WO2009081883A1 - レーザドップラー血流測定方法及び装置 - Google Patents
レーザドップラー血流測定方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009081883A1 WO2009081883A1 PCT/JP2008/073245 JP2008073245W WO2009081883A1 WO 2009081883 A1 WO2009081883 A1 WO 2009081883A1 JP 2008073245 W JP2008073245 W JP 2008073245W WO 2009081883 A1 WO2009081883 A1 WO 2009081883A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
- A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
- A61B5/0285—Measuring or recording phase velocity of blood waves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/41—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the immune or lymphatic systems
- A61B5/411—Detecting or monitoring allergy or intolerance reactions to an allergenic agent or substance
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
- A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
- A61B5/0261—Measuring blood flow using optical means, e.g. infrared light
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- the present invention relates to a blood flow measurement method for measuring a blood flow state of a living body by a laser Doppler method and a blood flow measurement device used for the measurement.
- Data on human skin blood flow relate to the state of metabolic activity of skin tissue, the state of metabolism, the degree of aging, skin cancer, and various other skin conditions. It is important in judging the state of
- the first cause of death in Japanese is malignant neoplasm
- the second is heart disease
- the third is cerebrovascular disease
- the death from vascular lesions is almost the same rate as malignant neoplasm.
- three-dimensional mapping information of surrounding new blood vessels and blood flow information in the new blood vessels are important.
- vascular lesions have frequent occurrence sites, and spatiotemporal information such as blood flow velocity distribution in blood vessels is indispensable.
- Recent blood flow measurement methods include laser Doppler flow velocity measurement method, particle image flow velocity measurement method (PIV), micro PIV method, ultrasonic blood flow meter method, MRI and CT method, and a method by fusing with numerical simulation. is there.
- Experiments on living organisms include experiments in the body (In vivo) and experiments in the body (In vitro).
- PIV measurement for obtaining two-dimensional flow information is in vitro measurement.
- current MRI and CT performance has insufficient spatial and temporal resolution, it is difficult to obtain detailed hemodynamic information by in vivo measurement.
- the laser Doppler measurement method is widely used as a blood flow measurement method because it can continuously measure instantaneous values of blood flow velocity and / or blood flow without invading the skin.
- the blood flow measurement method using the laser Doppler method uses the monochromaticity and coherence of laser light. When laser light is irradiated to blood vessels in skin tissue, the light scattered by blood cells moving in the blood vessels causess a frequency shift due to the Doppler effect, and the blood flow rate is obtained based on the frequency shift amount.
- a sensor element in which a pair of an optical fiber for transmitting laser light incident on the skin surface from a light source and an optical fiber for receiving light scattered from the skin are provided. Some of them are embedded in a probe support member facing the skin.
- a laser irradiation method of this laser Doppler method a single beam method in which one beam is incident on a subject and a single beam are divided into two parallel lights and intersected by a lens or the like to measure an intersection (measurement). There is a two-beam method in which a point) is incident on the subject.
- a differential type method and a reference beam method as a two-beam type measurement method.
- the reference light method one laser beam is divided into two strong and weak beams, and interference between light shifted in frequency by the Doppler effect and light scattered by a stationary tissue is used. Since both of these scattered lights have a frequency difference of about several hundred Hz to several tens of Hz, interference between the two is detected as an electrical beat signal by a light receiving element such as a photodiode, and the detected frequency
- the intensity is a signal having a value corresponding to the speed and number of blood cells. Further, the values of these signals are integrated and converted into signals relating to the blood flow velocity and flow rate of the blood vessel to obtain the blood flow rate of the blood vessel.
- one laser beam is divided into two beams, the two beams are condensed and intersected, and interference of scattered light occurs depending on the direction of laser light irradiation at the intersecting position. .
- the interval between the interference fringes varies depending on the Doppler frequency shift amount of the scattered light by the blood cells as the observation particles, and this is observed to obtain the blood flow velocity.
