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WO2009068686A1 - Brush for the power supply of electric machines, especially commutating machines - Google Patents

Brush for the power supply of electric machines, especially commutating machines Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009068686A1
WO2009068686A1 PCT/EP2008/066529 EP2008066529W WO2009068686A1 WO 2009068686 A1 WO2009068686 A1 WO 2009068686A1 EP 2008066529 W EP2008066529 W EP 2008066529W WO 2009068686 A1 WO2009068686 A1 WO 2009068686A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brush
cleaning agent
section
machines
sections
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2008/066529
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Bayer
Sven Hartmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of WO2009068686A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009068686A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/18—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush
    • H01R39/20—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush characterised by the material thereof
    • H01R39/22—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush characterised by the material thereof incorporating lubricating or polishing ingredient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/18—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush
    • H01R39/24—Laminated contacts; Wire contacts, e.g. metallic brush, carbon fibres

Definitions

  • Commutator machines in the form of starting devices for internal combustion engines are known from the prior art.
  • one-component brushes have always been used.
  • Changed requirements for such starting devices - such as the so-called start-stop operation - lead to very frequent starts.
  • the current is introduced via one or more pairs of brushes via the commutator in an armature winding.
  • These brushes usually consist of a sintered material, which has mainly copper and graphite shares.
  • These carbon brushes and the commutator are subject to
  • starters are typically designed for short-term operation and usually suitable for 30-60,000 switching cycles.
  • brushes are used with two different layers (power layer and commutation layer) arranged transversely to the wear direction of the brushes. These layers are mixed homogeneously over the entire wear length.
  • Fig. 1 to 7 according to many embodiments of brushes for powering electrical machines.
  • FIG. 1 shows a brush 10 for the power supply of electrical machines, in particular of commutator machines, with at least two brush sections, wherein a cleaning agent section 13 is present, which is one of at least two brush sections and has a proportion of cleaning agents 16, which is preferably significantly higher than in at least one other brush section.
  • the cleaning agent section 13 extends at least partially over a cross section perpendicular to a wear direction 20 of the brush 10.
  • the cleaning agent section 13 extends over the entire cross section of the brush 10, wherein the cleaning agent section 13 either at the end facing away from a brush terminal 40 (FIGS. 1, 3, 5 and 7), d. H. the initial tread in the unused condition, or located between the end and the brush terminal 40, Figs. 2, 4, 6, 7.
  • the brush terminal is, for example, a pigtail.
  • the initial tread is shown in the figures as a cylindrical surface.
  • the cleaning agent section or sections 13 extend only partially over the cross section of the brush 10, wherein apart from the cleaning agent section 13 either only a further brush section of substantially uniform material, FIG , 3, 4, or in the wear direction 20 a plurality of brush sections made of different materials are present, Fig. 5, 6, 7.
  • the cleaning agent section 13 extends only partially over the cross section of the brush 10, wherein in addition to the cleaning agent section 13 in the wear direction 20, two further brush sections 27 are made of substantially uniform material.
  • the cleaning agent portions 13 extend only partially over the cross section of the brush 10, wherein in the plane next to the cleaning agent sections in the wear direction 20 more brush sections 27 are made of substantially uniform material, which constitute a Kommutleiters Mrs 27, while the disposed adjacent layer transverse to the wear direction 20 is a power layer 30.
  • the brush 10 is a multi-layer brush (all figures), which consists of several transverse to the wear direction 20 of the brush 10 oriented layers and at least one cleaning agent section 13 rod-shaped, in particular cuboid, is arranged in one of the layers.
  • the plurality of layers oriented transversely to the wear direction 20 of the brush 10 comprise at least one commutation layer 27 and a power layer 30, wherein the commutation layer 27 has a higher specific electrical resistance than the power layer 30.
  • the at least one cleaning agent section 13 extends in a commutation layer 27 of the brush 10.
  • the at least one cleaning agent section 13 extends in the direction of a greatest width of the brush 10.
  • the brush terminal 40 is realized in a brush section other than the cleaning agent section 13.

Landscapes

  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a brush for the power supply of electric machines, especially commutating machines, comprising at least two brush sections. One of the at least two brush sections (13, 27, 30) is a polishing section (13) comprising a part of polishing agents (16), which is higher than that in the at least one other brush section (27, 30).

