WO2009044020A2 - Method for the anti-corrosion treatment of an industrial unit - Google Patents
Method for the anti-corrosion treatment of an industrial unit Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009044020A2 WO2009044020A2 PCT/FR2008/001115 FR2008001115W WO2009044020A2 WO 2009044020 A2 WO2009044020 A2 WO 2009044020A2 FR 2008001115 W FR2008001115 W FR 2008001115W WO 2009044020 A2 WO2009044020 A2 WO 2009044020A2
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- corrosion
- rate
- dew point
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G7/00—Distillation of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G7/10—Inhibiting corrosion during distillation
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is a new process for the anticorrosion treatment of an industrial unit, by the in situ determination of the dew point temperature of a gaseous stream intended to be condensed (the condensate comprising an acidic aqueous phase) and an injection of corrosion inhibitors duly chosen according to the corrosion rate also measured in situ in the industrial unit.
- the invention is particularly applicable to the distillation of petroleum products and more particularly to the treatment of corrosion occurring at the top of the distillation column.
- Crude oils (hereinafter referred to as "crudes") are conventionally processed in refineries to produce various effluents, including from a distillation unit that can operate at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum. In this type of unit, the phenomena of corrosion, and more particularly of the distillation head
- acid corrosion when the pH of condensed water, together with light hydrocarbons, reaches low values ( ⁇ 5), this acidic corrosion being directly related to the presence of chlorides in light products that condense at the top of the column, or any other form of acidity (sulphates, organic acids); sulphurous corrosion, when the pH is high (> 8), and which depends mainly on the presence of NH 3 in these same light fractions, and, - the deposition, and consequently localized corrosion, which occurs when the partial pressures NH 3 and HCl are sufficient to shift the formation temperature of the NH 4 Cl salts above the dew point of the water.
- a crude market containing 2 g / t of salt, treated at a conventional rate of 800 t / h in a distillation unit produces in said unit an equivalent of 1.6 kg of salt per hour of operation. .
- the amount of salt will be partially converted to HCl, and all of this HCl will be at the top of the distillation column.
- a fraction of the condensed water will necessarily contain 1 HCl. Since the formation of water by condensation is a progressive phenomenon, the first parts of this condensed water (which is the first condensate to be formed) will contain a large proportion of HCl. It is common for the 10% condensed water at the beginning of the process to contain up to 50% HCl.
- this highly acidic water which is formed in an environment having a high temperature, for example 130 0 C, causes the creation of a highly corrosive medium for the metallurgy of the distillation column head.
- Ammonia also present, unfortunately does not react with this acid medium immediately, because of different kinetics of solubilization and reaction; the buffer effect will therefore have a later effect in the kinetics of corrosion.
- There is therefore at least one metal zone at the head of the column which is in direct contact with a very acidic medium and therefore very corrosive.
- the operator therefore seeks to obtain (with the different settings of the head temperature and the flow of steam injected at the bottom of the column) a dew point that occurs at this exchanger and not in the column. It is recalled that the dew point of a gas is the highest temperature at which it is possible to condense a liquid film on a surface exposed to gas.
- a technique which consists in adjusting the temperature conditions to a much higher level in order to have a safety margin with respect to the temperature of appearance. from this same dew point.
- the head temperature is, for example, set several tens of degrees above the temperature of the suspected dew.
- This technique has the major disadvantage of being penalizing from an economic point of view. Indeed, a margin of adjustment of the head temperature of 20 0 C above the dew point temperature can be a serious handicap for the production and have a negative influence on the cutting points of the different fractions. hydrocarbon compounds. We lose value and yield in finished products, and of course we are exposed to excessive energy consumption.
- WO-A-0063674 discloses a corrosion measuring probe and its application to hydrocarbon transport pipelines. This probe is not cooled and does not measure the dew point. There is no mention of measuring the effect of a corrosion inhibitor.
- Cormon Ltd has developed a CEION ® technology, a summary description of which can be found on the company's website, dated April 13, 2004, at the following address: www. Cormon. com / catalog / techpres .htm The technology is described as the principle of measuring the loss of metal. An application to the field of hydrocarbons is indicated.
- the associated figure 3 shows that the rate of corrosion is a function of the temperature, varying between 2.5 mm / year and 4 mm / year for 50 0 C and 75 ° C respectively, and this same figure shows that this speed decreases substantially upon the addition of a corrosion inhibitor. There is no mention of the measurement of a dew point using this probe, nor of its application for the determination of the effectiveness of an inhibitor.
- the invention thus provides a method for the anti-corrosion treatment of an industrial unit, in which circulates a gaseous fluid intended to be condensed, the condensate comprising an aqueous acid phase, this process being characterized in that: the temperature is determined the dew point of the gaseous fluid, the operating temperature of the industrial unit is adjusted above the dew point temperature thus determined,
- the corrosion rate of the condensate is measured, the best corrosion-inhibiting neutralizing species are determined, at different flow rates, to reduce the rate of corrosion, the best corrosion-inhibiting neutralizing species is injected at the concentration and the flow rate. adapted, to reduce the rate of corrosion.
- the invention thus provides, compared to the prior art, a solution which proposes, from a probe operating in situ in the process, a measurement of both the dew point and the corrosion rate of the condensate.
- This makes it possible to determine "on-line” which are the best pairs of neutralizing species / flow rates to inhibit corrosion.
- This also makes it possible to determine "on-line” at which temperature the unit can operate safely, with a finer setting.
- the invention thus allows safer and more economical process operation, avoiding overconsumption of neutralizing species, by working at higher temperatures. low, and with an "on-line” adjustment depending on the load to be treated.
- the gas stream intended to be condensed comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons, water and acid species.
- the dew point temperature of the gas stream is measured by an internally cooled probe.
- the internal cooling of the probe can be achieved by a flow of gas, preferably by air.
- the corrosion rate is measured by a probe operating according to the technique of measuring the loss of metal.
- injections of inhibitory neutralizing species are made, comparatively, in order to evaluate their effectiveness.
- the method according to the invention comprises the following steps: the rate of corrosion is determined on a surface on which the condensate is produced at the dew point of the gas stream in the absence of inhibitory neutralizing species, determines the rate of corrosion on a surface on which the condensate is produced at the dew point of the gas stream in the presence of said neutralizing species, the inhibitory neutralizing species and its optimum flow rate are determined for a minimum corrosion rate.
- the condensate is produced in particular on the surface of an internally cooled probe.
- the determination of inhibitory neutralizing species and their flow rates is carried out under constant operating conditions of the industrial unit.
- the inhibitory neutralizing species are of the amine type.
- the temperature of the industrial unit is set at 10 ° C., and preferably 5 ° C., above the dew point temperature.
- the industrial unit is a distillation column of crude oil, operating at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum.
- provision may be made to install, on the head withdrawal line, a device for detecting the dew point temperature and measuring the rate of corrosion comprising a probe operating with cooling.
- the industrial unit is a pipeline for the transport of hydrocarbons, especially crude oil.
- the process can be carried out continuously or discontinuously.
- the method comprises a step of injecting inhibitory neutralizing species based on the results obtained during the implementation of said method.
