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WO2009040452A1 - Lentilles ophtalmiques monofocales - Google Patents

Lentilles ophtalmiques monofocales Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009040452A1
WO2009040452A1 PCT/ES2008/000598 ES2008000598W WO2009040452A1 WO 2009040452 A1 WO2009040452 A1 WO 2009040452A1 ES 2008000598 W ES2008000598 W ES 2008000598W WO 2009040452 A1 WO2009040452 A1 WO 2009040452A1
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Prior art keywords
lens
ophthalmic lenses
lenses
monofocal ophthalmic
curvature
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PCT/ES2008/000598
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Daniel CRESPO VÁZQUEZ
Jose ALONSO FERNÁNDEZ
Jose Miguel Cleva Millor
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Indizen Optical Technologies SL
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Indizen Optical Technologies SL
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is a method of designing ophthalmic lenses, monofocal lenses of the highest quality and ophthalmic lenses for compensation of refractive errors that are achieved with said method. Background of the invention.
  • ocular refractive errors are compensated by the use of ophthalmic lenses.
  • the requirement that is required of a compensatory ophthalmic lens is that its paraxial image focus coincides with the conjugate point of the retina of the ametropic eye, for a given object distance, and for a given ocular accommodation value.
  • the posterior frontal power of the lens, in the paraxial sense coincide with the refractive error. of the determined patient. in the plane of the glasses.
  • the visual axis can rotate in the center 'of rotation of the eye, away from the optical axis of the compensating lens of the refractive error.
  • Refractive error is traditionally specified from the main curvatures of the wavefront refracted by the eye. If we consider the difference between the curvature of a parallel beam refracted by a perfect eye, and the main curvatures corresponding to the beam refracted by the ametropic eye, and we call these differences Zc 1 and Zf 2 , traditionally called sphere, E, a of the two curvatures and cylinder, C, to the difference between the two.
  • the axis of the cylinder a is defined as the direction of the main curvature defined as a sphere.
  • the ideal power of the compensating lens can then be specified with the three figures [E, C * á ⁇ .
  • the obliquity of the visual axis has the consequence that the lens has a power [E + ⁇ (u, v), (C + ⁇ (u, v)) * (a + a (u, v))], where uyv are the horizontal and vertical angles that determine the direction of look and are shown in Figure 1, and the functions ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ , are errors in the spherical power, in the cylinder and in the direction of the axis of the cylinder, which we will call oblique errors (sphere error, cylinder error and cylinder axis error).
  • the meniscus shape is characterized by having an external surface of positive refracting power and an internal surface, the closest to the eye, of negative refracting power. .
  • the oblique power errors of the external and internal faces of the lens tend to compensate.
  • this format is not sufficient for a good correction of the three oblique errors. Only one of the two oblique power errors can be reduced, and even the improvement is unimportant in astigmatic lenses and in medium-high positive power lenses.
  • the meniscus shape tends to produce lenses with high curvature surfaces and with greater edge thicknesses in negative lenses or greater central thicknesses in positive lenses.
  • the optimal ophthalmic lens of spherical surfaces is less ergonomic, heavier and less aesthetic.
  • Another added problem is that the reduction of oblique power errors is only applicable in a certain position of use and for a certain position of the object observed by the user.
  • the position of use is a general denomination that encompasses all the parameters that specify the position of the lens with respect to the eye: Distance from its vertex posterior to the center of rotation V 2 , pantoscopic angle of the lens, ⁇ , facial angle, ⁇ , and decentralization of its optical center with respect to the user's pupil (x o , y o ). These parameters are illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the impositions of ophthalmic lens manufacturing systems require that at least one of the two surfaces of the lens have predefined curvature values. These values form a discrete and small set of possible curvatures, which are called bases, and partly limit the freedom to produce lenses with arbitrary shapes.
  • bases are usually used, that is, semi-finished lenses with a few possible values of curvature of the external surface.
  • the inner face of a semi-finished lens is detailed to obtain, in this way, a lens with the power required by the user.
  • the design efforts of ophthalmic lenses have focused primarily on the reduction of oblique errors for a given direction of view defined by the angles u and v. In this sense, three positions of the eye are defined in relation to the lens: In the primary position, or main gaze position, the visual axis of the eye coincides with the optical axis of the lens.
  • the design of monofocal ophthalmic lenses is limited to the optimization of a surface in response to the reduction of oblique power errors leaving aspects such as the base value or good correspondence binocular out of the optimization problem, and as part of a choice that is made a priori.
  • the modern point-to-point carving and polishing technology allows arbitrary surfaces to be manufactured in ophthalmic lenses, both on semi-finished surfaces with a spherical or aspherical surface of predetermined characteristics, and for the manufacture of b-aspherical lenses completely free. This ability to modify in .
