WO2009081762A1 - 窒化物系半導体発光ダイオード、窒化物系半導体レーザ素子およびそれらの製造方法ならびに窒化物系半導体層の形成方法 - Google Patents
窒化物系半導体発光ダイオード、窒化物系半導体レーザ素子およびそれらの製造方法ならびに窒化物系半導体層の形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
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- H01S5/32—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures
- H01S5/323—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
- H01S5/32308—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser emitting light at a wavelength less than 900 nm
- H01S5/32341—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser emitting light at a wavelength less than 900 nm blue laser based on GaN or GaP
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- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/185—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only horizontal cavities, e.g. horizontal cavity surface-emitting lasers [HCSEL]
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- H10H20/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10H20/011—Manufacture or treatment of bodies, e.g. forming semiconductor layers
- H10H20/013—Manufacture or treatment of bodies, e.g. forming semiconductor layers having light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials
- H10H20/0133—Manufacture or treatment of bodies, e.g. forming semiconductor layers having light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials with a substrate not being Group III-V materials
- H10H20/01335—Manufacture or treatment of bodies, e.g. forming semiconductor layers having light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials with a substrate not being Group III-V materials the light-emitting regions comprising nitride materials
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/0201—Separation of the wafer into individual elements, e.g. by dicing, cleaving, etching or directly during growth
- H01S5/0202—Cleaving
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/20—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers
- H01S5/22—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
- H01S5/223—Buried stripe structure
- H01S5/2231—Buried stripe structure with inner confining structure only between the active layer and the upper electrode
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/32—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures
- H01S5/3202—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures grown on specifically orientated substrates, or using orientation dependent growth
- H01S5/3203—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures grown on specifically orientated substrates, or using orientation dependent growth on non-planar substrates to create thickness or compositional variations
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
- H01S5/4025—Array arrangements, e.g. constituted by discrete laser diodes or laser bar
- H01S5/4031—Edge-emitting structures
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- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/81—Bodies
- H10H20/817—Bodies characterised by the crystal structures or orientations, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous
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- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/81—Bodies
- H10H20/819—Bodies characterised by their shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting diode, a nitride-based semiconductor laser device, a manufacturing method thereof, and a method of forming a nitride-based semiconductor layer.
- a light emitting diode (LED) made of a nitride material such as gallium nitride has been put into practical use.
- a light-emitting element formed on a polar surface ((0001) surface) of a GaN substrate takes into account that the light emission efficiency is lowered due to the influence of a large piezoelectric field, so that the non-polar surface (m-plane ( LED having a light emitting element layer formed on the 1-100) plane, a-plane (11-20) plane, etc., and a method for manufacturing the same have been proposed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 8-64912 and 2001-24222. ing.
- JP-A-8-64912 discloses a semiconductor light-emitting device (LED) having a light-emitting portion made of a nitride-based semiconductor layer on a sapphire substrate and a method for manufacturing the same.
- LED semiconductor light-emitting device
- the semiconductor light emitting device described in JP-A-8-64912 by forming a side surface ((0001) crystal plane) perpendicular to the main surface of the sapphire substrate by etching in the nitride-based semiconductor layer, Light that propagates in the light emitting portion in the lateral direction can also be extracted from the side surface of the nitride-based semiconductor layer.
- JP 2001-24222 A discloses a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device (LED) having a light-emitting layer made of a nitride-based semiconductor layer on a sapphire substrate and a method for manufacturing the same.
- LED nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device
- a plurality of recesses are formed by etching in the nitride-based semiconductor layer, so that light is emitted also from the side surfaces of the recesses of the nitride-based semiconductor layer. It is configured such that light propagating in the lateral direction inside the element can be extracted.
- the nitride semiconductor layer on the substrate is etched by the manufacturing process. This necessitates a step of forming a side surface or a plurality of recesses, which causes a problem that the manufacturing process becomes complicated. Further, since it is necessary to use dry etching in the step of forming the side surface for light extraction (see JP-A-8-64912) or a plurality of recesses (see JP-A-2001-24222), the light-emitting part ( It is considered that the light emitting layer) is easily damaged. In this case, there is also a problem that the light extraction efficiency from the light emitting layer is lowered.
- the nitride semiconductor layer is crystallized on the flat main surface of the sapphire substrate in the manufacturing process.
- the flatness of the upper surface (main surface) of the semiconductor layer is ensured to some extent in the process of crystal growth.
- the semiconductor light emitting device manufacturing process disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 8-64912 and 2001-24222 has a problem that it is difficult to further improve the flatness of the semiconductor layer.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and one object of the present invention is to suppress the complexity of the manufacturing process and improve the light extraction efficiency from the light emitting layer. It is also possible to provide a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting diode capable of improving the flatness of a semiconductor layer and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting diode according to the first aspect of the present invention is formed with a substrate having a recess formed on the main surface and a light-emitting layer on the main surface, starting from one inner surface of the recess (
- a nitride-based semiconductor comprising a first side surface comprising a (000-1) plane and a second side surface formed from the other inner side surface of the recess in a region opposite to the first side surface across the light emitting layer A layer.
- a nitride-based semiconductor laser device is formed on a main surface of a substrate and has a nitride-based semiconductor device layer having a light-emitting layer, and an end portion of the nitride-based semiconductor device layer having a light-emitting layer
- a method for forming a nitride-based semiconductor layer according to a third aspect of the present invention includes a step of forming a recess in a main surface of a substrate, and a (000-1) plane on the main surface starting from one inner surface of the recess. Forming a nitride-based semiconductor layer having a first side surface.
- a method for manufacturing a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting diode includes a step of forming a recess on a main surface of a substrate, a light-emitting layer on the main surface, and starting from one inner surface of the recess.
- a method for manufacturing a nitride-based semiconductor laser device includes a step of forming a first resonator end face at an end portion of a nitride-based semiconductor element layer having a light emitting layer while being formed on a main surface.
- a (000-1) plane extending at a predetermined angle with respect to the main surface in a region facing the end face of the first resonator, or a ⁇ A + B, A, -2A-B, 2A + B ⁇ plane (here A ⁇ 0 and B ⁇ 0, and at least one of A and B is an integer that is not 0), and a main surface at the end opposite to the first resonator end surface, Forming a second resonator end face extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a light-emitting diode chip according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view for explaining a manufacturing process for the light-emitting diode chip according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3;
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a manufacturing process of the light-emitting diode chip according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a manufacturing process of the light-emitting diode chip according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a light emitting diode chip according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a manufacturing process of the light-emitting diode chip according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view for explaining a manufacturing process for the light-emitting diode chip according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 7;
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a manufacturing process of the light-emitting diode chip according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a manufacturing process of the light-emitting diode chip according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 7. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the structure of the light emitting diode chip by 3rd Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 12 is a plan view for explaining a manufacturing process for the light-emitting diode chip according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 11;
- FIG. 12 is a plan view for explaining a manufacturing process for the light-emitting diode chip according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 11;
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a light emitting diode chip according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a plan view for explaining a manufacturing process for the light-emitting diode chip according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 11;
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a light emitting diode chip according to a
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a manufacturing process of the light-emitting diode chip according to the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 14. It is the microscope picture which observed the mode of crystal growth of the nitride-type semiconductor layer on the n-type GaN substrate in the manufacturing process of 4th Embodiment shown in FIG. 14 using the scanning electron microscope. It is the microscope picture which observed the mode of crystal growth of the nitride-type semiconductor layer on the n-type GaN substrate in the manufacturing process of 4th Embodiment shown in FIG. 14 using the scanning electron microscope.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a light emitting diode chip according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a surface-emitting nitride-based semiconductor laser device according to the sixth embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a surface-emitting nitride-based semiconductor laser device according to the sixth embodiment shown in FIG.
- It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing process of the surface emitting nitride-based semiconductor laser element by 6th Embodiment shown in FIG.
- It is a top view for demonstrating the manufacturing process of the surface emitting type nitride-based semiconductor laser element by 6th Embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a manufacturing process for the surface emitting nitride-based semiconductor laser device according to the modification of the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 31.
- FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the manufacturing process of the surface emitting nitride-based semiconductor laser device according to the ninth embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the manufacturing process of the surface emitting nitride-based semiconductor laser device according to the ninth embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the nitride-based semiconductor laser device shown in FIG. 38.
- FIG. 39 is a cross sectional view for illustrating the manufacturing process for the nitride-based semiconductor laser device according to the twelfth embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIG. 39 is a cross sectional view for illustrating the manufacturing process for the nitride-based semiconductor laser device according to the twelfth embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIG. 39 is a cross sectional view for illustrating the manufacturing process for the nitride-based semiconductor laser device according to the twelfth embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIG. 44 is a cross sectional view for illustrating the manufacturing process for the nitride-based semiconductor laser device according to the thirteenth embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIG. 44 is a plan view for explaining the manufacturing process for the nitride-based semiconductor laser device according to the modification of the thirteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 43.
- FIG. 46 is a plan view for illustrating the manufacturing process for the nitride-based semiconductor laser device according to the modification of the thirteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 45. It is the perspective view which showed the structure of the nitride-type semiconductor laser element formed using the formation method by 14th Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 44 is a cross sectional view for illustrating the manufacturing process for the nitride-based semiconductor laser device according to the thirteenth embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIG. 44 is a plan view for explaining the manufacturing process for the nitride-based semiconductor laser device according to the modification of the thirteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 43.
- FIG. 46 is a plan view for
- FIG. 48 is a cross-sectional view taken along the cavity direction of the semiconductor laser device, for illustrating the structure of the nitride-based semiconductor laser device shown in FIG. 47.
- FIG. 48 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the manufacturing process for the nitride-based semiconductor laser device according to the fourteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 47.
- FIG. 48 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the manufacturing process for the nitride-based semiconductor laser device according to the fourteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 47. It is sectional drawing which showed the structure of the nitride type semiconductor laser element formed using the formation method by 15th Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 48 is a cross-sectional view taken along the cavity direction of the semiconductor laser device, for illustrating the structure of the nitride-based semiconductor laser device shown in FIG. 47.
- FIG. 48 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the manufacturing process for the nitride-based semiconductor laser device according to the fourteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 47.
- FIG. 52 is a cross sectional view for illustrating the manufacturing process for the nitride-based semiconductor laser device according to the fifteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 51.
- FIG. 52 is a cross sectional view for illustrating the manufacturing process for the nitride-based semiconductor laser device according to the fifteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 51. It is sectional drawing which showed the structure of the nitride type semiconductor laser element formed using the formation method by 16th Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 55 is a cross sectional view for illustrating the manufacturing process for the nitride-based semiconductor laser device according to the sixteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 54. It is sectional drawing which showed the structure of the light emitting diode chip formed using the formation method by 17th Embodiment of this invention.
- the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting diode is formed with a substrate having a recess formed on the main surface and a light-emitting layer on the main surface and starting from one inner surface of the recess (000 -1) a nitride-based semiconductor layer including a first side surface comprising a surface and a second side surface formed from the other inner side surface of the recess in a region opposite to the first side surface across the light emitting layer With.
- the substrate is formed with the concave portion formed on the main surface, and the inner surface of one of the concave portions is formed on the main surface of the substrate (000).
- a nitride-based semiconductor layer including a first side surface composed of a surface and a second side surface formed with the other inner surface of the recess as a starting point. A first side surface and a second side surface starting from the inner side surface of the recess formed in advance are formed.
- the etching processing is performed. Since it is not necessary, it is possible to prevent the manufacturing process of the nitride semiconductor light emitting diode from becoming complicated. Further, since the first side surface and the second side surface of the nitride-based semiconductor layer are not formed by dry etching or the like, the light emitting layer or the like is hardly damaged in the manufacturing process. Thereby, the extraction efficiency of light from the light emitting layer can be improved.
- the growth rate of the first side surface starting from one inner side surface of the recess and the second side surface starting from the other inner side surface of the recess is slower than the growth rate at which the surface) grows.
- the upper surface (main surface) of the substrate grows while maintaining flatness.
- the flatness of the surface of the semiconductor layer having the light emitting layer can be further improved as compared with the growth layer surface of the nitride-based semiconductor layer in the case where the end surface composed of the first side surface and the second side surface is not formed. it can.
- the reason for this is considered as follows.
- a surface with a slow growth rate such as the (000-1) surface has a low surface energy
- an example of a surface with a high growth rate, such as the (1-100) surface is considered to have a large surface energy. Since the surface during crystal growth is more stable when the surface energy is smaller, the surface energy is smaller than that of the (1-100) plane when performing crystal growth using only the (1-100) plane as the growth plane.
- one inner surface includes a (000-1) surface.
- the nitride-based semiconductor layer having the first side surface made of the (000-1) plane is formed on the main surface of the substrate, one of the recesses made of the (000-1) plane is formed. Since the (000-1) plane of the nitride-based semiconductor layer is formed so as to take over the side surface, the first side surface composed of the (000-1) plane can be easily formed on the substrate.
- the first side surface and the second side surface are made of crystal growth facets of the nitride semiconductor layer. If comprised in this way, two types of facets (end surface) of the said 1st side surface and the 2nd side surface can each be formed simultaneously with the crystal growth of a nitride-type semiconductor layer.
- the crystal growth facet includes not only a facet formed by growing in the normal direction of the facet but also a facet that appears during crystal growth.
- the second side surface is a ⁇ A + B, A, ⁇ 2A ⁇ B, 2A + B ⁇ plane (where A ⁇ 0 and B ⁇ 0, And an integer in which at least one of A and B is not 0).
- the surface (main surface) of the growth layer of the nitride-based semiconductor layer in the case where the side surface (end surface) not corresponding to the ⁇ A + B, A, ⁇ 2A ⁇ B, 2A + B ⁇ surface is formed on the substrate
- the surface (upper surface) of the growth layer in the case where the second side surface composed of the ⁇ A + B, AB, -2A, 2A + B ⁇ plane is formed on the substrate can be formed so as to ensure flatness. it can.
- the ⁇ A + B, A, -2A-B, 2A + B ⁇ plane has a slower growth rate than the main surface of the nitride-based semiconductor layer, so that the second side surface can be easily formed by crystal growth.
- the substrate is made of a nitride semiconductor.
- the first side surface including the (000-1) plane and ⁇ A + B, A, ⁇ 2A ⁇ B are obtained by utilizing the crystal growth of the nitride-based semiconductor layer on the nitride-based semiconductor substrate.
- a nitride-based semiconductor layer having a second side surface composed of a 2A + B ⁇ plane can be easily formed.
- the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting diode preferably, at least one of the first side surface and the second side surface is formed to make an obtuse angle with respect to the main surface. If comprised in this way, the area
- the substrate includes a base substrate and a base layer formed on the base substrate and made of AlGaN, and the lattice constant of the base substrate and the base layer , C 1 and c 2 , respectively, there is a relationship of c 1 > c 2 , and the first side surface and the second side surface are substantially on the (0001) plane and the main surface of the underlayer, respectively. It is formed starting from the inner surface of the crack formed to extend in parallel.
- the lattice constant c 2 of the base layer is smaller than the lattice constant c 1 of the base substrate (c 1 > c 2 ). tensile stress is caused inside the underlayer in response to the lattice constant c 1 on the substrate side.
- the thickness of the underlayer is equal to or greater than a predetermined thickness, the underlayer cannot withstand this tensile stress and cracks are formed in the underlayer.
- the inner side surface (the inner side surface of one of the recesses) composed of the (000-1) surface that serves as a reference for forming the first side surface ((000-1) surface) of the nitride-based semiconductor layer on the underlayer is formed. Can be easily formed on the underlayer.
- a nitride-based semiconductor laser device is formed on the main surface of the substrate, and includes a nitride-based semiconductor device layer having a light-emitting layer, and an end portion of the nitride-based semiconductor device layer having a light-emitting layer.
- the nitride-based semiconductor laser device is formed in a region facing the end face of the first resonator and extends at least at a predetermined angle with respect to the main surface (000-1).
- the reflecting facet having the above surface orientation has flatness, so that it is emitted from the end face of the first resonator, for example.
- the emitted laser light can be emitted to the outside by uniformly changing the emission direction without causing scattering on the reflecting surface. As a result, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the light emission efficiency of the semiconductor laser element.
- the substrate has a recess formed in the main surface, and the reflection surface is formed from the inner surface of the recess as a starting point. It consists of a crystal growth facet of a semiconductor element layer.
- the inner surface of the recess is larger than the growth rate at which the upper surface of the growth layer (the main surface of the nitride-based semiconductor device layer) grows when the nitride-based semiconductor device layer grows on the substrate. Since the growth rate at which the reflecting surface composed of facets starting from is formed is slow, the upper surface (main surface) of the growth layer grows while maintaining flatness.
- the flatness of the surface (main surface) of the semiconductor layer having the light emitting layer can be further improved as compared with the growth layer surface of the nitride-based semiconductor element layer in the case where the recess is not previously formed in the substrate. .
- the second resonator is preferably formed at an end opposite to the first resonator end face and extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the main surface. An end face is further provided. If comprised in this way, the nitride type
- the substrate is preferably made of a nitride semiconductor.
- the (000-1) plane or the ⁇ A + B, A, -2A-B, 2A + B ⁇ plane is obtained by utilizing the crystal growth of the nitride-based semiconductor element layer on the nitride-based semiconductor substrate.
- a nitride-based semiconductor element layer having a first resonator end face made of can be easily formed.
- the laser light emitted from the end face of the first resonator crosses the emission direction of the laser light from the light emitting layer by the reflecting surface.
- the emission direction is changed and the laser beam is incident on a monitoring optical sensor.
- the facet formed at the time of crystal growth is used to monitor laser light (laser light intensity of the edge-emitting laser element) in which light scattering is suppressed by a reflective surface having good flatness. Sample light) can be guided to the optical sensor, so that the laser light intensity can be measured more accurately.
- the laser light emitted from the end face of the first resonator crosses the emission direction of the laser light from the light emitting layer by the reflecting surface.