- the invention also relates to a mapping for a plurality of crude oils to be separated by distillation, obtained from the measurement of the respective inhibitory efficiencies of different neutralizing species by the implementation of the method according to the invention.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the head of a column of a distillation unit
- Figure 2 is a response versus time curve for a corrosion probe used in the invention.
- a distillation unit (1) which comprises at the top a withdrawal line (2) or column head as indicated in the present description, feeding a heat exchanger (3).
- This exchanger is connected to an overhead tank (4) for the separation of the hydrocarbon and water phases, which are then withdrawn respectively by the lines (6) and (5). Recycling to the column is via the pipe (7).
- corrosion inhibitors in general neutralizing amines (the description is given in the following with reference to these amines), are injected by an injection point (8) located on the pipe (2). column head.
- the corrosion probe measures two phenomena. The first
- the phenomenon is the temperature of appearance of the dew point, and correlatively the temperature at which said dew point is formed.
- the second phenomenon measured is the rate of corrosion (which exists only in the presence of an aqueous liquid medium appearing at the dew).
- this probe operates as follows. It is placed in the overhead stream from the distillation column. Cooling is then activated. When the probe detects the presence of formed water, the temperature of the probe at which the water is formed is determined. The temperature of the dew point for the specific mixture is then known. When the aqueous medium is formed, corrosion necessarily occurs due to the presence of an acidic aqueous medium. A rate of corrosion is then measured. The appearance of this rate of corrosion is also representative of the appearance of dew.
- the temperature of the penetrating medium in the probe which may be a gas, preferably air, is lowered and the temperature of the probe in the gaseous stream to be measured is measured, as well as the speed of the probe. corrosion of said probe.
- the two curves are shown in Figure 2.
- the solid line represents the rate of corrosion while the dotted line represents the temperature of the probe.
- the temperature T1 of the probe is identical to the temperature of the process, there is no dew, therefore no condensation and, therefore, the rate of corrosion Vl is zero.
- the probe is cooled by internal circulation of a gaseous stream, the temperature thereof T2 decreases steadily during the second phase B of the process.
- This second phase can be triggered at will of the operator, for example during a change of market of the distillation unit, or raw feed, when the process is stabilized for a few hours.
- the corrosion rate V2 is always zero during this phase where the dew of the gas stream has not been reached.
- the temperature of the probe becomes equal to the temperature of the dew point of the gas stream, the phenomenon of condensation of water is triggered on the same probe, and the corrosion thereof begins.
- the response on the curve of monitoring of the rate of corrosion results in a point of inflection V3, measured by the continuous recording of the first derivative of said curve.
- phase C of the process the cooling of the probe is stopped and stabilized, the temperature T3 thereof is recorded as the dew point temperature of the gaseous stream circulating at the head of the column, all operating conditions of the distillation unit being fixed and stable for several hours.
- the corrosion rate increases to its value V4 and then becomes a stable continuous phenomenon for a probe temperature that is also constant T3.
- the fourth phase D then begins at t3 by interrupting the circulation of the cooling gas in the probe so that it reaches the temperature T4 of the process and a zero corrosion rate. The probe is thus ready for a new cycle of the measurement process.
- the beginning of the condensation phase can therefore be detected by the probe, in particular by the appearance of a corrosion rate.
- the effectiveness of the neutralizing amines can also be determined by this probe. Indeed, as soon as corrosion is detected, the operating conditions are set and a given flow rate of amines is then injected. The evolution of the corrosion rate is then monitored. The corrosion response can then be determined by the addition of certain classes of amines at varying rates.
- the cooling of the probe can be done in different ways. The probe can be cooled by local application of a cold current, but more generally the cooling will be operated internally to the probe by a fluid such as air.
- the method for controlling and managing the probe with regard to the dew-appearance temperature can be done conventionally, as recalled in the introductory part of document FR-A-2316587, as well as the part description of the embodiments of this same document. With regard to the appearance of dew and then condensation, it can also be measured according to the techniques described in FR-A-2316587, namely the measurement of a current which is established during the appearance of the condensate.
- the rate of corrosion it can be measured according to conventional techniques, for example a technique based on metal loss, or technique based on electrochemical processes.
- the technique based on metallic loss includes the following techniques: coupon (in situ corrosion indicator), electrical resistance (measurement of the electrical resistance of a measuring probe).
- the technique based on electrochemical processes includes Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Electrochemical Noise (EN).
- LPR Linear Polarization Resistance
- EIS Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
- EN Electrochemical Noise
- the consumable part of the probe when the metal loss technique is used, preferably has the same metallurgical composition and the same microstructure as the conduits to be protected.
- the probe is a "flush" probe which is flush with the surface of the pipe so as not to impede the flow.
- the use of the probe according to the invention allows a better conduct of the distillation process.
- the head temperature is adjusted above the estimated dew point, for example 20 ° C.
- the dew point is then measured using the probe.
- the head temperature is again adjusted, this time to 10 ° C. above the measured dew point, preferably 5 ° C.
- the dew point is again measured to verify that the modifications of the operating conditions have not affected this dew point. It is thus possible to better regulate the operating conditions of the distillation unit, to ensure a dew at the desired location in the heat exchanger, to obtain a productivity gain with more controlled hydrocarbon cuts, as well as a gain in energy requirement, etc.
- the use of the probe according to the invention allows optimization of the injected amines.
- the probe is cooled to cause condensation. Then we test different amines according to different flow rates. For different crudes, a mapping of the neutralizing amines and flow rates suitable for inhibiting acid corrosion is then obtained for different crudes under different operating conditions.
- the invention also offers the possibility of controlling the rate of addition of amines according to the data provided by the probe.
- the invention is applicable to atmospheric distillation, but will also find application in other fields. Thus, the invention will apply mutatis mutandis to the distillation of a crude, the vacuum distillation, the primary fractionation of a catalytic cracker, or for any type of fractionation, etc.
- the invention also applies to the transportation of crudes. Indeed, in a pipeline, there are usually 3 phases. The lower phase is the aqueous phase, the intermediate phase the HC phase and the upper phase the gas phase. In the gas phase, the conditions are usually always very close to dew.
- the invention therefore applies to the control of the amounts of corrosion inhibitor added to the measurements made by a plurality of probes, arranged along the pipeline at a given frequency.
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
PROCEDE POUR LE TRAITEMENT ANTICORROSION D'UNE UNITE INDUSTRIELLE PROCESS FOR THE ANTICORROSION TREATMENT OF AN INDUSTRIAL UNIT
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE L'invention a pour objet un nouveau procédé pour le traitement anticorrosion d'une unité industrielle, par la détermination in situ de la température de rosée d'un courant gazeux destiné à être condensé (le condensât comprenant une phase aqueuse acide) et une injection d'inhibiteurs de corrosion dûment choisi en fonction de la vitesse de corrosion mesurée également in situ dans l'unité industrielle. L'invention s'applique notamment à la distillation de produits pétroliers et plus particulièrement au traitement de la corrosion survenant en tête de la colonne de distillation.TECHNICAL FIELD The subject of the invention is a new process for the anticorrosion treatment of an industrial unit, by the in situ determination of the dew point temperature of a gaseous stream intended to be condensed (the condensate comprising an acidic aqueous phase) and an injection of corrosion inhibitors duly chosen according to the corrosion rate also measured in situ in the industrial unit. The invention is particularly applicable to the distillation of petroleum products and more particularly to the treatment of corrosion occurring at the top of the distillation column.
ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUESTATE OF THE ART
Les pétroles bruts (ci-après dénommés les "bruts") sont traités de façon classique dans des raffineries pour produire divers effluents, à partir notamment, d'une unité de distillation qui peut fonctionner à la pression atmosphérique ou sous vide. Dans ce type d'unité, les phénomènes de corrosion, et plus particulièrement de la tête de distillationCrude oils (hereinafter referred to as "crudes") are conventionally processed in refineries to produce various effluents, including from a distillation unit that can operate at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum. In this type of unit, the phenomena of corrosion, and more particularly of the distillation head
(partie haute de la colonne où se condensent les fractions hydrocarbonées les plus légères) sont bien connus dans la technique. C'est ainsi que l'on distingue : la corrosion acide, lorsque le pH de l'eau condensée, en même temps que les hydrocarbures légers, atteint des valeurs faibles (<5) , cette corrosion acide étant directement liée à la présence de chlorures dans les produits légers qui se condensent en tête de colonne, ou à toute autre forme d'acidité (sulfates, acides organiques) ; la corrosion sulfureuse, lorsque le pH est élevé (>8) , et qui dépend principalement de la présence de NH3 dans ces mêmes fractions légères, et, - la corrosion sous dépôt, et par conséquent localisée, qui se produit lorsque les pressions partielles de NH3 et de HCl sont suffisantes pour déplacer la température de formation des sels de NH4CI au-dessus du point de rosée de l'eau. C'est principalement au suivi et à la lutte contre la corrosion acide des têtes de colonne de distillation que s'applique la présente invention. En effet, la présence d'eau, chargée en différents sels, à côté des nombreuses molécules organiques constituant le pétrole brut fait que, préférentiellement, les hydrocarbures légers et l'eau se condensent dans la partie de tête de la colonne de distillation. C'est ainsi que l'on retrouve également à cet endroit d'autres espèces chimiques telles que NH3 , H2S, HCl, ainsi que différents acides organiques. L'homme du métier appréciera la quantité potentielle d'HCl émise par un brut lors de son traitement dans une unité de distillation atmosphérique à partir de son taux d' émissivité, grandeur bien connue dans la technique. A titre d'exemple, un brut du marché contenant 2 g/t de sel, traité à un débit classique de 800t/h dans une unité de distillation, produit dans ladite unité un équivalent de 1,6 kg de sel par heure de fonctionnement. La quantité de sel sera partiellement convertie en HCl, et la totalité de cet HCl se retrouvera en tête de la colonne de distillation. Lors de la condensation, en tête de colonne, une fraction de l'eau condensée contiendra nécessairement de 1 'HCl . Dans la mesure où la formation de l'eau par condensation est un phénomène progressif, les premières parties de cette eau condensée (qui est le premier condensât à se former) contiendront une part importante de HCl. Il est courant que les 10% d'eau condensée au début du processus contiennent jusqu'à 50% d'HCl. De plus, cette eau à caractère très acide qui se forme dans un environnement présentant une température élevée, par exemple 1300C, provoque la création d'un milieu extrêmement corrosif pour la métallurgie de la tête de colonne de distillation. L'ammoniaque, présent également, ne réagit malheureusement pas avec ce milieu acide immédiatement, du fait de différentes cinétiques de solubilisation et de réaction; l'effet tampon aura donc un effet plus tardif dans la cinétique de corrosion. Il existe donc au moins une zone métallique au niveau de la tête de colonne qui est en contact direct avec un milieu très acide et par conséquent très corrosif. Dans la technique de la distillation, il est souhaitable que la condensation d'eau n'ait pas lieu dans la colonne mais dans l ' échangeur de chaleur qui refroidit les effluents de tête et situé en aval de la tête de colonne de distillation. L'exploitant cherche donc à obtenir (avec les différents réglages de la température de tête et du flux de vapeur injecté en fond de colonne) un point de rosée qui se produise au niveau de cet échangeur et non dans la colonne. On rappelle que le point de rosée d'un gaz est la température la plus élevée à laquelle il est possible de condenser un film liquide sur une surface exposée au gaz.(Upper part of the column where the lighter hydrocarbon fractions are condensed) are well known in the art. Thus, the following are distinguished: acid corrosion, when the pH of condensed water, together with light hydrocarbons, reaches low values (<5), this acidic corrosion being directly related to the presence of chlorides in light products that condense at the top of the column, or any other form of acidity (sulphates, organic acids); sulphurous corrosion, when the pH is high (> 8), and which depends mainly on the presence of NH 3 in these same light fractions, and, - the deposition, and consequently localized corrosion, which occurs when the partial pressures NH 3 and HCl are sufficient to shift the formation temperature of the NH 4 Cl salts above the dew point of the water. It is mainly the monitoring and the fight against acid corrosion of the distillation column heads that the present invention applies. Indeed, the presence of water, loaded with different salts, next to the many organic molecules constituting the crude oil makes that, preferably, light hydrocarbons and water condense in the head portion of the distillation column. Thus, other chemical species such as NH 3 , H 2 S, HCl and various organic acids are also found here. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the potential amount of HCl emitted by a crude during its treatment in an atmospheric distillation unit from its emissivity level, a quantity well known in the art. For example, a crude market containing 2 g / t of salt, treated at a conventional rate of 800 t / h in a distillation unit, produces in said unit an equivalent of 1.6 kg of salt per hour of operation. . The amount of salt will be partially converted to HCl, and all of this HCl will be at the top of the distillation column. During condensation at the top of the column, a fraction of the condensed water will necessarily contain 1 HCl. Since the formation of water by condensation is a progressive phenomenon, the first parts of this condensed water (which is the first condensate to be formed) will contain a large proportion of HCl. It is common for the 10% condensed water at the beginning of the process to contain up to 50% HCl. In addition, this highly acidic water which is formed in an environment having a high temperature, for example 130 0 C, causes the creation of a highly corrosive medium for the metallurgy of the distillation column head. Ammonia, also present, unfortunately does not react with this acid medium immediately, because of different kinetics of solubilization and reaction; the buffer effect will therefore have a later effect in the kinetics of corrosion. There is therefore at least one metal zone at the head of the column which is in direct contact with a very acidic medium and therefore very corrosive. In the distillation technique, it is desirable that the condensation of water not take place in the column but in the heat exchanger which cools the overhead effluents and is located downstream of the distillation column head. The operator therefore seeks to obtain (with the different settings of the head temperature and the flow of steam injected at the bottom of the column) a dew point that occurs at this exchanger and not in the column. It is recalled that the dew point of a gas is the highest temperature at which it is possible to condense a liquid film on a surface exposed to gas.