Description

Beschreibung description

Titeltitle

Bürste zur Stromversorgung elektrischer Maschinen, insbesondere von Kommutatorma- schinenBrush for powering electrical machines, in particular commutator machines

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Kommutatormaschinen in der Gestalt von Startvorrichtungen für Brennkraftmaschinen bekannt. Für derartige Maschinen werden seit jeher einkomponentige Bürsten verwendet. Veränderte Anforderungen für derartige Startvorrichtungen - wie beispielsweise der sogenannte Start-Stopp-Betrieb - führen zu sehr häufigen Starts.Commutator machines in the form of starting devices for internal combustion engines are known from the prior art. For such machines, one-component brushes have always been used. Changed requirements for such starting devices - such as the so-called start-stop operation - lead to very frequent starts.

Der Strom wird über ein oder mehrere Bürstenpaare über den Kommutator in eine Ankerwicklung eingeleitet. Diese Bürsten bestehen meist aus einem Sinterwerkstoff, welcher hauptsäch- lieh Kupfer- und Graphitanteile hat. Diese Kohlebürsten sowie der Kommutator unterliegen imThe current is introduced via one or more pairs of brushes via the commutator in an armature winding. These brushes usually consist of a sintered material, which has mainly copper and graphite shares. These carbon brushes and the commutator are subject to

Betrieb einem Verschleiß. Dabei sind Starter typischerweise für den kurzzeitigen Betrieb ausgelegt und normalerweise für 30-60.000 Schaltzyklen geeignet.Operation of a wear. In this case, starters are typically designed for short-term operation and usually suitable for 30-60,000 switching cycles.

Soll der Starter für höhere Lasten bzw. für längere Laufzeiten (wie z.B. beim Start- Stopp-Betrieb erforderlich) ausgelegt werden, so zeigt sich, dass ein ideal abgestimmtes System von Schmierung und Reinigung notwendig ist. Aufgrund der langen Laufzeiten der Bürsten muss das abgetragene Material und auch der aufgebaute Gleitfilm auf dem Kommutator wieder durch Reinigen entfernt werden. Um eine ideale Reinigung der Oberfläche zu erzeugen werden deshalb in die Kohlebürsten unterschiedliche Substanzen eingemischt, die dafür sorgen, dass die Oberfläche des Kommutators einen gleichbleibend sauberen und gleichzeitig auch schmierenden Belag besitzt.If the starter is to be designed for higher loads or for longer running times (as required, for example, during start-stop operation), it becomes apparent that an ideally tuned system of lubrication and cleaning is necessary. Due to the long running times of the brushes, the removed material and also the built-up sliding film on the commutator must be removed again by cleaning. In order to produce an ideal cleaning of the surface, therefore, different substances are mixed into the carbon brushes, which ensure that the surface of the commutator has a consistently clean and at the same time lubricating surface.

Gegenwärtig werden Bürsten beispielsweise mit zwei verschiedenen Schichten (Leistungsschicht und Kommutierungsschicht) verwendet, die quer zur Verschleißrichtung der Bürsten an- geordnet sind. Diese Schichten sind über die komplette Verschleißlänge homogen gemischt.At present, for example, brushes are used with two different layers (power layer and commutation layer) arranged transversely to the wear direction of the brushes. These layers are mixed homogeneously over the entire wear length.

Aufgrund des Kohlebürstenverschleißes und auch des Kommutatorverschleißes ändern sich die Bedingungen für die Kohlebürsten stetig. Die Anpresskraft nimmt normalerweise über die Lauf- zeit aufgrund des Verschleißes ab und damit ändern sich auch die mechanischen/elektrischen Bedingungen.Due to the carbon brush wear and also the commutator wear, the conditions for the carbon brushes are constantly changing. The contact pressure normally exceeds the running time due to wear and thus also change the mechanical / electrical conditions.

Es besteht daher die Aufgabe Bürsten verwenden zu können, die die bekannten Nachtei- Ie vermeiden.There is therefore the task to use brushes that avoid the known Nachtei- Ie.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Anhand von verschiedenen Figuren werden nachfolgend verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispiele erläutert. Es zeigen:Various embodiments will be explained below with reference to various figures. Show it:

Fig. 1 bis 7 entsprechend viele Ausführungsbeispiele für Bürsten zur Stromversorgung elektrischer Maschinen.Fig. 1 to 7 according to many embodiments of brushes for powering electrical machines.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Bürste 10 zur Stromversorgung elektrischer Maschinen, insbesondere von Kommutatormaschinen, mit zumindest zwei Bürstenabschnitten, wobei ein Putzmittelabschnitt 13 vorhanden ist, der einer von zumindest zwei Bürstenabschnitten ist und einen Anteil von Putzmitteln 16 aufweist, der vorzugsweise signifikant höher ist als im zumindest einen anderen Bürstenabschnitt.1 shows a brush 10 for the power supply of electrical machines, in particular of commutator machines, with at least two brush sections, wherein a cleaning agent section 13 is present, which is one of at least two brush sections and has a proportion of cleaning agents 16, which is preferably significantly higher than in at least one other brush section.