- This is a surface-emitting laser configured to change the emission direction.
- a method for forming a nitride-based semiconductor layer according to a third embodiment includes a step of forming a recess in the main surface of a substrate, and a (000-1) plane on the main surface starting from one inner surface of the recess. Forming a nitride-based semiconductor layer having a first side surface.
- the step of forming a recess on the main surface of the substrate and the (000-1) plane starting from one inner surface of the recess Forming a nitride-based semiconductor layer having a first side surface, so that when the nitride-based semiconductor layer is crystal-grown on the substrate, the upper surface of the growth layer (the main surface of the nitride-based semiconductor layer) is Since the growth rate at which the (000-1) plane starting from one inner side surface of the recess is formed is slower than the growth rate for growth, the upper surface (main surface) of the growth layer grows while maintaining flatness.
- the flatness of the surface of the semiconductor layer having the light emitting element layer can be further improved as compared with the growth layer surface of the nitride-based semiconductor layer when the (000-1) end face is not formed. Further, by providing a step of forming a nitride-based semiconductor layer having a first side surface composed of (000-1) planes starting from one inner side surface of the recess, not only the upper surface of the growth layer but also the first side surface is provided. It can be formed as a flat end face made of a (000-1) plane.
- a nitride-based semiconductor layer having a resonator end face composed of a (000-1) plane without using a cleavage step. (Light emitting layer) can be formed.
- a laser element comprising a nitride-based semiconductor layer on a substrate having a main surface having an m-plane ((1-100) plane) or a-plane ((11-20) plane)
- a laser element When applied to the formation of a layer, it extends in a direction perpendicular to the [0001] direction when the gain of the semiconductor laser is improved by forming a waveguide along the [0001] direction of the nitride-based semiconductor layer.
- the end face of the (000-1) plane of the pair of resonator end faces (combination of (0001) plane and (000-1) plane) can be easily formed by utilizing the crystal growth of the nitride-based semiconductor layer. it can.
- the step of forming the nitride-based semiconductor layer starts from the other inner side surface of the recess in a region facing the first side surface.
- Forming a nitride-based semiconductor layer having a second side surface when the nitride-based semiconductor layer is crystal-grown on the substrate, the other inner surface of the concave portion is faster than the growth rate at which the upper surface of the growth layer (main surface of the nitride-based semiconductor layer) grows Since the growth rate at which the second side surface is formed starting from is slow, the upper surface (main surface) of the growth layer grows while maintaining flatness.
- a semiconductor layer (light emitting layer) can be formed.
- one inner side surface of the recess includes the (000-1) surface.
- one inner side surface of the recess includes the (000-1) surface.
- the first side surface and the second side surface are preferably crystal growth of the nitride-based semiconductor layer. Consists of facets. If comprised in this way, two types of facets (end surface) of the said 1st side surface and the 2nd side surface can each be formed simultaneously with the crystal growth of a nitride-type semiconductor layer.
- the second side surface is preferably ⁇ A + B, A, ⁇ 2A ⁇ B, 2A + B ⁇ .
- a plane here, A ⁇ 0 and B ⁇ 0, and at least one of A and B is not 0).
- the surface (main surface) of the growth layer of the nitride-based semiconductor layer in the case where the side surface (end surface) not corresponding to the ⁇ A + B, A, ⁇ 2A ⁇ B, 2A + B ⁇ surface is formed on the substrate
- the surface (upper surface) of the growth layer in the case where the second side surface composed of the ⁇ A + B, A, ⁇ 2A ⁇ B, 2A + B ⁇ plane is formed on the substrate can be formed so as to ensure flatness. it can.
- the ⁇ A + B, A, -2A-B, 2A + B ⁇ plane has a slower growth rate than the main surface of the nitride-based semiconductor layer, so that the second side surface can be easily formed by crystal growth.
- the substrate is made of a nitride semiconductor.
- the first side surface including the (000-1) plane and ⁇ A + B, A, ⁇ 2A ⁇ B are obtained by utilizing the crystal growth of the nitride-based semiconductor layer on the nitride-based semiconductor substrate.
- a nitride-based semiconductor layer having a second side surface composed of a 2A + B ⁇ plane can be easily formed.
- either the first side surface or the second side surface is substantially the same as the main surface. It is vertical. If comprised in this way, the nitride type semiconductor layer (light emitting layer) which has a resonator end surface which consists of any one of a 1st side surface or a 2nd side surface can be easily formed, without using a cleavage process.
- a nitride-based semiconductor layer having a second side surface in a region facing the first side surface preferably at least one of the first side surface and the second side surface is a nitride-based semiconductor layer It is formed so as to form an obtuse angle with respect to the main surface. If comprised in this way, when carrying out crystal growth of the nitride-type semiconductor layer on a board
- the substrate includes a base substrate and a base layer formed on the base substrate and made of AlGaN.
- the lattice constants are c 1 and c 2 , respectively, the relationship is c 1 > c 2 .
- the lattice constant c 2 of the base layer is smaller than the lattice constant c 1 of the base substrate (c 1 > c 2 ). tensile stress is caused inside the underlayer in response to the lattice constant c 1 on the substrate side.
- the inner side surface (the inner side surface of one of the recesses) composed of the (000-1) surface that serves as a reference for forming the first side surface ((000-1) surface) of the nitride-based semiconductor layer on the underlayer is formed. Can be easily formed on the underlayer.
- a method for manufacturing a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting diode includes a step of forming a recess on the main surface of the substrate, a light-emitting layer on the main surface, and starting from one inner surface of the recess.
- the step of forming a recess on the main surface of the substrate and the inner surface of one of the recesses on the main surface as a starting point (000 -1) including a step of forming a nitride-based semiconductor layer by including a first side surface composed of a surface and a second side surface starting from the other inner surface of the recess, the nitride-based semiconductor layer Are formed with the first side surface and the second side surface starting from the inner side surface of the recess formed in advance on the substrate.
- the first side surface or the second side surface is formed by etching on a nitride semiconductor layer stacked on a flat substrate having no recesses or the like in the manufacturing process. Therefore, the complexity of the manufacturing process of the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting diode can be suppressed. Further, since the first side surface and the second side surface of the nitride-based semiconductor layer are not formed by dry etching or the like, the light emitting layer or the like is hardly damaged in the manufacturing process. Thereby, the extraction efficiency of light from the light emitting layer can be improved.
- the upper surface (main surface) of the layer grows while maintaining flatness.
- the flatness of the surface of the semiconductor layer having the light emitting layer can be further improved as compared with the growth layer surface of the nitride-based semiconductor layer in the case where the end surface composed of the first side surface and the second side surface is not formed. it can.
- a method for manufacturing a nitride-based semiconductor laser device includes a step of forming a first resonator end face on an end portion of a nitride-based semiconductor device layer having a light emitting layer while being formed on a main surface.
- a (000-1) plane extending at a predetermined angle with respect to the main surface in a region facing the end face of the first resonator, or a ⁇ A + B, A, -2A-B, 2A + B ⁇ plane (here A ⁇ 0 and B ⁇ 0, and at least one of A and B is an integer that is not 0), and a main surface at the end opposite to the first resonator end surface, Forming a second resonator end face extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface.
- the reflecting facet having the above surface orientation can have good flatness.
- the laser light emitted from the end face of the first resonator can be emitted to the outside by uniformly changing the emission direction without causing scattering on the reflection surface, so that a decrease in light emission efficiency is suppressed.
- a semiconductor laser element can be formed.
- a reflective surface that is inclined with respect to the end face of the first resonator is formed simultaneously with the crystal growth of the nitride-based semiconductor element layer, after the flat semiconductor element layer is grown on the substrate, resonance occurs, for example, by ion beam etching.
- a reflective facet inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the end face of the vessel for example, the light exit surface side
- the step of forming the first resonator end surface and the step of forming the second resonator end surface include the step of forming the nitride-based semiconductor element layer. Forming at least one of the first resonator end surface and the second resonator end surface by crystal growth, and forming at least one of the first resonator end surface and the second resonator end surface by etching. Including.
- a resonator end face (first resonator end face or second resonator end face) can be easily formed at the end of the region including the light emitting layer of the semiconductor element layer. Further, by controlling the crystal growth and etching conditions, it is possible to easily form a resonator end face (first resonator end face or second resonator end face) extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the main surface. .
- the light emitting diode chip 10 has a light emitting layer 2 formed on a first semiconductor 1.
- a second semiconductor 3 is formed on the light emitting layer 2.
- a first electrode 4 is formed on the lower surface of the first semiconductor 1, and a second electrode 5 is formed on the second semiconductor 3.
- the first semiconductor 1 is an example of the “substrate” and “nitride-based semiconductor layer” of the present invention, and the light-emitting layer 2 and the second semiconductor 3 are respectively the “nitride-based semiconductor layer” of the present invention. It is an example.
- a light emitting layer 2 having a band gap smaller than the band gap of the first semiconductor 1 and the second semiconductor 3 is formed between the first semiconductor 1 and the second semiconductor 3 to form a double heterostructure.
- the structure it is possible to easily confine carriers in the light emitting layer 2 and to improve the light emission efficiency of the light emitting diode chip 10.
- the light emitting layer 2 have a single quantum well (SQW) structure or a multiple quantum well (MQW) structure, the light emission efficiency can be further improved.
- SQW single quantum well
- MQW multiple quantum well
- the light emitting layer 2 may be undoped or doped.
- the first semiconductor 1 may be constituted by a substrate or a semiconductor layer, or may be constituted by both the substrate and the semiconductor layer. Moreover, when the 1st semiconductor 1 is comprised by both a board
- the substrate may be a growth substrate or may be used as a support substrate for supporting the semiconductor layer on the growth surface (main surface) of the semiconductor layer after the semiconductor layer is grown.
- a GaN substrate or an ⁇ -SiC substrate can be used as the substrate.
- a nitride-based semiconductor layer having the same main surface as the substrate is formed on the GaN substrate and the ⁇ -SiC substrate.
- nitride-based semiconductor layers having a-plane and m-plane as main surfaces are formed on the a-plane and m-plane of the ⁇ -SiC substrate, respectively.
- an r-plane sapphire substrate on which a nitride semiconductor having an a-plane as a main surface is formed may be used as the substrate.
- a LiAlO 2 substrate or a LiGaO 2 substrate on which a nitride-based semiconductor layer having a-plane and m-plane as main surfaces is formed can be used as the substrate.
- the first semiconductor 1 and the second semiconductor 3 have different conductivity.
- the first semiconductor 1 may be p-type and the second semiconductor 3 may be n-type, or the first semiconductor 1 may be n-type and the second semiconductor 3 may be p-type.
- the first semiconductor 1 and the second semiconductor 3 may include a cladding layer having a band gap larger than that of the light emitting layer 2. Further, the first semiconductor 1 and the second semiconductor 3 may each include a clad layer and a contact layer in order from the light emitting layer 2. In this case, the contact layer preferably has a smaller band gap than the cladding layer.
- GaInN can be used as the well layer
- AlGaN, GaN, and GaInN having a larger band gap than the well layer can be used as the barrier layer.
- GaN and AlGaN can be used for the cladding layer and the contact layer.
- the second electrode 5 may be formed in a partial region on the second semiconductor 3.
- the electrode in this case, the second electrode 5 formed on the light emission side (upper surface) preferably has translucency.
- the normal directions of the main surface 6a of the substrate 6 are lines 600 ([C + D, C, ⁇ 2C ⁇ D] connecting the [11-20] direction and the [10-10] direction, respectively. , 0] direction (C ⁇ 0 and D ⁇ 0, and at least one of C and D is not 0)) and [11-20] direction and substantially [11-2-5] Line 700 ([1, 1, -2, -E] direction (0 ⁇ E ⁇ 5)) and a line connecting [10-10] direction and approximately [10-1-4] direction 800 ([1, ⁇ 1, 0, ⁇ F] direction (0 ⁇ F ⁇ 4)) and a line 900 (approximately connecting the [11-2-5] direction and the [10-1-4] direction) [G + H, G, -2G-H, -5G-4H] direction (G ⁇ 0 and H ⁇ 0, and at least one of G and H is not 0) )) In the range (hatched region by hatching) enclosed by.
- the light-emitting diode chip 30 is made of a nitride semiconductor having a wurtzite structure having an a-plane ((11-20) plane) as a main surface.
- the shape of the light-emitting diode chip 30 has a square shape, a rectangular shape, a rhombus shape, a parallelogram shape, or the like when viewed in plan (viewed from the upper surface side of the light-emitting diode chip 30).
- a light emitting element layer 12 is formed on an n-type GaN substrate 11 having a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m.
- the light emitting element layer 12 includes an n-type cladding layer 13 made of n-type Al 0.03 Ga 0.97 N having a thickness of about 0.5 ⁇ m, and Ga 0.7 In 0.
- a p-type cladding layer 15 that also serves as a p-type contact layer made of p-type GaN having a thickness of about 0.2 ⁇ m is formed on the light emitting layer 14.
- the n-type GaN substrate 11 is an example of the “substrate” in the present invention, and the light-emitting element layer 12, the n-type cladding layer 13, the light-emitting layer 14, and the p-type cladding layer 15 are each a “nitride” in the present invention. It is an example of a “system semiconductor layer”.
- the recess 20 is formed by the facet 12b formed at the time of crystal growth comprising a plane.
- the facet 12a is an example of the “first side face” and “crystal growth facet” of the present invention
- the facet 12b is an example of the “second side face” and “crystal growth facet” of the present invention.
- the facet 12a is formed on the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 11 so as to take over the inner side surface 21a composed of the (000-1) plane of the groove portion 21 formed in advance on the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 11 during the manufacturing process described later. It is formed to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface ([11-20] direction).
- the facet 12b is formed of an inclined surface starting from the inner side surface 21b of the groove portion 21, and is formed to make an obtuse angle with respect to the upper surface (main surface) of the light emitting element layer 12.
- the groove portion 21 and the inner side surface 21a are examples of the “recessed portion” and “one inner side surface of the recessed portion” of the present invention, respectively. In FIG. 3, for the sake of illustration, the reference numerals of the inner side surface 21 a and the inner side surface 21 b are shown only in some of the groove portions 21 in the drawing.
- An n-side electrode 16 is formed on the lower surface of the n-type GaN substrate 11.
- an insulating film 22 such as SiO 2 that is transparent to the emission wavelength is formed in the recess 20, and a translucent p-side electrode 17 is provided so as to cover the insulating film 22 and the p-type cladding layer 15. Is formed.
- a width of about 5 ⁇ m in the [0001] direction (A direction) is formed on the main surface composed of the a-plane ((11-20) plane) of the n-type GaN substrate 11.
- a plurality of grooves 21 having W1 and a depth of about 2 ⁇ m and extending in the [1-100] direction (B direction) are formed.
- a thick hatched portion is a region etched as the groove portion 21.
- the groove portion 21 is made of a (000-1) plane substantially perpendicular to the (11-20) plane of the n-type GaN substrate 11.
- An inner side surface 21a and an inner side surface 21b made of a (0001) plane substantially perpendicular to the (11-20) plane of the n-type GaN substrate 11 are formed.
- the inner surface 21b is an example of the “other inner surface of the recess” in the present invention.
- an n-type cladding layer 13, a light emitting layer 14, a p-type cladding layer 15, and the like are sequentially stacked on the n-type GaN substrate 11 having the groove 21 by using a metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method. Then, the light emitting element layer 12 is formed.
- MOCVD metal organic chemical vapor deposition
- the (000-1) plane of the groove portion 21 extending in the [1-100] direction.
- the light emitting element layer 12 is formed by forming a (000-1) facet 12a extending in the [11-20] direction (C2 direction) so as to take over the (000-1) plane of the groove 21. grow up.
- the light emitting element layer 12 is inclined in a predetermined angle with respect to the [11-20] direction (C2 direction).
- the crystal grows while forming the (11-22) facet 12b extending in the direction. Thereby, the facet 12b is formed so as to form an obtuse angle with respect to the upper surface (main surface) of the light emitting element layer 12.
- the recess 20 (the region above the groove 21 including the groove 21) sandwiched between the (000-1) facet 12a and the (11-22) facet 12b of the light emitting element layer 12 is filled.
- An insulating film 22 is formed.
- the p-side electrode 17 is formed on the upper surfaces of the insulating film 22 and the light emitting element layer 12, and the n-side electrode 16 is formed on the lower surface of the n-type GaN substrate 11. In this way, the light emitting diode chip 30 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is formed.
- the n-type GaN substrate 11 having the groove portion 21 formed on the main surface and the inner surface 21a of the groove portion 21 are formed on the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 11 as a starting point ( 000-1)
- the light emitting element layer 12 including the facet 12a and the facet 12b formed from the inner side surface 21b of the groove 21 is provided on the n-type GaN substrate 11 in advance. Facet 12a and facet 12b are formed starting from inner side surfaces 21a and 21b of groove 21 formed.
- the facet 12a or the facet 12b as described above is formed by etching on a nitride-based semiconductor layer laminated on a flat substrate having no recesses, an etching process is required in the manufacturing process. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the manufacturing process of the light emitting diode chip 30 from becoming complicated. Further, since the facet 12a and the facet 12b of the light emitting element layer 12 are not formed by dry etching or the like, the light emitting layer 14 and the like are hardly damaged in the manufacturing process. Thereby, the extraction efficiency of the light from the light emitting layer 14 can be improved.
- the n-type GaN substrate 11 having the groove 21 formed on the main surface, and the inner surface 21a of the groove 21 are formed on the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 11 (000-1).
- the light emitting element layer 12 includes the facet 12a and the light emitting element layer 12 including the facet 12b formed from the inner side surface 21b of the groove portion 21, the light emitting element layer 12 is crystal-grown on the n-type GaN substrate 11.
- the facet 12a starting from the inner surface 21a of the groove 21 and the facet 12b starting from the inner surface 21b of the groove 21 are formed at a speed higher than the growth rate at which the upper surface of the growth layer (the main surface of the light emitting element layer 12) grows.