Il est également recommandé de neutraliser l'acidité dès lors qu'elle se forme. En effet, une telle acidité qui n'est pas maîtrisée entraîne une attaque par corrosion de la métallurgie, par exemple des lignes de transport des flux, pouvant aller jusqu'à un percement des conduites, entraînant dans les cas les plus fatals, un arrêt de l'installation pour réparation, préjudiciable à l'exploitant. De plus, le percement de la métallurgie d'une unité de distillation pendant son fonctionnement peut provoquer de graves désordres de sécurité, pouvant mettre en danger l'intégrité physique des personnes chargées de son exploitation. Pour éviter cela, il est courant d'ajouter de façon classique, des agents neutralisants, essentiellement sous forme d'aminés. On cherche donc à résoudre un problème, qui consiste à mesurer in situ dans l'installation, la température du point de rosée, pour maîtriser, et in fine éviter, le phénomène de condensation des espèces acides corrosives et aussi, vérifier l'efficacité des aminés ajoutées afin de sélectionner la plus efficace en fonction des bruts et mélanges de bruts en cours de distillation.It is also recommended to neutralize the acidity as soon as it is formed. Indeed, such an acidity which is not controlled causes a corrosion attack of the metallurgy, for example flow transport lines, up to a piercing of the pipes, causing in the most fatal cases, a stop of the installation for repair, detrimental to the operator. In addition, the drilling of the metallurgy of a distillation unit during its operation can cause serious safety disorders, which can endanger the physical integrity of the persons in charge of its operation. To avoid this, it is common to add, in a conventional manner, neutralizing agents, essentially in the form of amines. So we try to solve a problem, which consists of measuring in situ in the installation, the temperature of the dew point, to control, and ultimately avoid, the phenomenon of condensation of corrosive acid species and also, check the effectiveness of amines added in order to select the most effective depending on the crude and mixtures of crude during distillation.
Afin d'éviter l'apparition du point de rosée dans la colonne de distillation, on utilise une technique qui consiste en un réglage des conditions de température à un niveau très supérieur pour disposer d'une marge de sécurité quant à la température d'apparition de ce même point de rosée. La température de tête est, par exemple, réglée à plusieurs dizaines de degrés au-dessus de la température du point de rosée suspectée. Cette technique présente l'inconvénient majeur d'être pénalisante d'un point de vue économique. En effet, une marge de réglage de la température de tête de 200C au-dessus de la température du point de rosée, peut être un sérieux handicap pour la production et influer d'une manière négative sur les points de coupe des différentes fractions hydrocarbonées . On perd ainsi de la valorisation et du rendement en produits finis, et bien évidemment on s'expose à une consommation excessive d'énergie. Afin de combattre l'acidité présente au niveau de la condensation au point de rosée, on ajoute, comme indiqué supra, des aminés neutralisantes, pour qu'elles réagissent, de préférence, au tout début de la condensation. Dans la mesure où il n'est pas actuellement possible de déterminer précisément en laboratoire, l'efficacité de ces aminés, le surdosage des quantités injectées est une règle couramment utilisée. Cette technique de surdosage présente deux inconvénients majeurs. En effet, à côté du coût direct et non négligeable de l'achat des aminés ajoutées, il est aussi indispensable de considérer le coût indirect pour l'élimination de celles-ci dans les produits issus de la distillation. Effectivement, on notera que lesdites aminés, quand elles sont présentes en excès, se retrouvent aussi dans les hydrocarbures (la séparation hydrocarbures/eau n ' étant pas absolue dans le ballon de tête situé en aval de l' échangeur) . Or, lors de l 'hydrotraitement de ces hydrocarbures, les aminés présentes sont partiellement décomposées en NH3 qui, en phase gazeuse, réagit avec des gaz acides éventuellement encore présents (H2S et HCl) , et contribue ainsi à la formation de dépôts salins corrosifs. L'élimination du problème de corrosion en amont par l'emploi d'un surdosage d'aminés neutralisantes engendre donc, en fait, un problème de corrosion en aval. En outre ces aminés peuvent également conduire, dans certaines conditions opératoires à la formation de chlorures d'aminé corrosifs. II existe également des problèmes supplémentaires liés à la qualité des bruts, qui peuvent contenir des quantités variables d'eau et de sels en fonction de leur origine ou de leur mélange, et aussi aux conditions opératoires de l'unité de distillation, ces dernières dépendant notamment des exigences du marché. La quantité injectée d'aminés, ainsi que sa marge de sécurité en terme de surdosage, doivent donc être en permanence adaptées, ce qui complique grandement les réglages des conditions opératoires de l'unité de distillation.In order to avoid the appearance of the dew point in the distillation column, a technique is used which consists in adjusting the temperature conditions to a much higher level in order to have a safety margin with respect to the temperature of appearance. from this same dew point. The head temperature is, for example, set several tens of degrees above the temperature of the suspected dew. This technique has the major disadvantage of being penalizing from an economic point of view. Indeed, a margin of adjustment of the head temperature of 20 0 C above the dew point temperature can be a serious handicap for the production and have a negative influence on the cutting points of the different fractions. hydrocarbon compounds. We lose value and yield in finished products, and of course we are exposed to excessive energy consumption. In order to combat the acidity present at the level of dew point condensation, neutralizing amines are added, as indicated above, so that they react, preferably, at the very beginning of the condensation. Since it is not currently possible to determine precisely in the laboratory, the effectiveness of these amines, the overdose of the injected quantities is a rule commonly used. This overdose technique has two major disadvantages. In fact, besides the direct and significant cost of purchasing the added amines, it is also essential to consider the indirect cost for the elimination of these in the products resulting from the distillation. Indeed, it will be noted that said amines, when they are present in excess, are also found in hydrocarbons (the hydrocarbon / water separation is not absolute in the overhead flask located downstream of the exchanger). However, during the hydrotreatment of these hydrocarbons, the amines present are partially decomposed into NH 3 which, in the gas phase, reacts with acid gases that may still be present (H 2 S and HCl), and thus contributes to the formation of deposits corrosive saline. The elimination of the upstream corrosion problem by the use of an overdose of neutralizing amines thus, in fact, creates a downstream corrosion problem. In addition, these amines can also lead, under certain operating conditions, to the formation of corrosive amine chlorides. There are also additional problems related to the quality of the crudes, which may contain varying amounts of water and salts depending on their origin or their mixture, and also the operating conditions of the unit. distillers, the latter depending in particular on the requirements of the market. The amount of amine injected, as well as its margin of safety in terms of overdose, must therefore be permanently adapted, which greatly complicates the settings of the operating conditions of the distillation unit.
