WO2008139020A1

WO2008139020A1 - A method for fastening the crushing blade of a crusher, a fastening element for the crushing blade of a crusher and a crusher

Info

Publication number: WO2008139020A1
Application number: PCT/FI2007/050265
Authority: WO
Inventors: Aki Lautala
Original assignee: Metso Minerals Oy
Current assignee: Metso Finland Oy
Priority date: 2007-05-09
Filing date: 2007-05-09
Publication date: 2008-11-20
Anticipated expiration: 2009-11-09
Also published as: TW200902154A; TW200848163A; WO2008139022A1

Abstract

A crusher blade fastening element for fastening a first crusher blade (4, 54) to the frame (1, 51) of a crusher. The fastening element (11) consists of a single cylindrical piece divided into several sectors (31).

Description

A method for fastening the crushing blade of a crusher, a fastening element for the crushing blade of a crusher, and a crusher

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a method for fastening the blade of a crusher according to the preamble of the appended claim 1. The invention also relates to a crusher blade fastening element according to the preamble of the appended claim 15, as well as a crusher according to the appended claim 29.

Background of the invention

When mineral material is crushed, the material is introduced between two hard surfaces pressed against each other in a crusher. The crushing force between the surfaces makes the material crumble into smaller particles. There are different types of crushers for different uses and for different mineral and rock types. Typically, cone and gyratory crushers are used for intermediate and fine crushing of mineral material, such as rock.

The main shaft of a typical cone crusher is bearing-mounted below the crushing cone only. In gyratory crushers, which are normally considered a subtype of the cone crusher, the main shaft of the crusher is further supported at its upper end to the frame by means of an upper thrust bearing.

The cone crushers have a frame consisting of an upper frame and a lower frame, which are fitted to each other. A vertical main shaft is mounted inside the frame. An eccentric shaft is bearing-mounted centrally on the main shaft, the outer jacket of the eccentric shaft being machined obliquely in relation to the main shaft. A supporting cone is bearing-mounted in the oblique part of the outer jacket of the eccentric shaft. The supporting cone is surrounded by the upper frame of the crusher, to which has been mounted a means called an outer crushing blade or outer blade and functioning as a wearing part. To the supporting cone, in turn, has been mounted a means called an inner crushing blade or inner blade and used as a wearing part. The inner crushing blade and the outer crushing blade together form a crushing chamber, in which the feed material is crushed. When the eccentric shaft is rotated, the supporting cone is entrained in an oscillating motion, wherein the crushing slit between the inner and outer crushing blades varies at each point during the cycle.

Gyratory crushers also have a frame consisting of an upper frame and a lower frame which are fitted to each other. A vertical eccentric shaft with an oblique inner hole is fitted inside the frame. A main shaft, to which a supporting cone is fastened, is fitted in the hole. The supporting cone is surrounded by the upper frame of the crusher, to which the outer blade is fas- tened. The inner blade is fastened to the supporting cone. Also in this crusher type, the inner and outer crushing blades together form a crushing chamber, in which the feed material is crushed. When the crusher is in operation, the eccentric shaft is rotated, wherein the supporting cone is entrained in an oscillating motion, and effects variation in the size of the crushing slit and the crushing of the material in the crushing slit.

The crushing blades of the crusher are worn by the crushing, for which reason they must be replaced at fixed intervals. The crushing blades can also be replaced to change the geometry of the slit between the inner and outer crushing blades. At present, the outer crushing blade of a cone crusher is replaced by removing the upper frame of the crusher and replacing the outer crushing blade inside the upper frame. Because of the large weight of the parts, a crane is required for lifting out the upper frame and for replacing the blade. Furthermore, for disengaging the upper and lower frames, a thread fillet or a number of bolts used for their fastening as well as any bolts and/or wedges used for fastening the outer crushing blade must be opened. All of this takes a lot of time. Therefore, two upper frames are used in many applications. In this way, the outer blade can be replaced in one upper frame while the other is in use, and the time required for replacing the blade can be shortened. However, this solution is expensive.