- the upper surface (main surface) of the growth layer grows while maintaining flatness.
- the flatness of the surface (upper surface) of the light emitting element layer 12 having the light emitting layer 14 is further improved as compared with the growth layer surface of the light emitting element layer when the end face made of the facet 12a and the facet 12b is not formed. be able to.
- the inner surface 21a of the groove portion 21 is formed of the (000-1) plane, so that the (000-1) facet 12a is provided on the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 11.
- the (000-1) plane of the light emitting element layer 12 is formed so as to take over the (000-1) plane of the inner side surface 21a of the groove portion 21, the (000-1) facet 12a is formed. Can be easily formed on the n-type GaN substrate 11.
- the facet 12a and the facet 12b of the light emitting element layer 12 are constituted by facets formed during crystal growth of the light emitting element layer 12, so that the facets 12a and 12b Two types of facets (end faces) can be formed simultaneously with the crystal growth of the light emitting element layer 12.
- the facet 12b is configured to have the (11-22) plane, whereby a side surface having a plane orientation greatly different from the (11-22) plane is formed on the n-type GaN substrate 11.
- the surface (upper surface) of the growth layer when the (11-22) facet 12b is formed on the n-type GaN substrate 11 is surely flat. Can be formed.
- the facet 12b since the facet 12b has a growth rate slower than that of the main surface of the light emitting element layer 12, the facet 12b can be easily formed by crystal growth.
- the light emitting element layer is formed on the n-type GaN substrate 11 made of a nitride semiconductor by configuring the substrate to be an n-type GaN substrate 11 made of a nitride semiconductor such as GaN.
- the light emitting element layer 12 having the (000-1) facet 12a and the (11-22) facet 12b can be easily formed.
- the facet 12b of the light emitting element layer 12 is formed so as to form an obtuse angle with respect to the main surface ((11-20) plane) of the light emitting element layer 12, thereby A plurality of recesses 20 (the upper region of the groove portion 21 including the groove portion 21 of the n-type GaN substrate 11) where the facet 12a and the facet 12b face each other so as to spread from the n-type GaN substrate 11 toward the upper surface of the light emitting element layer 12. Since it is formed, the light from the light emitting layer 14 can be easily extracted not only through the upper surface of the light emitting element layer 12 but also through the facet 12 b inclined with respect to the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 11. Thereby, the light emission efficiency of the light emitting diode chip 30 can be further improved.
- n-type GaN substrate 41 is an example of the “underlying substrate” in the present invention.
- the light-emitting diode chip 40 according to the second embodiment is made of a wurtzite nitride semiconductor having a (11-2-2) plane as a main surface. Moreover, the shape of the light emitting diode chip 40 has a square shape, a rectangular shape, a rhombus shape, a parallelogram shape, or the like when viewed in plan (viewed from the upper surface side of the light emitting diode chip 40).
- an Al 0 .4 having a thickness of about 3 to about 4 ⁇ m is formed on an n-type GaN substrate 41 having a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m .
- An underlayer 50 made of 05 Ga 0.95 N is grown.
- the base layer 50 is crystal-grown, since the lattice constant c 2 of the base layer 50 is smaller than the lattice constant c 1 of the n-type GaN substrate 41 (c 1 > c 2 ), the base layer reaches a predetermined thickness.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows a state in which the crack 51 is spontaneously formed in the underlayer 50.
- the crack 51 is in the [1-100] direction substantially orthogonal to the A direction of the n-type GaN substrate 41 as shown in FIG. It is formed to extend in a stripe shape along (B direction).
- the crack 51 is an example of the “concave portion” in the present invention.
- an n-type cladding layer 43 made of n-type GaN having a thickness of about 0.5 ⁇ m is formed on the underlayer 50 by a manufacturing process similar to that of the first embodiment, and about 2 nm.
- a light emitting element layer 42 is formed by sequentially laminating a p-type cladding layer 45 also serving as a p-type contact layer made of p-type GaN.
- the light emitting element layer 42, the n-type cladding layer 43, the light emitting layer 44, and the p-type cladding layer 45 are examples of the “nitride-based semiconductor layer” in the present invention.
- the light emitting element layer 12 is formed on the inner side surface 51a of the crack 51 extending in a stripe shape in the [1-100] direction.
- the crystal grows while forming a (000-1) facet 42a extending in a direction inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to the [11-2-2] direction (C2 direction) of the n-type GaN substrate 41.
- the light emitting element layer 42 is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the [11-2-2] direction (C2 direction) of the n-type GaN substrate 41.
- the crystal grows while forming the (11-22) facet 42b extending in the direction.
- the inner side surface 51a and the inner side surface 51b are examples of “one inner side surface of the recess” and “the other inner side surface of the recess” in the present invention, respectively.
- the facet 42a is an example of the “first side surface” and “crystal growth facet” of the present invention
- the facet 42b is an example of the “second side surface” and “crystal growth facet” of the present invention.
- the facets 42 a and 42 b are formed so as to form obtuse angles with respect to the upper surface (main surface) of the light emitting element layer 12.
- the emission wavelength is adjusted so as to fill the recess 52 (the region above the crack 51) sandwiched between the (000-1) facet 42a and the (11-22) facet 42b of the light emitting element layer 42.
- a transparent insulating film 22 such as SiO 2 is formed.
- the p-side electrode 47 is formed on the upper surfaces of the insulating film 22 and the light emitting element layer 42, and the n-side electrode 46 is formed on the lower surface of the n-type GaN substrate 41. In this manner, the light emitting diode chip 40 according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is formed.
- the n-type GaN substrate 41 having the crack 51 formed in the underlayer 50 and the inner surface 51a of the crack 51 are formed on the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 41 as a starting point.
- the light-emitting element layer 42 including the facet 42a and the facet 42b formed with the inner surface 51b of the crack 51 as a starting point is provided on the n-type GaN substrate 41.
- a facet 42a and a facet 42b are formed starting from the inner side surfaces 51a and 51b of the crack 51 of the base layer 50 formed in advance.
- the facet 42a or the facet 42b as described above is formed by etching on a nitride-based semiconductor layer laminated on a flat substrate having no recesses, an etching process is required in the manufacturing process. Therefore, the manufacturing process of the light emitting diode chip 40 can be prevented from becoming complicated. Further, since the facet 42a and the facet 42b of the light emitting element layer 42 are not formed by dry etching or the like, the light emitting layer 44 and the like are hardly damaged in the manufacturing process. Thereby, the light extraction efficiency from the light emitting layer 44 can be improved.
- the n-type GaN substrate 41 with the crack 51 formed in the underlayer 50 is formed on the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 41 with the inner surface 51a of the crack 51 as a starting point (000 ⁇ 1)
- the light emitting element layer 42 includes the facet 42a and the light emitting element layer 42 including the facet 42b formed from the inner side surface 51b of the crack 51
- the light emitting element layer 42 is crystal-grown on the n-type GaN substrate 41.
- the facet 42a starting from the inner side surface 51a of the crack 51 and the facet 42b starting from the inner side surface 51b of the crack 51 are formed more than the growth rate at which the upper surface of the growth layer (the main surface of the light emitting element layer 42) grows.
- the upper surface (main surface) of the growth layer grows while maintaining flatness.
- the flatness of the surface (upper surface) of the light emitting element layer 42 having the light emitting layer 44 is further improved as compared with the growth layer surface of the light emitting element layer when the end face composed of the facet 42a and the facet 42b is not formed. be able to.
- the underlying layer 50 made of AlGaN on the n-type GaN substrate 41 is formed, the lattice constant c 1 of the n-type GaN substrate 41, and a lattice constant c 2 of the underlayer 50, c 1 > c 2 , and the n-type GaN is formed by forming the facet 42a and the facet 42b of the light emitting element layer 42 from the inner side surfaces 51a and 51b of the crack 51, respectively.
- the lattice constant c 2 of the underlayer 50 is smaller than the lattice constant c 1 of the n-type GaN substrate 41 (c 1> c 2), n-type GaN A tensile stress R is generated inside the underlayer 50 in an attempt to match the lattice constant c 1 of the substrate 41.
- the thickness of the underlayer 50 is equal to or greater than a predetermined thickness, the underlayer 50 cannot withstand this tensile stress R, and a crack 51 is formed in the underlayer 50.
- the inner side surfaces 51a and 51b serving as a reference for forming the (000-1) facet 42a and the (11-22) facet 42b of the light emitting element layer 42 on the base layer 50 during crystal growth can be easily performed.
- the underlayer 50 can be formed.
- the (000-1) facet 42a and the (11-22) facet 42b of the light emitting element layer 42 are configured to be facets formed during crystal growth of the light emitting element layer 42.
- two kinds of flat facets (end faces) of the facet 42a and the facet 42b can be easily formed simultaneously with the crystal growth of the light emitting element layer 42, respectively.
- the facets 42a and 42b of the light-emitting element layer 42 are formed so as to form an obtuse angle with respect to the main surface ((11-2-2) plane) of the light-emitting element layer 42.
- a plurality of recesses 52 (an upper region of the crack 51 including the crack 51 on the n-type GaN substrate 41) where the facet 42a and the facet 42b of the element layer 42 face each other are formed on the upper surface of the light emitting element layer 42 from the n-type GaN substrate 41.
- the light from the light emitting layer 44 can be easily extracted not only through the upper surface of the light emitting element layer 42 but also through facets 42 a and 42 b inclined with respect to the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 41. it can. Thereby, the luminous efficiency of the light emitting diode chip 40 can be further improved.
- the remaining effects of the second embodiment are similar to those of the aforementioned first embodiment.
- the underlying layer 50 on the n-type GaN substrate 61 has a broken line shape.
- the case where the crack 71 in which the generation position of the crack is controlled by forming the scribe flaw 70 will be described.
- the n-type GaN substrate 61 is an example of the “underlying substrate” in the present invention
- the crack 71 is an example of the “concave portion” in the present invention.
- the light-emitting diode chip 60 is made of a nitride semiconductor having a wurtzite structure having a (1-10-2) plane as a main surface. Further, the shape of the light-emitting diode chip 60 has a square shape, a rectangular shape, a rhombus shape, a parallelogram shape, or the like when viewed in plan (from the upper surface side of the light-emitting diode chip 60).
- the thickness (about approximately) on the n-type GaN substrate 61 (see FIG. 11).
- An underlayer 50 made of AlGaN having a thickness of about 3 to about 4 ⁇ m) is obtained.
- a tensile stress R (see FIG. 8) is generated in the underlayer 50 by the same action as in the second embodiment.
- the critical film thickness means the minimum thickness of the semiconductor layer when a semiconductor layer having a different lattice constant is stacked and no cracks are generated in the semiconductor layer due to the difference in lattice constant.
- scribe scratches in the form of broken lines at intervals of about 50 ⁇ m in the [11-20] direction (B direction) substantially perpendicular to the A direction on the underlayer 50 by laser light or diamond points. 70 is formed.
- a plurality of scribe flaws 70 are formed in the A direction at a pitch of an interval L2.
- the crack progresses in the base layer 50 in the region of the base layer 50 where the scribe scratch 70 is not formed, starting from the broken scribe scratch 70.
- a substantially linear crack 71 (see FIG. 13) that divides the underlayer 50 in the B direction is formed.
- the scribe flaw 70 is also divided in the depth direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 13).
- an inner side surface 71 a (shown by a broken line) reaching the vicinity of the interface between the foundation layer 50 and the n-type GaN substrate 61 is formed in the crack 71.
- the inner side surface 71a is an example of “one inner side surface of the recess” in the present invention.
- the n-type cladding layer 43, a well layer made of Ga 0.7 In 0.3 N having a thickness of about 2 nm, and Ga 0 are formed on the underlayer 50 by the same manufacturing process as in the second embodiment.
- a light emitting element layer 42 is formed by sequentially laminating a light emitting layer 44 made of MQW in which a barrier layer made of .9 In 0.1 N is laminated, and a p-type cladding layer 45.
- the light emitting element layer 42 on the n-type GaN substrate 61 extends in a direction inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to the [1-10-2] direction (C2 direction) of the n-type GaN substrate 61 (000-1).
- a facet 42c and a (1-101) facet 42d extending in a direction inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to the [1-10-2] direction (C2 direction) of the n-type GaN substrate 61 are formed.
- the facet 42c is an example of the “first side face” and “crystal growth facet” of the present invention
- the facet 42d is an example of the “second side face” and “crystal growth facet” of the present invention.
- the other manufacturing processes according to the third embodiment are the same as those of the second embodiment. In this way, the light emitting diode chip 60 according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 11 is formed.
- the base layer 50 is formed on the n-type GaN substrate 61 so as to have a critical film thickness, and then the base layer 50 is formed.
- the cracks 71 are formed in parallel to the B direction and at equal intervals along the A direction, starting from the scribe-shaped scratch 70. That is, as in the second embodiment, the light emitting diode chip 60 having a uniform light emitting area (see FIG. 11) can be more easily compared with the case where the semiconductor layers are stacked using the spontaneously formed cracks. ) Can be formed.
- the remaining effects of the third embodiment are similar to those of the aforementioned second embodiment.
- m-plane ((1-100) plane.
- the n-type GaN substrate 81 is an example of the “underlying substrate” in the present invention.
- the light-emitting diode chip 80 is made of a nitride semiconductor having a wurtzite structure having an m-plane as a main surface. Further, the shape of the light emitting diode chip 80 has a square shape, a rectangular shape, a rhombus shape, a parallelogram shape, or the like when viewed in plan (from the upper surface side of the light emitting diode chip 80).
- an Al 0 .4 having a thickness of about 3 to about 4 ⁇ m is formed on an n-type GaN substrate 81 having a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m .
- An underlayer 50 made of 05 Ga 0.95 N is grown. At that time, as in the second embodiment, a crack 51 is formed in the underlayer 50 due to a difference in lattice constant between the n-type GaN substrate 81 and the underlayer 50.
- the n-type cladding layer 13 made of n-type Al 0.03 Ga 0.97 N having a thickness of about 0.5 ⁇ m is formed on the underlayer 50 by the same manufacturing process as in the first embodiment, and about 2 nm.
- the light emitting element layer 12 is formed by sequentially laminating a p-type cladding layer 15 also serving as a p-type contact layer made of p-type GaN having a thickness.
- the crack 51 (000) extending in the [11-20] direction (B direction) is obtained.
- the light emitting element layer 12 has a (000-1) facet 12c extending in the [1-100] direction (C2 direction) so as to take over the (000-1) plane of the crack 51 on the inner side surface 51a composed of the (-1) plane. Crystals grow while forming.
- the light emitting element layer 12 is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the [1-100] direction (C2 direction).
- the crystal grows while forming the (1-101) facet 12d extending in the direction.
- the facet 12d is formed so as to form an obtuse angle with respect to the upper surface (main surface) of the light emitting element layer 12.
- the facet 12c is an example of the “first side face” and “crystal growth facet” of the present invention
- the facet 12d is an example of the “second side face” and “crystal growth facet” of the present invention.
- the recessed portion 20 (the region above the crack 51 including the crack 51) sandwiched between the (0001) facet 12c and the (1-101) facet 12b of the light emitting element layer 12 is filled.
- An insulating film 22 such as SiO 2 that is transparent to the emission wavelength is formed.
- the other manufacturing processes according to the fourth embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the light emitting diode chip 80 according to the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 14 is thus formed.
- the effects of the light-emitting diode chip 80 according to the fourth embodiment are the same as those of the first and second embodiments.
- an MOCVD method is used on an n-type GaN substrate having a main surface made of an m-plane ((1-100) plane) using a manufacturing process similar to the manufacturing process of the fourth embodiment described above.
- a difference in lattice constant between the n-type GaN substrate and the underlayer cracks as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 were formed in the underlayer.
- the crack formed a (000-1) plane extending in a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate, as shown in FIG.
- the cracks were formed in stripes along the [11-20] direction (B direction) orthogonal to the [0001] direction (A direction) of the n-type GaN substrate. confirmed.
- a semiconductor layer made of GaN was crystal-grown on the underlayer using MOCVD.
- the (000-1) plane of GaN extending in the vertical direction so that the semiconductor layer takes over this plane orientation is formed on the inner side surface of the crack (000-1) plane.
- Crystal growth was confirmed in the [1-100] (C2 direction) direction.
- an inclined facet composed of the (1-101) plane of GaN was formed on the inner surface opposite to the (000-1) plane of the crack. Further, it was confirmed that the inclined surface is formed so as to form an obtuse angle with respect to the upper surface (main surface) of the semiconductor layer.
- the two inner surfaces of the cracks provided in the underlayer were the starting points of crystal growth, respectively, and it was possible to form a semiconductor layer on the underlayer. Further, it was confirmed that the crack that had reached the n-type GaN substrate at the time of forming the underlayer was filled in part of the gap with the lamination of the semiconductor layers.
- the semiconductor layer (light emitting layer) is formed of the (000-1) plane and the (1-101) plane without performing etching processing simultaneously with the formation of the semiconductor layer by crystal growth. It was confirmed that end faces (vertical side surfaces and inclined surfaces of the semiconductor layer) can be formed. Further, in the process of crystal growth of the semiconductor layer, the growth rate of the portion where the (000-1) plane and the (1-101) plane are formed and the upper surface (main surface) of the semiconductor layer are in the direction of arrow C2 (FIG. 16). From the difference between the growth rate and the growth rate (see reference), not only the flatness of the (000-1) plane and the (1-101) plane but also the flatness of the upper surface (main surface) of the semiconductor layer can be improved. It was confirmed that it was possible.
- the case where the light emitting element layer 92 is formed is described above.
- the n-type 4H—SiC substrate 91 and the light emitting element layer 92 are examples of the “substrate” and “nitride-based semiconductor layer” of the present invention, respectively.
- the light-emitting diode chip 90 is made of a nitride semiconductor having a wurtzite structure having an m-plane as a main surface.