Considérant le manque de possibilité analytique fiable de la mesure en laboratoire de la température du point de rosée d'un courant gazeux, du manque de lisibilité de l'efficacité des aminés neutralisante eu égard à la diversité des bruts, par leur nature ou par leur mélange, il existe donc un besoin dans la technique pour une détermination au plus juste, et in situ, du point de rosée et de l'efficacité des aminés neutralisantes utilisées comme inhibiteurs de corrosion dans les unités de distillation. Ce besoin existe aussi par ailleurs dans d'autres domaines impliquant une corrosion acide en présence de produits pétroliers, par exemple dans le transport par pipeline de différents hydrocarbures et notamment du pétrole brut . FR-A-2316587 décrit une sonde refroidie à l'air pour déterminer le point de rosée de certains gaz, qui peuvent être acides. Il n'y a aucune mention de l'application au domaine des hydrocarbures, ni de la mesure de l'effet d'un inhibiteur de corrosion. WO-A-0063674 décrit une sonde de mesure de corrosion et son application aux pipelines de transport des hydrocarbures. Cette sonde n'est pas refroidie et ne mesure pas le point de rosée. Il n'y a aucune mention de la mesure de l'effet d'un inhibiteur de corrosion. La société Cormon Ltd a mis au point une technologie CEION®, dont une description sommaire figure sur le site web de cette société, en date du 13 avril 2004, à l'adresse suivante : www. cormon. com/catalog/techpres .htm La technologie est décrite comme reprenant le principe de la mesure de la perte de métal. Il est indiqué une application au domaine des hydrocarbures. La figure 3 associée montre que la vitesse de corrosion est fonction de la température, variant entre 2.5 mm/an et 4 mm/an pour des températures de 500C et 75°C respectivement, et cette même figure montre que cette vitesse diminue sensiblement lors de l'addition d'un inhibiteur de corrosion. Il n'y a pas de mention de la mesure d'un point de rosée à l'aide de cette sonde, ni de son application pour la détermination de l'efficacité d'un inhibiteur.Considering the lack of reliable analytical possibility of the laboratory measurement of the dew point temperature of a gaseous stream, the lack of readability of the neutralizing amines efficiency with regard to the diversity of the crudes, by their nature or by their Thus, there is a need in the art for the most accurate and in situ determination of the dew point and the effectiveness of the neutralizing amines used as corrosion inhibitors in the distillation units. This need also exists in other areas involving acid corrosion in the presence of petroleum products, for example in the pipeline transport of various hydrocarbons and in particular crude oil. FR-A-2316587 discloses an air-cooled probe for determining the dew point of certain gases, which may be acidic. There is no mention of the application to the field of hydrocarbons, nor the measurement of the effect of a corrosion inhibitor. WO-A-0063674 discloses a corrosion measuring probe and its application to hydrocarbon transport pipelines. This probe is not cooled and does not measure the dew point. There is no mention of measuring the effect of a corrosion inhibitor. Cormon Ltd has developed a CEION ® technology, a summary description of which can be found on the company's website, dated April 13, 2004, at the following address: www. Cormon. com / catalog / techpres .htm The technology is described as the principle of measuring the loss of metal. An application to the field of hydrocarbons is indicated. The associated figure 3 shows that the rate of corrosion is a function of the temperature, varying between 2.5 mm / year and 4 mm / year for 50 0 C and 75 ° C respectively, and this same figure shows that this speed decreases substantially upon the addition of a corrosion inhibitor. There is no mention of the measurement of a dew point using this probe, nor of its application for the determination of the effectiveness of an inhibitor.
Aucun des documents cités ci-dessus ne décrit ni ne suggère la présente invention.None of the documents cited above describe or suggest the present invention.
RESUME DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
L'invention fournit donc un procédé pour le traitement anti-corrosion d'une unité industrielle, dans laquelle circule un fluide gazeux destiné à être condensé, le condensât comprenant une phase aqueuse acide, ce procédé étant caractérisé en ce que : on détermine la température du point de rosée du fluide gazeux, on ajuste la température de fonctionnement de l'unité industrielle au-dessus de la température de rosée ainsi déterminée,The invention thus provides a method for the anti-corrosion treatment of an industrial unit, in which circulates a gaseous fluid intended to be condensed, the condensate comprising an aqueous acid phase, this process being characterized in that: the temperature is determined the dew point of the gaseous fluid, the operating temperature of the industrial unit is adjusted above the dew point temperature thus determined,
- on mesure la vitesse de corrosion du condensât, on détermine les meilleures espèces neutralisantes inhibitrices de la corrosion, à différents débits, pour réduire la vitesse de corrosion, - on injecte la meilleure espèce neutralisante inhibitrice de la corrosion, à la concentration et au débit adapté, pour réduire la vitesse de corrosion.the corrosion rate of the condensate is measured, the best corrosion-inhibiting neutralizing species are determined, at different flow rates, to reduce the rate of corrosion, the best corrosion-inhibiting neutralizing species is injected at the concentration and the flow rate. adapted, to reduce the rate of corrosion.
L'invention fournit donc, par rapport à l'art antérieur, une solution qui propose, à partir d'une sonde fonctionnant in situ dans le procédé, une mesure tant du point de rosée que de la vitesse de corrosion du condensât. Ceci permet donc de déterminer "on-line" quelles sont les meilleurs couples espèces neutralisantes/débits pour inhiber la corrosion. Ceci permet aussi de déterminer "on-line" à quelle température l'unité peut fonctionner de façon sûre, avec un réglage plus fin. L'invention permet donc une conduite de procédé plus sûre et plus économique, en évitant une surconsommation d'espèces neutralisantes, en travaillant à des températures plus faibles, et avec un ajustement "on-line" en fonction de la charge à traiter.The invention thus provides, compared to the prior art, a solution which proposes, from a probe operating in situ in the process, a measurement of both the dew point and the corrosion rate of the condensate. This makes it possible to determine "on-line" which are the best pairs of neutralizing species / flow rates to inhibit corrosion. This also makes it possible to determine "on-line" at which temperature the unit can operate safely, with a finer setting. The invention thus allows safer and more economical process operation, avoiding overconsumption of neutralizing species, by working at higher temperatures. low, and with an "on-line" adjustment depending on the load to be treated.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le courant gazeux destiné à être condensé comprend un mélange d'hydrocarbures, d'eau et d'espèces acides.According to one embodiment, the gas stream intended to be condensed comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons, water and acid species.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la température de rosée du courant gazeux est mesurée par une sonde à refroidissement interne. Le refroidissement interne de la sonde peut être réalisé par un flux de gaz, de préférence par de l'air. Selon un mode de réalisation, la vitesse de corrosion est mesurée par une sonde fonctionnant selon la technique de mesure de la perte de métal .According to one embodiment, the dew point temperature of the gas stream is measured by an internally cooled probe. The internal cooling of the probe can be achieved by a flow of gas, preferably by air. According to one embodiment, the corrosion rate is measured by a probe operating according to the technique of measuring the loss of metal.
Selon un mode de réalisation, on réalise des injections des espèces neutralisantes inhibitrices, comparativement, afin de procéder à l'évaluation de leur efficacité.According to one embodiment, injections of inhibitory neutralizing species are made, comparatively, in order to evaluate their effectiveness.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le procédé selon l'invention comprend les étapes suivantes : on détermine la vitesse de corrosion sur une surface sur laquelle on produit le condensât au point de rosée du courant gazeux en l'absence d'espèces neutralisantes inhibitrices , on détermine la vitesse de corrosion sur une surface sur laquelle on produit le condensât au point de rosée du courant gazeux en présence desdites espèces neutralisantes, on détermine l'espèce neutralisante inhibitrice et son débit optimum pour une vitesse de corrosion minimale. Selon ce mode de réalisation, le condensât est notamment produit sur la surface d'une sonde à refroidissement interne. Selon un mode de réalisation, la détermination des espèces neutralisantes inhibitrices et de leurs débits est effectuée à conditions opératoires constantes de l'unité industrielle.According to one embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises the following steps: the rate of corrosion is determined on a surface on which the condensate is produced at the dew point of the gas stream in the absence of inhibitory neutralizing species, determines the rate of corrosion on a surface on which the condensate is produced at the dew point of the gas stream in the presence of said neutralizing species, the inhibitory neutralizing species and its optimum flow rate are determined for a minimum corrosion rate. According to this embodiment, the condensate is produced in particular on the surface of an internally cooled probe. According to one embodiment, the determination of inhibitory neutralizing species and their flow rates is carried out under constant operating conditions of the industrial unit.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les espèces neutralisantes inhibitrices sont de types aminés. Selon un mode de réalisation, la température de l'unité industrielle est réglée 1O0C, et de préférence 5°C, au-dessus de la température de rosée. Selon un mode de réalisation, l'unité industrielle est une colonne de distillation du pétrole brut, fonctionnant à pression atmosphérique ou sous vide.According to one embodiment, the inhibitory neutralizing species are of the amine type. According to one embodiment, the temperature of the industrial unit is set at 10 ° C., and preferably 5 ° C., above the dew point temperature. According to one embodiment, the industrial unit is a distillation column of crude oil, operating at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum.