Also in a gyratory crusher, the replacement of the outer crushing blade takes a long time. In connection with the replacement, it is also necessary to remove the upper frame and the fastening means used for its fastening. Various solutions have been presented for fastening the outer crushing blade to the frame of the crusher. Publication WO 00/21669 discloses a fastening arrangement for fastening the outer crushing blade to the frame of the crusher. A mounting flange is provided at the upper end of the crushing blade, its surface facing the frame, for fastening the blade. The arrangement comprises separate locking means which are fixed between the frame of the crusher and the mounting flange and are clamped there so that the outer crushing blade is pressed against the frame of the crusher. This fastening arrangement has the disadvantage of a complex structure and does not result in a rigid engagement. Furthermore, it requires the removal of the upper frame of the crusher for replacing the outer crushing blade.

Publication US 2,079,882 discloses a fastening element for fastening the outer crushing blade to the.frame of the crusher. The fastening element con- sists of a single piece designed to have a sliding surface to be placed against the inner surface of the frame. The fastening element further comprises a

, conical surface which is placed against the crushing blade and against which the two supporting surfaces formed on the inner surface of the outer crushing blade are placed. The lower edge of the crushing blade is also provided with a conical surface, by means of which the blade is fastened to the frame of the crusher. The fastening element is fixed in place by screw fastening. The arrangement of the publication involves the problem that it does not eliminate the clearance between the inner surface of the frame and the sliding surface of the fastening element, wherein an absolutely rigid fastening of the outer crushing blade of the crusher is not achieved. Furthermore, the coning angle of the cone surface formed at the lower edge of the crushing blade is backwards in relation to the crushing forces; as a result, the fastening of the blade with respect to the frame is not firm.

Publication WO 2004/110626 also discloses an arrangement for fastening the outer crushing blade to the frame of the crusher. The crushing blade is fastened at its lower part to the frame, by means of a separate ring fastener. The upper part of the crushing blade is supported to the frame of the crusher by means of an intermediate ring which is fastened to it and fitted between the frame and the outer crushing blade. The intermediate ring consists of several segments which are separate from each other and are each fastened separately to the frame of the crusher. The only purpose of the intermediate ring is to eliminate the clearance between the frame and the crushing blade. This fastening arrangement involves the problem that it requires the removal of the upper frame of the crusher for the replacement of the outer crushing blade. Furthermore, each segment of the ring fastener must be lifted in place separately. Therefore, the operation of replacing the blade takes a long time.

Summary of the invention

It is thus an aim of the present invention to provide a method for fastening the crushing blade of a crusher, to avoid the above-described problems and to enable, in connection with replacement of the blade, the quick fastening of the outer crushing blade of the crusher in place, and at the same time to pro- , vide a firm fastening of the outer crushing blade. ; , ; , ^{• ■} . ^■ . ^• - ^{■ • ■ ■}: ^• <. ^! . ,

To attain this purpose, the^" method: according to the invention is primarily , characterized in what will be presented in the characterizing part of the independent claim 1. .? .

The fastening element for the outer blade of a crusher according to the invention, in turn, is primarily characterized in what will be presented in the characterizing part of the independent claim 15.

The crusher according to the invention is characterized in what will be pre- sented in the characterizing part of the independent claim 29.

The other, dependent claims will present some preferred embodiments of the invention.

The invention is based on the idea that the outer, i.e. the first crushing blade, is fixed in place by means of a fastening element consisting of a single piece divided into several sectors.

The fastening element is a uniform cylindrical piece. It consists of an upper part and a lower part fastened to each other. The upper part is a cylindrical piece whose upper edge is provided with a flange. The lower part consists of a cylindrical mantle, a conical ring attached to it, and a cover plate. The conical ring is fastened, at its edge having the larger diameter, to the inside of the mantle so that the lower edges of the conical ring and the mantle are fastened to each other. The upper edges of the conical ring and the mantle extend to the same height level, and they are connected by an intermediate piece fixed between the upper edges.

The upper part and the lower part of the fastening element are fastened to each other so that the surface of the mantle of both the upper part and the lower part on the side of the frame of the crusher is substantially uniform. This uniform surface constitutes the first fastening surface of the fastening element. The first fastening surface is substantially parallel with the inner surface of the frame of the crusher, and they are placed against each other when the fastening element is installed in place.