- the differential method has an advantage that the scattered light can be collected by a wide light receiving aperture and a relatively strong signal intensity can be obtained.
- a sensor unit that includes a plurality of sensor elements that detect the surface blood flow of a subject and generate an output signal, and a predetermined output signal from the sensor element.
- a surface blood flow measuring device including a signal conversion unit that converts the measurement signal into a measurement signal and a display unit that displays the measurement signal as a measurement value.
- an output signal is emitted from each sensor element according to the surface blood flow of the subject, and is converted into a predetermined measurement signal by an output signal conversion unit.
- a plurality of sensor elements are provided in the sensor unit, a plurality of locations can be measured simultaneously or selectively at one measurement site. Furthermore, by averaging the fluctuations of each measurement value, calibration becomes possible and quantitative measurement can be performed.
- each light receiving unit receives scattered light from a subject and measures the blood flow in each light receiving unit, thereby simultaneously recording blood flows at different measurement depths.
- the laser light is converted into sheet light by a cylindrical lens, is incident on a mirror disposed at the focal position of the lens via the lens, and is reflected in the deflection direction of the mirror.
- a blood flow distribution measuring device that irradiates and measures a blood flow two-dimensionally.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 5 a laser Doppler capable of simultaneous multipoint measurement using a laser beam sheet light as a device for measuring the flow velocity of fluid in a non-living pipe or the like An anemometer was proposed.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-15501 JP-A-8-182658 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 7-100119 Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers Voi.39, No.3 (2003) 218-224 Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (Part B), Vol. 69, No. 677 (2003-1) 25-30 Experiments in Fluids24 (1998) 70-76 Experiments in Fluids 36 (2004) 274-281 SICE 2002 Aug. 5-7, 2002, Osaka, 2199-2204
- a conventional single-flux blood flow meter uses a single beam (about 1 mm in diameter) for incident laser light, and detects scattered light with a set of sensors.
- Some blood flowmeters may detect scattered light using a plurality of optical fibers, or may include a plurality of optical fibers for incident laser light and optical signal detection. It can be said that it is multipoint measurement by the combination of measurement. Therefore, the blood flow volume in a wide area cannot be obtained efficiently, and the resolution is low, and only a limited blood flow volume can be obtained.
- the blood flow imaging apparatus measures a blood flow distribution by scanning a laser beam.
- a blood flow imaging device using a two-beam blood flow meter measures one point with two light beams, and obtains a blood flow distribution by scanning the laser beam.
- the apparatus using the two-beam method can perform point measurement with high spatiotemporal resolution, it is difficult to measure multiple points at the same time. The error in speed is large, and in this case as well, a wide range of blood flow cannot be measured.
- the laser power in each sensor element is lowered, so that only the blood flow rate at a relatively shallow part of the skin surface can be measured. Furthermore, it is difficult to measure multiple points at the same time, and when the position of the blood vessel is shifted, the error in the measured average blood flow velocity increases.
- the measurement depth can be individually adjusted by changing the laser light output and the distance between the light transmitting optical fiber and the light receiving optical fiber on the skin contact surface of the sensor element, that is, the distance between the light transmitting part and the light receiving part. Although it can, it does not measure blood flow at various measurement depths simultaneously. Therefore, there is a problem that the blood flow distribution in the depth direction cannot be known, and the state analysis of the skin tissue cannot be performed accurately.
- the blood flow measuring devices disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 also use optical fibers, which are measurement methods based on single-point measurement and have the same problems as described above.
- the blood flow measuring device disclosed in Patent Document 3 is also not capable of detecting a three-dimensional blood vessel arrangement.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 5 know the position of the conduit and the direction of fluid flow in advance, and cannot detect the arrangement of capillaries in invisible places.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional background art, and a laser Doppler blood flow measurement method capable of performing multidimensional measurement efficiently with high measurement accuracy and a wide range by a simple optical system and apparatus, and An object is to provide an apparatus.
