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine that can be stably stored at room temperature for a long period of time (for example, 2 years (24 months or more)) can be produced by inactivation treatment in the presence of amino acids.
- a liquid that can be stably stored for a long period of time near room temperature by combining a process of performing additional inactivation treatment by physicochemical treatment in the presence of amino acids or the like, or a process of inactivating formalin while heating.
- the liquid inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine with improved storage stability obtained by the above method was mixed with another vaccine, and the mixed vaccine was evaluated. As a result, it was found that the Japanese encephalitis vaccine can be stably stored for a long time even in the mixed vaccine.
- stabilizers such as amino acids after purification.
- the present inventors combined a plurality of inactivation treatment steps with a Japanese encephalitis vaccine that has improved both safety and storage stability compared to an inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine produced by the conventional mouse brain method.
- the present invention has been successfully manufactured at low cost, thereby completing the present invention.
- the present invention provides the following [1] to [20].
- [1] A method for producing an inactivated whole-particle Japanese encephalitis vaccine, comprising a step of performing inactivation treatment as described in (a) and / or (b) below on Japanese encephalitis virus.
- the amino acid described in (a) is at least one amino acid selected from aspartic acid, ⁇ -aminobutyric acid, alanine, ⁇ -alanine, arginine, glycine, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, serine, threonine, and valine.
- a method for producing a Japanese encephalitis vaccine according to [1].
- the amine described in (a) is at least one amine selected from ethylamine, ethanolamine, and propanolamine, or the amide described in (a) is urea, glycinamide, And at least one amide selected from ⁇ -alanylamide, or the organic acid described in (a) is at least one organic acid selected from succinic acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid, oleic acid, and lactobionic acid [1] or [2] The manufacturing method of the Japanese encephalitis vaccine as described in [2].
- the inactivation treatment according to [1] (b) is at least one treatment method selected from heating, ⁇ -ray irradiation, electron beam irradiation, and laser beam irradiation.
- the manufacturing method of the Japanese encephalitis vaccine in any one of.
- the method for producing a Japanese encephalitis vaccine according to [4], wherein the inactivation treatment by heating is performed at 24 ° C. or higher.
- [7] The method for producing a Japanese encephalitis vaccine according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein a Japanese encephalitis virus produced by a cell culture method is used.
- [8] The method for producing a Japanese encephalitis vaccine according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein a Japanese encephalitis virus produced by a serum-free culture method is used.
- [9] The method for producing a Japanese encephalitis vaccine according to [7] or [8], wherein a master cell bank produced by a serum-free culture method is used in seeding of cell culture.
- the Japanese encephalitis vaccine according to [10] wherein the vaccine can be stored for a long period of time while maintaining the titer at a storage temperature of 15 ° C. or higher and 40 ° C. or lower.
- the Japanese encephalitis vaccine of [10] comprising an amino acid, an amine, and / or an amide as a stabilizer.
- the Japanese encephalitis vaccine according to [10] which is stable in a storage period of 1 year or more and less than 4 years.
- a mixed vaccine comprising the Japanese encephalitis vaccine described in any one of [10] to [16] and other types of antigens.
- the mixed vaccine of [17] which is an antigen.
- a method for preventing a disease caused by bacteria and / or viruses in a subject comprising a step of administering the Japanese encephalitis vaccine according to [10] or the mixed vaccine according to [17] to the subject.
- the method of [19], wherein the disease is a disease caused by Japanese encephalitis virus.
- the liquid inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine produced by the cell culture method will be described below.
- the present invention includes a step of combining a plurality of inactivation treatments for Japanese encephalitis virus obtained by a cell culture method, and can be stably stored for a long period of time even near room temperature, and is an effective and safe liquid inactivated Japanese encephalitis It is to provide a method for producing a vaccine. Another object of the present invention is to provide a Japanese encephalitis vaccine produced by the production method or a mixed vaccine obtained by mixing the stable Japanese encephalitis vaccine and other types of antigen vaccines. It is also an object to provide a method for using them.
- the vaccine produced by the production method of the present invention means a liquid product.
- the vicinity of room temperature means a temperature of 15 ° C. or higher and 40 ° C. or lower.
- the storage period is preferably a period of 1 year or more, more preferably a period of 2 years or more and less than 4 years.
- the vaccine of the present invention when produced as a freeze-dried product, it can be stably stored in a cold place for a long period of time as usual.
- any of clinical isolates, wild strains, artificial mutants, live attenuated vaccine strains, and genetically modified strains can be used.
- Genetically modified strains include virus strains recovered by reverse genetics techniques.
- a virus acquisition method either a mouse brain method or a cell culture method may be used, but a cell culture method is preferable. Any cell that is sensitive to Japanese encephalitis virus can be used for cell culture of the virus strain. For example, cells such as Vero cells, MDCK cells (floating cells), and Per.C6 can be mentioned.
- the cell culture of Japanese encephalitis virus for vaccine production is usually carried out in a serum-supplemented medium.
- a virus obtained by serum-free culture it is more preferable to use a virus obtained by serum-free culture.
- a master cell bank (working cell bank) and a working cell bank for seeding in cell culture are usually prepared by serum-added culture.
- a master cell bank (working cell bank) obtained by a serum-free culture method it is more preferable to use a master cell bank (working cell bank) obtained by a serum-free culture method. Thereby, the safety
- the outline of the production method of the liquid inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine by the cell culture method used by the inventors in the present invention is as follows.
- Vero cells ATCC CCL-81
- a master virus bank and a working virus bank were prepared by subcultured the Beijing-1 strain for mouse brain-derived Japanese encephalitis vaccine production in several generations of Vero cells.
- Vero cells on microcarriers (Cytodex-1 or 3, GE Healthcare Inc.), and cultured for 5-7 days in serum-free medium, when the number of cells reached a concentration of 1x10 6 cells / ml, Japanese encephalitis
- the virus was inoculated and cultured for about 3 days, after which the culture supernatant was collected to obtain a virus suspension. After inactivation with formalin, the virus suspension was purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation to obtain a vaccine.
- a stabilizer can be added.
- the stabilizer include amino acids or amines, amides, organic acids and the like.