The outer surface of the conical ring of the lower part of the fastening element forms the second fastening surface of the fastening element and is placed against the outer surface of the outer blade when the outer blade is fastened.

The fastening element is divided into several blocks, that is, cylinder sectors. However, the adjacent sectors are connected to each other at the upper part of the fastening element. The adjacent sectors are separated from each other by a slit extending from the lower part to the upper part of the fastening ele- ment.

The fastening element is installed between the frame of the crusher and the outer blade by using locking means. At the fastening stage, when the locking means are tightened up, the sectors of the fastening element are pressed against the inner surface of the frame of the crusher and eliminate the clearances between the inner surface of the frame and the first fastening surface, as well as between the outer surface of the outer crushing blade and the second fastening surface, and fix the outer crushing blade tightly in its place. The fastening element functions as a kind of a spring which keeps the fas- tening clamped and prevents the blade from moving. The outer crushing blade does not need to be supported at its lower end by any separate securing means.

Thanks to the invention, the outer crushing blade can be fastened in its place by a simple and fast method. Moreover, the outer crushing blade does not need to be supported by separate securing means at its lower end.

Thanks to the invention, a firm and rigid fastening of the outer blade is provided. By means of the fastening element, clearances can be eliminated from all the surfaces in contact with the fastening element.

In gyratory crushers, the invention allows a totally new type of crusher structure, in which the upper frame is integrated in the lower frame. In connection with the replacement of the outer crushing blade, only the suspension arm of the top bearing is removed, and the blade is replaced from above.

In cone crushers, a particularly significant advantage is obtained in that when the outer crushing blade is replaced, the upper frame of the crusher does not need to be removed from the lower frame of the crusher, as must be done when mechanisms of prior art are used for fastening the outer blade. This saves time, for the removal of the upper frame from the lower frame is a time- consuming operation. The replacement of the outer crushing blade is performed from above without needing to remove other structures outside the crusher during the replacement.

One advantage common to both crusher types is that when the locking means have been fitted in place for securing the blade, they are also used for locking the fastening element in its place in the frame of the crusher, and no further securing elements are needed. This entails also time saving during the replacement of the blade. The parts required for fastening the blade can be manipulated by a single person, and no crane is needed for their installation. Thus, only two hoistings with a crane are needed during the replacement of the outer crushing blade. Brief description of the drawings

In the following, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the appended drawings, in which

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cone crusher seen from the side,

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view, seen from the side, of the upper part of a crusher, in which the outer crushing blade is fastened to the frame of the crusher by a fastening element according to the invention,

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view, seen from the side, of the upper part of a crusher, in which the outer crushing blade is also fastened to the frame of the crusher by a fastening element according to the invention,

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a fastening element, and

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gyratory crusher seen from the side.

In Figs. 1 to 5, the same numerals refer to corresponding parts and they will not be explained separately later on, unless required for the illustration of the subject matter.

Detailed description of the invention

Figure 1 shows a cone crusher with a frame 1 consisting of an upper frame 2 and a lower frame 3. A first crushing blade, that is, outer crushing blade 4, is fastened to the upper frame 2 of the crusher. The cone crusher also comprises a main shaft 5 which is mounted in the lower frame 3. An eccentric shaft 7 is bearing-mounted centrally on the main shaft 5. A supporting cone is bearing-mounted eccentrically on the eccentric shaft 7. A second crushing blade, that is, inner crushing blade 9, is fastened on the outer surface of the supporting cone 8. The outer crushing blade 4 surrounds the inner crushing blade 9 so that a crushing slit 10 is formed between them, whose width diminishes downwards in the axial direction of the main shaft 5. The size or setting of the crushing slit 10 can be changed by rotating the upper frame 2 with respect to the lower frame. The upper frame 2 has a thread fillet, by means of which the setting can be adjusted in the axial direction. For adjusting the setting, a hydraulic actuator is used (not shown in the figure). When the crusher is in operation, the eccentric shaft 7 is rotated around the main shaft 5 by means of an electric or hydraulic actuator (not shown in the figure). By the effect of the eccentric shaft 7, the movement of the supporting cone 8 is eccentric and effects variation in the size of the crushing slit 10 between the outer crushing blade 4 and the inner crushing blade 9, and crushing of the material in the crushing slit. The rotation axis of the main shaft 5 is indi- cated by X in Figures 2 and 3. . • ■ .