- the present invention divides a laser beam from a laser light source, makes each branched laser beam a sheet-like thin sheet light, crosses each other at a predetermined position in a living body, and the linear irradiation site where the sheet light intersects
- the Doppler frequency is formed by the blood flow of the blood vessel in the living body among the scattered light that is incident on a plurality of light receiving elements arranged linearly at the imaging position.
- the shifted scattered light is converted into an electric signal for each of the photoelectric conversion elements, and the laser light of the plurality of light receiving elements is shifted by a Doppler frequency and incident on the blood vessel in the living body depending on the position of the light receiving element.
- the position information is detected and the blood flow velocity in the blood vessel is calculated for each photoelectric conversion element by the Doppler frequency shift of the laser light due to the blood flow.
- the intersecting position of the sheet-like laser light is scanned in a direction intersecting with the longitudinal direction of the linear scattered light, and the blood vessel is detected for each photoelectric conversion element from the scanned linear scattered light.
- the blood flow inside is calculated
- the crossing position of the sheet-like laser light is scanned in a direction crossing the longitudinal direction of the linear scattered light, and the intravascular blood vessel is scanned for each photoelectric conversion element from the scanned linear scattered light.
- Blood flow velocity in each blood vessel or blood flow volume in a predetermined region in the living body is calculated based on the blood flow velocity at each of the obtained linear irradiation sites. is there.
- the scanning is performed in two directions orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the linear irradiation site, and the linear irradiation site is sequentially shifted in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction, so that a three-dimensional blood vessel in a predetermined region in the living body is obtained. It seeks the placement and makes it displayable. In addition, a three-dimensional blood flow state of the living tissue is calculated and displayed by the scanning.
- the present invention also includes a laser light source, a beam splitting device that splits the laser light from the laser light source, and a cylindrical optical system that converts the laser light split by the beam splitting device into a planar thin sheet light.
- a condensing optical system that intersects each sheet light with each other at a predetermined position in the living body, an imaging optical system that linearly forms an image of scattered light at a linear irradiation site where the sheet light intersects, and the imaging
- a plurality of light receiving elements arranged at an imaging position of the optical system, a photoelectric conversion element that converts the scattered light incident on the light receiving element into an electrical signal for each photoelectric conversion element, and blood flow in the living tissue.
- Blood flow calculation means for calculating the blood flow velocity at the linear irradiation site where the laser beam is shifted by the Doppler frequency for each photoelectric conversion element based on the electrical signal, and the intersection position of the sheet-like laser beam
- the linear A laser beam scanning unit that scans in a direction intersecting with the longitudinal direction of the projecting site, and calculates the blood vessel arrangement in the living body in the region scanned by the laser beam scanning unit based on the calculation by the blood flow calculation unit This is a laser Doppler blood flow measurement device.
- each blood flow rate and each blood vessel arrangement for each photoelectric conversion element obtained by the blood flow calculation unit is used to calculate each in-vivo body.
- a blood flow rate calculating means for calculating the blood flow rate of the blood vessel is provided.
- the imaging optical system is located on the same side as the condensing optical system with respect to the living tissue to be measured, and the condensing optical system is located between the branched sheet lights. Alternatively, the imaging optical system may be located on the opposite side of the condensing optical system across the living tissue to be measured.
- the light receiving element is a solid-state image pickup element in which the light receiving elements are integrally arranged on a plane.
- the laser Doppler blood flow measuring method and apparatus of the present invention it is possible to directly measure the blood flow velocity in the human body with high-order spatial resolution. Further, in a relatively thick blood vessel, it is possible to measure the blood flow velocity distribution and its time variation and to measure the blood flow velocity in the capillary. By scanning with laser light, it is possible to measure the effective inner diameter of a thick blood vessel, blood flow velocity distribution and its time fluctuation, and the average blood flow velocity of capillaries in a predetermined measurement range. The measurement result can be three-dimensionally mapped within a predetermined measurement range. In addition, there is no effect on blood flow due to contact, and it is suitable for measurement of inflammatory site, ear capillaries, aorta close to skin, blood flow of veins and blood flow distribution in blood vessels, and highly reproducible measurement results. can get.