Der Putzmittelabschnitt 13 erstreckt sich zumindest teilweise über einen Querschnitt senkrecht zu einer Verschleißrichtung 20 der Bürste 10.The cleaning agent section 13 extends at least partially over a cross section perpendicular to a wear direction 20 of the brush 10.

Es ist insbesondere vorgesehen, dass sich der Putzmittelabschnitt 13 über den gesamten Querschnitt der Bürste 10 erstreckt, wobei sich der Putzmittelabschnitt 13 entweder am dem einem Bürstenanschluss 40 abgewandten Ende (Fig. 1, 3, 5 und 7), d. h. der anfänglichen Lauffläche im nicht abgenutzten Zustand, oder zwischen dem Ende und dem Bürstenanschluss 40 befindet, Fig. 2, 4, 6, 7. Der Bürstenanschluss ist bspw. eine Anschlusslitze. Die anfängliche Laufflä- che ist in den Figuren als zylindrische Fläche dargestellt.It is provided in particular that the cleaning agent section 13 extends over the entire cross section of the brush 10, wherein the cleaning agent section 13 either at the end facing away from a brush terminal 40 (FIGS. 1, 3, 5 and 7), d. H. the initial tread in the unused condition, or located between the end and the brush terminal 40, Figs. 2, 4, 6, 7. The brush terminal is, for example, a pigtail. The initial tread is shown in the figures as a cylindrical surface.

Gemäß den Ausführungsbeispielen nach Fig. 3, 4, 5, 6 und 7 erstreckt sich der oder die Putzmittelabschnitte 13 nur teilweise über den Querschnitt der Bürste 10, wobei neben dem Putzmittelabschnitt 13 entweder nur ein weiterer Bürstenabschnitt aus im wesentlichen einheitlichen Material, Fig. 1, 3, 4, oder in Verschleißrichtung 20 mehrere Bürstenabschnitte aus unterschiedlichem Materialien vorhanden sind, Fig. 5, 6, 7. Gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 6 erstreckt sich der Putzmittelabschnitt 13 nur teilweise über den Querschnitt der Bürste 10, wobei neben dem Putzmittelabschnitt 13 in Verschleißrichtung 20 zwei weitere Bürstenabschnitte 27 aus im wesentlichen einheitlichen Material vorhanden sind.According to the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, the cleaning agent section or sections 13 extend only partially over the cross section of the brush 10, wherein apart from the cleaning agent section 13 either only a further brush section of substantially uniform material, FIG , 3, 4, or in the wear direction 20 a plurality of brush sections made of different materials are present, Fig. 5, 6, 7. According to the embodiment of FIG. 6, the cleaning agent section 13 extends only partially over the cross section of the brush 10, wherein in addition to the cleaning agent section 13 in the wear direction 20, two further brush sections 27 are made of substantially uniform material.

Gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 7 erstrecken sich die Putzmittelabschnitte 13 nur teilweise über den Querschnitt der Bürste 10, wobei in der Ebene neben den Putzmittelabschnitten in Verschleißrichtung 20 weitere Bürstenabschnitte 27 aus im wesentlichen einheitlichen Material vorhanden sind, die eine Kommutierungsschicht 27 darstellen, während die daneben angeordnete Schicht quer zur Verschleißrichtung 20 eine Leistungsschicht 30 ist.According to the embodiment of FIG. 7, the cleaning agent portions 13 extend only partially over the cross section of the brush 10, wherein in the plane next to the cleaning agent sections in the wear direction 20 more brush sections 27 are made of substantially uniform material, which constitute a Kommutierungsschicht 27, while the disposed adjacent layer transverse to the wear direction 20 is a power layer 30.

Im Falle mehrerer anderer Bürstenabschnitte ist die Bürste 10 eine Mehrschichtbürste (alle Figuren), die aus mehreren quer zur Verschleißrichtung 20 der Bürste 10 orientierten Schichten besteht und zumindest ein Putzmittelabschnitt 13 stabförmig, insbesondere quaderförmig, in ei- ner der Schichten angeordnet ist.In the case of several other brush sections, the brush 10 is a multi-layer brush (all figures), which consists of several transverse to the wear direction 20 of the brush 10 oriented layers and at least one cleaning agent section 13 rod-shaped, in particular cuboid, is arranged in one of the layers.