- the liquid inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine of the present invention has a marked improvement in stability when stored for a long period of time near room temperature.
- the method for producing the improved inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine of the present invention is an improved method of the conventional inactivation treatment method.
- the improvement made in the present invention is one in which any one of the following two types of treatments or a combination thereof is carried out upon inactivation.
- the first improvement in the inactivation treatment method of the present invention is the presence of an amino acid or the like during the inactivation treatment.
- an amino acid, an amine, an amide or an organic acid is present in the buffer together with an inactivating agent (for example, formalin).
- an inactivating agent for example, formalin
- Non-Patent Document 6 A method for controlling the progress of inactivation by the presence of amino acids, ammonia, amines, etc. in the inactivation of bacteria, whole particle viruses, or protein toxins is known (see Non-Patent Document 6).
- lysine can react with formalin to capture excess formalin, neutralize the action of formalin, control excessive inactivation, or effectively stop inactivation. Has been accepted. Further, it has been proved that a Schiff salt is formed by a reaction between formalin and a terminal amino group of lysine (see Non-Patent Documents 7-9).
- the amino acid used in the inactivation treatment of the present invention may be any available amino acid, and protein-containing amino acids are particularly preferable. Moreover, a basic amino acid is more preferable. Often, water-soluble amino acids are preferred, but water-insoluble amino acids such as valine may be effective. Either a natural type (L-type) or a non-natural type (D-type) can be used. More preferable amino acids include aspartic acid, ⁇ -aminobutyric acid, alanine, ⁇ -alanine, arginine, glycine, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, serine, threonine, valine, peptides containing these, and amino acid oligomers. However, it is not limited to these.
- Suitable amines and amides include alkylamines such as ethylamine, ethanolamine and propanolamine, amides such as urea, glycinamide and ⁇ -alanylamide, ammonia, and inorganic salts of the above substances. However, it is not limited to these.
- Acidic amino acids, basic amino acids, and amines can be used as salts, and simple esters such as amino acid methyl esters and ethyl esters can also be used.
- Suitable organic acids include, but are not limited to, succinic acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid, oleic acid, lactobionic acid, and inorganic salts thereof.
- pharmaceutically acceptable acids and salts thereof can be used. Examples include, but are not limited to, maleic acid, malic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, glucoheptonic acid, carboxyvinyl polymer, and the like and inorganic salts thereof.
- the concentration of amino acids or amines, amides and organic acids used in the present invention is practically usable in the range of 0.005 M to 0.5 M, and preferably in the range of 0.02 M to 0.2 M.
- the optimum concentration varies depending on the concentration of Japanese encephalitis virus, the pH of the buffer solution, the temperature of the inactivation reaction solution, and the like. Methods for determining optimal concentrations are known to vaccine professionals.
- the method for adding amino acids, amines, amides, and organic acids in this treatment may be added all at once from the beginning, or may be added at intervals of about 1-2 times per week.
- the Japanese encephalitis virus strain suitable for producing the Japanese encephalitis vaccine of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- any of clinical isolates ie, wild strains
- artificial mutants ie, attenuated strains
- genetically modified strains including strains recovered by reverse genetics
- the storage stability of the Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine product produced according to the present invention can be determined by measuring the residual titer during storage.
- the titer measuring method for Japanese encephalitis vaccine include immunological measuring methods such as neutralizing antibody titer method, HI method and ELISA method.
- the neutralizing antibody titer method is suitable because it is adopted in Japanese biopharmaceutical standards as being simple and reliable.
- the neutralizing antibody titer measurement method is also called “50% plaque reduction method”.
- a sample diluted with immune antiserum and a known amount of Japanese encephalitis virus solution are mixed, the amount of residual virus is measured by the number of plaques generated by contact with Vero cells, and the dilution that reduces the number of plaques by 50% It is a method. This method is well known to those who handle vaccines.
- the mechanism by which a stabilizing effect is brought about by the coexistence of amino acids, amines, amides or organic acids during inactivation is as follows.
- An amino acid having an amino group at the terminal, such as glycine and lysine, will be described as an example.
- inactivation in the presence of amino acids changes the conformation of polysaccharides and other structures on the surface of the virus, resulting in a more stable structure, while formalin inactivation proceeds more completely.
- the surface layer of Japanese encephalitis virus contains a large polysaccharide structure and other high molecular weight acidic molecules together with the envelope protein.
- the amino acid when an amino acid having an amino group at the end, such as glycine or lysine, is present together, the amino acid has a property of forming a salt with an acidic substance, and can bind to some large structure of the virus.
- an amino acid is newly bound somewhere, the higher-order structure of the complex polysaccharide molecule on the virus surface changes, and the amino group that has been hidden is exposed. At this time, free formalin present in the vicinity is bound.
- the binding of formalin to the virus surface protein proceeds more completely, and in that process, the protein on the surface of the inactivated virus particle changes to a more stable higher-order structure.
- a second inactivation treatment by a physicochemical method is applied to the virus.
- Secondary inactivation may be in the presence or absence of a chemical inactivator.
- both chemical treatment methods and physicochemical treatment methods have been used in the inactivation treatment of whole-particle viruses and proteins.
- in chemical inactivation treatment with formalin or glutaraldehyde, or inactivation treatment with physicochemical means such as ⁇ -ray treatment or ultraviolet treatment, only one type of treatment is performed, and inactivation is performed by combining multiple methods. Was never done.
- Heating treatment temperature: 15-40 ° C; heating time: 10-120 minutes
- gamma irradiation radiation source: cobalt 60; 5-50 kGy (kilo gray)
- laser light irradiation light source: various laser irradiation devices
- electron beam irradiation microwave oven
- ultrasonic irradiation Ultrasonic irradiation.
- quality degradation can be prevented by microencapsulating whole particle virus.
- One or more of these methods can be used in combination. The same method may be repeated several times.
- the treatment conditions are not fixed, and suitable conditions can be set by changing the amount of suspended virus, temperature, pH of the buffer solution, treatment time, and the like.
- the physicochemical treatment is operated under aseptic conditions.
- the antigen protein may be excessively denatured and lose antigenicity as a result of the treatment. Therefore, the immunogenicity and other properties are examined after the treatment, and the optimum means and the optimum treatment conditions are comprehensively selected.