- FIG. 1 It is the schematic which shows arrangement
- mapping figure which shows the blood vessel arrangement
- a laser Doppler blood flow measuring device 10 is a laser light source as shown in FIG.
- a semiconductor laser 12 such as a laser diode, and acoustooptic elements 14 and 15 for branching a continuous wave laser beam from the semiconductor laser 12 into two beams having slightly different frequencies are provided.
- the wavelength of the laser light is preferably about 750 to 1500 nm.
- a near infrared laser having a wavelength of 785 nm is used. This is because near infrared light has high transmittance into living tissue.
- the light emitting side of the acoustooptic device 15 includes a reflecting prism 16 that reflects the branched laser light in two directions, and reflecting mirrors 18 and 19 that reflect the laser light reflected by the reflecting prism 16 at a right angle. ing. Furthermore, rod lenses 20 and 21 provided at positions parallel to each other where the two laser beams reflected by the reflecting mirrors 18 and 19 enter are arranged. Each rod lens 20, 21 spreads the incident laser light and makes it incident on the flat portion 22 a of the first cylindrical lens 22.
- the first cylindrical lens 22 is positioned so that the flat portion 22 a faces the rod lenses 20 and 21, and the two incident laser beams are emitted from the cylindrical surface-shaped curved surface portion 22 b of the first cylindrical lens 22.
- the first cylindrical lens 22 is formed into two sheet-like sheet lights Ls that are parallel to the central axis of the cylinder and orthogonal to the plane portion 22a.
- the sheet light Ls further enters the flat portion 24a of the second cylindrical lens 24 that forms the condensing optical system.
- the flat surface portion 24 a of the second cylindrical lens 24 is positioned parallel to the same side as the flat surface portion 22 a of the first cylindrical lens 22, and is a cylindrical curved surface portion that is the other surface of the second cylindrical lens 24.
- 24b is arranged so that the central axes of the cylinders are orthogonal to each other in a twisted positional relationship with respect to the first cylindrical lens 22.
- the emitted light travels in the same optical path regardless of which of the plane portions 22a and 24a and the curved surface portions 22b and 24b is the incident surface.
- the surface of the optical system component used in this embodiment is coated with an antireflection film for this wavelength in order to suppress the attenuation of the wavelength of the laser beam used.
- the two sheet lights Ls incident on the second cylindrical lens 24 are refracted by the curved surface portion 24b and deflected so as to cross each other.
- the intersecting portion of the sheet light Ls is formed as a portion having a high light intensity in one line, and becomes a linear irradiation site Lx of the living tissue.
- Scattered light at the linear irradiation site Lx is converged by a lens system 30 that forms an imaging optical system as shown in FIG.
- the lens system 30 forms an image of the scattered light from the linear irradiation site Lx in a line shape along the linear irradiation site Lx on the end surface portion 32a of the optical fiber array 32 that is a light receiving element.
- each optical receptacle 40 is provided with the number of avalanche photodiodes 42 as photoelectric conversion elements, and converts the light guided by the optical fibers 34 into electric signals.
- the output of each avalanche photodiode 42 is input to each frequency filter 46 through each amplifier 44 provided for the number of optical fibers 34, and a signal of a predetermined frequency is A / D converted, so that the number of optical fibers 34 is obtained.
- a data recorder 48 provided only for each.
- the digital signal recorded in each data recorder 48 is input to the computer 50 via the USB connector, and a predetermined calculation analysis process is performed.
- the laser Doppler blood flow measurement method of this embodiment will be described below.
- the laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser 12 is modulated by the acoustooptic elements 14 and 15 and branched, and as shown in FIGS. While making it thin sheet light Ls, it cross
- FIG. In this state, the blood flow rate in the blood vessel 52 and, if necessary, the blood flow rate can be obtained from the blood flow rate with a spatial resolution determined by the magnification of the lens system 30 as an imaging optical system with the optical fiber 34 as a unit. it can.