Selon ce mode de réalisation, on peut prévoir d'installer, sur la conduite de soutirage de tête, un dispositif de détection de la température de rosée et de la mesure de la vitesse de corrosion comprenant une sonde fonctionnant à refroidissement .According to this embodiment, provision may be made to install, on the head withdrawal line, a device for detecting the dew point temperature and measuring the rate of corrosion comprising a probe operating with cooling.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, l'unité industrielle est un pipeline pour le transport des hydrocarbures et notamment du pétrole brut .According to another embodiment, the industrial unit is a pipeline for the transport of hydrocarbons, especially crude oil.
Selon ce mode de réalisation, on peut prévoir d'installer, sur la partie supérieure du pipeline, au moins un dispositif de détection de la température de rosée et de la mesure de la vitesse de corrosion comprenant une sonde fonctionnant à refroidissement .According to this embodiment, provision can be made to install, on the upper part of the pipeline, at least one device for detecting the dew point temperature and for measuring the rate of corrosion comprising a probe operating with cooling.
Le procédé peut être mis en œuvre de façon continue ou discontinue.The process can be carried out continuously or discontinuously.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le procédé comprend une étape d'injection d'espèces neutralisantes inhibitrices en fonction des résultats obtenus lors de la mise en œuvre dudit procédé.According to one embodiment, the method comprises a step of injecting inhibitory neutralizing species based on the results obtained during the implementation of said method.
L'invention a encore pour objet une cartographie pour une pluralité de pétroles bruts destinés à être séparés par distillation, obtenue à partir de la mesure des efficacités inhibitrices respectives de différentes espèces neutralisantes par la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention. BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESThe invention also relates to a mapping for a plurality of crude oils to be separated by distillation, obtained from the measurement of the respective inhibitory efficiencies of different neutralizing species by the implementation of the method according to the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
La figure 1 est une représentation schématique de la tête d'une colonne d'une unité de distillation;Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the head of a column of a distillation unit;
La figure 2 est une courbe de réponse en fonction du temps pour une sonde de corrosion utilisée dans 1 ' invention.Figure 2 is a response versus time curve for a corrosion probe used in the invention.
EXPOSE DETAILLE DE MODES DE REALISATION DE L'INVENTION En référence à la figure 1, on décrit une unité de distillation (1), qui comprend en tête une conduite de soutirage (2) ou tête de colonne comme indiqué dans la présente description, alimentant un échangeur de chaleur (3) . Cet échangeur est relié à un ballon de tête (4) pour la séparation des phases hydrocarbures et eau, qui sont ensuite respectivement soutirées par les conduites (6) et (5). Le recyclage vers la colonne se fait par la conduite (7). De 5 façon classique, on injecte des inhibiteurs de corrosion, en général des aminés neutralisantes (la description est donnée dans ce qui suit en référence à ces aminés) , par un point d'injection (8) situé sur la conduite (2) en tête de colonne. Selon l'invention, on prévoit l'installation d'une sonde de .0 mesure de la corrosion par refroidissement (9) en aval de ce point d'injection d'aminés neutralisantes. Cette sonde de corrosion fonctionnant par refroidissement sera expliquée plus en détails infra .DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION Referring to FIG. 1, there is described a distillation unit (1), which comprises at the top a withdrawal line (2) or column head as indicated in the present description, feeding a heat exchanger (3). This exchanger is connected to an overhead tank (4) for the separation of the hydrocarbon and water phases, which are then withdrawn respectively by the lines (6) and (5). Recycling to the column is via the pipe (7). Conventionally, corrosion inhibitors, in general neutralizing amines (the description is given in the following with reference to these amines), are injected by an injection point (8) located on the pipe (2). column head. According to the invention, provision is made for the installation of a cooling corrosion measurement probe (9) downstream of this injection point of neutralizing amines. This corrosion probe working by cooling will be explained in more detail below.
La sonde de corrosion mesure deux phénomènes . Le premierThe corrosion probe measures two phenomena. The first
L5 phénomène est la température d'apparition du point de rosée, et corrélativement la température à laquelle se forme ledit point de rosée. Le second phénomène mesuré est la vitesse de corrosion (qui existe seulement en présence d'un milieu liquide aqueux apparaissant à la rosée) .The phenomenon is the temperature of appearance of the dew point, and correlatively the temperature at which said dew point is formed. The second phenomenon measured is the rate of corrosion (which exists only in the presence of an aqueous liquid medium appearing at the dew).
20 En opération, cette sonde fonctionne de la manière suivante. Elle est placée dans le flux de tête issu de la colonne de distillation. Le refroidissement est alors activé. Lorsque la sonde détecte la présence d'eau formée, on détermine la température de la sonde à laquelle l'eau s'est 5 formée. On connaît alors la température du point de rosée pour le mélange spécifique. Lorsque le milieu aqueux est formé, il se produit nécessairement une corrosion due à la présence d'un milieu aqueux acide. On mesure alors une vitesse de corrosion. L'apparition de cette vitesse de corrosion est aussi 0 représentative de l'apparition de la rosée.In operation, this probe operates as follows. It is placed in the overhead stream from the distillation column. Cooling is then activated. When the probe detects the presence of formed water, the temperature of the probe at which the water is formed is determined. The temperature of the dew point for the specific mixture is then known. When the aqueous medium is formed, corrosion necessarily occurs due to the presence of an acidic aqueous medium. A rate of corrosion is then measured. The appearance of this rate of corrosion is also representative of the appearance of dew.