- the secondary inactivation according to the present invention performs at least one of the physicochemical inactivation processes. When inactivating by combining a plurality of treatments, a physicochemical inactivation treatment may be performed after the chemical inactivation treatment, or a chemical inactivation treatment is performed after the physicochemical inactivation treatment. May be.
- the mechanism of the secondary inactivation effect of the present invention is as follows when inactivation under heating is considered as an example.
- a similar mechanism can be assumed as in the case of inactivation by formalin in the presence of amino acids. That is, to summarize briefly, when inactivated with formalin while undergoing mild physicochemical treatment, for example, mild warming treatment, the three-dimensional structure of polysaccharides and other structures on the surface of the virus changes, and formalin virus It is speculated that stability will increase as a result of more complete binding to the surface.
- Examples of the combination of the chemical inactivation treatment in the presence of an amino acid and the second inactivation treatment by physicochemical means include, for example, inactivation with formalin while gently heating in the presence of an amino acid.
- the fact that the above mechanism is supported is that the three-dimensional structure of polymer structures such as polysaccharides and complex proteins can be used for heating treatment, ⁇ -ray treatment, sonication, etc., where treatment effects are recognized, under mild conditions. It is common in that it has the effect of changing.
- the above method for producing a stable Japanese encephalitis vaccine can also be applied to the production of whole particle vaccines of viruses belonging to other flaviviruses.
- Other flaviviruses include dengue virus, yellow fever virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBE), West Nile virus, St. Louis virus, and the like. In addition, it can be used for the production of all-particle influenza vaccines.
- the stable Japanese encephalitis vaccine of the present invention can be used for the production of a mixed vaccine mixed with another type of antigen vaccine.
- it can be used as a four-type mixed vaccine obtained by mixing a DTP triple vaccine obtained by mixing three types of tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid and pertussis vaccine and the Japanese encephalitis vaccine of the present invention.
- Other bacterial vaccine antigens include Haemophilus influenza type B, Neisseria meningitidis, Salmonella typhi, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera, Mention may be made of Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- Viral antigens include, but are not limited to, oral polio vaccines, inactivated polio vaccines, hepatitis vaccines, and influenza vaccines.
- an appropriate adjuvant can be added to the vaccine of the present invention (including a combination vaccine).
- the adjuvant used in the vaccine of the present invention include aluminum hydroxide and its inorganic salts, hydrocarbons such as squalene and oil, cholera toxin, bacterial toxins, polysaccharides such as inulin, and combinations thereof. It is not limited to these. In general, there is no regularity in the type of adjuvant effective for enhancing the immunity of a vaccine antigen. The type of effective adjuvant varies depending on the administration method.
- the type and concentration of an adjuvant effective for a vaccine can be determined by trial and error methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the vaccine product of the present invention may contain a stabilizer (eg, gelatin), a preservative (eg, thimerosal, phenoxyethanol), a colorant (eg, phenol red) and the like in addition to the antigen.
- this invention relates to the method of preventing the disease resulting from bacteria and / or a virus in a subject including the process of administering the vaccine of this invention to a subject.
- diseases in the present invention include diseases caused by Japanese encephalitis virus.
- “administering” includes administering orally or parenterally.
- Oral administration can include administration in the form of an oral agent, and as the oral agent, a dosage form such as a tablet, capsule, solvent, or suspension can be selected.
- nasal inoculation and transdermal inoculation are possible if an appropriate dosage form is selected.
- Parenteral administration can include administration in the form of injections. The dose and administration method vary depending on the weight, age, symptoms, etc. of the subject, but can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art.
- Example 1 Effect of addition of amino acids during inactivation on storage stability of vaccines Improved Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine obtained by inactivating virus with formalin in the presence of amino acids is preserved, and storage stability is improved. Examined.
- the implementation method is as follows.
- As a Japanese encephalitis virus strain Beijing-1 strain was used.
- As a culture medium a serum-free medium for cell culture VP-SFM (manufactured by Invitorogen) was used. The culture was performed by adding 50 L medium to an 80 L fermenter. Vero cells (ATCC CCL-81) were purchased from ATCC and conditioned in serum-free medium to prepare a master cell bank and a working cell bank.
- a master virus bank and a working virus bank were prepared by subculturing the Beijing-1 strain for producing mouse encephalitis-derived Japanese encephalitis vaccine using Vero cells.
- Vero cells are cultured in a serum-free medium on microcarriers (Cytodex-1 or 3) for 5-7 days. When the number of cells reaches a concentration of 1x10 6 cells / ml, Japanese encephalitis virus is inoculated for about 3 days.
- the virus was recovered from the culture supernatant, purified according to the Kitasato Institute Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine production method, and then suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to obtain a virus suspension.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- Example 2 Effect of addition of amino acids in long-term storage of liquid Japanese encephalitis vaccine product
- a virus suspension was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. This was used to inactivate Japanese encephalitis virus with formalin with or without 0.5% glycine. Thereafter, impurities were removed by purification by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. After that, it was resuspended in PBS at a viral protein amount of 10 ⁇ g / ml to make a vaccine, and 0.7 mL was dispensed into vials. At this time, amino acids and sugar alcohols were added as stabilizers to the vaccine in the vial. Then, it preserve
- test number 1 tended to have a higher residual titer. 3.
- both the 4 ° C. storage and the 28 ° C. storage maintained a higher titer than the no-added control (test number 3), but was more evident in the 28 ° C. storage. It was. A similar tendency was observed in Test No. 2.
- Test No. 1 retained higher titer than the non-added subject (Test No. 3) when stored at 28 ° C. That is, it was revealed that addition of amino acids in the inactivation treatment is an effective method for producing a stable Japanese encephalitis vaccine.
- Example 3 Infectious protective effect after 2 years of storage of vaccines
- cell culture was performed in a serum-free medium to obtain a virus suspension.
- formalin inactivation treatment was performed at 4 ° C for 3 months under the conditions of 0.5% glycine addition, and after purifying with a sucrose density gradient to remove impurities, 0.7 mL each was dispensed into a vial. It was.
- the vaccine was stored at 4 ° C or 28 ° C for 25 months.