- the magnification of the optical system is 1 using the optical fiber 34 having a diameter of 250 ⁇ m
- the spatial resolution is 250 ⁇ m.
- the intersecting portion of the sheet light Ls is formed as a single line having a high light intensity and becomes a linear irradiation site Lx of the living tissue.
- This linear portion Lx has interference fringes due to the phase difference of the incident wavefront of the laser light, and appears as interference fringes as shown in FIG.
- the Doppler frequency of the scattered light changes.
- the Doppler frequency of the scattered light changes due to the Doppler effect of the laser light scattered by the blood cells in the bloodstream irradiated with the sheet light Ls due to the flow velocity of the bloodstream. There is no change in the Doppler frequency of scattered light in a stationary tissue.
- Each scattered light at the linear irradiation site Lx is imaged at a point corresponding to each on the optical fiber array 32 by the lens system 30.
- the scattered light having the changed frequency is input to the avalanche photodiode 42 through the optical fiber 34 and detected as an electric beat signal.
- the detected frequency change and intensity are values corresponding to the velocity and number of blood cells. . This is calculated
- the input signal obtained by the avalanche photodiode 42 is data as shown in the graph (a) of FIG. 8, for example, and this data is A / D converted to a computer.
- the input digital signal is subjected to fast Fourier transform and further subjected to noise removal processing and the like to calculate a Doppler frequency.
- the Doppler frequency is obtained by the appearance of a peak at the Doppler frequency in the frequency spectrum of the detected signal.
- the blood cell velocity is calculated from the frequency, and the blood flow velocity is calculated because the blood cell velocity is the blood flow velocity.
- the modulation is applied by the acoustooptic device 14, the direction of blood flow can also be identified. However, when it is not necessary to identify the direction of flow, measurement is possible without frequency modulation by the acoustooptic device 14.
- the linear irradiation site Lx is scanned in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction thereof, and a flow rate is obtained for each optical fiber 34 at a predetermined sampling period, and a blood flow mapping within a predetermined plane is formed. The Further, this is scanned in another direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the linear irradiation site Lx, and three-dimensional blood flow velocity or blood flow volume can be mapped.
- the linear irradiation site Lx can be scanned by placing the living body on a table movable in the XYZ axis directions orthogonal to each other and moving in the three axis directions. It is.
- scanning can be performed by driving an optical system such as the cylindrical lenses 22 and 24. At this time, the crossing position of the sheet light Ls and the scanning direction thereof can be easily obtained by calculation for obtaining the intersection of the straight lines.
- a linear irradiation site Lx is formed in the tissue of the living body B, and the linear irradiation site Lx is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction.
- the linear irradiation site Lx is further translated by the irradiation length in the Y-axis direction, and scanning is similarly repeated.
- FIG. 9B a small distance is moved in the orthogonal Z-axis direction, scanning is performed in the same manner as described above, and this movement and scanning are repeated within a predetermined range.
- the three-dimensional blood vessel arrangement in the predetermined range of the living body B and the blood flow velocity or blood flow volume of the blood vessel can be obtained.
- the linear irradiation site Lx is parallel to the X-axis direction, and as shown in FIG. 9C, scanning is performed in the Y-axis direction and shifted in the X-axis direction. Then, it further moves in the Z-axis direction and repeats scanning.
- the inner diameter of the blood vessel 52 and the blood flow state of the capillary can be measured and three-dimensionally mapped.
- the spatial resolution in this case can be about several hundred microns. That is, since the inner diameter of the optical fiber 34 of the optical fiber lay 32 that receives the scattered light at the linear irradiation site Lx of the intersecting line of the sheet light Ls becomes spatial resolution, the diameter of the optical fiber 34 can be selected to be 0.1 mm. For example, if the resolution is 0.1 mm and the diameter of the optical fiber 34 is 0.25 mm, the resolution is 0.25 mm. Furthermore, higher resolution can be achieved in proportion to the magnification of the optical system.