Die mehreren quer zur Verschleißrichtung 20 der Bürste 10 orientierten Schichten umfassen zumindest eine Kommutierungsschicht 27 und eine Leistungsschicht 30, wobei die Kommutierungsschicht 27 einen höheren spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand als die Leistungsschicht 30 aufweist.The plurality of layers oriented transversely to the wear direction 20 of the brush 10 comprise at least one commutation layer 27 and a power layer 30, wherein the commutation layer 27 has a higher specific electrical resistance than the power layer 30.

Es ist vorgesehen, dass sich der zumindest eine Putzmittelabschnitt 13 in einer Kommutierungsschicht 27 der Bürste 10 erstreckt..It is provided that the at least one cleaning agent section 13 extends in a commutation layer 27 of the brush 10.

Es ist vorgesehen, dass sich der zumindest eine Putzmittelabschnitt 13 in Richtung einer größten Breite der Bürste 10 erstreckt.It is provided that the at least one cleaning agent section 13 extends in the direction of a greatest width of the brush 10.

Es ist vorgesehen, dass ein Übergang zwischen dem Putzmittelabschnitt 13 und dem zumindest einen anderen Bürstenabschnitt vorhanden ist, in dem sich der Anteil an Putzmitteln 16 kontinuierlich verändert.It is provided that there is a transition between the cleaning agent section 13 and the at least one other brush section, in which the proportion of cleaning agents 16 changes continuously.

Es ist vorgesehen, dass der Bürstenanschluss 40 in einem anderen Bürstenabschnitt als dem Putzmittelabschnitt 13 verwirklicht ist. It is provided that the brush terminal 40 is realized in a brush section other than the cleaning agent section 13.