En fonctionnement normal, on fait baisser la température du milieu pénétrant dans la sonde, qui peut être un gaz, de préférence de l'air, et on mesure la température de la sonde dans le courant gazeux à mesurer, ainsi que la vitesse de 5 corrosion de ladite sonde. Les deux courbes sont représentées à la figure 2. La ligne pleine représente la vitesse de corrosion tandis que la ligne pointillée représente la température de la sonde. Au cours de la première zone, identifiée A sur la figure, qui est la phase initiale du processus, la température Tl de la sonde est identique à la température du procédé, il n'y a pas de rosée, donc pas de condensation et, par conséquent, la vitesse de corrosion Vl est nulle. A un moment tl, la sonde est refroidie par circulation interne d'un courant gazeux, la température de celle-ci T2 diminue régulièrement pendant la deuxième phase B du processus . Cette deuxième phase peut être déclenchée à volonté de l'exploitant, par exemple lors d'un changement de marche de l'unité de distillation, ou de brut d'alimentation, quand le procédé est stabilisé depuis quelques heures. La vitesse de corrosion V2 est toujours nulle pendant cette phase où la rosée du courant gazeux n'a pas été atteinte. Quand la température de la sonde devient égale à la température du point de rosée du courant gazeux, le phénomène de condensation de l'eau est enclenché sur cette même sonde, et la corrosion de celle-ci commence. La réponse sur la courbe de suivi de la vitesse de corrosion se traduit par un point d'inflexion V3 , mesuré par l'enregistrement en continu de la dérivé première de ladite courbe. A cet instant t2 commence la phase C du processus, le refroidissement de la sonde est arrêté et stabilisé, la température T3 de celle-ci est enregistrée comme température du point de rosée du courant gazeux circulant en tête de colonne, toutes conditions opératoires de l'unité de distillation étant fixées et stables depuis plusieurs heures. La vitesse de corrosion augmente jusqu'à sa valeur V4 pour devenir ensuite un phénomène continu stable pour une température de sonde également constante T3. La quatrième phase D débute alors à t3 par interruption de la circulation du gaz de refroidissement dans la sonde afin que celle-ci atteigne la température T4 du procédé et une vitesse de corrosion nulle. La sonde est ainsi prête pour un nouveau cycle du processus de mesures.In normal operation, the temperature of the penetrating medium in the probe, which may be a gas, preferably air, is lowered and the temperature of the probe in the gaseous stream to be measured is measured, as well as the speed of the probe. corrosion of said probe. The two curves are shown in Figure 2. The solid line represents the rate of corrosion while the dotted line represents the temperature of the probe. During the first zone, identified A in the figure, which is the initial phase of the process, the temperature T1 of the probe is identical to the temperature of the process, there is no dew, therefore no condensation and, therefore, the rate of corrosion Vl is zero. At a time t1, the probe is cooled by internal circulation of a gaseous stream, the temperature thereof T2 decreases steadily during the second phase B of the process. This second phase can be triggered at will of the operator, for example during a change of market of the distillation unit, or raw feed, when the process is stabilized for a few hours. The corrosion rate V2 is always zero during this phase where the dew of the gas stream has not been reached. When the temperature of the probe becomes equal to the temperature of the dew point of the gas stream, the phenomenon of condensation of water is triggered on the same probe, and the corrosion thereof begins. The response on the curve of monitoring of the rate of corrosion results in a point of inflection V3, measured by the continuous recording of the first derivative of said curve. At this time t2 begins phase C of the process, the cooling of the probe is stopped and stabilized, the temperature T3 thereof is recorded as the dew point temperature of the gaseous stream circulating at the head of the column, all operating conditions of the distillation unit being fixed and stable for several hours. The corrosion rate increases to its value V4 and then becomes a stable continuous phenomenon for a probe temperature that is also constant T3. The fourth phase D then begins at t3 by interrupting the circulation of the cooling gas in the probe so that it reaches the temperature T4 of the process and a zero corrosion rate. The probe is thus ready for a new cycle of the measurement process.
Le début de la phase de condensation peut donc être détecté par la sonde, notamment par l'apparition d'une vitesse de corrosion. On peut aussi déterminer l'apparition de la rosée par d'autres techniques, notamment par une technique impliquant un circuit électrique qui se ferme lors de l'apparition du condensât.The beginning of the condensation phase can therefore be detected by the probe, in particular by the appearance of a corrosion rate. We can also determine the appearance of dew by other techniques, including a technique involving an electrical circuit that closes when the condensate appears.
L'efficacité des aminés neutralisantes peut aussi être déterminée par cette sonde. En effet, dès que l'on détecte une corrosion, on fixe les conditions opératoires et on injecte alors un débit donné d'aminés. On suit alors l'évolution de la vitesse de corrosion. On peut alors déterminer la réponse en corrosion à l'ajout de certaines classes d'aminés, en des débits variables . Le refroidissement de la sonde peut se faire de différentes manières . On peut refroidir la sonde par application locale d'un courant froid, mais plus généralement le refroidissement sera opéré de façon interne à la sonde, par un fluide tel que de l'air. Par ailleurs, le procédé de commande et de gestion de la sonde en ce qui concerne la température d'apparition de la rosée peut se faire de façon classique, comme rappelé dans la partie introductive du document FR-A-2316587, ainsi que la partie descriptive des modes de réalisation de ce même document. En ce qui concerne l'apparition de la rosée, puis de la condensation, elle peut se mesurer aussi conformément aux techniques décrites dans FR-A-2316587 , à savoir la mesure d'un courant qui s'établit lors de l'apparition du condensât.The effectiveness of the neutralizing amines can also be determined by this probe. Indeed, as soon as corrosion is detected, the operating conditions are set and a given flow rate of amines is then injected. The evolution of the corrosion rate is then monitored. The corrosion response can then be determined by the addition of certain classes of amines at varying rates. The cooling of the probe can be done in different ways. The probe can be cooled by local application of a cold current, but more generally the cooling will be operated internally to the probe by a fluid such as air. Moreover, the method for controlling and managing the probe with regard to the dew-appearance temperature can be done conventionally, as recalled in the introductory part of document FR-A-2316587, as well as the part description of the embodiments of this same document. With regard to the appearance of dew and then condensation, it can also be measured according to the techniques described in FR-A-2316587, namely the measurement of a current which is established during the appearance of the condensate.
En ce qui concerne la vitesse de corrosion, elle peut se mesurer conformément aux techniques classiques, par exemple technique basée sur la perte métallique, ou technique basée sur des procédés électrochimiques . La technique basée sur la perte métallique (Métal Loss Technique) inclue les techniques suivantes : coupon (témoin de corrosion in situ) , résistance électrique (mesure de la résistance électrique d'une sonde de mesure) . La technique basée sur des procédés électrochimiques inclue la Polarisation Linéaire Résistance (LPR) , l'Electrochemical impédance Spectroscopy (EIS) et l'Electrochemical Noise (EN) . -Un exemple de sonde est donné dans WO-A-0063674.As regards the rate of corrosion, it can be measured according to conventional techniques, for example a technique based on metal loss, or technique based on electrochemical processes. The technique based on metallic loss (Metal Loss Technique) includes the following techniques: coupon (in situ corrosion indicator), electrical resistance (measurement of the electrical resistance of a measuring probe). The technique based on electrochemical processes includes Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Electrochemical Noise (EN). An example of a probe is given in WO-A-0063674.
La partie consommable de la sonde, lorsque la technique de perte métallique est utilisée, a de préférence la même composition métallurgique et la même microstructure que les conduits à protéger.The consumable part of the probe, when the metal loss technique is used, preferably has the same metallurgical composition and the same microstructure as the conduits to be protected.
Avantageusement la sonde est une sonde "flush" qui affleure à la surface de la conduite pour ne pas gêner l ' écoulement .Advantageously, the probe is a "flush" probe which is flush with the surface of the pipe so as not to impede the flow.