  • Each specimen of ophthalmic lens features one or both surfaces opens the possibility to a global optimization of the ophthalmic lens. Description of the invention.
  • the objective of the present invention is to achieve optimized monofocal ophthalmic lenses in a global way to take into account, at the same time, the optical, binocular, ergonomic and aesthetic needs of the end user.
  • the calculation system will find the optimum form of both surfaces, or if semi-finishes are used, (which reduces the degrees of freedom), the system determines automatic the base together with the thickness and geometry of the carving surface, so that the lens is optimal according to the selected priorities.
  • the calculation system object of the present invention uses real ray tracing in a lens-eye model that reliably replicates the real lens and eye. This calculation system is essential to determine the powers that the eye really experiences in secondary and tertiary positions. For this, a specific ophthalmic lens shape with a spherical and toric surface is decided, which has the posterior frontal power necessary for the compensation of the user's refractive error.
  • An object space is then imposed (defined by the distances to the objects observed for each direction of gaze.) Subsequently, and from said object space, the rays coming from the object space pass through the center of rotation of the eye after The refraction in the ophthalmic lens and the deformation of the wavefront associated with each of these rays is calculated. TO From this deformation, the power that the lens offers for each direction of view is determined by standard techniques. Since the refractive error of the eye is substantially constant regardless of its position, the variations in the power of the lens in the different directions of view are translated into oblique errors, both power and axis, which are thus established in all the object space.
  • the thicknesses and curvatures of the lens used for the calculation described above allow determining other characteristics such as the size of the retinal image, the visual field and the possibility of generating parasitic images.
  • Figure 1 shows the lens-eye system in a typical oblique tertiary type position. In this position, the main ray defined by the center of rotation of the eye and the center of the pupil, cuts the lens out of the main meridians thereof.
  • Figure 2 shows the parameters that define the position of the lens with respect to the eye. These are the pantoscopic and facial angles, the distance from the posterior vertex of the lens to the center of rotation of the eye, and horizontal and vertical offsets.
  • Figure 3a shows an optimized lens [2.2 * 90], facial 10 °.
  • the AV is greater than 0.8 in a 20 ° cone.
  • Figure 6a shows the. Visual acuity map of a PA lens which, using the present invention, can be improved according to Figure 6b, further obtaining an improvement in the thickness of the lens as seen in Figure 6c.
  • Figure 7a shows the visual acuity map of a prescription PA lens (+2.5.1 x0) on a 8.50 base.
  • Figure 7b shows the same lens optimized according to the present invention using a base 4.25, which eliminates a parasitic image of type 4.
  • Figure 7c shows the map of the PA lens made in base 4.25 showing the improvement obtained by The optimized lens.
  • Figure 8 shows the values of the different functions in a PA lens and an optimized lens observing how the optimization process performs the overall improvement of all the visual characteristics of the lens.
  • Figure 9 shows typical values of the object distance as a function of the vertical viewing angle. Preferred embodiment of the invention. '
  • the surfaces of the family of ophthalmic lenses object of the present invention are chosen so that one of them is spherical and the other, in general, aspherical without revolution symmetry, or one of the surfaces is aspherical with Ia axisymmetric and other generally axisymmetric aspherical without or generally two surfaces' aspherical without symmetry of revolution.
  • an alternating aspherical form is proposed. It is possible to generate an atoric surface in different ways. Specifically, if we call ⁇ yr z a. the main radii of greater and lesser curvature at the apex of the surface, an atomic surface of type A with a ring format will be given by a Monge card of the type: where and where Ci and C 2 are the asphericity coefficients of each major meridian. On a type B atoric surface with a ring format, the Monge card is given by:, where,
  • Both atoric forms have their corresponding barrel version, which can be obtained by changing r- ⁇ for r 2 , C 1 for C 2 and x for y.
  • Each of the four atoric forms presents a different behavior outside the main meridians, in the regions where the visual axis cuts to the lens in the tertiary position. While the ring shape preserves the curvature in the meridians parallel to the maximum curvature, the barrel shape preserves the curvature in meridians parallel to the meridian of minimum curvature.
  • the aspherization affects equally all the meridians of the surface
  • the asphericity in the main meridians of a point, arbitrary of the surface depends on the distance of said point to the vertex of the surface.
  • This variability means that each type of surface has geometric, and therefore optical, slightly different properties.
  • the A-type format is adapted better to reduce oblique errors for prescriptions without a cylinder or with a low cylinder
  • form B is better adapted to the reduction of oblique errors for prescriptions with a medium-high cylinder.
  • the ring shape allows a greater reduction of the power errors in surfaces of less curvature, (internal surface in positive lenses, or external surfaces in negative lenses) while the barrel shape is better adapted to the reduction of oblique errors on surfaces with greater curvature (external surface in positive lenses, or internal surfaces in negative lenses).