- mice immunized with the stock vaccine were attacked with the virus and examined for their ability to protect against infection.
- ddY mice (4 weeks old) were immunized 4 times with the stored vaccine at 3-day intervals.
- mice Two weeks later, 0.03 ml (50LD50) of Japanese encephalitis virus was inoculated into the brain, and the survival of the mice was observed for 2 weeks. Table 3 shows the number of surviving mice and the survival rate.
- a cell culture-derived vaccine prepared without adding anything during the inactivation treatment or as a stabilizer in the vaccine was used.
- a standard vaccine for titer measurement reference vaccine
- a mouse brain-derived vaccine purchased from the Institute for Infectious Diseases, freeze-dried
- PBS a standard vaccine for titer measurement
- mice were inactivated in the presence of 0.5% glycine, and after purification and when no product was added to the vaccine product and stored at 28 ° C for 25 months, the survival of mice after virus challenge The rate was 83% (Test No. 1, stored at 28 ° C.). On the other hand, when treated similarly using the reference vaccine, the survival rate was 80% (Study No. 4). From the above results, it was confirmed that the vaccine of the present invention was liquid and could be stably stored at 28 ° C. for 2 years or more. When stored at 4 ° C., the survival rate was 67% (Test No. 1, stored at 4 ° C.).
- test number 2 When inactivated in the presence of amino acids and amino acids and sugar alcohols were added as preservatives during vaccine storage, the remaining effectiveness of the vaccine was lower than test number 1 (test number 2), but no addition It was shown to be higher than the control (test number 3). Conventional products could not be stably stored because the titer was significantly reduced.
- Example 4 Effect of amino acid addition after purification on storage stability of vaccine
- a virus suspension was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. This was used to inactivate Japanese encephalitis virus in formalin under the conditions of addition of 0.5% glycine and 1% sorbitol. Thereafter, the product was purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation to remove impurities. After that, resuspended in PBS at 10 ⁇ g / ml of viral protein to make a vaccine, where various amino acids were added together with 1% sorbitol as a stabilizer and stored. The value was measured. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 5 Combination vaccine of DTP triple vaccine and improved Japanese encephalitis vaccine Inactivation treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 2 to obtain a virus suspension. At the time of inactivation treatment with formalin, 0.5% glycine was present, and the inactivation treatment was carried out by leaving it at 24 ° C. for 10 days to obtain a Japanese encephalitis vaccine.
- a mixed vaccine was prepared by mixing equal amounts of the DTP triple vaccine prepared by Kitasato Institute and the stable Japanese encephalitis vaccine of the present invention. The titer of each component antigen was measured by the method of Japanese biopharmaceutical standards. The results are shown in Table 5. In the tested titer test, all items met Japanese biopharmaceutical standards.
