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WO2009050325A1 - Lentille sans réflexion - Google Patents

Lentille sans réflexion Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2009050325A1
WO2009050325A1 PCT/FI2008/000109 FI2008000109W WO2009050325A1 WO 2009050325 A1 WO2009050325 A1 WO 2009050325A1 FI 2008000109 W FI2008000109 W FI 2008000109W WO 2009050325 A1 WO2009050325 A1 WO 2009050325A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lens
reflectionless
transmission
line network
lens according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI2008/000109
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2009050325A8 (fr
Inventor
Olli Luukkonen
Pekka Alitalo
Sergei A. Tretyakov
Joni Vehmas
Liisi JYLHÄ
Jukka Venermo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aalto Korkeakoulusaatio sr
Original Assignee
Aalto Korkeakoulusaatio sr
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aalto Korkeakoulusaatio sr filed Critical Aalto Korkeakoulusaatio sr
Publication of WO2009050325A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009050325A1/fr
Publication of WO2009050325A8 publication Critical patent/WO2009050325A8/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/04—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism comprising wave-guiding channel or channels bounded by effective conductive surfaces substantially perpendicular to the electric vector of the wave, e.g. parallel-plate waveguide lens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/06—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism comprising plurality of wave-guiding channels of different length
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H01Q17/008—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems with a particular shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays

Definitions

  • lenses are used to change the direction of the electromagnetic beams in terms of geometrical optics. The change in the direction of the beam happens when the beam is refracted from the interface of two media.
  • lenses can be used to focus incident field to a wanted area.
  • the artificial dielectric materials are as a rule composed of periodical metallic or dielectric components, which effectively behave as an uniform dielectric medium when the wavelength of the incident field is much larger than the period of the structure.
  • References [1] and [2] are patents for particular type of artificial dielectric materials. These materials can be used, for instance, to reduce the weight or the wind load of antennas.
  • an artificial dielectric material composed of thin metallic strips is used to enhance directivity of a base station antenna. In addition to refraction, also reflection occurs on the interface of each dielectric lens.
  • the reflectionless lens operates as the conventional lenses. By changing the shape and the effective refraction index of the lens, the properties of the lens can be changed to fit the particular application in hand. In addition to this, the reflectionless lens is matched to free space on a broad frequency band and the reflected power is minimized.
  • the reflectionless comprises three components: 1. Transition layer 2. Transmission-line network 3. Supporting structure
  • the transition layer is used to connect the transmission-line network to free space.
  • This transition layer is composed of an antenna array, for instance, that couples the incident power to the transmission-line network.
  • the impedance of the transmission-line network itself can be matched with surrounding medium. This is why the back scattering is minimized. For example ordinary window glass does have back scattering. This can be seen as mirror reflections from the window.
  • the transmission-line network can be designed to be two- or three-dimensional, depending on the application. For some applications the network can be simplified and the third dimension is not needed.
  • the three dimensional realization corresponds to three dimensional transmission-line network, which has three di- mensional connections. Two dimensional network has connections in a plane.
  • the transmission-line network is constructed in that manor that it is matched with the surrounding material over a broad bandwidth. The properties of the network can be changed so that it effectively would correspond to a conventional dielectric lens with a given dielectric constant.
  • the supporting structure is placed inside the transmission-line network and does not have any effect on the operation of the lens.
  • the purpose of the supporting structure is to hold the transmission-line network and the transition layer in place.
  • the sources can-be realized e.g. by voltage sources that are connected to the transmission-line network.
  • the feeding can be easily realized since the structure of the lens allows the insertion of feeding cables between the transmission lines of the network.
  • sources also detectors can be embedded into the network. In this case the lens would operate as a receiver.
  • the invention can be utilized in every application in which the back reflections have to be minimized and the incident field needs to be refracted.
  • the properties of the reflectionless lens relate closely to those of the invisibility cloak. Therefore the results shown here offer only the proof-of -concept for the properties which are claimed in this disclosure, that is, the refractive properties equal to those of the reference lens and reflection coefficient for the proposed lens is minimized with respect to the reference lens.
  • the operation of the reflectionless lens is verified by simulations.
  • the refraction index of the reflectionless lens equals to that of the dielectric lens.
  • the dimensions of the lenses are the same.
  • the magnitude of the electric field components is shown. Similar is done for the dielectric lens in Fig. 2.
  • the calculated reflection constants are shown in Table 1. It can be concluded from the results that the reflectionless lens indeed reduces the back scattering as compared to the dielectric lens.
  • the reference case is shown in Fig. 4.
  • the reflection coefficients calculated from the simulations are shown in Table 2. In order to prove the large bandwidth of the invention the reflection coefficients have been calculated at 4.0 GHz as well.
  • Figure 1 The magnitude of the electric field components in the case of reflec- tionless lens at 5.5 GHz.
  • Figure 2 The magnitude of the electric field components in the reference case of 1.
  • Figure 3 The magnitude of the electric field components in the case of reflec- tionless lens at 3.6 GHz.
  • Figure 4 The magnitude of the electric field components in the reference case of 3.

