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WO2009080847A1 - Concentrateur photovoltaïque à gain élevé présentant un étage réfléchissant inséré dans un diélectrique optique liquide - Google Patents

Concentrateur photovoltaïque à gain élevé présentant un étage réfléchissant inséré dans un diélectrique optique liquide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009080847A1
WO2009080847A1 PCT/ES2008/000727 ES2008000727W WO2009080847A1 WO 2009080847 A1 WO2009080847 A1 WO 2009080847A1 ES 2008000727 W ES2008000727 W ES 2008000727W WO 2009080847 A1 WO2009080847 A1 WO 2009080847A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
module
liquid
optical
photovoltaic
cells
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/ES2008/000727
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Ignacio ANTÓN HERNÁNDEZ
Gabriel Sala Pano
César DOMÍNGUEZ DOMÍNGUEZ
Marta VICTORIA PÉREZ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid
Original Assignee
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad Politecnica de Madrid filed Critical Universidad Politecnica de Madrid
Publication of WO2009080847A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009080847A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H10F77/488—Reflecting light-concentrating means, e.g. parabolic mirrors or concentrators using total internal reflection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the invention is part of the photovoltaic solar energy sector, more specifically in relation to high gain compact concentration modules with geometric concentration levels greater than 100.
  • the concentration of sunlight on the solar cell by means of optical systems is one of the ways that are currently more relevant as a competitive alternative to conventional photovoltaic modules.
  • An advantage of the concentration is that it allows efficient use of the cells made with IH-V semiconductors in terrestrial applications * that, in another way and with the current costs, could not compete with the silicon photovoltaic modules.
  • the proposed photovoltaic concentration systems are of a very diverse nature.
  • One of the options is the so-called concentration module, in which the optical system, the cell, the cooling system and the connection elements are assembled in the manufacturing process and thereafter inseparable except by destructive means.
  • the modules are prepared for installation and interconnection on a solar tracker, that is, a structure that moves following the sun. It is about reproducing the conventional flat photovoltaic module, with its flat and compact structure, introducing optical systems to concentrate the light in the cells.
  • the opening area of the concentration module is much larger than the cell area, a relationship known as geometric concentration.
  • Many optical solutions have been proposed for the realization of photovoltaic concentration modules.
  • optical liquids in photovoltaic modules also has some background. Its use has been proposed in low concentration modules with bifacial cells (US1979 / 4169738; US1996 / 5538563).
  • the bifacial cells have the particularity that both sides are optically active and therefore cannot adhere to a heatsink. When used in a concentration system they are arranged perpendicular to the opening plane of the optical system, being illuminated on both sides and being inserted in a liquid medium for cooling.
  • the optical liquid fulfills a cooling function in reflective or refractive concentrating systems in which the cells are arranged in the back of the module [US1977 / 4045246, US1979 / 4143233].
  • the optic is refractive, to obtain high luminous concentrations it is necessary that the optical medium from the opening area to the cell is not continuous but there is an area with air to make use of the refraction.
  • Another alternative, but that only allows low concentration values (less than 100), is to use a tube in which the lens Ia forms the external face thereof and the cells are arranged in the rear part, the interior of the cylinder being filled with optical liquid [US / RE30584].
  • the side walls of the module are mirrors that concentrate the light on the cell, arranged in the back of the module, "the whole assembly being filled with a liquid optical medium.
  • This design does not allow to reach high values of
  • concentration module this is a compact set that encompasses the optics, cells, connection and heat dissipation system
  • the liquid does not serve as a continuous optical medium, in a closed compartment between the collector and the cell.
  • collector and cell are independent and are partially or totally immersed in a container (tank, lake, pond, ...) of water or other means liquid whose function is to protect the collector itself and cool the cells [US2006 / 260605]
  • the liquid serves as a substitute for the used encapsulant in conventional photovoltaic modules
  • the novelty of the invention lies in the use of a transparent optical liquid (5) inside a photovoltaic concentration module, which makes use of a reflective optical stage (1) and in which the cells (2) are arranged on the front face of the module itself under a glass or other transparent substrate (4).
  • the arrangement of the cells on the front face means that heatsinks cannot be used for cooling since they would impede the passage of light.
  • the transparent liquid (5) performs the double function of extracting heat from the cells and providing continuity of refractive index from the front face of the module to the cell.
  • This invention allows to reach very high geometric concentrations, up to 2000, where the geometric concentration is defined as the ratio between the optical system opening area (light input area) and the cell area and is considered high for higher values to 100.
  • Concentrators that use a reflective primary optical stage have some advantages over those in which the primary is a lens. Since they lack the effect known as chromatic aberration, which causes the spectral dispersion of light, the concentration levels that can be reached are higher when the primary is a mirror and not a lens. The problem with reflective systems is that the focus is on the mirror, so that the cell and any cooling element produce shadows.
  • the solution used in the concentration modules consists of mounting the cell on a metallic substrate that distributes the heat horizontally, offering a convection surface on the back of the module similar to the opening area of the concentrator, either by means of one or several fins
  • the light enters through the front face of the module and concentrates on the photovoltaic device that is thermally adhered to the back side of the module that acts as a heatsink, exchanging with the air surrounding the module the energy that is not converted in electricity
  • the primary optical stage is reflective, this configuration requires redirecting the light rays in the same direction in which they affect the opening plane in order to extract the heat from the rear face of the module.
  • a second reflexive stage is essential, avoiding the shading that the heat dissipation system would otherwise cause.
  • the serial or parallel electrical connection of the devices makes it essential that the cells are electrically isolated from the metal substrate, but thermally bonded, which is a great challenge from the construction point of view of the concentration modules.
  • the concentration modules there are air spaces due to the optical system, between the primary and the secondary stage if it exists or the cell itself. To properly seal the module and prevent corrosion inside it, the aging of the insulating materials and the loss of electrical insulation is the main difficulty in the concentration modules.