- the Japanese encephalitis vaccine produced by the production method of the present invention has an efficacy equivalent to or higher than that of a liquid inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine produced by the conventionally produced mouse brain method, and is safer than the conventional vaccine product. Storage stability is improved. Regarding the safety, since the master cell bank prepared by the serum-free culture method is used in the seeding of the cell culture and the virus is cultured and produced by the serum-free cell culture method before the inactivation treatment, for example, BSE (mad Bovine disease) and hepatitis virus-derived serum-derived entry factors are low in the vaccine. Therefore, the Japanese encephalitis vaccine manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present application is safer than the conventional vaccine product or the cell culture method Japanese encephalitis vaccine manufactured by serum-added culture.
- the vaccine titer is stably maintained during long-term storage.
- the fact that liquid products can be stored for a long time even when stored near room temperature is very convenient in terms of production management, distribution, and storage at medical sites.
- the Japanese encephalitis virus which has been rampant for a long time in the subtropical to tropical regions, it is necessary to store various types of vaccines for a long time under simple temperature control conditions in order to deal with infection prevention with vaccines.
- the vaccine of the present invention is effective when there is a need for such long-term storage.
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Abstract
Description
マウス脳法により製造される不活化日本脳炎ワクチンは、前述のごとく精製度も高く、有効性の高いワクチンである。しかし、この不活化日本脳炎ワクチンは、安全性と保存安定性に問題があると指摘されてきた。
安全性に関しては、十分に管理されていない環境で飼育されたマウスを使用するので、今日要求される安全性水準からみた場合に、迷入因子がワクチン製品に混入する可能性を排除できないことが問題視される。この点は細胞培養法による製造法の採用で基本的に解決される。最近、細胞培養法により製造されるワクチンが世界的に注目を集め、先進国、発展途上国を問わず世界的に要望が高まっている。保存安定性に関しては、安定剤としてゼラチンがワクチンに添加された。しかし、ゼラチンはアレルギー反応を誘発する危険性が指摘されて、安定剤として使用されなくなってきている。保存安定性を確保する別の方法として、凍結乾燥製品を製造することにより、冷室保存で長期保存が可能になる。しかし、凍結乾燥製品は製造コストが高価であり、冷所保存や冷凍保存には、保存の為の施設、冷蔵庫などの機器が必要であり、保存の費用がかかる欠点が有る。
すなわち、不活化日本脳炎ワクチンの有効性、安全性、保存安定性に関して以下の通りまとめられる。まず、有効性は比較的満足な情況にある。安全性の問題は細胞培養製造法の開発により改良される可能性が高い。しかし、保存安定性の問題は凍結乾燥法による解決法はあるものの、製造コストが高価になる欠点があり、液状製品の保存安定性は確保されていない。すなわち、安定に長期間保存できる新しい日本脳炎ワクチンが求められている。
日本脳炎ワクチンと同様に、他のウイルスワクチンにおいても、安価な製造費用を維持しつつ、保存安定性に優れたワクチンの開発が求められている。
まず、日本脳炎ウイルスの不活化処理条件を検討した。その結果、アミノ酸などの存在下で不活化処理を行うことにより、室温付近で安定に長期間(例えば2年(24ヶ月)以上)保存できる液状不活化日本脳炎ワクチンを製造出来ることを見いだした。次にアミノ酸などの存在下で物理化学的処理による追加の不活化処理を行う工程、又は加温しつつホルマリン不活化を行う工程等を組み合わせることによっても、室温付近で安定に長期間保存できる液状不活化日本脳炎ワクチンを製造出来ることを見いだした。次に、上記の方法で得た保存安定性の改善された液状不活化日本脳炎ワクチンと他のワクチンと混合し、混合ワクチンの評価を行った。その結果、混合ワクチンにおいても日本脳炎ワクチンは、安定に長期間保存できることを見いだした。さらに、不活化時にアミノ酸を添加することに加え、精製後にアミノ酸等の安定剤を添加することにより、日本脳炎ワクチンの安定性が保持されることを明らかにした。
即ち、本発明者らは、従来のマウス脳法により製造された不活化日本脳炎ワクチンに比べ、安全性と保存安定性の両方が改善された日本脳炎ワクチンを、複数の不活化処理工程を組み合わせることで安価に製造することに成功し、これにより本発明を完成するに至った。
〔1〕日本脳炎ウイルスに対し、以下の(a)および/または(b)に記載の不活化処理を行う工程を含む、不活化全粒子日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法。
(a)アミノ酸、アミン類、アミド類、および/または有機酸の存在下において化学的手法による不活化処理を行う工程
(b)物理化学的手法による不活化処理を行う工程
〔2〕〔1〕(a)に記載のアミノ酸が、アスパラギン酸、γ―アミノ酪酸、アラニン、β-アラニン、アルギニン、グリシン、グルタミン酸、イソロイシン、ロイシン、リジン、セリン、スレオニン、およびバリンから選択される少なくとも一つのアミノ酸である、〔1〕に記載の日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法。
〔3〕〔1〕(a)に記載のアミン類がエチルアミン、エタノールアミン、およびプロパノールアミンから選択される少なくとも一つのアミン類であり、または(a)に記載のアミド類が尿素、グリシンアミド、およびβ-アラニルアミドから選択される少なくとも一つのアミド類であり、または(a)に記載の有機酸がコハク酸、酒石酸、グルコン酸、オレイン酸、ラクトビオン酸から選択される少なくとも一つの有機酸である、〔1〕または〔2〕に記載の日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法。
〔4〕〔1〕(b)に記載の不活化処理が加温、γ線照射、電子線照射、およびレーザー光照射から選定される少なくとも一つの処理方法である、〔1〕から〔3〕のいずれかに記載の日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法。
〔5〕加温による不活化処理が24℃ 以上で行われることを特徴とする〔4〕に記載の日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法。
〔6〕日本脳炎ウイルスが臨床分離株(野外株)、人工変異株、遺伝子組換え株、または逆遺伝学による回収株、のいずれかである〔1〕から〔5〕のいずれかに記載の日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法。
〔7〕細胞培養法で製造された日本脳炎ウイルスを用いることを特徴とする、〔1〕から〔6〕のいずれかに記載の日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法。