- a three-dimensional mapping stereoscopic image of the blood flow of the capillary is obtained.
- the blood flow velocity distribution in an arbitrary blood vessel for example, the carotid artery
- spatiotemporal information of blood flow velocity distribution can be obtained.
- mapping information and blood flow velocity information of capillaries and new blood vessels that are three-dimensionally arranged can be obtained, and it is also possible to obtain information on the progress of cancer and the effectiveness of anticancer agents.
- the effective inner diameter of a thick blood vessel can be estimated.
- the same components as those of the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the laser light is branched by the beam splitter 54 to form the sheet light Ls.
- the sheet light Ls is transmitted through the thin living body B, and an image of scattered light transmitted through the linear irradiation site Lx is transmitted to the optical fiber array 32 via the lens system 30. It is incident.
- the degree of freedom of arrangement of the optical system is high, and an image can be easily obtained.
- a third embodiment of the laser Doppler blood flow measuring method and apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- the same components as those of the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- a cylindrical lens 22 that forms sheet light is disposed on the semiconductor laser 12 side with respect to the beam splitter 54.
- a cylindrical lens 56 is disposed in the imaging optical system, and an optical fiber ray 32 is disposed between the sheet lights Ls.
- the scattered light reflected by the linear irradiation site Lx is guided to the optical fiber ray 32, the imaging optical system is located between the sheet lights Ls, the arrangement of the optical system becomes compact, and the apparatus is It can be downsized.
- the laser Doppler blood flow measuring apparatus of this embodiment is an optical system similar to that shown in FIG. 11, and the cylindrical lens 22 that forms sheet light is placed on the side of the living body B to be measured with respect to the beam splitter 54. It is arranged. Further, a concave lens 58 that expands the laser light is disposed in front of the cylindrical lens 22, and the lens system 30 of the optical system for increasing the number of lenses is controlled by increasing the number of convex lenses.
- the laser Doppler blood flow measuring method and apparatus is not limited to the above embodiment, and the light receiving element and the photoelectric conversion element may be a solid-state imaging element such as a CCD, and the solid-state imaging element may be a line sensor or An image sensor can be used.
- the optical fiber can be appropriately selected from glass fiber, plastic fiber, and the like.
- the sheet light Ls by the laser beam is scanned, the linear irradiation site Lx of the sheet light Ls is transmitted through the thin living body B, the image is detected, and the in vivo tissue
- the blood flow rate was calculated and mapped.
- the Z-axis direction which is the depth direction of the living body B
- the mapping results are shown in FIGS. 13 (b) and 14 (b).
- the blood vessel position in the mapping region and the blood flow velocity are shown in each figure (b) for the blood flow of the blood vessels shown in each photograph (a) in FIGS.
- the sheet light Ls allows the blood flow velocity to pass through a thin living tissue, and the arrangement of blood vessels can also be confirmed.
- the arrangement of blood vessels can be visually recognized in three dimensions, and the blood vessel growth of cancer cell tissue can be reliably grasped. .
- the position of the blood vessel in each mapping region and the blood flow velocity are shown in FIGS. This shows that the three-dimensional blood vessel arrangement can be surely grasped also by the reflection type.