- the shape of the light-emitting diode chip 90 has a square shape, a rectangular shape, a rhombus shape, a parallelogram shape, or the like when viewed in plan (viewed from the upper surface side of the light-emitting diode chip 90).
- a light emitting element layer 92 is formed on an n-type 4H—SiC substrate 91 having a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m, as shown in FIG.
- the light emitting element layer 92 includes an n-type cladding layer 93 made of n-type Al 0.03 Ga 0.97 N having a thickness of about 0.5 ⁇ m, and Ga 0.7 In 0.
- a p-type cladding layer 95 also serving as a p-type contact layer made of p-type GaN having a thickness of about 0.2 ⁇ m is formed on the light emitting layer 94.
- the n-type cladding layer 93, the light emitting layer 94, and the p-type cladding layer 95 are examples of the “nitride-based semiconductor layer” in the present invention.
- the recess 20 is formed from the (000-1) facet 92a and the (1-101) facet 92b of the light emitting element layer 92 from the n-type cladding layer 93 to the p-type cladding layer 95.
- the facet 92a is an example of the “first side face” and “crystal growth facet” in the present invention
- the facet 92b is an example of the “second side face” and “crystal growth facet” in the present invention.
- the facet 92a takes over the n-type 4H—SiC substrate 91 so as to take over the inner side surface 96a composed of the (000-1) plane of the groove 96 formed in advance on the main surface of the n-type 4H—SiC substrate 91 during the manufacturing process. Are formed so as to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the main surface ([1-100] direction). Further, the facet 92b is formed of an inclined surface starting from the inner side surface 96b of the groove portion 96, and is formed to form an obtuse angle with respect to the upper surface (main surface) of the light emitting element layer 92.
- the groove 96 and the inner side surfaces 96a and 96b are examples of the “concave portion”, “one inner side surface of the concave portion”, and “the other inner side surface of the concave portion” of the present invention, respectively.
- the reference numerals of the inner side surface 96 a and the inner side surface 96 b are shown only in some of the groove portions 96 in the drawing.
- An n-side electrode 16 is formed on the lower surface of the n-type 4H—SiC substrate 91.
- an insulating film 22 is formed in the recess 20, and a p-side electrode 17 having translucency is provided so as to cover the insulating film 22 such as SiO 2 transparent to the emission wavelength and the p-type cladding layer 15. Is formed.
- the manufacturing process of the light-emitting diode chip 90 according to the fifth embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the effects of the fifth embodiment are also the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the surface emitting nitride-based semiconductor laser device 100 As shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, it is formed on an n-type GaN substrate 111 having a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m and has a thickness of about 3 to about 4 ⁇ m.
- a semiconductor laser element layer 112 having a thickness of about 3.1 ⁇ m is formed on a base layer 140 made of AlGaN having a thickness.
- the n-type GaN substrate 111 and the semiconductor laser element layer 112 are examples of the “substrate” and the “nitride-based semiconductor element layer” in the present invention, respectively.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed so that the length L3 between the laser element end portions (direction A) is about 1560 ⁇ m.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed on the main surface made of the (1-10-4) plane of the n-type GaN substrate 111 with the base layer 140 interposed therebetween. Is formed.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 includes a light emitting surface 100a and a light reflecting surface 100b that are substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 111 in the cavity direction (A direction) that is the [1-101] direction. Are formed respectively.
- the light emitting surface 100a and the light reflecting surface 100b are examples of the “first resonator end surface” and the “second resonator end surface” of the present invention, respectively.
- the light emitting surface 100a and the light reflecting surface 100b are distinguished from each other by the magnitude relationship of the intensity of the laser light emitted from the respective resonator end faces on the light emitting side and the light reflecting side. That is, the side with relatively high laser beam emission intensity is the light emission surface 100a, and the side with relatively low laser beam emission intensity is the light reflection surface 100b.
- the base layer 140 is formed with a crack 141 that is formed during the crystal growth of the base layer 140 and extends in a stripe shape in the [11-20] direction of the n-type GaN substrate 111. .
- the light emitting surface 100a of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is crystal-grown so as to take over the inner side surface 141a of the crack 141 of the underlayer 140 when the semiconductor laser element layer 112 described later is formed ( 1-101) plane.
- the light reflecting surface 100b of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed by a ( ⁇ 110-1) plane which is an end surface perpendicular to the [ ⁇ 110-1] direction (A1 direction in FIG. 20).
- the crack 141 is an example of the “recessed portion” of the present invention, and the inner side surface 141a is an example of the “inner side surface of the recessed portion” of the present invention.
- a crack 141 as a recess is formed in the base layer 140 by utilizing the lattice constant difference between the n-type GaN substrate 111 and the base layer 140.
- a recess may be formed from the surface of the underlayer 140 by mechanical scribe, laser scribe, dicing, etching, or the like.
- the base layer 140 it is good also considering the base layer 140 as GaN which has the lattice constant similar to the n-type GaN board
- the concave portion (the groove portion 250 of the twelfth embodiment) may be formed directly on the surface of the n-type GaN substrate 111 by mechanical scribe, laser scribe, dicing, etching, or the like.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 has a region facing the light emitting surface 100a in the [1-101] direction (A2 direction) with respect to the light emitting surface 100a.
- the reflective surface 100c is formed by a (000-1) facet that is crystal-grown starting from the upper end portion of the inner side surface 141b of the crack 141 of the underlayer 140 when the semiconductor laser element layer 112 described later is formed.
- the inner side surface 141b is an example of the “inner side surface of the recess” in the present invention.
- an end face 100d composed of the (1-101) plane of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed at the end in the A2 direction of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 100.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 includes a buffer layer 113, an n-type cladding layer 114, a light emitting layer 115, a p-type cladding layer 116, and a p-type contact layer 117. It is out. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 20, on the upper surface of the foundation layer 140 formed on the n-type GaN substrate 111, it is made of undoped Al 0.01 Ga 0.99 N having a thickness of about 1.0 ⁇ m. A buffer layer 113 and an n-type cladding layer 114 made of Ge-doped Al 0.07 Ga 0.93 N having a thickness of about 1.9 ⁇ m are formed.
- a light emitting layer 115 is formed on the n-type cladding layer 114.
- the light emitting layer 115 is an n-type carrier block layer made of Al 0.2 Ga 0.8 N having a thickness of about 20 nm in order from the side closer to the n-type cladding layer 114 (see FIG. 20).
- the MQW active layer 115e includes three quantum well layers 115c made of undoped In 0.15 Ga 0.85 N having a thickness of about 2.5 nm, and undoped In 0.02 Ga 0. Three quantum barrier layers 115 d made of 98 N are alternately stacked.
- the n-type cladding layer 114 has a larger band gap than the MQW active layer 115e.
- a light guide layer having an intermediate band gap between the n-type carrier block layer 115a and the MQW active layer 115e may be formed between the n-type carrier block layer 115a and the MQW active layer 115e.
- the MQW active layer 115e may be formed with a single layer or an SQW structure.
- a flat portion and a convex portion formed so as to protrude upward (C2 direction) from a substantially central portion of the flat portion and having a thickness of about 1 ⁇ m.
- a p-type cladding layer 116 made of Mg-doped Al 0.07 Ga 0.93 N is formed.
- the p-type cladding layer 116 has a larger band gap than the MQW active layer 115e.
- a p-type contact layer 117 made of undoped In 0.07 Ga 0.93 N having a thickness of about 3 nm is formed on the convex portion of the p-type cladding layer 116.
- the convex portion of the p-type cladding layer 116 and the p-type contact layer 117 form a stripe shape (elongated shape) in the resonator direction (direction A in FIG. 19) as an optical waveguide of the surface-emitting nitride semiconductor laser device 100.
- a ridge 131 extending in the direction is formed.
- the buffer layer 113, the n-type cladding layer 114, the light emitting layer 115, the p-type cladding layer 116, and the p-type contact layer 117 are examples of the “nitride-based semiconductor element layer” in the present invention.
- a Pt layer having a thickness of about 5 nm, a Pd layer having a thickness of about 100 nm, and a Pd layer having a thickness of about 100 nm, in order from the side closer to the upper surface of the p-type contact layer 117 A p-side electrode 119 made of an Au layer having a thickness of about 150 nm is formed.
- an Al layer having a thickness of about 10 nm and a thickness of about 20 nm are sequentially formed from the side closer to the n-type GaN substrate 111.
- An n-side electrode 120 composed of a Pt layer and an Au layer having a thickness of about 300 nm is formed.
- the n-side electrode 120 is formed on the entire back surface of the n-type GaN substrate 111 so as to extend to both sides in the direction of arrow A of the surface-emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 100. .
- a base layer 140 made of AlGaN is grown on an n-type GaN substrate 111.
- the base layer 140 since the lattice constant c 2 of the underlayer 140 than the lattice constant c 1 of the n-type GaN substrate 111 is small, the base layer 140 reaches a predetermined thickness, an n-type GaN substrate A tensile stress R is generated inside the underlayer 140 in an attempt to match the lattice constant c 1 of 111.
- the underlayer 140 locally shrinks in the A direction, cracks 141 as shown in FIGS. 22 and 23 are formed in the underlayer 140.
- the crack 141 extends in a stripe shape along the [11-20] direction (B direction) parallel to the (0001) plane and the (1-10-4) plane of the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 111. It is easy to be formed.
- the crack 141 when the crack 141 is formed in the foundation layer 140, the crack 141 has an inner surface that reaches the vicinity of the interface between the foundation layer 140 and the n-type GaN substrate 111. 141a is formed.
- the inner side surface 141a is formed substantially perpendicular to the main surface made of the (1-10-4) plane of the n-type GaN substrate 111.
- an external processing technique for example, mechanical scribe, laser scribe, dicing and etching
- the crack 141 can be easily aligned with the [11-20] direction.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 having a flat end face ((1-101) face) can be easily grown.
- the crack 141 reaching the vicinity of the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 111 is formed in the base layer 140, the lattice strain of the base layer 140 having a lattice constant different from that of the n-type GaN substrate 111 is reduced. Can be opened. Therefore, the crystal quality of the underlayer 140 is improved, and the semiconductor laser element layer 112 formed on the underlayer 140 can be in a high-quality crystal state. As a result, the electrical characteristics of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 formed in a process described later can be improved, and light absorption in the semiconductor laser element layer 112 can be suppressed. Furthermore, since the internal loss of the light emitting layer 115 is reduced, the light emission efficiency of the light emitting layer 115 can be improved.
- the crack 141 reaching the vicinity of the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 111 is formed in the base layer 140.
- the base layer 140 is formed in the thickness direction of the base layer 140 (C2 direction in FIG. 22). You may make it form the groove part of the depth equivalent to this thickness. Even if comprised in this way, since the internal strain of the foundation layer 140 can be released by the groove portion having a depth corresponding to the thickness of the foundation layer 140, the same effect as the case of forming the crack 141 can be obtained. .
- a semiconductor cladding layer 116 and a p-type contact layer 117 are sequentially grown to form a semiconductor laser element layer 112.
- a carrier gas consisting of 2 is supplied into the reactor to grow the buffer layer 113 on the n-type GaN substrate 111.
- a carrier gas composed of H 2 containing TMGa and TMAl and GeH 4 (monogermane) which is a raw material of Ge impurities for obtaining n-type conductivity is supplied into the reaction furnace, and the buffer layer 113 is supplied.
- An n-type cladding layer 114 is grown thereon.
- an H 2 gas containing TMGa and TMAl is supplied into the reactor to grow the n-type carrier block layer 115 a on the n-type cladding layer 114.
- the Ga source is triethylgallium (TEGa) and In source.
- TMGa and TMAl are supplied into the reactor to grow the carrier block layer 115g. Thereby, the light emitting layer 115 (see FIG. 21) is formed.
- the source material of Mg which is a p-type impurity, is used.
- a certain Mg (C 5 H 5 ) 2 (cyclopentanedienylmagnesium), TMGa, and TMAl are supplied to grow a p-type cladding layer 116 on the light emitting layer 115.
- TEGa and TMIn are supplied in a nitrogen gas atmosphere in which NH 3 gas is supplied into the reaction furnace in a state where the substrate temperature is again lowered to the growth temperature of about 850 ° C., and the p-type contact layer 117 is supplied. Grow. In this way, the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed on the base layer 140.
- the crack 141 extending in a stripe shape in the B direction (see FIG. 23) is formed.
- the crystal grows while forming an end surface ((1-101) surface) extending in the [1-10-4] direction (C2 direction) so as to take over the inner side surface 141a of the crack 141.
- a light emitting surface 100a composed of a (1-101) plane is formed in the semiconductor laser element layer 112.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed with a reflecting surface 100c that is formed of the (000-1) plane and forms an obtuse angle with respect to the upper surface (main surface) of the semiconductor laser element layer 112.
- the surface (upper surface) of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is higher than the growth rate of the portion where the (1-101) plane and the (000-1) plane are formed. Since the growth rate of growth in the direction of the arrow C2 (see FIG. 24) is fast, the flatness of the main surface (upper surface) of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 can also be improved.
- p-type annealing treatment is performed under a temperature condition of about 800 ° C. in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- the ridge 131 is formed by performing dry etching or the like using the resist pattern as a mask. Thereafter, the current blocking layer 118 is formed so as to cover the upper surface of the flat portion other than the convex portion of the p-type cladding layer 116 and both side surfaces of the ridge 131. Further, as shown in FIGS. 19 and 25, the p-side electrode 119 is formed on the current blocking layer 118 and the p-type contact layer 117 where the current blocking layer 118 is not formed by using a vacuum deposition method.
- FIG. 25 shows a cross-sectional structure along the resonator direction (A direction) of the semiconductor laser element at the position where the p-type contact layer 117 is formed (near the ridge 131).
- the back surface of the n-type GaN substrate 111 is polished so that the thickness of the n-type GaN substrate 111 becomes about 100 ⁇ m, and then the n-type GaN substrate 111 is formed by vacuum evaporation.
- An n-side electrode 120 is formed on the back surface so as to be in contact with the n-type GaN substrate 111.
- the position where a predetermined resonator end face is to be formed extends from the surface (upper surface) of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 to the n-type GaN substrate 111 (arrow C1 direction).
- a groove 142 having a substantially ( ⁇ 110-1) plane on one side surface of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed.
- the substantially ( ⁇ 110-1) surface, which is one side surface of the groove 142 is easily formed as the light reflecting surface 100 b of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 100.
- a substantially (1-101) plane that is the other side surface of the groove 142 is formed as an end face 100 d of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 100.
- the groove 142 is formed so as to extend in the [11-20] direction (B direction) substantially parallel to the direction in which the crack 141 extends in plan view.
- a linear scribe groove 143 is formed in the groove 142 in parallel with the groove 142 of the n-type GaN substrate 111 by laser scribe or mechanical scribe.
- the wafer is separated at the position of the scribe groove 143.
- the groove 142 of the n-type GaN substrate 111 becomes a stepped portion 111a formed under the light reflecting surface 100b and the end surface 100d after the element division.
- the device is divided into chips along the resonator direction (A direction), whereby the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser device 100 according to the sixth embodiment shown in FIGS. 19 and 20 is formed.
- the reflective surface 100c inclined with respect to the light emitting surface 100a is formed simultaneously with the crystal growth of the semiconductor laser device layer 112, so that a flat semiconductor device layer is grown on the n-type GaN substrate 111.
- the n-type GaN substrate 111 has a crack 141 formed on the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 111, and the reflection surface 100 c of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is not cracked in the n-type GaN substrate 111. 141.
- the upper surface of the growth layer is formed by comprising the facet of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 formed starting from the inner side surface 141b of 141.
- the growth rate at which the reflecting surface 100c composed of facets starting from the inner surface 141b of the crack 141 is formed is slower than the growth rate at which (the main surface of the semiconductor laser element layer 112) grows, the upper surface (main The surface) grows while maintaining flatness.
- the flatness of the surface of the semiconductor layer having the light emitting layer can be further improved as compared with the growth layer surface of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 when the crack 141 is not formed in the n-type GaN substrate 111 in advance. .
- the (1-101) plane has a slower growth rate than the main surface (upper surface) of the semiconductor laser element layer 112, the light emitting surface 100a can be easily formed by crystal growth.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 having a light emitting layer is formed at the end opposite to the light emitting surface 100 a and extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 111.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 having the light emitting surface 100a and the light emitting surface 100b opposite to the light emitting surface 100a are formed at the end opposite to the light emitting surface 100 a and extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 111.
- the semiconductor laser element is formed on the n-type GaN substrate 111 made of a nitride semiconductor by configuring the substrate to be an n-type GaN substrate 111 made of a nitride semiconductor such as GaN.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 having both the light emitting surface 100a composed of the (1-101) plane and the reflecting surface 100c composed of the (000-1) plane. it can.
- the resonator end surface can be easily formed on the end portion of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 formed on the substrate with poor cleavage such as a GaN substrate. Can be formed. Further, by controlling the etching conditions, the ( ⁇ 110-1) plane easily extends in a direction ([1-10-4] direction) substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 111.
- the light reflecting surface 100b can be formed.
- the manufacturing process of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser device 150 according to the seventh embodiment differs from the sixth embodiment in that the m-plane ((1-100)
- the n-type GaN substrate 151 is an example of the “substrate” in the present invention.
- a semiconductor laser element layer 112 having a structure similar to that of the sixth embodiment is formed on an n-type GaN substrate 151 having a main surface composed of an m-plane. Yes.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed with the light emitting surface 150a and the light reflecting surface 150b substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 151, respectively.
- the light emitting surface 150a and the light reflecting surface 150b are examples of the “first resonator end surface” and the “second resonator end surface” of the present invention, respectively.
- the light emitting surface 150a is formed by a (000-1) plane that is crystal-grown so as to inherit the inner side surface 141a of the crack 141 of the underlayer 140.
- the light reflecting surface 150b is formed of a (0001) plane perpendicular to the [0001] direction (A1 direction in FIG. 26).
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 has a region facing the light emitting surface 150a in the [000-1] direction (A2 direction) with respect to the light emitting surface 150a.