〔8〕無血清培養法で製造された日本脳炎ウイルスを用いることを特徴とする、〔1〕から〔6〕のいずれかに記載の日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法。
〔9〕無血清培養法で製造されたマスター細胞バンクを細胞培養の播種において用いることを特徴とする、〔7〕または〔8〕に記載の日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法。
〔10〕〔1〕~〔9〕のいずれかに記載の製造方法により製造される、力価が保持されたまま長期間保存できる特徴を有する不活化全粒子日本脳炎ワクチン。
〔11〕15℃以上40℃以下の保存温度において、力価が保持されたまま長期間保存できる特徴を有する、〔10〕に記載の日本脳炎ワクチン。
〔12〕アミノ酸、アミン類、および/またはアミド類を安定剤として含む、〔10〕に記載の日本脳炎ワクチン。
〔13〕1年以上、4年未満の保存期間において安定している特徴を有する〔10〕に記載の日本脳炎ワクチン。
〔14〕アジュバントをさらに含む〔10〕に記載の日本脳炎ワクチン。
〔15〕アジュバント添加ワクチンの1ドーズの抗原量がアジュバント無添加ワクチンの場合より少ないことを特徴とする〔14〕に記載のワクチン。
〔16〕剤型が液状であることを特徴とする〔10〕から〔15〕のいずれかに記載のワクチン。
〔17〕〔10〕から〔16〕のいずれかに記載された日本脳炎ワクチンおよび他の種類の抗原からなる混合ワクチン。
〔18〕他の種類の抗原が、ジフテリアトキソイド、破傷風トキソイド、百日せきワクチン、インフルエンザ菌ワクチン、髄膜炎菌ワクチン、経口ポリオワクチン、不活化ポリオワクチン、または肝炎ワクチンから選択される少なくとも一つの抗原である〔17〕の混合ワクチン。
〔19〕〔10〕に記載の日本脳炎ワクチンまたは〔17〕に記載の混合ワクチンを対象者に投与する工程を含む、対象者において細菌および/またはウイルスに起因する疾患を予防する方法。
〔20〕疾患が、日本脳炎ウイルスに起因する疾患であることを特徴とする〔19〕に記載の方法。
以下に、細胞培養法で製造する液状不活化日本脳炎ワクチンについて説明する。
本発明は、細胞培養法で得られた日本脳炎ウイルスに対し、複数の不活化処理を組み合わせて行なう工程を含む、室温付近においても長期間安定に保存でき、有効かつ安全な液状不活化日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法を提供することにある。また、当該製造方法によって製造された日本脳炎ワクチン、若しくは当該安定な日本脳炎ワクチンと他の種類の抗原ワクチンを混合した混合ワクチンを提供することも目的とする。また、それらの使用方法を提供することも目的とする。
ウイルス株の細胞培養に使用する細胞は 日本脳炎ウイルスに感受性の有る細胞ならいずれでも良い。 例えば、Vero 細胞、MDCK 細胞(浮遊細胞)、Per.C6 などの細胞が挙げられる。
Vero 細胞(ATCC CCL-81)をATCC より購入後、無血清培地にて馴化し、マスター細胞バンクおよび作業用細胞バンクを作製した。ウイルスは、マウス脳由来日本脳炎ワクチン製造用株北京-1 株をVero 細胞にて数代継代しマスターウイルスバンク並びにワーキングウイルスバンクを作製した。
Vero 細胞をマイクロキャリア(Cytodex-1 または3、GEヘルスケア社製)上で、無血清培地で5~7日間培養し、細胞数が1x106cells/ml の濃度に達した際に、日本脳炎ウイルスを接種し、約3日間培養し、その後、培養上清を回収し、ウイルス浮遊液を得た。
ホルマリンで不活化後、蔗糖密度勾配遠心によりウイルス浮遊液を精製し、ワクチンとした。その際に、すなわち精製後に安定剤を加えることも出来る。安定剤としては、アミノ酸またはアミン類、アミド類、有機酸等を挙げることができる。
本発明の液状不活化日本脳炎ワクチンは室温付近で長期間保存する場合の安定性が顕著に改善される。本発明の改良不活化日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法は、従来の不活化処理方法の改良法である。本発明で行った改良は下記2種の処理のいずれか一つ、またはその組合せを不活化の際に行うものである。
好適な有機酸としてはコハク酸、酒石酸、グルコン酸、オレイン酸、ラクトビオン酸、およびこれらの無機塩などを含むがこれらに限定されない。また、その他、医薬上許容される酸とその塩が使用可能である。例えば、マレイン酸、リンゴ酸、ステアリン酸、リノール酸、グルコヘプトン酸、カルボキシビニルポリマー等、およびその無機塩が含まれるがこれらに限定されない。
本処理におけるアミノ酸またはアミン類、アミド類、有機酸の添加方法は、最初から一度に添加しても良いし、あるいは一週間に1-2回程度の間隔で分割添加しても良い。
本発明の日本脳炎ワクチンを製造するのに適した日本脳炎ウイルス株はとくに限定されない。すなわち、ワクチン製造に使用した場合に抗原性を示す能力があれば、臨床分離株(すなわち野生株)、人工変異株、弱毒株、遺伝子組換え株(逆遺伝学による回収株を含む)の何れでも使用可能である。
すなわち、従来法のアミノ酸非存在下における不活化において、ホルマリンはウイルス表面に露出した部分の蛋白を不活化するものの、隠れた部分の蛋白を不活化することができず、一部ウイルス蛋白は活性を保持したまま隠れて残存するものと考えられる。これは半不活化製品である。
従来、全粒子ウイルスや蛋白質の不活化処理においては化学処理法と物理化学的処理法の両方が使用されてきた。しかし、ホルマリンやグルタルアルデヒドによる化学的不活化処理、またはγ線処理や紫外線処理などの物理化学的手段による不活化処理においても、ただ1種類の処理のみ実施し、複数の方法を組み合わせて不活化が行われることはなかった。これまでは、全粒子ウイルスの不活化処理の場合はウイルスの不活化が確認できれば、また、遊離タンパク質の不活化においては機能活性の消失を確認できれば、不活化が完了すると理解されてきた。従って、複数の不活化処理を組み合わせて実施するのは無駄であると考えられ、あえて試みられることは無かった。本発明者らは化学的手段を用いた不活化で製造した日本脳炎ウイルスワクチンが、保存中に品質の劣化を起こす原因の一つは不完全な不活化にあると考え、日本脳炎ウイルスの不活化方法を検討した。その結果化学的不活化処理に加えて物理化学的手段による第2次不活化を追加実施することがワクチンの保存安定化に有効であることを見いだした。
第2次不活化は種々の物理化学的処理の方法で実施できる。以下に例を示すが、これらに限定されるものではない。また、使用可能な条件の一例を合わせて示すが、これらに限定されるものではない。
加温処理(温度:15~40 ℃;加温時間:10~120 分)、γ線照射(線源:コバルト60;5~50 kGy (キログレー))、レーザー光照射(光源:各種レーザー照射装置;波長500~700 nm;光量:0.01-1 J(ジュール)/cm2)、電子線照射(電子レンジ)、超音波照射。
本発明の第2次不活化は、物理化学的不活化処理の少なくとも一つの処理を行うものである。複数の処理を組み合わせて不活化を行う場合は、化学的不活化処理の後、物理化学的不活化処理を行ってもよいし、物理化学的不活化処理の後、化学的不活化処理を行ってもよい。
上記の安定な日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法は、他のフラビウイルスに属するウイルスの全粒子ワクチンの製造にも適用できる。他のフラビウイルスにはデングウイルス、黄熱病ウイルス、ダニ媒介脳炎ウイルス(TBE)、ウェストナイルウイルス、セントルイスウイルス、などが含まれる。その他、全粒子インフルエンザワクチンの製造にも用いられる。
ワクチンの通例として、本発明のワクチン製品は抗原の他に、安定剤(例えばゲラチン)、保存剤(例えばチメロサール、フェノキシエタノール)、着色剤(例えばフェノールレッド)などを含有させる事が出来る。
本発明において、「投与する」とは、経口的、あるいは非経口的に投与することが含まれる。経口的な投与としては、経口剤という形での投与を挙げることができ、経口剤としては、錠剤、カプセル剤、溶剤、あるいは懸濁剤等の剤型を選択することができる。さらに適切な剤型を選べば、経鼻接種、経皮接種も可能である。
非経口的な投与としては、注射剤という形での投与を挙げることができる。