  • the present invention enables' reach very high concentration, up to 2000, to Ia time solves the problem of heat dissipation Ia Ia cell using a single reflective optical stage and a liquid transparent dielectric.
  • the basic elements that form the concentration module (8) are a set of reflective optical elements (1) arranged in parquet form and that form the back of the module, a transparent glass or plastic substrate (4) that constitutes the part front of the module, profiles (6) that form the side walls and seal the module tightly to form a watertight compartment, and a frame (7), which adheres to the profiles (6) and that contains support elements for The fastening of the module to a structure that follows the sun.
  • the front face (4) of the module (8) can be considered as a first refractive optical stage and can be flat or curved and in its inner part the photovoltaic cells (2) adhere, as well as strips of conductive material (3) that They contain cables or other connection elements.
  • the module assembly (8) is filled with transparent optical liquid (5) that envelops the set of reflective optical elements (1) and the photovoltaic cells themselves (2).
  • Said transparent optical liquid (5) fulfills the triple functionality of providing continuity of refractive index from glass or plastic to the cell, reducing Fresnel optical losses, cooling of photovoltaic cells and filling the inside of the module of a dielectric medium instead of air.
  • the concentration module (8) is a mounting unit, prepared to be fixed in a structure that follows the sun forming an array of modules.
  • the optical elements can be of first reflective surface, that is, the metallized face is the anterior one of the optical system.
  • the optical elements can be of a second surface, in which case the light also passes through the transparent material or materials that the optical elements form before and after being reflected.
  • the cooling of the cells is produced by natural convection in the liquid, which transports heat from the device to the walls and the module. Also by natural convection, heat exchange occurs between the walls of the module with the outside air.
  • a second alternative consists in forcing the circulation of the liquid with a pump, which, in addition to improving the cooling of the cell, allows for a filter to keep the liquid clean of impurities ⁇ and a liquid accumulator that ensures the operation of the concentrator in case of small losses of liquid.
  • an expansion tank can be used for the liquid that absorbs the expansion of the liquid, preventing it from pressing the walls of the module when it expands and providing extra liquid for small leakage losses.
  • Another significant advantage of the invention is the fact that the active circuit formed by solar cells, connection wires, etc. and the module housing or electrical mass, are very separated by dielectric materials such as the transparent optical liquid, the glass or plastic of the front face and the parquet of optical elements, having distances greater than 1cm. between both circuits
  • dielectric materials such as the transparent optical liquid, the glass or plastic of the front face and the parquet of optical elements, having distances greater than 1cm. between both circuits
  • dielectric materials such as the transparent optical liquid, the glass or plastic of the front face and the parquet of optical elements, having distances greater than 1cm. between both circuits
  • dielectric materials such as the transparent optical liquid, the glass or plastic of the front face and the parquet of optical elements, having distances greater than 1cm. between both circuits
  • the cell is very close to the metal heatsink, only separated from it by a dielectric material that must guarantee both the electrical insulation between both elements and a good thermal conduction.
  • dielectric materials of only a few
  • the invention also avoids the condensation of water inside the module.
  • conventional concentration modules there is air inside the module,
  • the module is filled with liquid and this problem is avoided.
  • the present invention is illustrated with Figure 1 showing a cross-section of the module and with Figure 2 showing a detail of the front view. These figures are not intended to determine the number of mirrors and cells that make up the concentration module.
  • the reflective optical elements (1) or mirrors are arranged in the form of a parquet that make up the back of the module and concentrate the sunlight on the photovoltaic cells (2) that are electrically adhered to small strips of conductive material (3). These strips allow the electrical connection of the photovoltaic cells in series or parallel and minimize the shading on the front face of the module.
  • the strips that support the cells are attached or attached to the lower part of the transparent glass or plastic substrate (4) that involves the closing of the front face of the module and that can be flat or curved.
  • the assembly is completely closed and sealed by profiles (6) on the sides and is filled with a transparent optical liquid (5) that provides continuity of refractive index and performs cooling of the photovoltaic cells.
  • the module ends in a side frame (7) attached, to the profiles (6) and that allows its fastening in any structure.
  • the concentration module (8) is a mounting unit prepared to be installed in a structure that follows the sun as illustrated in Figure 3, forming arrays of electrically connected modules in seine or parallel.
  • the manufacture of the reflective optical elements (1) or mirrors can be done by injection of plastic or glass into a mold, by thermoforming, by metal stamping or casting ⁇ . Depending on the process, the parquet of mirrors can be manufactured in one piece or in individual pieces that are subsequently assembled.
  • the metallization of the mirrors can be chemical, by evaporation of metal or by adhering reflective sheets.
  • the conductive strips (3) support the photovoltaic cells and allow their connection, being able to be manufactured in many of the encapsulation materials available in the electronic industry such as lead-frame, ceramic substrates or metallic plastics (DBC, IMS, printed circuits) ,, or of conductive metals such as copper.
  • the photovoltaic cells (2) are welded or adhered with conductive adhesive to the strips and the upper contact of the cell is made by welding with wire (wire bonding).
  • the cells are fixed and electrically connected to the strips that support them, they adhere to the lower part of a transparent glass or plastic (4) that constitutes the front face of the module, with the cell facing down.
  • the electrical connections between the strips and the electrical output connectors of the module, arranged on one side, must also be made.
  • the module is built with the parquet of mirrors as the lower face and the glass or plastic as the upper face. It is then closed laterally with profiles (6), so that it is sealed, and filled with transparent optical liquid (4) by means of a valve, arranged on one side for this purpose.
  • the photovoltaic cells (2), which remain inside the module, must be submerged in the liquid.
  • the first is to make exclusive use of the natural convection of the liquid, which is heated by being in contact with the photovoltaic cells.
  • the second is to force the circulation of the liquid through a pump by exchanging heat outside the module.
  • the present invention consists of a photovoltaic concentration module whose application is to produce electrical energy from sunlight.