- the reflective surface 150c is formed by (1-101) facets that accompany crystal growth when the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed.
- ⁇ 4 an end face 150d made of the (000-1) plane of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed at the end in the A2 direction of the surface-emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 150.
- the element structure of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 of the surface-emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 150 according to the seventh embodiment is the same as that of the sixth embodiment.
- the same manufacturing process as in the sixth embodiment is used to form a semiconductor on the base layer 140.
- the laser element layer 112 is formed.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 when the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is grown on the base layer 140, the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is striped in the B direction (see FIG. 23). From the upper end of the inner side surface 141a of the extending crack 141, the crystal grows while forming a (000-1) plane extending in the [1-100] direction (C2 direction) so as to take over the inner side surface 141a of the crack 141. As a result, a light emitting surface 150a having a (000-1) plane is formed in the semiconductor laser element layer 112.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed with a reflective surface 150c which is formed of the (1-101) plane and forms an obtuse angle with respect to the upper surface (main surface) of the semiconductor laser element layer 112.
- the surface (upper surface) of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is higher than the growth rate of the portion where the (000-1) plane and the (1-101) plane are formed.
- the growth rate in the direction of the arrow C2 is high, not only the flatness of the (000-1) plane and the (1-101) plane but also the flatness of the surface (upper surface) of the semiconductor laser element layer 112. It can also improve the property.
- dry etching is performed at a position where a predetermined resonator end face is to be formed in a direction (arrow C1 direction) from the surface (upper surface) of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 to the n-type GaN substrate 151. Then, a groove portion 152 having a substantially (0001) plane on one side surface of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed. Thereby, one side surface of the groove 152 is easily formed as the light reflecting surface 150 b of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 150. Further, the substantially (000-1) plane, which is the other side surface of the groove 152, is formed as the end face 150d of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 150. The groove 152 is formed so as to extend in the [11-20] direction (B direction) substantially parallel to the direction in which the crack 141 extends in plan view.
- a scribe groove 153 is formed in the groove 152 in parallel with the groove 152 of the n-type GaN substrate 151 (in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 27) by laser scribe or mechanical scribe.
- the wafer is separated at the position of the scribe groove 153 as shown in FIG.
- the groove portion 152 of the n-type GaN substrate 151 becomes a step portion 151a formed under the light reflecting surface 150b and the end surface 150d after the element division.
- the surface-emitting nitride semiconductor laser device 150 according to the seventh embodiment shown in FIG. 26 is formed by dividing the device along the resonator direction (A direction) into chips.
- the angle ⁇ with respect to the light emitting surface 150 a formed at the end of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 and the m-plane ((1-100) plane) of the n-type GaN substrate 151. 3 ( about 62 °) and the reflecting surface 150c composed of the (1-101) plane extending at an inclination, the reflecting surface 150c composed of the (1-101) plane has flatness, and thus the light emitting surface 150a.
- the laser beam emitted from the laser beam can be emitted to the outside (above the surface-emitting nitride-based semiconductor laser device 150) with the emission direction uniformly changed without being scattered by the reflecting surface 150c. As a result, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the light emission efficiency of the surface-emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 150.
- the inner surface 141a of the crack 141 is configured to include the (000-1) plane, so that the light emission composed of the (000-1) plane on the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 151.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 having the surface 150a is formed, the (000-1) plane of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed so as to take over the (000-1) plane of the inner surface 141a of the crack 141.
- the emission surface 150a can be easily formed on the n-type GaN substrate 151.
- the light emitting surface 150a opposite to the reflecting surface 150c made of the (1-101) surface of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is configured to be made of the (000-1) surface, so that n Compared with the case where the light exit surface 150a not corresponding to the (000-1) plane is formed on the n-type GaN substrate 151, the light exit surface 150a composed of the (000-1) plane is formed on the n-type GaN substrate 151.
- the surface (upper surface) of the growth layer can be formed so as to ensure flatness. Further, since the (000-1) plane has a slower growth rate than the main surface (upper surface) of the semiconductor laser element layer 112, the light emitting surface 150a can be easily formed by crystal growth.
- a semiconductor element layer (light emitting layer 115) is formed by forming the semiconductor laser element layer 112 on an n-type GaN substrate 151 having a main surface composed of a nonpolar plane ((1-100) plane). ), And an internal electric field such as spontaneous polarization can be reduced. Accordingly, heat generation of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 (light emitting layer 115) including the vicinity of the cavity end face (light emitting surface 150a) is further suppressed, and thus the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element further improving the light emission efficiency. 150 can be formed.
- the remaining effects of the seventh embodiment are similar to those of the aforementioned sixth embodiment.
- the surface-emitting nitride semiconductor laser device 160 differs from the sixth embodiment in that it has an n-type having a main surface of a substantially (1-10-2) plane.
- the case where the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed after forming the base layer 140 on the n-type GaN substrate 161 using the GaN substrate 161 will be described.
- the n-type GaN substrate 161 is an example of the “substrate” in the present invention.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed on the main surface made of the substantially (1-10-2) plane of the n-type GaN substrate 161 via the base layer 140.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed with a light emitting surface 160a and a light reflecting surface 160b that are substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 161 in the resonator direction (A direction).
- the light emitting surface 160a and the light reflecting surface 160b are examples of the “first resonator end surface” and the “second resonator end surface” in the present invention, respectively.
- the reflective surface 160c is formed by (000-1) facets accompanying crystal growth when the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed.
- the laser light emitted in the A2 direction from the light emitting surface 160a of the light emitting layer 115 is separated from the light emitting surface 160a by the reflecting surface 160c.
- the emission direction can be changed in substantially the same direction ([1-10-2] direction (C2 direction)).
- an end face 160d is formed at an end portion in the A2 direction of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 160.
- the other element structure of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 160 according to the eighth embodiment is the same as that of the sixth embodiment.
- the base layer 140 is grown on the n-type GaN substrate 161 by the same manufacturing process as in the sixth embodiment.
- a crack 141 is formed in the underlayer 140 due to a difference in lattice constant between the n-type GaN substrate 161 and the underlayer 140.
- the difference in the c-axis lattice constant between GaN and AlGaN is larger than the difference in the a-axis lattice constant between GaN and AlGaN, so that the crack 141 includes the (0001) plane and the n-type GaN substrate 161.
- the main surface is formed so as to extend in a stripe shape along the [11-20] direction (direction B) parallel to the (1-10-2) plane of the main surface.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed on the underlayer 140 by the same manufacturing process as in the sixth embodiment.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 when the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is grown on the underlayer 140, the inner surface 141b of the crack 141 extending in a stripe shape in the [11-20] direction.
- the crystal grows while forming a (1-101) facet 160d extending in an inclined direction (about 15 °). Therefore, the reflecting surface 160c and the facet 160d are formed so as to form an obtuse angle with respect to the upper surface of the semiconductor laser element layer 112, respectively.
- the current blocking layer 118 and the p-side electrode 119 are formed on the semiconductor laser element layer 112 by the same manufacturing process as in the sixth embodiment, as shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 30, after the back surface of the n-type GaN substrate 161 is polished, the n-side electrode 120 is formed on the back surface of the n-type GaN substrate 161 by using a vacuum evaporation method.
- the eighth embodiment as shown in FIG. 30, in the facet 160d (see FIG. 29), in the direction reaching the n-type GaN substrate 161 from the surface (upper surface) of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 (arrow C1 direction).
- the groove 162 is formed by dry etching.
- the portion of facet 160d (see FIG. 29) of semiconductor laser element layer 112 is removed, and light emission surface 160a, which is an end surface substantially perpendicular to the main surface on n-type GaN substrate 161, is formed.
- the crack 141 (refer FIG. 29) of the base layer 140 is also removed with formation of the groove part 162.
- the position where the predetermined cavity end face is desired to be reached from the surface (upper surface) of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 to the n-type GaN substrate 161 (arrow C1 direction).
- the groove 163 is formed by performing dry etching. Thereby, one side surface of the groove 163 is easily formed as the light reflecting surface 160 b of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 160. The other side surface of the groove 163 is formed as an end surface 160 d of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 160.
- the groove 163 is formed so as to extend in the [11-20] direction (B direction) substantially parallel to the direction in which the groove 162 extends in plan view.
- scribe grooves 164 are formed in the grooves 163 in parallel with the grooves 163 of the n-type GaN substrate 161 (in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 30).
- the wafer is separated at the position of the scribe groove 164.
- the groove 163 of the n-type GaN substrate 161 becomes a stepped portion 161a formed at the lower portion of the light reflecting surface 160b after the element is divided.
- the surface-emitting nitride semiconductor laser device 160 according to the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 28 is formed by dividing the device along the resonator direction (A direction) into a chip.
- the reflective surface 160c composed of the (000-1) plane is flat as in the sixth embodiment. Therefore, the laser light emitted from the light emitting surface 160a can be emitted by changing the emitting direction uniformly without causing scattering on the reflecting surface 160c. As a result, it is possible to suppress a reduction in the light emission efficiency of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 160.
- the remaining effects of the eighth embodiment are similar to those of the aforementioned first and seventh embodiments.
- the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser device 170 according to the modification of the eighth embodiment differs from the eighth embodiment in the manufacturing process in the semiconductor laser device layer.
- a case will be described in which the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is etched so that the (1-101) facet 160d of the two facets at the time of forming 112 is used as the laser light reflecting surface 170c.
- An inclined reflecting surface 170c is formed.
- the reflective surface 170c is formed by (1-101) facets.
- a light reflecting surface 170b and an end surface 170d are formed at both ends of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 170, respectively.
- the light emitting surface 170a and the light reflecting surface 170b are examples of the “first resonator end surface” and the “second resonator end surface” of the present invention, respectively.
- the other element structure of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 170 according to the modification of the eighth embodiment is the same as that of the eighth embodiment.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed on the reflective surface 160c (see FIG. 29) made of the (000-1) plane in the eighth embodiment.
- a groove 172 is formed by performing dry etching in a direction (arrow C1 direction) from the surface (upper surface) to the n-type GaN substrate 161.
- the portion of the reflective surface 160c is removed, and a light emitting surface 170a that is an end surface substantially perpendicular to the main surface on the n-type GaN substrate 161 is easily formed.
- the crack 141 (see FIG. 29) of the foundation layer 140 is also removed along with the formation of the groove 172.
- the position at which a predetermined resonator end face is to be formed extends from the surface (upper surface) of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 to the n-type GaN substrate 161 (arrow).
- the groove 173 is formed by dry etching in the (C1 direction). Thereby, one side surface of the groove 173 is formed as the light reflecting surface 170 b of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 170. The other side surface of the groove 173 is formed as an end surface 170 d of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 170.
- the surface-emitting nitride semiconductor laser device 180 according to the ninth embodiment differs from the eighth embodiment in that the main surface having a substantially (11-2-3) plane is formed.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed on the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 181 using the n-type GaN substrate 181 that is included will be described.
- a reflective surface 180c is formed.
- the reflective surface 180c is formed of (000-1) facets.
- a light reflecting surface 180b and an end surface 180d are formed at both ends of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 180, respectively.
- the light emitting surface 180a and the light reflecting surface 180b are examples of the “first resonator end surface” and the “second resonator end surface” of the present invention, respectively.
- the remaining structure of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 180 according to the ninth embodiment is the same as that of the aforementioned eighth embodiment.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 when the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is grown on the base layer 140, the [11-20] direction is formed.
- the groove 182 is formed by performing dry etching in the direction (arrow C1 direction) reaching the n-type GaN substrate 181 from the surface (upper surface) of the semiconductor laser element layer 112. .
- the facet 180d (see FIG. 34) portion of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is removed, and the light emitting surface 180a that is an end surface substantially perpendicular to the main surface on the n-type GaN substrate 181 is easily formed.
- the crack 141 (see FIG. 34) of the foundation layer 140 is also removed along with the formation of the groove 182.
- the groove 183 is formed by the same manufacturing process as that in the eighth embodiment. Thereby, one side surface of the groove 183 is formed as the light reflecting surface 180b of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 180. The other side surface of the groove 183 is formed as an end surface 180 d of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 180.
- a surface-emitting nitride-based semiconductor laser device 200 having a structure similar to that of the surface-emitting nitride-based semiconductor laser device 180 shown in the ninth embodiment includes: It is fixed to a monitor built-in submount 210 made of Si.
- a recess 210a is formed at a substantially central portion of the monitor built-in submount 210, and a PD 211 is incorporated on the inner bottom surface of the recess 210a.
- the PD 211 is an example of the “photosensor” in the present invention.
- the main surface 210b of the monitor built-in PD submount 210 is formed substantially parallel to the back surface 210c.
- the surface-emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 200 is fixed on the main surface 210b so as to straddle the concave portion 210a opened in the main surface 210b of the monitor built-in submount 210 for monitoring.
- the surface-emitting nitride-based semiconductor laser device 200 is an end surface light emitting laser device, and as shown in FIG. 36, the laser light emitted from the light emitting layer 115 is the end surface 200a (light
- the emission intensity of the laser beam 201a (solid line) emitted from the emission surface) is configured to be greater than the emission intensity of the laser beam 201b (dashed line) emitted from the end surface 200b (light reflection surface).
- the end face 200a and the end face 200b are examples of the “second resonator end face” and the “first resonator end face” in the present invention, respectively.
- the laser light 201b emitted from the end surface 200b of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 200 to the reflecting surface 200c side is (000-1).
- the light is incident on the PD 211 provided on the monitor built-in submount 210 by a reflecting surface 200c.
- the laser beam 201b emitted from the end surface 200b made of the (000-1) plane of the light emitting layer 115 of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 200 is converted into the semiconductor laser element layer 112.
- the reflective surface 200c made of the (000-1) facet that is a facet during crystal growth of the crystal is configured to change the emission direction in a direction intersecting with the emission direction from the light emitting layer 115, and the surface emission type nitride system
- the laser beam 201b is configured to enter the PD 211 of the monitor PD built-in submount 210 substantially perpendicularly.
- the laser beam 201b (sample for monitoring the laser beam intensity of the edge-emitting laser element) in which light scattering is suppressed by the reflecting surface 200c having good flatness because it is a facet formed during crystal growth. Light) can be guided to the PD 211, so that the laser light intensity can be measured more accurately.
- the remaining effects of the tenth embodiment are similar to those of the aforementioned ninth embodiment.
- the surface emitting laser array 220 includes the surface emitting nitride-based semiconductor laser device 180 (see FIG. 33) according to the ninth embodiment in the vertical and horizontal directions on the wafer. Each is formed by arranging three (9 in total) in a two-dimensional array.
- the resonator is formed by an etching technique.
- a separation groove portion 221 is formed for separating the semiconductor laser element layers 112 of the surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 180 adjacent to each other in the direction (A direction) in the A direction.
- the separation groove 221 the light reflecting surface 180 b of the resonator end face of each surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 180 is formed in the semiconductor laser element layer 112.
- nine laser beams emitted from the light emitting surface 180a of each surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 180 of the surface emitting laser array 220 are (000 ⁇ 1) It is possible to emit upward by changing the emitting direction in the substantially same direction ([11-2-3] direction (C2 direction)) with respect to the light emitting surface 180a by the reflecting surface 180c formed of a surface. It is configured. As shown in FIG. 37, an end face 180d of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed at an end portion in the A2 direction of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 by dry etching in the manufacturing process. In FIG.
- the surface emitting laser array 220 is used to transmit nine laser beams emitted from the light emitting surface 180 a of each surface emitting nitride semiconductor laser element 180 to the semiconductor laser element layer 112.
- a reflecting surface 180c composed of a (000-1) face which is a facet at the time of crystal growth and changing the emitting direction in a direction substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 181, the light is emitted. Used as a light source for a surface emitting laser.
- the nitride semiconductor laser element 240 according to the twelfth embodiment is different from the sixth embodiment in that it has an n-type having a main surface of a substantially (1-10-4) plane.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed after a recess (groove 250 described later) extending in the [11-20] direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 39) is formed on the GaN substrate 241.
- the n-type GaN substrate 241 and the groove portion 250 are examples of the “substrate” and the “concave portion” of the present invention, respectively.
- a step 241a is formed at the end in the resonator direction (A direction).
- a semiconductor laser element layer 112 having a thickness of about 3.1 ⁇ m is formed on an n-type GaN substrate 241 having a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 has a length L4 between the laser element end portions (A direction) of about 1560 ⁇ m, and n-type semiconductor laser element layers 240 at both ends of the nitride-based semiconductor laser element 240.
- a light emitting surface 240 a and a light reflecting surface 240 b that are substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the GaN substrate 241 are formed.
- the light emitting surface 240a and the light reflecting surface 240b are examples of the “first resonator end surface” and the “second resonator end surface” of the present invention, respectively.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed on the main surface made of the substantially (1-10-4) plane of the n-type GaN substrate 241. Further, the stepped portion 241a formed under the light emitting surface 240a of the n-type GaN substrate 241 has an end surface 241b composed of a (1-101) plane substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 241. . As shown in FIG. 38, the light emitting surface 240a of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed by a substantially (1-101) surface formed when the crystal is grown so as to take over the end surface 241b of the n-type GaN substrate 241. Has been. The light reflecting surface 240b of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed by a ( ⁇ 110-1) plane that is an end surface perpendicular to the [ ⁇ 110-1] direction (A1 direction in FIG. 39).
- the element structure of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 of the nitride-based semiconductor laser element 240 according to the twelfth embodiment is the same as that of the sixth embodiment.
- the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 241 consisting of the substantially (1-10-4) plane has a width W2 of about 40 ⁇ m in the [1-101] direction (A direction).
- a groove 250 having a depth of about 2 ⁇ m and extending in the [11-20] direction (B direction) is formed by etching.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is crystal-grown on the n-type GaN substrate 241 using MOCVD.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 takes over the (1-101) surface of the groove 250 on the inner side surface 250a made of the (1-101) surface of the groove 250.