投与量、投与方法は、対象者の体重や年齢、症状などにより変動するが、当業者であれば適宜選択することが可能である。
なお本明細書において引用されたすべての先行技術文献は、参照として本明細書に組み入れられる。
アミノ酸の存在下でホルマリンによりウイルスを不活化処理して得られた改良日本脳炎ウイルスワクチンを保存し、保存安定性を調べた。実施方法は以下の通りである。
日本脳炎ウイルス株は、北京―1株を使用した。培養培地は、細胞培養用無血清培地VP-SFM (Invitorogen 社製)を使用した。培養は80L容ファーメンターに50L培地を入れて細胞培養を実施した。
Vero 細胞(ATCC CCL-81)をATCC より購入後、無血清培地にて馴化し、マスターセルバンクおよびワーキングセルバンクを作製した。ウイルスは、マウス脳由来日本脳炎ワクチン製造用株北京-1 株をVero細胞にて数代継代しマスターウイルスバンク並びにワーキングウイルスバンクを作製した。
無血清培地でVero 細胞をマイクロキャリア(Cytodex-1 または3)上で5~7日間培養し、細胞数が1x106cells/ml の濃度に達した時点で日本脳炎ウイルスを接種し、約3日間培養後、培養上清からウイルスを回収し、北里研究所の日本脳炎ウイルスワクチン製造方法に従い精製した後、リン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)に懸濁して、ウイルス浮遊液とした。
不活化処理後に、蔗糖密度勾配遠心法により不純物ならびにホルマリンと添加物質を除去し、PBS 中でウイルス濃度を調整した。その後、0.7 mLずつバイアルに分注して日本脳炎ワクチンを作成した。
各バイアルを4℃の冷所に保存した。保存開始から9ヶ月後まで3ヶ月ごとにバイアルを開封し、同一条件で作成した試料のバイアル5 本分を合わせて1検体とした。5 検体を使用し、日本生物製剤基準に従い力価測定法により、各保存期間後の残存力価を測定した。表1において、各保存期間の残存力価を中和抗体価で示す。
実施例1と同様の方法でウイルス浮遊液を得た。これを用いて0.5%グリシン添加条件下、または無添加条件下において、ホルマリンで日本脳炎ウイルスを不活化した。その後、蔗糖密度勾配遠心にて精製し不純物を除去した。その後、ウイルスタンパク量10μg/ml にてPBS で再浮遊してワクチンとし、バイアルに0.7mL ずつ分注した。この際、バイアル中のワクチンに安定剤としてアミノ酸と糖アルコールを添加した。その後、4℃および28℃で保存して、保存安定性を調べた。具体的には、3 ヶ月おきに生物学的製剤基準に規定される方法でバイアル中の残存力価を測定した。以上の結果を表2に示す。力価は中和抗体価で示す。
1.試験番号1と3との比較、ならびに試験番号2と4との比較から、アミノ酸を添加した条件でウイルスを不活化して製造した日本脳炎ワクチンの液体製品は、15ヶ月間保存後に、無添加条件下で不活化した製品より高い力価を保持していた。すなわち、不活化処理におけるアミノ酸添加は、安定な日本脳炎ワクチンを製造するために有効な方法である。
2.試験番号3と4の比較において、ワクチン中に安定剤としてアミノ酸と糖アルコールを添加した場合、保存開始から15ヶ月後に、無添加より高い力価を保持していた。しかし、試験番号1と2の比較において、アミノ酸存在下にホルマリンで不活化した本発明の日本脳炎ワクチンでは、十分に安定性を獲得しており、12ヶ月間保存後において、アミノ酸と糖アルコールの追加的安定化効果は明白ではなかった。15ヶ月間保存後において、試験番号1の方が、残存力価が高い傾向があった。
3.試験番号1において、4℃での保存と28℃での保存でいずれの場合も、無添加対照(試験番号3)より高い力価が保持されていたが、28℃の保存においてより明白であった。試験番号2においても同様の傾向が認められた。
4.24ヶ月目では、28℃保存において試験番号1が 無添加対象(試験番号3)より、高い力価が保持されていることが明らかになった。 すなわち、不活化処理におけるアミノ酸添加は、安定な日本脳炎ワクチンを製造するために有効な方法であることが明らかとなった。
実施例1と同様に無血清培地で細胞培養を実施しウイルス浮遊液を得た。実施例2と同様に、0.5%グリシン添加条件下でホルマリン不活化処理を4℃で3 ヶ月間行い、蔗糖密度勾配で精製して不純物を除去した後、バイアルに0.7 mL ずつ分注してワクチンとした。ワクチンを4℃または28℃で25ヶ月保存した。保存ワクチンの有効性を確認するために、保存ワクチンで免疫したマウスをウイルスで攻撃し、感染防御能を調べた。ddY マウス(4 週齢)に3 日間隔で保存ワクチンを4 回免疫した。その2 週間後に日本脳炎ウイルス0.03ml(50LD50)を脳内に接種し、2 週間マウスの生存を観察した。生存マウスの数と生存率を表3に示す。対照として、不活化処理時にもワクチン中の安定剤としても何も加えないで製造した細胞培養由来ワクチンを使用した。また、力価測定用標準ワクチン(参照ワクチン)として、国家検定に使用するマウス脳由来ワクチン(感染症研究所より購入、凍結乾燥品)を測定のたびに規定された方法でPBS に溶解して使用した。
4℃の保存では、生存率は67%であった(試験番号1、4℃保存)。
アミノ酸存在下で不活化処理し、ワクチン保存中に保存剤としてアミノ酸と糖アルコールを添加した場合は、試験番号1に比較してワクチンの残存有効性が低かった(試験番号2)が、無添加対照(試験番号3)より高いことが示された。従来製品は力価低下が著しいので、安定に保存できなかった。
実施例1と同様の方法でウイルス浮遊液を得た。これを用いて0.5%グリシンと1%ソルビトール添加条件下、ホルマリンに日本脳炎ウイルスを不活化した。その後、蔗糖密度勾配遠心にて精製し、不純物を除去した。その後、ウイルスタンパク質10μg/mlにてPBSで再浮遊してワクチンとし、ここに安定剤として1%ソルビトールとともに各種アミノ酸を添加して保存し、実施例2と同様に3ヶ月おき6ヶ月まで残存力価を測定した。以上の結果を表4に示す。
試験番号7の無添加(28℃保存)と比較した場合、試験番号1のグリシン、試験番号2のアラニンおよび試験番号4のアルギニン添加により、高い力価が得られた。不活化時にアミノ酸を添加することに加え、さらに精製後にアミノ酸を添加することにより、28℃保存における日本脳炎ワクチンの安定性が保持されることが明らかになった。
実施例2の場合と同様に不活化処理を行い、ウイルス浮遊液を得た。ホルマリンで不活化処理する際に、グリシン0.5 %を存在させ、24℃で10日間放置することにより不活化処理し、日本脳炎ワクチンとした。一方、北里研究所製DTP三種混合ワクチンおよび本発明の安定な日本脳炎ワクチンを等量ずつ混合して混合ワクチンを作成した。
それぞれの成分抗原の力価を日本生物製剤基準の方法で測定した。結果を表5に示す。試験した力価試験において何れの項目も日本生物製剤基準に適合した。
安全性については、不活化処理の前段階で、無血清培養法で作成したマスター細胞バンクを細胞培養の播種において使用し、かつ無血清細胞培養法でウイルスを培養製造するので、例えばBSE(狂牛病)や肝炎ウイルスなど血清由来の迷入因子がワクチンに混入する危険性が低い。したがって、本願の製造方法により製造された日本脳炎ワクチンは、従来のワクチン製品、または血清添加培養により製造した細胞培養法日本脳炎ワクチンより、安全である。
Claims (18)
- 日本脳炎ウイルスに対し、以下の(a)および/または(b)に記載の不活化処理を行う工程を含む、不活化全粒子日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法。
(a)アミノ酸、アミン類、アミド類、および/または有機酸の存在下において化学的手法による不活化処理を行う工程
(b)物理化学的手法による不活化処理を行う工程 - 請求項1(a)に記載のアミノ酸が、アスパラギン酸、γ―アミノ酪酸、アラニン、β-アラニン、アルギニン、グリシン、グルタミン酸、イソロイシン、ロイシン、リジン、セリン、スレオニン、およびバリンから選択される少なくとも一つのアミノ酸である、請求項1に記載の日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法。