The outer crushing blade 4 is fastened to the frame 1 of the crusher, more precisely to its upper frame 2, by means of a cylindrical fastening element 11 which surrounds the crushing blade and is locked in its position between the frame 1 and the crushing blade 4 by locking means 40. Figures 2 and 3 show, in more detail, the fastening of the outer blade to the frame 1. These figures will be referred to in the following more detailed description of the structure the fastening element 11 and the fastening of the outer crushing blade 4 by means of it.

The fastening element 11 comprises a cylindrical upper part 12, whose upper edge abuts a flange 13 fastened to it. The diameter of the upper part 12 is selected so that when locked in position, the outer surface of the upper part 12 of the fastening element 11 comes into contact with the inner surface 19 of the frame 1. The flange 13 is perpendicular to the upper part and extends partly towards the rotation axis X of the main shaft of the crusher and partly to a recess formed inside the wall of the frame and encircling the whole upper frame at the same height level. The lower edge of the upper part 12 of the fastening element is fastened to the lower part 14 of the fastening element. The lower part 14 of the fastening element consists of a cylindrical mantle 16, a conical ring 15 fastened to it, and an intermediate piece 17. The diameter of the mantle 16 is selected so that when locked in position, the outer surface of the mantle 16 of the fastening element 11 is in contact with the inner sur- face 19 of the frame of the crusher. The conical ring is fitted in relation to the frame of the crusher in such a way that the diameter of the conical ring 15 increases downwards along the frame. The conical ring 15 is attached inside the mantle 16 so that the lower edges of both the conical ring 15 and the mantle 16 join. The upper edges of the conical ring 15 and the mantle 16 extend to the same height and they are connected by an annular intermediate piece 17 fixed between the upper edges. The upper surface of the intermediate piece 17, and at the same time also of the lower part 14 of the fastening element, is indicated with the numeral 26.

The upper part 12 and the lower part 14 of the fastening element are fas-- tened to each other so that the surfaces of the mantles 16 of both the upper part and the lower part, which surfaces are placed against the inner surface 19 of the frame of the crusher, are on the same vertical line and form a substantially uniform surface. This uniform surface constitutes the first fastening surface 18 of the fastening element. The first fastening surface is substantially parallel with the inner surface 19 of the frame of the crusher, and they are placed against each other when the fastening element 11 is installed in its place.

The outer surface of the conical ring 15 of the lower part of the fastening element forms the second fastening surface 20 of the fastening element, which is placed against the outer surface 21 of the outer blade facing the frame of the crusher, when the outer blade 4 is fastened. The fastening element 11 is designed so that the first 18 and second 20 fastening surfaces of the fastening element end almost in the same location as the outer surface 21 of the outer crushing blade, with respect to the height of the inner surface 19 of the frame of the crusher.

The fastening element is divided into several blocks, that is, cylinder sectors. However, the adjacent sectors are connected to each other at the upper part

12 of the fastening element. The adjacent sectors are separated from each other by a slit extending from the lower part to the upper part of the fastening element, at a distance from the flange 13 at the upper end of the fastening element. The sectors of the fastening element are shown in more detail in Fig. 4.

The outer crushing blade 4 is fixed in place by means of the fastening element 11. The fastening element 11 is fitted between the frame 1 and the outer blade 4 of the crusher, and fixed in place by locking means 40. The locking means include at least one first clamping wedge 22 and securing means 25. The first clamping wedge 22 is made of metal, and it can be, for example, a sufficiently thick plate-like piece of a suitable size, or an annular flange consisting of at least two pieces. When the outer crushing blade 4 is fastened, the first clamping wedge 22 is fitted between the outer blade 4 and the upper part 12 of the fastening element. The upper surface of the first clamping wedge 22 is fitted in contact with the inner surface of the outer blade, the lower surface of a collar 23 in, its upper part, and the lower surface of the flange 13 in the upper part of the fastening element 11. In the embodiment of Fig. 2, the first clamping wedge 22 is provided with at least one through hole 24 for leading a securing means 25, such as a bolt, through it. The securing means 25 extends up to the upper surface 26 of the lower part 14 of the fastening element.