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that each surface depends only on 2 parameters, which allows a rapid convergence of the optimization algorithm. Even so, the geometric variability is large by virtue of the 4 accessible surface types.
  • n, m 0
  • ⁇ and ⁇ are normalized coordinates through two parameters dependent on the indices n and m.
  • N is the maximum order of the polynomial, which can be set at a value between 4 and 6.
  • oblique errors are reduced by calculating a function of merit based on the Cartesian components of the power tensioner. This tensor depends on the angular coordinates ⁇ u, v), and can be calculated by the expression:. ,
  • the prescription of the lens is also a point of said. space and its power tensioner will be J? obJ , so that in this preferred embodiment a standard valid in 5R 3 is used as a measure of the quality of the lens for a direction of gaze. If we evaluate K gaze directions that cover the visual field more or less uniformly, the optical quality of the lens, in what refers to oblique errors, will be much better the smaller the quantity:
  • the oblique error metric presented in the previous equation treats the power as a single tensorial magnitude, instead of three independent magnitudes.
  • the angle of minimum resolution is proportional to the norm fP obj - (P + ⁇ H) II, provided that A takes the value that minimizes said norm.
  • the visual acuity is, therefore, inversely proportional to it, as long as it does not exceed the conditions imposed by diffraction, the aberrations of the eye and the density of photoreceptors, a situation contemplated by the operator G.
  • a choice of a suitable norm in the equation that defines ⁇ x makes, by minimizing the functional, the visual acuity that the user obtains in a certain direction of gaze is maximum.
  • Visual acuity is the figure of merit that determines the quality of monocular vision of the patient and, therefore, a minimum value ofcicza j guarantees the best possible quality of vision in the contour that encloses all possible directions of gaze.
  • the design process allows for the first time to take into account the effect of the orientation of the cylinder axis, traditionally neglected in the design of ophthalmic lenses. This direction changes in tertiary gaze directions with respect to the orientation of said axis in Ia.
  • the new design process allows to optimize the surfaces of the lens so that, as a whole, the visual acuity is not deteriorated by this change.
  • Another advantage of the proposed method is that, by virtue of the operator G, the optimization process does not attempt to improve the lens to reduce the norm below 1 / AV max , which would be an improvement that the user cannot take advantage of. This saves degrees of freedom and allows improving other characteristics of the lens through the functional ones described in subsequent embodiments of Ia. invention.
  • w ⁇ i and W 22 are positive weights associated with the mass of the lens, and the average curvature of the lens at its vertex, K, and W 2 is the overall weight given to the functional.
  • a minimum value of this functional guarantees a lens of minimum weight and curvature, and therefore excellent from an ergonomic and aesthetic point of view.
  • the functional is determined
  • ⁇ 4 w 4 (A ⁇ -A)
  • a ⁇ is the difference in induced ophthalmic lens magnification by the prescription for the right and left eyes
  • ⁇ is the objective aniseiconia value for the patient. In general, this value will be null but there may be cases of anatomical aniseiconia that must be maintained are compensation for clinical reasons.
  • the difference in ophthalmic lens magnification is obtained from the expression:
  • ⁇ /? __J iii l- (e OD / 2n) tv (V om ) l- (d / 2) t ⁇ (Y 0 ⁇ ) l- ( ⁇ 0 / / 2 ⁇ ) tr (P o / 1 ) 1 - ⁇ / 2) tr (P o; )
  • eo D , and O ⁇ are the central thicknesses of the corrective lenses for the right and left eyes
  • d is the vertex distance
  • P 0 ⁇ p P 0n , P 0 ⁇ 5 P 07 are respectively the refracting power tensors of the external dipropia in the right and left eye lenses and the front power (objective power) of the lenses of the right and left eye. It is also possible and more convenient to calculate A ⁇ by means of approximate expression:
  • the value of ⁇ is determined by clinical procedures and, once known, the combined design of the lenses corresponding to the right and left eyes allows, through the minimization of the functional ⁇ 4 , the selection of bases and thicknesses that will guarantee a vision optimal binocular of the patient.
  • the weight W 4 determines Ia importance of the control of the aniseiconia induced by the pair of ophthalmic lenses versus the functional ⁇ 2 , which determines the flatness and the weight.
  • the functional is determined:
  • n is the index of refraction of the material
  • K 1 and ⁇ 2 are the average curvatures at the vertices of the external surfaces and internal, respectively.
  • the constants a s ⁇ are positive numbers, preferably integers. The value of the functional
  • ⁇ 5 becomes significantly large when the refractive powers of the lens are close to, the values that allow focusing a parasitic image, produced by reflections between the cornea and the surfaces of the lens, or reflections of the user's own face or eye in the surfaces of the lens.
  • a small value of ⁇ 5 guarantees that said images are out of focus, and therefore do not disturb the user of the ophthalmic lenses object of the present invention.
  • the functional w c is determined
  • a functional is determined that would allow an adequate correction of the power tensor error for any direction of gaze, or what is the same, a functional is determined that allows obtaining a lens that provides maximum visual acuity for any direction of gaze, regardless of the distance at which the observed object is placed.
  • ⁇ 7 ⁇ w v G [V obJ - (V (U ⁇ v n S,) + A (S 1 ) I)]
  • s ⁇ is the distance at which the object is when the user looks in the ith direction