Landscapes

  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Dental Preparations (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Optical Elements (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un nouveau moyen de concevoir des lentilles électromagnétiques qui nous permettent d'assortir des lentilles ayant un espace libre et de réduire les pertes de puissance dues aux réflexions. La lentille électromagnétique comprend des réseaux de lignes de transmission et une couche de concordance séparée. Les réseaux peuvent être conçus pour avoir une impédance caractéristique égale à l'impédance d'onde d'espace libre dans une certaine bande de fréquence. La couche concordante garantit la transmission de puissance entre l'espace libre et le réseau, ce qui réduit les réflexions provenant de ce nouveau type de lentilles. Il est possible de faire varier la vitesse de phase de l'onde électromagnétique se déplaçant dans les réseaux de lignes de transmission en modifiant les paramètres de conception du réseau (voir indice de réfraction).
PCT/FI2008/000109 2007-10-16 2008-10-13 Lentille sans réflexion Ceased WO2009050325A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20070774 2007-10-16
FI20070774A FI20070774L (fi) 2007-10-16 2007-10-16 Heijastukseton linssi

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009050325A1 true WO2009050325A1 (fr) 2009-04-23
WO2009050325A8 WO2009050325A8 (fr) 2009-07-09

Family

ID=38656786

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI2008/000109 Ceased WO2009050325A1 (fr) 2007-10-16 2008-10-13 Lentille sans réflexion

Country Status (2)

Country Link
FI (1) FI20070774L (fr)
WO (1) WO2009050325A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102810748A (zh) * 2011-06-17 2012-12-05 深圳光启高等理工研究院 阻抗匹配元件和超材料面板
CN102904029A (zh) * 2011-06-17 2013-01-30 深圳光启高等理工研究院 超材料天线
US20140299743A1 (en) * 2012-11-27 2014-10-09 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Universal Linear Components

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3568184A (en) * 1965-10-14 1971-03-02 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Directional antenna array having improved electronic directional control
US3881178A (en) * 1973-04-03 1975-04-29 Hazeltine Corp Antenna system for radiating multiple planar beams
US20040066251A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2004-04-08 Eleftheriades George V. Planar metamaterials for control of electromagnetic wave guidance and radiation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3568184A (en) * 1965-10-14 1971-03-02 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Directional antenna array having improved electronic directional control
US3881178A (en) * 1973-04-03 1975-04-29 Hazeltine Corp Antenna system for radiating multiple planar beams
US20040066251A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2004-04-08 Eleftheriades George V. Planar metamaterials for control of electromagnetic wave guidance and radiation

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ALITALO P. ET AL.: "arXiv.org", 29 June 2007, CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, article "A three-dimensional backward-wave network matched with free space" *
ALITALO P. ET AL.: "arXiv.org", 29 June 2007, CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, article "Transmission-line networks cloaking objects from electromagnetic fields" *
AYDIN K. ET AL.: "Electromagnetic wave focusing from sources inside a two-dimensional left-handed material superlens", NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS, vol. 8, no. 10, October 2006 (2006-10-01), Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1367-2630/8/10/221> [retrieved on 20090121] *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102810748A (zh) * 2011-06-17 2012-12-05 深圳光启高等理工研究院 阻抗匹配元件和超材料面板
CN102904029A (zh) * 2011-06-17 2013-01-30 深圳光启高等理工研究院 超材料天线
CN102810748B (zh) * 2011-06-17 2014-11-26 深圳光启高等理工研究院 阻抗匹配元件和超材料面板
CN102904029B (zh) * 2011-06-17 2015-03-11 深圳光启高等理工研究院 超材料天线
US20140299743A1 (en) * 2012-11-27 2014-10-09 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Universal Linear Components
US10534189B2 (en) * 2012-11-27 2020-01-14 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Universal linear components

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2009050325A8 (fr) 2009-07-09
FI20070774A7 (fi) 2009-04-17
FI20070774A0 (fi) 2007-10-16
FI20070774L (fi) 2009-04-17

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