At the stage of fastening the outer crushing blade 4, the locking means 40 are fitted in their places, and bolts 25 are used to tighten the first clamping wedge 22 in its place. Because of the tension caused by the first clamping wedge 22, the sectors in the fastening element 11 are pressed against the inner surface 19 of the frame of the crusher and against the outer surface 21 of the outer crushing blade, and they eliminate any clearances between the inner surface 19 of the frame and the first fastening surface 18 and between the outer surface 21 of the outer crushing blade and the second fastening surface 20, and fix the outer crushing blade 4 tightly in its place. As seen from figures 2 and 3, the upper part 12 of the fastening element is significantly thinner than the mantle 16 of the lower part of the fastening element. For this reason, the displacement of the sectors 31 during tensioning of the securing means 25 is greatest in the upper part 12 of the fastening element. When using the above-described securing means 25 for the first clamping wedge, the outer surface 21 of the outer blade of the crusher is provided with nodules (not shown in the figure) which are placed in notches (not shown in the figure) formed at corresponding locations in the second fastening surface 20 of the fastening element. The nodules prevent the rotation of the outer crushing blade 4 during crushing. The nodules may also be wedge-like so that when crushing forces tend to rotate the outer blade, the wedge shape of the nodule clamps the outer blade against the fastening element.

In the embodiment of Fig. 3, the locking means 40 also include at least one supporting means 28. Instead of bolts, at least one second clamping wedge 27 is used as the securing means 25. The lower surface of the first clamping wedge 22 is provided with one or more supporting means 28 extending to the upper surface 26 of the lower part of the fastening element 11. The support- ing means 28 may be a metal bar fastened to the first clamping wedge 22, or another metal support suitable for the application. If the first clamping wedge is annular, the supporting means are fastened at suitable spaces with respect to the length of the first clamping wedge. The upper surface 29 of the first clamping wedge 22, its edge on the side of the outer blade 4 of the crusher, is provided with at least one recess 30 that is open at its edge. When the first clamping wedge is fitted in its place, its upper surface is, at its one edge, in contact with the lower surface of the flange 13 of the upper part of the fastening element 11. The other edge of the first clamping wedge 22 is thus in contact with the lower surface of the collar 23 on the inner surface of the upper part of the outer blade, except for the recesses. At the stage of fastening the outer crushing blade, the second clamping wedge 27 is fitted in the recess 30 to clamp the first clamping wedge 2 in its place and to effect the pressing of the sectors in the fastening element 11 against the inner surface 19 of the frame 1 of the crusher and against the outer surface 21 of the outer crushing blade. The second wedge 27 is installed in such a way that when the crushing forces tend to rotate the outer blade 4, the wedge clamping is tensioned. When the above-described wedge clamping is used, the second clamping wedge 27 prevents the rotation of the outer crushing blade, wherein to prevent it, no separate securing mechanisms need to be provided between the outer surface 21 of the outer blade 21 or the second fastening surface 20 of the fastening element. The number of single locking means 40 may vary. Preferably, their number is smaller than the number of the sectors 31 , because a separate locking means is not needed for each sector 31 of the fastening element. This is due to the fact that when the mounting flange is clamped in its place, the outer crushing blade 4 pushes all the sectors outwards, rendering it unnecessary to install a separate locking means for each sector.

Figure 4 shows the fastening element 11 in a perspective view. The fastening element 11 is divided into several blocks, that is, cylinder sectors 31. The adjacent sectors 31 are connected to each other at the upper part 12 of the fastening element. The adjacent sectors 31 are separated from each other by a narrow slit 32 extending through the thickness of the fastening element, extending at a distance from the flange 13 in the upper part of the fastening element. The slit 32 extends from the lower part 14 of the fastening element at least half-way up the height of the upper part 1.2.- The number of the sectors 31 must be sufficiently high to provide the best possible contact between , the- outer crushing blade and the frame of the crusher. In the example shown in the figure, the number of the sectors is eight, but it may vary from 3 to 24.