  • ⁇ (s ⁇ ) is now the accommodation value that minimizes the operator G when the user looks at an object located at a distance s, - in the ith direction.
  • s (u, v) that determines the object distance for the direction of gaze defined by the angles u, v. This function can be completely general, but in most cases, the object distance depends fundamentally (or only) on the vertical viewing angle v. For one.
  • the positive vertical gaze angles correspond to objects at distances greater than L 5 or -6 meters, while the object distance begins to decrease for angles between 0 or -15 ° to reach the typical values from near vision, about -0.03 meters.
  • the power Y (U n V n S 1 ) is determined by means of the difference in tensile verges:
  • V (U n V n S i ) V (U n V n S 1 ) 1
  • V (U n V n S f ) is the image tensor vergence, which is obtained as the tensor vergence of the beam refracted by the lens and evaluated in the vertex sphere.
  • (1 / S 1 ) I is the object vergence, which is obviously a multiple of the identity matrix.
  • the evaluation of the image vergence can be carried out by drawing a main beam and calculating the main curvatures of the wave fronts refracted by the two surfaces of the lens, which is achieved through the generalized Coddington equations.
  • an optimal lens for any distance at least one of its two surfaces must be defined in general as a polynomial development, either in monomials or as an orthogonal polynomial development.
  • an optimal lens for any object distance will lack symmetries, such as those present in lenses for the compensation of spherical ametropias, or lenses for astigmatic ametropias with a spherical surface with revolution symmetry and another atoric surface. Because the object distance will vary for progressively more negative vertical directions of view.
  • the weights W 8x determine the relative importance of the magnitude x.
  • the most important weights are w Syo and w g / , since the vertical runout and the vertex distance are the parameters that most easily change in the size of the glasses. This functional can be calculated from O 1 in the case of lenses for fixed viewing distance, or from ⁇ 7 for lenses designed to be used with different object distances.
  • r ⁇ are the principal radii of curvature at the vertices of the external and internal faces of the lens
  • ⁇ j represents the parameters that define the asphericity of the surface or the surface itself
  • c and 6min are thicknesses center and minimum edge thickness in the lens.
  • the ligatures express in a simple way non-negotiable conditions in the optimization process such as the front frontal power of the lens, in terms of sphere, cylinder and axis, the prescription prism, if any, the maximum tolerated values for visual acuity ( or for the power tensioner error standard), etc.
  • Figure 4c and Figure 4d show how the base 4.25 is suitable for the manufacture of monofocals with the power of this example.
  • the AV deteriorates significantly, so that equalizing the retinal image sizes in case of anisometropia will be accompanied by a decrease in visual quality, an effect that is eliminated in the optimized lenses shown in Figures 4a and 4b.
  • Figure 5a shows an optimized power lens [-6.2x90]. 0.5 base. Maintains a level of visual acuity in a 30 ° cone.
  • Figure 5b shows a toric [-6.2x90] power lens. Base 4.25 In the most suitable base for the realization of the toric lens a 30% decrease in the visual acuity at 30 ° is observed.
  • Figure 6a shows a toric power lens [-4.0].
  • Figure 6b represents an optimized power lens [-4.0]. Visual acuity is maintained despite using a much flatter base than in the previous case, improving the aesthetics of the final result.
  • Figure 6b on the left shows the profile of the optimized lens that is much thinner than the corresponding PA lens whose profile is shown on the right.
  • Figure 7a shows a toric power lens [2.5,1x0] with base 8.25.
  • Figure 7b shows a power lens [2.5,1x0] optimized on base 4.25. The result eliminates a parasitic image of type 4.
  • Figure 7c a toric power lens [2.5,1x0] is shown on a 4.25 basis. To eliminate a parasitic image of type 4 in the PA lenses it is necessary to use a flatter base: Comparing this lens with the optimized equivalent, a significant deterioration of the optical quality of the resulting toric lens is observed.
  • a prescription guide is developed, preferably a computer assistant, that allows the prescriber to activate or deactivate requirements intuitively to proceed with the design of a lens or pair of lenses with the desired characteristics for the user.
  • the guide's mission is to facilitate the optimization process by deactivating incoherent requests (for example the reduction of the distortion and at the same time the reduction of the curvature of the lens) and allowing the prescriber to set minimum visual acuity levels or maximum thresholds for each one of the characteristics of the lens or pair of ophthalmic lenses that are represented in the functional ⁇ , a ⁇ 8 .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Eyeglasses (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un nouveau type de lentilles ophtalmiques permettant de compenser des erreurs de réfraction, lesquelles lentilles présentent au moins une surface non sphérique dans laquelle la base et la forme mathématique définissant la surface sont choisies et calculées de manière dynamique, de façon à équilibrer toutes les propriétés optiques, ergonomiques et esthétiques de ces lentilles, simultanément et en temps réel, afin d'obtenir au final la conception de lentille la mieux équilibrée pour chaque utilisateur et pour chaque besoin.
PCT/ES2008/000598 2007-09-26 2008-09-22 Lentilles ophtalmiques monofocales Ceased WO2009040452A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ESP200702529 2007-09-26
ES200702529A ES2337970B1 (es) 2007-09-26 2007-09-26 Lentes oftalmicas monofocales con superficies esfericas y/o asfericascombinadas.