- 請求項1(a)に記載のアミン類がエチルアミン、エタノールアミン、およびプロパノールアミンから選択される少なくとも一つのアミン類であり、または(a)に記載のアミド類が尿素、グリシンアミド、およびβ-アラニルアミドから選択される少なくとも一つのアミド類であり、または(a)に記載の有機酸がコハク酸、酒石酸、グルコン酸、オレイン酸、ラクトビオン酸から選択される少なくとも一つの有機酸である、請求項1または2に記載の日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法。
- 請求項1(b)に記載の不活化処理が加温、γ線照射、電子線照射、およびレーザー光照射から選定される少なくとも一つの処理方法である、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法。
- 加温による不活化処理が24℃ 以上で行われることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法。
- 日本脳炎ウイルスが臨床分離株(野外株)、人工変異株、遺伝子組換え株、または逆遺伝学による回収株、のいずれかである請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法。
- 細胞培養法で製造された日本脳炎ウイルスを用いることを特徴とする、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法。
- 無血清培養法で製造された日本脳炎ウイルスを用いることを特徴とする、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法。
- 無血清培養法で製造されたマスター細胞バンクを細胞培養の播種において用いることを特徴とする、請求項7または8に記載の日本脳炎ワクチンの製造方法。
- 請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の製造方法により製造される、力価が保持されたまま長期間保存できる特徴を有する不活化全粒子日本脳炎ワクチン。
- 15℃以上40℃以下の保存温度において、力価が保持されたまま長期間保存できる特徴を有する、請求項10に記載の日本脳炎ワクチン。
- アミノ酸、アミン類、および/またはアミド類を安定剤として含む、請求項10に記載の日本脳炎ワクチン。
- 1年以上、4年未満の保存期間において安定している特徴を有する請求項10に記載の日本脳炎ワクチン。
- アジュバントをさらに含む請求項10に記載の日本脳炎ワクチン。
- アジュバント添加ワクチンの1ドーズの抗原量がアジュバント無添加ワクチンの場合より少ないことを特徴とする請求項14に記載のワクチン。
- 剤型が液状であることを特徴とする請求項10から15のいずれかに記載のワクチン。
- 請求項10から16のいずれかに記載された日本脳炎ワクチンおよび他の種類の抗原からなる混合ワクチン。
- 他の種類の抗原が、ジフテリアトキソイド、破傷風トキソイド、百日せきワクチン、インフルエンザ菌ワクチン、髄膜炎菌ワクチン、経口ポリオワクチン、不活化ポリオワクチン、または肝炎ワクチンから選択される少なくとも一つの抗原である請求項17の混合ワクチン。
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| KR1020157035550A KR20160003301A (ko) | 2007-12-26 | 2008-12-26 | 안정하게 장기간 보존할 수 있는 일본뇌염 백신의 제조방법 및 그 백신의 용도 |
| JP2009547139A JP5580600B2 (ja) | 2007-12-26 | 2008-12-26 | 安定に長期間保存できる日本脳炎ワクチンの製法方法及び該ワクチンの用途 |
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| DE102013012455A1 (de) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-02-19 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur Inaktivierung von Viren unter Verwendung von Elektronenstrahlen |
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| WO2017009873A1 (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2017-01-19 | Bharat Biotech International Limited | Vaccine compositions |
| JP2018527317A (ja) * | 2015-07-16 | 2018-09-20 | バハラ バイオテック インターナショナル リミテッド | ワクチン組成物 |
| CN108601825A (zh) * | 2015-07-16 | 2018-09-28 | 巴拉特生物技术国际有限公司 | 疫苗组合物 |
| EP3322441A4 (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2018-12-19 | Bharat Biotech International Limited | Vaccine compositions |
| EA035921B1 (ru) * | 2015-07-16 | 2020-08-31 | Бхарат Байотек Интернэшнл Лимитед | Вакцинные композиции для профилактики арбовирусных инфекций |
| CN108601825B (zh) * | 2015-07-16 | 2023-06-20 | 巴拉特生物技术国际有限公司 | 疫苗组合物 |
| AU2022204267B2 (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2025-06-26 | Bharat Biotech International Limited | Vaccine compositions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR101623994B1 (ko) | 2016-05-24 |
| CN101969994A (zh) | 2011-02-09 |
| EP2233151A4 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
| KR20100109554A (ko) | 2010-10-08 |
| EP2233151A1 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
| US9453055B2 (en) | 2016-09-27 |
| AU2008342194B2 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
| MY173418A (en) | 2020-01-23 |
| EP2233151B1 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
| JP5580600B2 (ja) | 2014-08-27 |
| KR20160003301A (ko) | 2016-01-08 |
| US20110020393A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
| HK1153927A1 (zh) | 2012-04-13 |
| CN101969994B (zh) | 2016-08-31 |
| CA2710611C (en) | 2016-12-20 |
| JPWO2009082002A1 (ja) | 2011-05-06 |
| AU2008342194A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
| CA2710611A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
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