The figure also shows recesses 33 formed in the flange 13 of the upper part of the fastening element. The recesses 33 are provided at regular spaces in the upper edge of the flange 13, which edge extends to the inside of the frame 1 of the crusher. The recesses 33 are curved to comply with the shape of the upper edge of the flange 13. When the fastening element 11 is installed, a third clamping wedge 34 (shown in Figs. 1 to 3) is fitted in each recess 33 to prevent the movement of the fastening element 11 in the axial direction, that is, its rising upwards. The third clamping wedges 34 also prevent the rotation of the fastening element 11 with respect to the frame 1. The fastening element 11 shown in Fig. 4 comprises four recesses, but their number may vary from two to six.

The fastening element 11 can be formed of separate metal sheets by welding, or as an integrated unit by casting. The lower part 14 of the fastening element may be either hollow, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, or solid, made of a single piece, depending on the manufacturing method. Preferably, the lower part 14 is hollow, to minimize the mass of the structure. The partition of the fastening element into the sectors can be performed at the stage of assembling the fastening element, if the fastening element is made of several parts. If the fastening element is made as a single piece by casting, the partition into the sectors can be performed at the casting stage by means of a suitable casting mould. The slits 32 can also be machined afterwards either by milling or sawing, if the fastening element is made as a single piece.

Figure 5 shows a gyratory crusher, whose outer blade may also be fastened by using the fastening element according to the invention. Said gyratory crusher comprises a frame 51 consisting of a feeder hopper 52, a lower frame 53, and a suspension arm 56 for the top bearing. The first or outer crushing blade 54 is fastened to the frame 51 of the crusher, more precisely to its lower frame 53. The gyratory crusher also comprises a main shaft 55 which is bearing-mounted eccentrically to an eccentric shaft 57. A supporting cone 58 is fastened to the upper part of the main shaft. A second crushing blade, that is, the inner crushing blade 59, is fastened to the outer surface of the supporting cone 58. The outer crushing blade 54 surrounds the inner crushing blade 59 so that a crushing slit 10 is formed between them. When the crusher is in operation, the eccentric shaft 57 is rotated, wherein the supporting cone 58 fastened to the main shaft 55 and the inner crushing blade 59 fastened to it are entrained in an eccentric movement which causes variation in the size of the crushing slit and crushing of the material in the crushing slit. The eccentric shaft 57 is rotated by means of an electical or hydraulic actuator (not shown in the figures). The rotation axis of the lower frame 53 is indicated by X in Figures 2 and 3.

The outer crushing blade 54 is fastened to the frame 51 of the crusher by means of a cylindrical fastening element 11 explained in connection with Figs. 1 to 4. The fastening element is locked in its place between the frame 51 and the crushing blade 54 by locking means 40. In connection with the replacement of the outer crushing blade, only the suspension arm 56 of the top bearing is removed, and the blade is replaced from above.

The invention is especially well suited for crushing mills that presently apply two upper frames to accelerate the replacement of the outer crushing blade. Such mills are found, for example, in mines. By means of the invention, the replacement of the outer crushing blade is fast, wherein the purchase of a second upper frame is avoided.

The invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments presented as examples above, but the invention is intended to be applied widely within the scope of the inventive idea as defined in the appended claims. It is particularly advantageous to apply the fastening element in cone crushers.

The invention can also be applied in such a cone crusher in which the setting is adjusted hydraulically by shifting the supporting cone 8 in the axial direction.

Claims

1. A method for fastening the crushing blade of a crusher, which crusher comprises a frame (1 , 51), to which a first crushing blade (4, 54) is arranged to be fastened by means of at least one fastening element (11), characterized in that the first crushing blade (4, 54) is fastened to the frame (1 , 51) of the crusher by means of a fastening element (11) consisting of a single cylindrical piece divided into several sectors (31).