L'utilisation de la sonde selon l'invention permet une meilleure conduite du procédé de distillation. Dans un premier temps on règle la température de tête au-dessus du point de rosée estimé, par exemple 200C. On mesure alors le point de rosée à l'aide de la sonde. On règle à nouveau la température de tête, cette fois-ci 100C au-dessus du point de rosée mesuré, de préférence 5°C. Avantageusement on mesure à nouveau le point de rosée pour vérifier que les modifications des conditions opératoires n'ont pas affecté ce point de rosée. On peut ainsi mieux régler les conditions opératoires de l'unité de distillation, assurer une rosée à l'endroit voulu dans 1 ' échangeur de chaleur, obtenir un gain de productivité avec des coupes d'hydrocarbures plus maîtrisées, ainsi qu'un gain en besoin énergétique, etc.. L'utilisation de la sonde selon l'invention permet une optimisation des aminés injectées. A partir de la situation opératoire décrite ci-dessus, on refroidit la sonde jusqu'à provoquer la condensation. Puis on teste différentes aminés selon différents débits. On obtient alors, pour différents bruts, une cartographie des aminés neutralisantes et débits appropriés pour inhiber la corrosion acide, et ce pour différents bruts dans différentes conditions opératoires.The use of the probe according to the invention allows a better conduct of the distillation process. First, the head temperature is adjusted above the estimated dew point, for example 20 ° C. The dew point is then measured using the probe. The head temperature is again adjusted, this time to 10 ° C. above the measured dew point, preferably 5 ° C. Advantageously, the dew point is again measured to verify that the modifications of the operating conditions have not affected this dew point. It is thus possible to better regulate the operating conditions of the distillation unit, to ensure a dew at the desired location in the heat exchanger, to obtain a productivity gain with more controlled hydrocarbon cuts, as well as a gain in energy requirement, etc. The use of the probe according to the invention allows optimization of the injected amines. From the operating situation described above, the probe is cooled to cause condensation. Then we test different amines according to different flow rates. For different crudes, a mapping of the neutralizing amines and flow rates suitable for inhibiting acid corrosion is then obtained for different crudes under different operating conditions.
L'invention offre aussi la possibilité de piloter le débit d'ajout d'aminés en fonction des données qui sont fournies par la sonde.The invention also offers the possibility of controlling the rate of addition of amines according to the data provided by the probe.
L'invention s'applique à la distillation atmosphérique, mais trouvera également une application dans d'autres domaines. Ainsi, l'invention s'appliquera mutatis mutandis à la distillation d'un brut, la distillation sous vide, le fractionnement primaire d'un craqueur catalytique, ou pour tout type de fractionnement, etc..The invention is applicable to atmospheric distillation, but will also find application in other fields. Thus, the invention will apply mutatis mutandis to the distillation of a crude, the vacuum distillation, the primary fractionation of a catalytic cracker, or for any type of fractionation, etc.
L'invention s'applique également au transport des bruts. En effet, dans un pipeline, il y a en général 3 phases. La phase inférieure est la phase aqueuse, la phase intermédiaire la phase HC et la phase supérieure la phase gazeuse. Dans la phase gazeuse, les conditions sont en général toujours très proches de la rosée. L'invention s'applique donc à l'asservissement des quantités d'inhibiteur de corrosion ajoutées aux mesures effectuées par une pluralité de sondes, disposées le long du pipeline selon une fréquence donnée. The invention also applies to the transportation of crudes. Indeed, in a pipeline, there are usually 3 phases. The lower phase is the aqueous phase, the intermediate phase the HC phase and the upper phase the gas phase. In the gas phase, the conditions are usually always very close to dew. The invention therefore applies to the control of the amounts of corrosion inhibitor added to the measurements made by a plurality of probes, arranged along the pipeline at a given frequency.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0705464 | 2007-07-26 | ||
| FR0705464A FR2919310B1 (en) | 2007-07-26 | 2007-07-26 | PROCESS FOR THE ANTICORROSION TREATMENT OF AN INDUSTRIAL UNIT |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009044020A2 true WO2009044020A2 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
| WO2009044020A3 WO2009044020A3 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
Family
ID=39315577
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2008/001115 Ceased WO2009044020A2 (en) | 2007-07-26 | 2008-07-25 | Method for the anti-corrosion treatment of an industrial unit |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2919310B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009044020A2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9493715B2 (en) | 2012-05-10 | 2016-11-15 | General Electric Company | Compounds and methods for inhibiting corrosion in hydrocarbon processing units |
| CN108508058A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-07 | 中国石油大学(华东) | The online crude oil solidifying point measuring device of crude oil pipeline and method |
| CN109988595A (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2019-07-09 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A screening method for a composite neutralizer for the top of a fractionation tower in crude oil distillation |
| CN111595719A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Evaluation device and corrosion inhibition performance evaluation method for vapor phase corrosion inhibitor on top of distillation tower |
| CN114660159A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-06-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for retarding corrosion of rectification system of vinyl acetate device |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1541441A (en) * | 1975-06-18 | 1979-02-28 | Land Pyrometers Ltd | Dew pont meters |
| US4806229A (en) * | 1985-08-22 | 1989-02-21 | Nalco Chemical Company | Volatile amines for treating refinery overhead systems |
| US4855035A (en) * | 1988-09-14 | 1989-08-08 | Shell Oil Company | Method of abating corrosion in crude oil distillation units |
| US5965785A (en) * | 1993-09-28 | 1999-10-12 | Nalco/Exxon Energy Chemicals, L.P. | Amine blend neutralizers for refinery process corrosion |
| EP0645440B1 (en) * | 1993-09-28 | 2003-05-07 | Ondeo Nalco Energy Services, L.P. | Process using amine blends to inhibit chloride corrosion in wet hydrocarbon condensing systems |
| US5641396A (en) * | 1995-09-18 | 1997-06-24 | Nalco/Exxon Energy Chemicals L. P. | Use of 2-amino-1-methoxypropane as a neutralizing amine in refinery processes |
| GB2349221B (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2003-10-15 | Cormon Ltd | Electrical resistance sensor and apparatus for monitoring corrosion |
| US7381319B2 (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2008-06-03 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Multi-amine neutralizer blends |
-
2007
- 2007-07-26 FR FR0705464A patent/FR2919310B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-07-25 WO PCT/FR2008/001115 patent/WO2009044020A2/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9493715B2 (en) | 2012-05-10 | 2016-11-15 | General Electric Company | Compounds and methods for inhibiting corrosion in hydrocarbon processing units |
| US9803149B2 (en) | 2012-05-10 | 2017-10-31 | General Electric Company | Compounds and methods for inhibiting corrosion in hydrocarbon processing units |
| CN109988595A (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2019-07-09 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A screening method for a composite neutralizer for the top of a fractionation tower in crude oil distillation |
| CN109988595B (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2021-04-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Screening method of composite neutralizer for fractionating tower top in crude oil distillation |
| CN108508058A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-07 | 中国石油大学(华东) | The online crude oil solidifying point measuring device of crude oil pipeline and method |
| CN111595719A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Evaluation device and corrosion inhibition performance evaluation method for vapor phase corrosion inhibitor on top of distillation tower |
| CN111595719B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2023-04-25 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Evaluation device and evaluation method for vapor phase corrosion inhibitor at distillation column top |
| CN114660159A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-06-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for retarding corrosion of rectification system of vinyl acetate device |
| CN114660159B (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2024-04-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for slowing down corrosion of rectification system of vinyl acetate device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009044020A3 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
| FR2919310A1 (en) | 2009-01-30 |
| FR2919310B1 (en) | 2009-11-06 |
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