- the crystal grows while forming the (1-101) plane extending in the [1-10-4] direction (C2 direction).
- the (1-101) plane of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed as the light emitting surface 240 a of the nitride-based semiconductor laser element 240.
- the inner side surface 250a and the inner side surface 250b are examples of the “inner side surface of the recess” in the present invention.
- the current blocking layer 118 (see FIG. 38) and the p-side electrode 119 are formed on the semiconductor laser element layer 112 by the same manufacturing process as in the sixth embodiment. 42, after polishing the back surface of the n-type GaN substrate 241, the n-side electrode 120 is formed on the back surface of the n-type GaN substrate 241 using a vacuum evaporation method.
- the position at which a predetermined resonator end face is to be formed extends from the surface (upper surface) of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 to the n-type GaN substrate 241 (arrow).
- a groove portion 251 having a substantially ( ⁇ 110-1) plane on one side surface of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed.
- the substantially ( ⁇ 110-1) surface, which is one side surface of the groove 251 is easily formed as the light reflecting surface 240 b of the nitride semiconductor laser element 240.
- the groove 251 is formed so as to extend in the [11-20] direction (the B direction in FIG. 42) substantially parallel to the direction in which the groove 250 extends in plan view.
- scribe grooves 252 are formed in the groove portions 250 and 251 in parallel with the groove portions 250, respectively. In this state, as shown in FIG. 42, separation is performed at the position of the scribe groove 252. As shown in FIG. 38, the groove portion 250 of the n-type GaN substrate 241 becomes a step portion 241a formed in the lower portion of the light emitting surface 240a after the element division.
- the nitride semiconductor laser device 240 according to the twelfth embodiment shown in FIG. 38 is formed by dividing the device along the resonator direction (A direction in FIG. 39) into chips.
- the light emitting surface 240a formed of a substantially (1-101) plane substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 241, a semiconductor laser device is manufactured in terms of the manufacturing process.
- the light emitting surface 240a made of the (1-101) plane is formed so as to take over the inner side surface 250a made of the (1-101) face of the groove 250 formed in the n-type GaN substrate 241. be able to.
- the (1-101) plane having no cleavage property is used as the resonator plane, the light emitting surface 240a can be formed without using an etching process.
- the light emitting surface 240a composed of the (1-101) plane by crystal growth, the growth is made as compared with the growth layer surface of the nitride-based semiconductor element layer when the (1-101) end face is not formed.
- the flatness of the layer surface (main surface) can be improved.
- the remaining effects of the twelfth embodiment are similar to those of the aforementioned sixth embodiment.
- the n-type GaN substrate 261 having a main surface substantially composed of (11-2-5) plane. A case where the base layer 140 and the semiconductor laser element layer 112 are formed thereon will be described.
- the n-type GaN substrate 261 is an example of the “substrate” in the present invention.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed on the main surface made of the substantially (1-10-2) plane of the n-type GaN substrate 261 via the base layer 140.
- the light emitting surface 260a of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed by a facet (11-22) formed when the crystal is grown so as to take over the inner surface 141a of the crack 141 of the underlayer 140.
- the light reflecting surface 260b of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed by a ( ⁇ 1-12-2) plane which is an end surface perpendicular to the [11-22] direction (A2 direction in FIG. 43).
- the light emitting surface 260a and the light reflecting surface 260b are examples of the “first resonator end surface” and the “second resonator end surface” in the present invention, respectively. Further, a stepped portion 260d is formed below the light reflecting surface 260b.
- the element structure of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 of the nitride-based semiconductor laser element 260 according to the thirteenth embodiment is the same as that of the sixth embodiment.
- the base layer 140 is grown on the n-type GaN substrate 261 by the same manufacturing process as in the sixth embodiment. Note that a crack 141 is formed in the underlayer 140 due to the difference in lattice constant between the n-type GaN substrate 261 and the underlayer 140.
- the crack 141 is formed in a stripe shape along the [1-100] direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 44).
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed on the underlayer 140 by the same manufacturing process as in the sixth embodiment.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 when the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is grown on the base layer 140, the inner surface 141a of the crack 141 extending in a stripe shape in the [1-100] direction.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 grows while forming a (11-22) plane extending in the [11-2-5] direction (C2 direction).
- the (11-22) plane of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed as the light emitting surface 260 a of the nitride-based semiconductor laser element 260.
- the crystal grows while forming a (000-1) facet 260c extending in the direction.
- the current blocking layer 118 (see FIG. 3) and the p-side electrode 119 are formed on the semiconductor laser element layer 112.
- the n-side electrode 120 is formed on the back surface of the n-type GaN substrate 261 using a vacuum evaporation method.
- the position at which a predetermined resonator end face is to be formed extends from the surface (upper surface) of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 to the n-type GaN substrate 261 (arrow C1 direction).
- a groove 162 having a substantially ( ⁇ 1-12-2) plane on one side surface of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 is formed.
- the substantially ( ⁇ 1-12-2) surface, which is one side surface of the groove 162 is easily formed as the light reflecting surface 260 b of the nitride-based semiconductor laser element 260.
- the groove 162 is formed so as to extend in the [1-100] direction (B direction) substantially parallel to the direction in which the crack 141 extends when viewed in plan.
- a scribe groove 263 is formed in the crack 141 and the groove portion 162 in parallel with the groove portion 162 by laser scribe or mechanical scribe.
- the wafer is separated at the position of the scribe groove 263 as shown in FIG.
- the groove 162 of the n-type GaN substrate 261 becomes a stepped portion 260d formed under the light reflecting surface 260b after the element is divided.
- the nitride semiconductor laser device 260 according to the thirteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 43 is formed by dividing the device along the resonator direction (A direction in FIG. 43) into chips.
- the semiconductor laser device is manufactured in terms of the manufacturing process.
- the light emitting surface 260a composed of the (11-22) plane can be formed so as to take over the inner side surface 141a of the crack 141 formed in the n-type GaN substrate 261 simultaneously with the crystal growth of the layer 112.
- the (11-22) plane having no cleavage property is used as the resonator plane, the light emitting surface 260a can be formed without using an etching process.
- the flatness of the growth layer surface (main surface) can be improved by forming the light emitting surface 260a composed of the (11-22) plane by crystal growth.
- the thickness is smaller on the n-type GaN substrate 261 (see FIG. 44) than the thickness of the thirteenth embodiment (about 3 to about 4 ⁇ m).
- a base layer 140 having a thickness about the critical thickness is grown.
- a tensile stress R is generated in the underlayer 140 by the same action as in the thirteenth embodiment.
- the scribe flaw 280 is also divided in the depth direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 45).
- an inner side surface 281 a (shown by a broken line in FIG. 46) reaching the vicinity of the interface between the foundation layer 140 and the n-type GaN substrate 261 is formed in the crack 281.
- the inner side surface 281a is formed substantially perpendicular to the main surface made of the (11-2-5) plane of the n-type GaN substrate 261.
- the inner side surface 281a is an example of the “inner side surface of the recess” in the present invention.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 112 has a predetermined direction with respect to the [11-2-5] direction.
- the crystal grows while forming a (000-1) facet 260c (see FIG. 44) extending in a direction inclined by an angle (about 57 °).
- the inner side surface 281b is an example of the “inner side surface of the recess” in the present invention.
- the remaining element structure and manufacturing process of the nitride-based semiconductor laser element 260 (see FIG. 44) in the modification of the thirteenth embodiment are the same as those in the thirteenth embodiment.
- the base layer 140 is formed on the n-type GaN substrate 261 with a thickness of about the critical thickness when the crack 281 is formed, and then the base layer 140 is formed.
- the scribe flaws 280 having a broken line shape (approximately 40 ⁇ m intervals) extending in the B direction at equal intervals in the A direction
- the base layer 140 is parallel to the B direction with the scribe flaw 280 having a broken line as a starting point.
- cracks 281 are formed at equal intervals in the resonator direction.
- nitride semiconductor laser element 260 see FIG. 29
- the remaining effects of the modification of the thirteenth embodiment are similar to those of the aforementioned thirteenth embodiment.
- one end in the resonator direction (direction A) (the end of the light emitting surface 300a).
- a step portion 311a is formed on the surface.
- a semiconductor laser element layer 312 having a thickness of about 3.1 ⁇ m is formed on an n-type GaN substrate 311 having a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 312 has a resonator length of about 1500 ⁇ m, and the n-type GaN substrate 311 is formed at both ends of the resonator direction (A direction) which is the [0001] direction.
- a light emitting surface 300a and a light reflecting surface 300b that are substantially perpendicular to the main surface are formed.
- the n-type GaN substrate 311 and the semiconductor laser element layer 312 are examples of the “substrate” and the “nitride-based semiconductor layer” of the present invention, respectively, and the light emission surface 300a is the “first side surface” of the present invention. And “crystal growth facet”.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 312 is formed on the main surface made of the (1-100) plane of the n-type GaN substrate 311. Further, the step portion 311 a of the n-type GaN substrate 311 has an end surface 311 b composed of a (000-1) plane substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 311. As shown in FIG. 48, the light emitting surface 300a of the semiconductor laser element layer 312 is composed of (000-1) facets formed when the crystal is grown so as to take over the end surface 311b of the n-type GaN substrate 311. ing. Further, the light reflecting surface 300b of the semiconductor laser element layer 312 is constituted by a (0001) plane which is an end surface perpendicular to the [0001] direction (A1 direction in FIG. 48).
- the semiconductor laser element layer 312 has an n-type cladding layer 313 made of AlGaN having a thickness of about 3 ⁇ m and a thickness of about 75 nm in order from the side closer to the upper surface of the n-type GaN substrate 311. And an active layer 314 in which three quantum well layers made of InGaN and three barrier layers made of GaN are alternately stacked. Further, as shown in FIG. 47, on the active layer 314, a flat portion having a thickness of about 0.05 ⁇ m and a protrusion protruding upward (C2 direction) from a substantially central portion of the flat portion are formed with a thickness of about 1 ⁇ m.
- a p-type cladding layer 315 made of AlGaN having a convex portion having a thickness is formed.
- a p-type contact layer 316 made of undoped In 0.07 Ga 0.93 N having a thickness of about 3 nm is formed on the convex portion of the p-type cladding layer 315.
- the ridge 331 of the nitride-based semiconductor laser device 300 is configured by the convex portion of the p-type cladding layer 315 and the p-type contact layer 316.
- n-type cladding layer 313, the active layer 314, the quantum well layer, the barrier layer, the p-type cladding layer 315, and the p-type contact layer 316 are examples of the “nitride-based semiconductor layer” in the present invention.
- SiO having a thickness of about 0.1 ⁇ m so as to cover the upper surface of the flat portion other than the convex portion of the p-type cladding layer 315 of the semiconductor laser element layer 312 and both side surfaces of the ridge 331.
- a current blocking layer 317 made of 2 is formed.
- the region closer to the upper surface of the p-type cladding layer 315 is about 5 nm.
- a p-side electrode 318 made of a Pt layer having a thickness of approximately 100 nm, a Pd layer having a thickness of approximately 100 nm, and an Au layer having a thickness of approximately 150 nm is formed.
- the p-side electrode 318 is formed so as to cover the upper surface of the current blocking layer 317.
- a contact layer having a smaller band gap than that of the p-type cladding layer 315 may be formed between the p-type cladding layer 315 and the p-side electrode 318.
- an Al layer having a thickness of about 10 nm and a Pt layer having a thickness of about 20 nm are sequentially formed from the side closer to the n-type GaN substrate 311.
- An n-side electrode 319 made of an Au layer having a thickness of about 300 nm is formed.
- the groove 320 has an inner side surface 320a composed of a (000-1) plane substantially perpendicular to the (1-100) plane of the n-type GaN substrate 311. Then, an inner side surface 320b composed of a (0001) plane substantially perpendicular to the (1-100) plane of the n-type GaN substrate 311 is formed.
- the groove 320, the inner side surface 320a, and the inner side surface 320b are examples of the “concave portion”, “one inner side surface of the concave portion”, and “the other inner side surface of the concave portion” of the present invention, respectively.
- FIG. 49 shows a cross-sectional structure along the resonator direction of the semiconductor laser element layer 312 where the p-type contact layer 316 (see FIG. 47) is not formed.
- the semiconductor laser device layer 312 when the semiconductor laser device layer 312 is grown on the n-type GaN substrate 311, (000-1) of the groove 320 extending in the [11-20] direction.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 312 forms a (000-1) plane extending in the [1-100] direction (C2 direction) so as to take over the (000-1) plane of the groove 320 on the inner side surface 320a composed of a plane. Crystal grows.
- the (000-1) plane of the semiconductor laser element layer 312 is formed as the light emitting surface 300 a in the nitride-based semiconductor laser element 300.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 312 has a predetermined angle with respect to the [1-100] direction.
- the crystal grows while forming a (1-101) facet 300c extending in an inclined direction.
- the facet 300c is an example of the “second aspect” and “crystal growth facet” in the present invention. Thereby, the facet 300c is formed so as to form an obtuse angle with respect to the upper surface (main surface) of the semiconductor laser element layer 312.
- p-type annealing treatment is performed under a temperature condition of about 800 ° C. in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- a ridge 331 is formed on the upper surface of the p-type contact layer 316, and then the upper surface of the flat portion other than the convex portion of the p-type cladding layer 315 and both side surfaces of the ridge 331 are covered.
- a current blocking layer 317 is formed on the substrate.
- a p-side electrode 318 is formed on the current blocking layer 317 and on the p-type contact layer 316 where the current blocking layer 317 is not formed.
- 50 shows a cross-sectional structure along the cavity direction of the semiconductor laser element at the position where the p-type contact layer 316 is formed.
- the n-side electrode is formed on the back surface of the n-type GaN substrate 311. 319 is formed.
- a laser scriber or a mechanical scriber is used to form a position corresponding to the (000-1) semiconductor end face on the back surface of the n-side electrode 319 and a position where a predetermined (0001) plane is to be formed.
- a linear scribe groove 321 is formed so as to extend parallel to the groove 320 of the n-type GaN substrate 311 (direction B in FIG. 47).
- the wafer is cleaved at the position of the scribe groove 321 by applying a load with the back surface of the n-type GaN substrate 311 as a fulcrum so that the front surface of the wafer opens.
- the (0001) plane of the semiconductor laser element layer 312 is formed as the light reflecting surface 300 b in the nitride-based semiconductor laser element 300.
- the n-type GaN substrate 311 in the region corresponding to the groove 320 is divided along a cleavage line 950 that connects the groove 320 and the scribe groove 321.
- the groove part 320 of the n-type GaN substrate 311 becomes a step part 311a formed in the lower part of the light emitting surface 300a after the element division.
- a semiconductor laser device 300 is formed.
- the growth rate at which the (000-1) plane starting from the inner side surface 320a of the groove 320 is formed is slower than the growth rate at which the upper surface of the growth layer (the main surface of the semiconductor laser element layer 312) grows. Therefore, the upper surface (main surface) of the growth layer grows while maintaining flatness.
- a surface with a slow growth rate such as the (000-1) plane has a low surface energy
- a surface with a high growth rate such as the (1-100) plane has a high surface energy. Since the surface during crystal growth is more stable when the surface energy is small, when performing crystal growth with only the (1-100) plane as the growth plane, the surface energy is smaller than that of the (1-100) plane ( Surfaces other than the (1-100) plane are likely to appear. As a result, the flatness of the growth surface (main surface) tends to be impaired.
- the (1-100) plane is grown while forming the (000-1) plane having a small surface energy, crystal growth is performed using only the (1-100) plane as the growth plane.
- the surface energy of the growth surface can be reduced. This is thought to improve the flatness of the growth surface. From the above consideration, the flatness of the surface of the semiconductor laser element layer 312 having the active layer 314 is further improved as compared with the growth layer surface of the semiconductor laser element layer 312 when the (000-1) end face is not formed. be able to.
- the semiconductor laser device layer 312 having the light emitting surface 300a having the (000-1) plane starting from the inner side surface 320a of the groove 320 is provided, thereby providing not only the upper surface of the growth layer but also the light emitting surface 300a. Can also be formed as a flat end face made of the (000-1) plane. Therefore, if the method for forming a nitride-based semiconductor layer according to the present invention is applied to a method for forming a semiconductor laser device, the semiconductor laser device layer 312 having a resonator end face composed of a (000-1) plane without using a cleavage step.
- the (active layer 314) can be formed.
- the step of forming the semiconductor laser device layer 312 is performed in the groove portion 320 in a region facing the light emitting surface 300a including the (000-1) plane.
- the upper surface of the growth layer semiconductor Since the growth rate at which the facet 300c starting from the inner side surface 320b of the groove 320 is formed is slower than the growth rate at which the main surface of the laser element layer 312 grows, the upper surface (main surface) of the growth layer has flatness. Grow while keeping.
- the inner surface 320a of the groove 320 includes the (000-1) plane, so that (000 ⁇ 1)
- the (000-1) plane of the semiconductor laser element layer 312 is taken over the (000-1) plane of the inner side surface 320a of the groove 320. Therefore, the light emitting surface 300a composed of the (000-1) plane can be easily formed on the n-type GaN substrate 311.
- the light emitting surface 300a and the facet 300c of the semiconductor laser device layer 312 are formed from the facets formed during crystal growth of the semiconductor laser device layer 312.
- two types of facets (end faces) that is, the light emitting surface 300a and the facet 300c can be formed simultaneously with the crystal growth of the semiconductor laser element layer 312.
- the facet 300c is formed of the (1-101) plane, whereby the (1-101) plane is formed on the n-type GaN substrate 311.
- the (1-101) facet 300c is formed on the n-type GaN substrate 311 as compared with the upper surface (main surface) of the growth layer of the semiconductor laser element layer 312 in the case of forming a side surface (end surface) whose surface orientation is significantly different from that of the surface.
- the main surface (upper surface) of the growth layer can be surely flat.
- the (1-101) plane is a plane equivalent to the (10-11) plane which is an example of the ⁇ A + B, A, -2A-B, 2A + B ⁇ plane.