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WO2009040452A1 true WO2009040452A1 (fr) 2009-04-02

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9170433B2 (en) 2011-12-19 2015-10-27 Indo Optical S.L. Method for designing and manufacturing a monofocal ophthalmic lens and corresponding lens

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11609437B2 (en) 2020-11-06 2023-03-21 Indizen Optical Technologies S.L. Ophthalmic lens optimization considering wearer's accommodation

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4820029A (en) * 1986-10-20 1989-04-11 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Objective lens for optical pickup
US5680256A (en) * 1995-08-10 1997-10-21 Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd. Lens for reading out optical recording medium
JP2001004916A (ja) * 1999-06-23 2001-01-12 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 光ディスク用対物レンズ、並びにそれを用いた光ヘッド装置及び光学情報記録再生装置
US20020054282A1 (en) * 1993-12-22 2002-05-09 Nikon Corporation Projection exposure apparatus
KR20030062968A (ko) * 2002-01-21 2003-07-28 주식회사 포엠 회전 비축대칭 비구면 렌즈

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4820029A (en) * 1986-10-20 1989-04-11 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Objective lens for optical pickup
US20020054282A1 (en) * 1993-12-22 2002-05-09 Nikon Corporation Projection exposure apparatus
US5680256A (en) * 1995-08-10 1997-10-21 Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd. Lens for reading out optical recording medium
JP2001004916A (ja) * 1999-06-23 2001-01-12 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 光ディスク用対物レンズ、並びにそれを用いた光ヘッド装置及び光学情報記録再生装置
KR20030062968A (ko) * 2002-01-21 2003-07-28 주식회사 포엠 회전 비축대칭 비구면 렌즈

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9170433B2 (en) 2011-12-19 2015-10-27 Indo Optical S.L. Method for designing and manufacturing a monofocal ophthalmic lens and corresponding lens

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ES2337970A1 (es) 2010-04-30
ES2337970B1 (es) 2011-05-27

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