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Abstract
Description
12 半導体レーザ
14,15 音響光学素子
16 反射プリズム
18,19 反射鏡
20,21 ロッドレンズ
22,24 シリンドリカルレンズ
30 レンズ系
32 ファイバアレイ
34 光ファイバ
42 アバランシェフォトダイオード
Ls シート光
Lx 線状照射部位
Claims (10)
- レーザ光源からのレーザ光を分岐して、分岐された各レーザ光を面状の薄いシート光にして生体内の所定位置で互いに交差させ、
前記シート光が交差した線状照射部位での散乱光を線状に結像させて、
その結像位置で線状に配置された複数の受光素子に入射した前記各散乱光のうちの、前記生体内の血管の血流によりドップラー周波数シフトした散乱光を、複数の光電変素子により電気信号に変換し、
前記複数の受光素子のうちの、前記レーザ光がドップラー周波数シフトして入射した前記受光素子の位置により、前記生体内の血管の位置情報を検知するとともに、
前記血流による前記レーザ光のドップラー周波数シフトにより、前記血管内の血流速を前記光電変換素子毎に演算することを特徴とするレーザドップラー血流測定方法。 - 前記シート状のレーザ光の交差位置を、前記線状の散乱光の長手方向と交差する方向に走査して、走査された前記線状の散乱光から、前記光電変換素子毎に前記血管内の血流を求め、前記生体内の所定領域での血管の太さと配置を算出することを特徴とする請求項1記載のレーザドップラー血流測定方法。
- 前記シート状のレーザ光の交差位置を前記線状の散乱光の長手方向と交差する方向に走査して、走査された前記線状の散乱光から、前記光電変換素子毎に前記血管内の血流速を求め、求めた個々の前記線状照射部位での前記血流速を基にして、前記生体内の所定領域での血管毎の血流速または血流量を算出することを特徴とする請求項2記載のレーザドップラー血流測定方法。
- 前記走査は、前記線状照射部位の長手方向と直交する2方向に行い、前記線状照射部位を順次前記長手方向と平行な方向にずらして、前記生体内の所定領域での3次元的血管配置を求め、前記血管配置を表示可能にすることを特徴とする請求項3記載のレーザドップラー血流測定方法。
- 前記走査により、前記生体組織内の血管の3次元的血流状態を演算し、表示可能にすることを特徴とする請求項4記載のレーザドップラー血流測定方法。
- レーザ光源と、前記レーザ光源からのレーザ光を分岐するビーム分割装置と、前記ビーム分割装置により分岐されたレーザ光を面状の薄いシート光にする円筒光学系と、分岐した前記各シート光を生体内の所定位置で互いに交差させる集光光学系と、前記シート光が交差した線状照射部位での散乱光を直線状に結像させる結像光学系と、前記結像光学系の結像位置に配置された複数の受光素子と、前記受光素子に入射した前記散乱光を電気信号に変換する光電変換素子と、前記生体組織内の血流により前記レーザ光がドップラー周波数シフトした前記線状照射部位での血流速を、前記電気信号を基にして前記光電変換素子毎に演算する血流演算手段と、前記シート状のレーザ光の交差位置を前記線状照射部位の長手方向と交差する方向に走査するレーザ光走査手段とを備え、前記レーザ光走査手段により走査された領域の前記生体内の血管配置を、前記血流演算手段による演算を基に算出することを特徴とするレーザドップラー血流測定装置。
- 前記レーザ光走査手段により走査された所定の各位置での散乱光について、前記血流演算手段により求めた前記光電変換素子毎の各血流速と前記血管配置から、前記生体内の各血管の血流量を算出する血流量演算手段を設けたことを特徴とする請求項6記載のレーザドップラー血流測定装置。
- 前記結像光学系は、測定対象の生体組織に対して前記集光光学系と同じ側に位置し、分岐した前記各シート光の間に前記集光光学系が位置したことを特徴とする請求項6記載のレーザドップラー血流測定装置。
- 前記結像光学系は、測定対象の生体組織を挟んで前記集光光学系とは反対側に位置したことを特徴とする請求項6記載のレーザドップラー血流測定装置。
- 前記受光素子は、平面上に光電変換素子が一体的に配置された固体撮像素子から成ることを特徴とする請求項6記載のレーザドップラー血流測定装置。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US9031640B2 (en) | 2015-05-12 |
| US20100280398A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
| JP5234470B2 (ja) | 2013-07-10 |
| JPWO2009081883A1 (ja) | 2011-05-06 |
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