- the reason why the growth surface can be formed to have flatness as described above is that the growth speed is slower than the (1-100) plane ⁇ A + B while the (1-100) plane is grown as the main surface.
- A, ⁇ 2A ⁇ B, 2A + B ⁇ are grown as side surfaces, the surface energy of the growth surface can be reduced, and the flatness of the (1-100) plane that is the main surface is improved. Conceivable.
- the (1-101) facet 300c has a slower growth rate than the main surface of the semiconductor laser element layer 312, the facet 300c can be easily formed by crystal growth.
- the substrate is configured to be an n-type GaN substrate 311 made of a nitride-based semiconductor such as GaN.
- a semiconductor laser element layer 312 having a light emitting surface 300a composed of a (000-1) plane and a (1-101) facet 300c is obtained by using crystal growth of the semiconductor laser element layer 312 on the n-type GaN substrate 311 It can be formed easily.
- the light emitting surface 300a of the semiconductor laser device layer 312 is set to the main surface ((1-100) surface) of the n-type GaN substrate 311.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 312 active layer 3114 having the cavity end face composed of the light emitting surface 300a without using a cleavage step.
- the semiconductor laser device layer 312 is formed on the n-type GaN substrate 311 having the main surface composed of the nonpolar plane ((1-100) plane). By doing so, an internal electric field such as a piezoelectric field or spontaneous polarization generated in the semiconductor element layer (active layer 314) can be further reduced. As a result, the nitride-based semiconductor laser device 300 with improved laser light emission efficiency can be formed.
- the nitride semiconductor laser device 350 has a manufacturing process after an underlayer 352 is formed on an n-type GaN substrate 351, unlike the fourteenth embodiment. A case where the semiconductor laser element layer 312 is formed will be described.
- the n-type GaN substrate 351 is an example of the “underlying substrate” in the present invention.
- a step portion 351a is formed on the surface.
- a semiconductor laser element layer 312 having a structure similar to that of the fourteenth embodiment is formed on an n-type GaN substrate 351 having a main surface made of a (1-100) plane.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 312 has a resonator length of about 1500 ⁇ m, and is substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 351 at both end portions in the resonator direction (A direction) which is the [0001] direction.
- a light emitting surface 350a and a light reflecting surface 350b are respectively formed.
- the light emitting surface 350a is an example of the “first side surface” and the “crystal growth facet” in the present invention.
- the base layer 352 is formed. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 52, an underlayer 352 made of AlGaN having a thickness of about 3 to about 4 ⁇ m is grown on an n-type GaN substrate 351. At this time, a crack 353 is formed in the base layer 352 due to a difference in lattice constant in the [0001] direction between the n-type GaN substrate 351 and the base layer 352.
- the crack 353 is striped along the [11-20] direction substantially orthogonal to the [0001] direction of the n-type GaN substrate 351. Is formed to extend.
- the crack 353 is an example of the “concave portion” in the present invention.
- the crack 353 when the crack 353 is formed in the base layer 352, the crack 353 includes the (000-1) plane of the AlGaN layer and the (1-100) of the upper surface of the n-type GaN substrate 351. ) An inner surface 353a reaching the vicinity of the surface is formed.
- the inner side surface 353a is formed substantially perpendicular to the main surface made of the (1-100) plane of the n-type GaN substrate 351.
- the inner side surface 353a is an example of “one inner side surface of the recess” in the present invention.
- FIG. 52 shows a cross-sectional structure along the resonator direction (A direction) of the semiconductor laser element layer 312 where the p-type contact layer 316 (see FIG. 51) is not formed.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 312 when the semiconductor laser element layer 312 is grown on the base layer 352, the (000-1) plane of the crack 353 extending in a stripe shape in the B direction is included.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 312 grows while forming a (000-1) plane extending in the [1-100] direction (C2 direction) so as to take over the (000-1) plane of the crack 353.
- the (000-1) plane of the semiconductor laser element layer 312 is formed as the light emitting surface 350 a of the pair of resonator end faces in the nitride-based semiconductor laser element 350.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 312 extends in a direction inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to the [1-100] direction (C2 direction).
- C2 direction the [1-100] direction
- (1-101) Crystal growth is performed while forming the facet 350c.
- the facet 350c is an example of the “second side surface” and “crystal growth facet” in the present invention
- the inner side surface 353b is an example of “the other inner side surface of the recess” in the present invention.
- facet 350c is formed so as to form an obtuse angle with respect to the upper surface (main surface) of semiconductor laser element layer 312.
- n-side electrode 319 has a n-side electrode 319 at a position corresponding to the (000-1) semiconductor end face and a position where a predetermined (0001) plane is desired to be formed by laser scribe or mechanical scribe.
- a linear scribe groove 354 extending in parallel with the crack 353 of the type GaN substrate 351 is formed. In this state, as shown in FIG.
- the wafer is cleaved at the position of the scribe groove 354 by applying a load with the back surface of the n-type GaN substrate 351 as a fulcrum so that the front surface (upper surface) of the wafer opens.
- the (0001) plane of the semiconductor laser element layer 312 is formed as the light reflecting surface 350 b of the nitride-based semiconductor laser element 350.
- the n-type GaN substrate 351 in the region corresponding to the crack 353 is divided along a cleavage line 950 connecting the crack 353 and the scribe groove 354. As shown in FIG. 51, the crack 353 of the n-type GaN substrate 351 becomes a stepped portion 351a formed in the lower portion of the light emitting surface 350a after the element division.
- the device is divided into chips along the resonator direction (direction A in FIG. 51), thereby forming a nitride using the nitride-based semiconductor layer forming method according to the fifteenth embodiment shown in FIG.
- a semiconductor laser device 350 is formed.
- the base layer 352 made of AlGaN is formed on the n-type GaN substrate 351 as described above, and the lattice constant c 1 of the n-type GaN substrate 351 is formed.
- the lattice constant c 2 of the base layer 352 have a relationship of c 1 > c 2 , so that when the base layer 352 is formed on the n-type GaN substrate 351, [ Since the lattice constant c 2 in the [0001] direction is smaller than the lattice constant c 1 in the [0001] direction of the n-type GaN substrate 351 (c 1 > c 2 ), an attempt is made to match the lattice constant c 1 of the n-type GaN substrate 351. A tensile stress is generated inside the underlayer 352.
- the underlayer 352 when the thickness of the underlayer 352 is equal to or greater than a predetermined thickness, the underlayer 352 does not endure the tensile stress and a crack 353 is formed along the (000-1) plane.
- the inner surface (the (000-1) plane) serving as a reference for forming the light emitting surface 350a ((000-1) plane) of the semiconductor laser element layer 312 on the base layer 352 during crystal growth.
- the inner side surface 353a) of the crack 353 can be easily formed in the base layer 352.
- the step of forming the (000-1) plane substantially perpendicular to the main surface made of the (1-100) plane of the n-type GaN substrate 351 is included.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 312 is formed on the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 351 by including a step of forming a crack 353 (inner side surface 353a including the (000-1) plane) accompanying the lattice constant difference in the base layer 352.
- a light emitting surface 350a composed of a (000-1) surface so as to take over the inner surface 353a using the inner surface 353a ((000-1) surface) of the crack 353 formed in the base layer 352.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 312 having the above can be easily formed.
- the step of forming the (000-1) plane substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 351 includes forming the n-type By including the step of forming the inner side surface 353a including the (000-1) plane formed substantially parallel to the (0001) plane substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the GaN substrate 351, the n-type GaN
- the semiconductor laser element layer 312 is formed on the substrate 351, the light on the (000-1) plane is taken over by the inner surface 353a formed of the (000-1) plane formed on the base layer 352 due to the lattice constant difference.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 312 having the emission surface 350a can be easily formed.
- the remaining effects of the fifteenth embodiment are similar to those of the aforementioned fourteenth embodiment.
- the nitride-based semiconductor laser device 360 formed by using the method for forming a nitride-based semiconductor layer according to the sixteenth embodiment differs from the fifteenth embodiment in that (11-2 -5)
- the case where the semiconductor laser element layer 312 is formed after forming the base layer 362 on the n-type GaN substrate 361 using the n-type GaN substrate 361 having the main surface composed of the plane will be described.
- the n-type GaN substrate 361 is an example of the “underlying substrate” in the present invention.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 312 is formed on the main surface made of the substantially (11-2-5) plane of the n-type GaN substrate 361 via the base layer 362. Further, the stepped portion 161 a of the n-type GaN substrate 361 has an end surface 361 b composed of a (11-22) plane substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 361. As shown in FIG. 54, the light emitting surface 360a of the semiconductor laser element layer 312 is composed of (11-22) facets formed when the crystal is grown so as to take over the end surface 361b of the n-type GaN substrate 361. ing.
- the light reflecting surface 360b of the semiconductor laser element layer 312 is constituted by a ( ⁇ 1-12-2) plane which is an end surface perpendicular to the [11-22] direction (A2 direction in FIG. 54).
- the light emitting surface 360a is an example of the “first side surface” and the “crystal growth facet” in the present invention.
- the remaining structure of the nitride semiconductor laser element 360 formed by using the formation method according to the sixteenth embodiment is the same as that of the fifteenth embodiment.
- an underlying layer 362 made of AlGaN having a thickness of about 3 to about 4 ⁇ m is grown on the n-type GaN substrate 361 by the same manufacturing process as in the fifteenth embodiment. Note that since the lattice constant c 2 of the base layer 362 is smaller than the lattice constant c 1 of the n-type GaN substrate 361 (c 1 > c 2 ), the base layer 352 has cracks 363 as shown in FIG. Is formed.
- the difference in the c-axis lattice constant between GaN and AlGaN is larger than the difference in the a-axis lattice constant between GaN and AlGaN, so that the crack 363 has the (0001) plane and the n-type GaN substrate 361. Are formed in stripes along the [1-100] direction parallel to the (11-2-5) plane of the main surface.
- the n-type cladding layer 313, the active layer 314, the p-type cladding layer 315, and the p-type contact layer 316 are formed on the base layer 362 by the same manufacturing process as in the fifteenth embodiment. ) Are sequentially stacked to form the semiconductor laser element layer 312.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 312 when the semiconductor laser element layer 312 is grown on the base layer 362, on the inner side surface 363a of the crack 363 extending in a stripe shape in the [1-100] direction.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 312 grows while forming a (11-22) plane extending in the [11-2-5] direction (C2 direction).
- the (11-22) plane of the semiconductor laser element layer 312 is formed as the light emitting surface 360a of the nitride-based semiconductor laser element 360.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 312 is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the [11-2-5] direction (C2 direction).
- the crystal grows while forming a (000-1) facet 360c extending in the direction.
- the facet 360c is an example of the “second side surface” and the “crystal growth facet” in the present invention
- the crack 363 is an example of the “concave portion”.
- the inner side surface 363a and the inner side surface 363b are examples of “one inner side surface of the recess” and “the other inner side surface of the recess” in the present invention, respectively.
- the facet 360c is formed so as to form an obtuse angle with respect to the upper surface (main surface) of the semiconductor laser element layer 312.
- the current blocking layer 317 and the p-side electrode 318 are formed on the semiconductor laser element layer 312 as shown in FIG. 55 by the same manufacturing process as in the fifteenth embodiment. Further, as shown in FIG. 55, after the back surface of the n-type GaN substrate 361 is polished so that the thickness of the n-type GaN substrate 361 becomes about 100 ⁇ m, the back surface of the n-type GaN substrate 361 is used by vacuum evaporation. An n-side electrode 319 is formed on the n-type GaN substrate 361 so as to be in contact therewith.
- the position at which a predetermined resonator end face is to be formed extends from the surface (upper surface) of the semiconductor laser element layer 312 to the n-type GaN substrate 361 (in the direction of arrow C1). ) Is subjected to dry etching to form a groove portion 364 having a substantially ( ⁇ 1-12-2) plane on one side surface of the semiconductor laser element layer 312. As a result, a substantially ( ⁇ 1-12-2) surface, which is one side surface of the groove 364, is formed as the light reflecting surface 360 b in the nitride-based semiconductor laser device 360.
- a linear scribe groove 365 is formed by laser scribe or mechanical scribe so as to extend parallel to the groove 364 of the n-type GaN substrate 361 (in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 55). In this state, as shown in FIG.
- the wafer is separated at the position of the scribe groove 365 by applying a load with the back surface of the n-type GaN substrate 361 as a fulcrum so that the front surface (upper surface) of the wafer opens.
- the n-type GaN substrate 361 in the region corresponding to the crack 363 is divided along a cleavage line 950 connecting the crack 363 and the scribe groove 365.
- the crack 363 of the n-type GaN substrate 361 becomes a stepped portion 161a formed under the light emitting surface 360a after the element is divided.
- the nitride semiconductor laser device 360 according to the sixteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 54 is formed by dividing the device along the resonator direction (direction A in FIG. 54) into chips.
- the step of forming the semiconductor laser device layer 312 is performed in a region facing the light emitting surface 360a composed of the (11-22) plane.
- the semiconductor laser element layer 312 is crystal-grown on the n-type GaN substrate 361 by including the step of forming the semiconductor laser element layer 312 having the facet 360c starting from the inner side surface 363b of the crack 363, Since the growth rate at which the facet 360c starting from the inner surface 363b of the crack 363 is formed is slower than the growth rate at which the upper surface of the growth layer (the main surface of the semiconductor laser element layer 312) grows, the upper surface ( The main surface) grows while maintaining flatness.
- the (000-1) plane is formed on the n-type GaN substrate 361 by configuring the facet 360c to have the (000-1) plane.
- the (000-1) facet 360c is formed on the n-type GaN substrate 361 as compared with the upper surface (main surface) of the growth layer of the semiconductor laser element layer 312 when the side surface (end surface) having a greatly different plane orientation is formed. In this case, the main surface (upper surface) of the growth layer can be surely flat. Further, since the facet 360c has a growth rate slower than that of the main surface of the semiconductor laser element layer 312, the facet 360c can be easily formed by crystal growth.
- the light emitting surface 360a of the semiconductor laser device layer 312 is substantially perpendicular to the (11-2-5) plane of the n-type GaN substrate 361. With this configuration, it is possible to easily form the semiconductor laser element layer 312 (active layer 314) having the cavity end face made of the light emitting surface 360a without using a cleavage step.
- FIG. 56 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the structure of a light-emitting diode chip formed by using the forming method according to the seventeenth embodiment of the present invention.
- an n-type GaN substrate 411 having a main surface made of (1-10-2) plane is used in the light-emitting diode chip 400 formed by using the forming method according to the seventeenth embodiment.
- the light emitting element layer 422 is formed after forming the crack 431 extending in a stripe shape in the [11-20] direction of the n-type GaN substrate 411 (direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 56) on the base layer 430 on the main surface Will be described.
- the n-type GaN substrate 411 is an example of the “underlying substrate” in the present invention.
- the underlayer 430 made of Al 0.05 Ga 0.95 N has the same operation as that of the second embodiment.
- the [11-20] direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 56) parallel to the (0001) plane of the base layer 430 and the (1-10-2) plane of the main surface of the n-type GaN substrate 411
- a crack 431 extending in a stripe shape is formed.
- a light emitting element layer 422 is formed by sequentially laminating a light emitting layer 424 made of MQW in which a barrier layer made of 9 In 0.1 N is laminated, and a p-type cladding layer 425.
- the light emitting element layer 422 is grown on the n-type GaN substrate 411, the light emitting element layer 422 is formed on the inner surface 431a of the crack 431 extending in a stripe shape in the [11-20] direction.
- the crystal grows while forming a (000-1) facet 422c extending in a direction inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to the [1-10-2] direction (C2 direction).
- the light emitting element layer 422 is in a direction inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to the [1-10-2] direction (C2 direction) of the n-type GaN substrate 411.
- the crystal grows while forming the extended (1-101) facet 422d.
- the facet 422c is an example of the “first side face” and “crystal growth facet” in the present invention
- the facet 422d is an example of the “second side face” and “crystal growth facet” in the present invention.
- the remaining manufacturing process according to the seventeenth embodiment is the same as that of the second embodiment.
- the light emitting diode chip 400 using the forming method according to the seventeenth embodiment shown in FIG. 56 is formed.
- the effects in the manufacturing process of the light-emitting diode chip 400 according to the seventeenth embodiment are the same as those in the sixth embodiment.
- the light-emitting element layer (light-emitting element layer 12 and the like) is formed of a nitride-based semiconductor layer such as AlGaN or InGaN are shown.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the light emitting element layer may be formed of a nitride semiconductor layer having a wurtzite structure made of AlN, InN, BN, TlN, and mixed crystals thereof.
- the semiconductor laser element layer is shown as being formed of a nitride-based semiconductor element layer such as AlGaN or InGaN.
- the semiconductor laser element layer may be formed of a nitride semiconductor element layer having a wurtzite structure made of AlN, InN, BN, TlN, or a mixed crystal thereof.
- the light-emitting element layer 12 is crystal-grown after the groove 21 is formed on the main surface composed of the a-plane ((11-20) plane) of the n-type GaN substrate.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a groove (concave portion) is formed on a main surface perpendicular to the (000 ⁇ 1) plane of an n-type GaN substrate such as an m-plane ((1-100) plane).
- a light emitting element layer may be formed above.
- the crack 51 is spontaneously formed in the underlayer 50 using the lattice constant difference between the n-type GaN substrate 81 and the underlayer 50 is used.
- the present invention is not limited to this, as in the third embodiment, a crack in which the generation position of a crack is controlled by forming a broken-line-shaped scribe flaw on the underlayer on the n-type GaN substrate is shown. You may make it form.
- a GaN substrate is used as a substrate.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- an r-plane ((1-102) plane) sapphire substrate on which a nitride-based semiconductor whose main surface is an a-plane ((11-20) plane) is grown Alternatively, an a-plane SiC substrate or an m-plane SiC substrate on which a nitride semiconductor having an m-plane ((1-100) plane) as a main surface is grown in advance may be used. May also be used such as LiAlO 2 substrate or LiGaO 2 substrate previously grown non-polar nitride-based semiconductor described above.