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  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un module photovoltaïque de concentration présentant un étage optique qui fonctionne par réflexion métallique, l'intérieur du moule étant rempli d'un liquide optique transparent qui assure une continuité d'indice de réfraction depuis l'entrée du module, constituée de verre ou de plastique transparent plat ou incurvé, jusqu'à ladite cellule. Les cellules sont immergées dans le liquide, lequel sert en outre à les refroidir par convection naturelle ou forcée et à remplir tout l'intérieur, empêchant le passage d'humidité et évitant la condensation à l'intérieur du module.
PCT/ES2008/000727 2007-12-21 2008-11-20 Concentrateur photovoltaïque à gain élevé présentant un étage réfléchissant inséré dans un diélectrique optique liquide Ceased WO2009080847A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200703419A ES2302656A1 (es) 2007-12-21 2007-12-21 Concentrador fotovoltaico de alta ganancia con una etapa reflexiva inserta en un dielectrico optico liquido.
ESP200703419 2007-12-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009080847A1 true WO2009080847A1 (fr) 2009-07-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/ES2008/000727 Ceased WO2009080847A1 (fr) 2007-12-21 2008-11-20 Concentrateur photovoltaïque à gain élevé présentant un étage réfléchissant inséré dans un diélectrique optique liquide

Country Status (2)

Country Link
ES (1) ES2302656A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009080847A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104966755A (zh) * 2015-07-21 2015-10-07 中国建筑科学研究院天津分院 一种适合多雨地区的太阳能电池板降温系统
US9748895B2 (en) 2013-06-26 2017-08-29 Commissariat à l'ènergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Solar module with simplified humidity level regulation
US9761745B2 (en) 2012-07-09 2017-09-12 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Device for regulating the level of moisture in a concentrating solar module and solar module comprising at least one such device

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4052228A (en) * 1976-07-12 1977-10-04 Russell Charles R Optical concentrator and cooling system for photovoltaic cells
DE19600813A1 (de) * 1996-01-11 1996-07-18 Michael Dr Eckert Photovoltaik-Vorrichtung, die gleichzeitig Licht konzentriert und Solarzellen kühlt
WO2003100866A1 (fr) * 2002-05-28 2003-12-04 Ebara Corporation Module solaire
WO2005090873A1 (fr) * 2004-03-23 2005-09-29 Menova Engineering Inc. Capteur solaire

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4052228A (en) * 1976-07-12 1977-10-04 Russell Charles R Optical concentrator and cooling system for photovoltaic cells
DE19600813A1 (de) * 1996-01-11 1996-07-18 Michael Dr Eckert Photovoltaik-Vorrichtung, die gleichzeitig Licht konzentriert und Solarzellen kühlt
WO2003100866A1 (fr) * 2002-05-28 2003-12-04 Ebara Corporation Module solaire
WO2005090873A1 (fr) * 2004-03-23 2005-09-29 Menova Engineering Inc. Capteur solaire

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9761745B2 (en) 2012-07-09 2017-09-12 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Device for regulating the level of moisture in a concentrating solar module and solar module comprising at least one such device
US9748895B2 (en) 2013-06-26 2017-08-29 Commissariat à l'ènergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Solar module with simplified humidity level regulation
CN104966755A (zh) * 2015-07-21 2015-10-07 中国建筑科学研究院天津分院 一种适合多雨地区的太阳能电池板降温系统

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