Claims

Ansprüche claims 1. Bürste zur Stromversorgung elektrischer Maschinen, insbesondere von Kommutator- maschinen, mit zumindest zwei Bürstenabschnitten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Putzmittelabschnitt (13) vorhanden ist, der einer von zumindest zwei Bürstenabschnitten (13, 27, 30) ist und einen Anteil von Putzmitteln (16) aufweist, der höher ist als im zumindest einen anderenA brush for powering electrical machines, in particular commutator machines, having at least two brush sections, characterized in that a cleaning agent section (13) is present, which is one of at least two brush sections (13, 27, 30) and a proportion of cleaning agents (16), which is higher than in at least one other Bürstenabschnitt (27, 30).Brush section (27, 30). 2. Bürste nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der Putzmittelabschnitt (13) zumindest teilweise über einen Querschnitt senkrecht zu einer Verschleißrichtung (20) der Bürste (10) erstreckt.2. Brush according to claim 1, characterized in that the cleaning agent portion (13) extends at least partially over a cross section perpendicular to a wear direction (20) of the brush (10). 3. Bürste nach Anspruch 2, dass sich der Putzmittelabschnitt (13) über den gesamten Querschnitt der Bürste (10) erstreckt, wobei sich der Putzmittelabschnitt (13) entweder am dem einem Bürstenanschluss (40) abgewandten Ende oder zwischen dem Ende und dem Bürsten- anschluss (40) befindet.3. Brush according to claim 2, that the cleaning agent portion (13) over the entire cross section of the brush (10), wherein the cleaning agent portion (13) either on the one brush connection (40) facing away from the end or between the end and the brush connection (40). 4. Bürste nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der Putzmittelabschnitt (13) nur teilweise über den Querschnitt der Bürste (10) erstreckt, wobei neben dem Putzmittelabschnitt (13) entweder nur ein weiterer Bürstenabschnitt (27, 30) aus im wesentlichen ein- heitlichen Material oder mehrere Bürstenabschnitte (27, 30) aus unterschiedlichem Materialien vorhanden sind.4. Brush according to claim 2, characterized in that the cleaning agent portion (13) extends only partially over the cross section of the brush (10), wherein in addition to the cleaning agent portion (13) either only a further brush portion (27, 30) from a substantially - Uniform material or more brush sections (27, 30) made of different materials are available. 5. Bürste nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Falle mehrerer anderer Bürstenabschnitte (27, 30) die Bürste (10) eine Mehrschichtbürste ist, die aus mehreren quer zur Verschleißrichtung (20) der Bürste (10) orientierten Schichten besteht und zumindest ein5. Brush according to claim 4, characterized in that in the case of several other brush sections (27, 30), the brush (10) is a multilayer brush, which consists of several transverse to the wear direction (20) of the brush (10) oriented layers and at least one Putzmittelabschnitt (13) stabförmig, insbesondere quaderförmig, in einer der Schichten angeordnet ist.Cleaning agent portion (13) rod-shaped, in particular cuboid, is arranged in one of the layers. 6. Bürste nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mehreren quer zur Ver- schleißrichtung (20) der Bürste (10) orientierten Schichten zumindest eine Kommutierungsschicht (27) und eine Leistungsschicht (30) umfassen, wobei die Kommutierungsschicht (27) einen höheren spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand als die Leistungsschicht (30) aufweist. 6. Brush according to claim 5, characterized in that the plurality of transverse to the wear direction (20) of the brush (10) oriented layers comprise at least one commutation layer (27) and a power layer (30), wherein the commutation layer (27) has a higher resistivity as the power layer (30). 7. Bürste nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der zumindest eine Putz- mittelabschnitt (13) in einer Kommutierungsschicht (27) der Bürste (10) erstreckt.7. Brush according to claim 6, characterized in that the at least one cleaning medium section (13) extends in a commutation layer (27) of the brush (10). 8. Bürste nach Anspruch 5, 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der zumindest eine Putzmittelabschnitt (13) in Richtung einer größten Breite der Bürste (10) erstreckt.8. Brush according to claim 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that extending at least one cleaning agent portion (13) in the direction of a largest width of the brush (10). 9. Bürste nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Übergang zwischen dem Putzmittelabschnitt (13) und dem zumindest einen anderen Bürsten- abschnitt vorhanden ist, in dem sich der Anteil an Putzmitteln kontinuierlich verändert.9. Brush according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a transition between the cleaning agent section (13) and the at least one other brush section is present, in which the proportion of cleaning agents changes continuously. 10. Bürste nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bürstenanschluss (40) in einem anderen Bürstenabschnitt als dem Putzmittelabschnitt (13) verwirklicht ist. 10. Brush according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the brush connection (40) is realized in a different brush portion than the cleaning agent portion (13).
PCT/EP2008/066529 2007-11-30 2008-12-01 Brush for the power supply of electric machines, especially commutating machines Ceased WO2009068686A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200710058933 DE102007058933A1 (en) 2007-11-30 2007-11-30 Brush for powering electrical machines, in particular commutator machines
DE102007058933.8 2007-11-30

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009068686A1 true WO2009068686A1 (en) 2009-06-04

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PCT/EP2008/066529 Ceased WO2009068686A1 (en) 2007-11-30 2008-12-01 Brush for the power supply of electric machines, especially commutating machines

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WO (1) WO2009068686A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011009212A (en) * 2009-06-25 2011-01-13 Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh Carbon brush

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2331173A1 (en) * 1975-11-07 1977-06-03 Lorraine Carbone IMPROVEMENT OF BRUSHES FOR MULTI-SLICE ELECTRIC MACHINES WITH THE INCORPORATION OF VITREOUS CARBON IN VARIOUS FORMS
US4034249A (en) * 1976-08-05 1977-07-05 General Electric Company Commutator rounding brush
DE4430745A1 (en) * 1993-09-02 1995-03-09 Lorraine Carbone Method for producing multi-layer sliding contacts, and sliding contacts obtained by means of the method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2331173A1 (en) * 1975-11-07 1977-06-03 Lorraine Carbone IMPROVEMENT OF BRUSHES FOR MULTI-SLICE ELECTRIC MACHINES WITH THE INCORPORATION OF VITREOUS CARBON IN VARIOUS FORMS
US4034249A (en) * 1976-08-05 1977-07-05 General Electric Company Commutator rounding brush
DE4430745A1 (en) * 1993-09-02 1995-03-09 Lorraine Carbone Method for producing multi-layer sliding contacts, and sliding contacts obtained by means of the method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
RYOKO MURAKAMI: "DOUBLE-LAYER STRUCTURE BRUSHES IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF MICROMOTORS", JEE JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, DEMPA PUBLICATIONS INC. TOKYO, JP, vol. 26, no. 265, 1 January 1989 (1989-01-01), pages 81 - 83, XP000009642, ISSN: 0385-4507 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011009212A (en) * 2009-06-25 2011-01-13 Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh Carbon brush

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