- an n-type GaN substrate is used as a base substrate.
- an underlayer made of AlGaN is formed on an n-type GaN substrate.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and an InGaN substrate is used as the undersubstrate, and the InGaN substrate is made of GaN or AlGaN.
- An underlayer may be formed.
- the difference in lattice constant between the n-type GaN substrate and the underlayer is utilized.
- both ends of the underlayer in the B direction (corresponding to the end of the n-type GaN substrate in the B direction) Scribe flaws may be formed only in the region where the scribe is performed. Even if comprised in this way, the crack extended in a B direction can be introduce
- the scribe flaws 70 for introducing cracks are formed in the underlayer 50 in the shape of broken lines (interval of about 50 ⁇ m) is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this. Scribe flaws may be formed at both ends of the formation 50 in the B direction (see FIG. 12) (regions corresponding to the ends of the n-type GaN substrate 61). Even if comprised in this way, the crack extended in a B direction can be introduce
- the semiconductor laser device layer 12 is formed on the main surface made of the m-plane ((1-100) plane) of the n-type GaN substrate.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a surface perpendicular to the (000 ⁇ 1) plane of the n-type GaN substrate such as the a plane ((11-20) plane) is formed when the semiconductor laser element layer is formed.
- the main surface may be used.
- cracks are spontaneously generated in the underlayer using the lattice constant difference between the n-type GaN substrate and the underlayer.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and, similarly to the modified example of the thirteenth embodiment, by forming scribe scratches in the form of broken lines on the underlayer on the n-type GaN substrate. A crack whose generation position is controlled may be formed.
- the (000-1) surface of the two facets formed when the semiconductor laser device layer 112 is formed is used as the reflecting surface (180c).
- the present invention is not limited to this, and as in the modified example of the eighth embodiment, a surface emitting nitride semiconductor is used with the (11-22) facet of the semiconductor laser element layer 112 as a reflective surface.
- a laser element may be formed.
- the (1-101) end surface of the semiconductor laser device layer 112 is a light emitting surface 240a
- the ( ⁇ 110-1) end surface is a light reflecting surface 240b.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the ( ⁇ 110-1) end surface may be a light emitting surface and the (1-101) end surface may be a light reflecting surface.
- the (11-22) end face of the semiconductor laser element layer is used as a light emitting face, and the (-1-12-2) end face is reflected by light.
- the (1-12-2) end surface may be a light emitting surface and the (11-22) end surface may be a light reflecting surface.
- Scribe flaws may be formed on both end portions of the base layer 140 in the B direction (see FIG. 32) (regions corresponding to the end portions of the n-type GaN substrate 261). Even if comprised in this way, the crack extended in a B direction can be introduce
- the example in which the semiconductor laser device layer is formed on the main surface consisting of the m-plane of the n-type GaN substrate has been described.
- a surface perpendicular to the (000 ⁇ 1) plane of the n-type GaN substrate such as the a-plane ((11-20) plane) may be used as the main surface for forming the semiconductor laser element layer. .
- the (000-1) end surface of the semiconductor laser device layer 312 is used as the light emitting surface, and the (0001) end surface is used as the light reflecting surface.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the (0001) end face may be used as a light emitting face and the (000-1) end face may be used as a light reflecting face.
- cracks are spontaneously formed in the underlayer using the lattice constant difference between the n-type GaN substrate and the underlayer.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and both end portions of the base layer 352 (see FIG. 52) in the [11-20] direction (ends of the n-type GaN substrate 351 in the [11-20] direction are shown. Scribe scratches may be formed only in the area corresponding to the part. Even with this configuration, it is possible to introduce cracks extending in the [11-20] direction starting from scribe scratches at both ends.
- a crack 431 in which the crack generation position is controlled may be formed by forming a broken-line-shaped scribe flaw on the base layer 430 on the n-type GaN substrate 411.
- scribe scratches may be formed only at both end portions of the base layer 430 in the [11-20] direction (regions corresponding to the end portions of the n-type GaN substrate 411 in the [11-20] direction). Even if comprised in this way, the crack 431 extended in a B direction can be introduce
- an upper cladding layer having a ridge is formed on a flat active layer, and a dielectric block layer is formed on the side surface of the ridge.
- a laser is formed
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a ridge waveguide semiconductor laser having a semiconductor block layer, a buried heterostructure (BH) semiconductor laser, or a flat upper cladding layer is used.
- a gain waveguide type semiconductor laser element in which a current blocking layer having a stripe-shaped opening is formed may be formed.
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Abstract
Description
まず、図3を参照して、第1実施形態による発光ダイオードチップ30の構造について説明する。
図7~図10を参照して、この第2実施形態による発光ダイオードチップ40の製造プロセスでは、上記第1実施形態と異なり、n型GaN基板41上にAlGaNからなる下地層50を形成した後、発光素子層42を形成する場合について説明する。なお、n型GaN基板41は、本発明の「下地基板」の一例である。
図8および図11~図13を参照して、この第3実施形態による発光ダイオードチップ60の製造プロセスでは、上記第2実施形態と異なり、n型GaN基板61上の下地層50に破線状のスクライブ傷70を形成することによってクラックの発生位置が制御されたクラック71を形成する場合について説明する。なお、n型GaN基板61は、本発明の「下地基板」の一例であり、クラック71は、本発明の「凹部」の一例である。
図14および図15を参照して、この第4実施形態による発光ダイオードチップ80の製造プロセスでは、上記第1実施形態と異なり、m面((1-100)面)からなる主表面を有するn型GaN基板81上に、AlGaNからなる下地層50を形成した後、発光素子層12を形成する場合について説明する。なお、n型GaN基板81は、本発明の「下地基板」の一例である。
図9、図16および図17を参照して、上記第4実施形態の効果を確認するために行った確認実験について説明する。
図18を参照して、この第5実施形態による発光ダイオードチップ90では、上記第1実施形態と異なり、m面((1-100)面)からなる主表面を有するn型4H-SiC基板91上に、発光素子層92を形成する場合について説明する。なお、n型4H-SiC基板91および発光素子層92は、それぞれ、本発明の「基板」および「窒化物系半導体層」の一例である。
まず、図19~図21を参照して、第6実施形態による表面出射型窒化物系半導体レーザ素子100の構造について説明する。
図23、図26および図27を参照して、この第7実施形態による表面出射型窒化物系半導体レーザ素子150の製造プロセスでは、上記第6実施形態と異なり、m面((1-100)面)からなる主表面を有するn型GaN基板151上に下地層140を形成した後、半導体レーザ素子層112を形成する場合について説明する。なお、n型GaN基板151は、本発明の「基板」の一例である。
図28を参照して、この第8実施形態による表面出射型窒化物系半導体レーザ素子160では、上記第6実施形態と異なり、略(1-10-2)面からなる主表面を有するn型GaN基板161を用いて、n型GaN基板161上に下地層140を形成した後、半導体レーザ素子層112を形成する場合について説明する。なお、n型GaN基板161は、本発明の「基板」の一例である。
図29、図31および図32を参照して、この第8実施形態の変形例による表面出射型窒化物系半導体レーザ素子170では、上記第8実施形態と異なり、製造プロセスにおいて、半導体レーザ素子層112の形成時の2つのファセットのうちの(1-101)ファセット160dをレーザ光の反射面170cとして用いるように半導体レーザ素子層112にエッチング加工を行う場合について説明する。
図33~図35を参照して、この第9実施形態による表面出射型窒化物系半導体レーザ素子180では、上記第8実施形態と異なり、略(11-2-3)面からなる主表面を有するn型GaN基板181を用いて、n型GaN基板181の主表面に半導体レーザ素子層112を形成する場合について説明する。
図36を参照して、第10実施形態による表面出射型窒化物系半導体レーザ素子100とモニタ用フォトダイオード(PD)内蔵サブマウント210とを組み合わせた構造について説明する。
図33および図37を参照して、第11実施形態による面発光レーザアレー220の構造について説明する。
図38および図39を参照して、この第12実施形態による窒化物系半導体レーザ素子240では、上記第6実施形態と異なり、略(1-10-4)面からなる主表面を有するn型GaN基板241に[11-20]方向(図39の紙面に垂直な方向)に延びる凹部(後述する溝部250)を形成した後に、半導体レーザ素子層112を形成する場合について説明する。なお、n型GaN基板241および溝部250は、それぞれ、本発明の「基板」および「凹部」の一例である。
図43を参照して、この第13実施形態による窒化物系半導体レーザ素子260では、上記第6実施形態と異なり、略(11-2-5)面からなる主表面を有するn型GaN基板261上に下地層140と半導体レーザ素子層112とを形成する場合について説明する。なお、n型GaN基板261は、本発明の「基板」の一例である。
図22および図43~図46を参照して、この第13実施形態の変形例による製造プロセスでは、上記第13実施形態と異なり、n型GaN基板261上の下地層140に破線状のスクライブ傷280を形成することによってクラックの発生位置が制御されたクラック281を形成する場合について説明する。なお、クラック281は、本発明の「凹部」の一例である。
まず、図47および図48を参照して、第14実施形態による形成方法を用いて形成した窒化物系半導体レーザ素子300の構造について説明する。
図51~図53を参照して、この第15実施形態による窒化物系半導体レーザ素子350の製造プロセスでは、上記第14実施形態と異なり、n型GaN基板351上に下地層352を形成した後、半導体レーザ素子層312を形成する場合について説明する。なお、n型GaN基板351は、本発明の「下地基板」の一例である。
まず、図54を参照して、この第16実施形態による窒化物系半導体層の形成方法を用いて形成した窒化物系半導体レーザ素子360では、上記第15実施形態と異なり、略(11-2-5)面からなる主表面を有するn型GaN基板361を用いて、n型GaN基板361上に下地層362を形成した後、半導体レーザ素子層312を形成する場合について説明する。なお、n型GaN基板361は、本発明の「下地基板」の一例である。
図56は、本発明の第17実施形態による形成方法を用いて形成した発光ダイオードチップの構造を説明するための断面図である。まず、図56を参照して、第17実施形態による形成方法を用いて形成した発光ダイオードチップ400では、(1-10-2)面からなる主表面を有するn型GaN基板411を用いて、主表面上の下地層430にn型GaN基板411の[11-20]方向(図56の紙面に垂直な方向)にストライプ状に延びるクラック431を形成した後に、発光素子層422を形成する場合について説明する。なお、n型GaN基板411は、本発明の「下地基板」の一例である。
Claims (25)
- 主表面に凹部が形成された基板と、
前記主表面上に、発光層を有するとともに前記凹部の一方の内側面を起点として形成される(000-1)面からなる第1側面と、前記発光層を挟んで前記第1側面とは反対側の領域に、前記凹部の他方の内側面を起点として形成される第2側面とを含む窒化物系半導体層とを備える、窒化物系半導体発光ダイオード。 - 前記一方の内側面は、(000-1)面を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の窒化物系半導体発光ダイオード。
- 前記第1側面および前記第2側面は、前記窒化物系半導体層の結晶成長ファセットからなる、請求項1または2に記載の窒化物系半導体発光ダイオード。
- 前記第2側面は、{A+B、A、-2A-B、2A+B}面(ここでA≧0およびB≧0であり、かつ、AおよびBの少なくともいずれか一方が0ではない整数)からなる、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物系半導体発光ダイオード。
- 前記基板は、窒化物系半導体からなる、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物系半導体発光ダイオード。
- 少なくとも前記第1側面または前記第2側面のいずれか一方は、前記主表面に対して鈍角をなすように形成される、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物系半導体発光ダイオード。
- 前記基板は、下地基板と、前記下地基板上に形成され、AlGaNからなる下地層とを含み、
前記下地基板および前記下地層の格子定数を、それぞれ、c1およびc2とした場合、c1>c2の関係を有し、
前記第1側面および前記第2側面は、それぞれ、前記下地層の(0001)面と前記主表面とに実質的に平行に延びるように形成されたクラックの内側面を起点として形成される、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物系半導体発光ダイオード。 - 基板の主表面上に形成され、発光層を有する窒化物系半導体素子層と、
前記窒化物系半導体素子層の前記発光層を含む端部に形成される第1共振器端面と、
前記第1共振器端面と対向する領域に形成され、少なくとも前記主表面に対して所定の角度傾斜して延びる(000-1)面、または、{A+B、A、-2A-B、2A+B}面(ここでA≧0およびB≧0であり、かつ、AおよびBの少なくともいずれか一方が0ではない整数)からなる反射面とを備える、窒化物系半導体レーザ素子。 - 前記基板は、前記主表面に形成された凹部を有し、
前記反射面は、前記凹部の内側面を起点として形成される前記窒化物系半導体素子層の結晶成長ファセットからなる、請求項8に記載の窒化物系半導体レーザ素子。 - 前記第1共振器端面とは反対側の端部に形成され、前記主表面に対して略垂直な方向に延びる第2共振器端面をさらに備える、請求項8または9に記載の窒化物系半導体レーザ素子。
- 前記基板は、窒化物系半導体からなる、請求項8~10のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物系半導体レーザ素子。
- 前記第1共振器端面から出射されたレーザ光が、前記反射面により、前記レーザ光の前記発光層からの出射方向と交差する方向に出射方向が変化されて、前記レーザ光のモニタ用の光センサに入射されるように構成されている、請求項8~11のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物系半導体レーザ素子。
- 前記第1共振器端面から出射されたレーザ光が、前記反射面により、前記レーザ光の前記発光層からの出射方向と交差する方向に出射方向が変化するように構成された表面出射型レーザである、請求項8~11のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物系半導体レーザ素子。
- 基板の主表面に凹部を形成する工程と、
前記主表面上に、前記凹部の一方の内側面を起点として(000-1)面からなる第1側面を有する窒化物系半導体層を形成する工程とを備える、窒化物系半導体層の形成方法。 - 前記窒化物系半導体層を形成する工程は、前記第1側面と対向する領域に、前記凹部の他方の内側面を起点として第2側面を有する前記窒化物系半導体層を形成する工程を含む、請求項14に記載の窒化物系半導体層の形成方法。
- 前記凹部の一方の内側面は、(000-1)面を含んでいる、請求項14または15に記載の窒化物系半導体層の形成方法。
- 前記第1側面および前記第2側面は、前記窒化物系半導体層の結晶成長ファセットからなる、請求項15または16に記載の窒化物系半導体層の形成方法。
- 前記第2側面は、{A+B、A、-2A-B、2A+B}面(ここでA≧0およびB≧0であり、かつ、AおよびBの少なくともいずれか一方が0ではない整数)からなる、請求項15~17のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物系半導体層の形成方法。
- 前記基板は、窒化物系半導体からなる、請求項14~18のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物系半導体層の形成方法。
- 前記第1側面または前記第2側面のいずれか一方は、前記主表面に対して略垂直である、請求項15~19のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物系半導体層の形成方法。
- 少なくとも前記第1側面または前記第2側面のいずれか一方は、前記窒化物系半導体層の主表面に対して鈍角をなすように形成される、請求項15~19のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物系半導体層の形成方法。
- 前記基板は、下地基板と、前記下地基板上に形成され、AlGaNからなる下地層とを含み、
前記下地基板および前記下地層の格子定数を、それぞれ、c1およびc2とした場合、
c1>c2の関係を有する、請求項14~21のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物系半導体層の形成方法。 - 基板の主表面に凹部を形成する工程と、
前記主表面上に、発光層を有するとともに前記凹部の一方の内側面を起点とした(000-1)面からなる第1側面と、前記第1側面と対向する領域に前記凹部の他方の内側面を起点とした第2側面とを含むことにより窒化物系半導体層を形成する工程とを備える、窒化物系半導体発光ダイオードの製造方法。 - 基板の主表面上に形成するとともに、発光層を有する窒化物系半導体素子層の端部に第1共振器端面を形成する工程と、
前記第1共振器端面と対向する領域に前記主表面に対して所定の角度傾斜して延びる(000-1)面、または、{A+B、A、-2A-B、2A+B}面(ここでA≧0およびB≧0であり、かつ、AおよびBの少なくともいずれか一方が0ではない整数)からなる反射面を形成する工程と、
前記第1共振器端面とは反対側の端部に、前記主表面に対して略垂直な方向に延びる第2共振器端面を形成する工程とを備える、窒化物系半導体レーザ素子の製造方法。 - 前記第1共振器端面を形成する工程および前記第2共振器端面を形成する工程は、前記窒化物系半導体素子層の結晶成長により、少なくとも前記第1共振器端面または前記第2共振器端面のいずれか一方を形成する工程と、エッチングにより、少なくとも前記第1共振器端面または前記第2共振器端面のいずれか他方を形成する工程とを含む、請求項24に記載の窒化物系半導体レーザ素子の製造方法。
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| EP4471999A4 (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2025-07-09 | Kyocera Corp | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING LASER ELEMENT, LASER ELEMENT AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE |
| DE102023128400A1 (de) * | 2023-10-17 | 2025-04-17 | Ams-Osram International Gmbh | Gehäuse mit laseranordnung und verfahren zur herstellung eines gehäuses mit laseranordnung |
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- 2008-12-12 CN CN2008801269573A patent/CN101952982B/zh active Active
- 2008-12-12 WO PCT/JP2008/072618 patent/WO2009081762A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2008-12-12 US US12/809,770 patent/US20100265981A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| CN102237454A (zh) * | 2010-04-29 | 2011-11-09 | 展晶科技(深圳)有限公司 | 半导体光电元件及其制造方法 |
| US8450749B2 (en) | 2010-04-29 | 2013-05-28 | Advanced Optoelectronics Technology, Inc. | Light emitting element and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP2012094896A (ja) * | 2012-01-11 | 2012-05-17 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 窒化物系半導体発光素子 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103199433A (zh) | 2013-07-10 |
| US20100265981A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
| CN101952982B (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
| CN101952982A (zh) | 2011-01-19 |
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