2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the first crushing blade (4, 54) is fastened to the frame (1 , 51) of the crusher by means of a fastening element (11), which fastening element (11) has been divided into several sectors (31) by forming a slit (32) between adjacent sectors (31) so that the adjacent sectors (31) are connected to each other.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first crushing blade (4, 54) is fastened to the frame (1 , 51) of the crusher by means of a fastening element (11), which fastening element (11) comprises an upper part (12) and a lower part (14), and that the slit (32) extends from the lower part (14) of the fastening element at least half-way of the height of the upper part (12).

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the adjacent sectors (31) are connected to each other at the upper part (12) of the fastening element.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the upper part (12) of the fastening element is formed thinner than the lower part (14) of the fastening element.

6. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the first crushing blade (4, 54) is fastened to the frame (1 , 51) of the crusher by means of a fastening element (11) fitted between the frame (1 , 51) and the first crushing blade (4, 54).

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the fastening element (11) is secured between the frame (1 , 51) of the crusher and the first crushing blade (4, 54) by means of at least one locking means (40).

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the locking means (40) comprise a first clamping wedge (22) and securing means (25, 27).

9. The method according to any of the preceding claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the fastening element (11) comprises a first fastening surface (18) and a second fastening surface (20), and that the first crushing blade (4, 54) is fastened to the frame (1 , 51 ) of the crusher so that the first fastening surface (18) of the fastening element (11) is placed against the inner surface (19) of the frame of the crusher, and the second fastening surface (20) of the fastening element (11) is placed against the outer surface (21) of the outer crushing blade.

10. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the fastening element (11 ) is secured to the frame (1 , 51) of the crusher by means of at least one third clamping wedge (34).

1 1. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the frame (1) of the crusher consists of an upper frame (2) and a lower frame (3), and that the first crushing blade (4) is fastened to the upper frame (2) of the crusher by means of at least one fastening element (11).

12. The method according to claim 1 or 11 , characterized in that the crusher is a cone crusher.

13. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that the frame (51) of the crusher consists of a lower frame (52), a feeder hopper (52), and the supporting arm (56) of a top bearing, and that the first crushing blade (54) is fastened to the lower frame (53) of the crusher by means of at least one fastening element (11).

14. The method according to claim 1 or 13, characterized in that the crusher is a gyratory crusher.

15. A crusher blade fastening element for fastening a first crusher blade (4, 54) to the frame (1 , 51) of a crusher, characterized in that the fastening element (11) consists of a single cylindrical piece divided into several sectors (31).

16. The fastening element according to claim 15, characterized in that the fastening element (11) has been divided into several sectors (31) by forming a slit (32) between adjacent sectors (31) so that the adjacent sectors (31) are connected to each other.

17. The fastening element according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the fastening element (11) comprises an upper part (12) and a lower part (14) and that the slit (32) extends from the lower part (14) of the fastening element at least half-way of the height of the upper part (12).

18. The fastening element according to claim 17, characterized in that the adjacent sectors (31) are connected to each other at the upper part (12) of the fastening element.

19. The fastening element according to claim M, characterized in that the upper part (12) of the fastening element has been formed thinner than the lower part (14) of the fastening element.

20. The fastening element according to claim 15, characterized in that the first crushing blade (4, 54) is arranged to be fastened to the frame (1 , 51) of the crusher by means of a fastening element (11) fitted between the frame (1 , 51) and the first crushing blade (4, 54).

21. The fastening element according to claim 20, characterized in that the fastening element (11) is arranged to be secured between the frame (1 , 51) of the crusher and the first crushing blade (4, 54) by means of at least one locking means (40).

22. The fastening element according to claim 21 , characterized in that the locking means (40) comprise a first clamping wedge (22) and securing means (25, 27).

23. The fastening element according to claim 15, characterized in that the fastening element (11) is arranged to be secured to the frame (1 , 51) of the crusher by means of at least one third clamping wedge (34).

24. The fastening element according to any of the preceding claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the fastening element (11 ) comprises a first fastening surface (18) and a second fastening surface (20), and that the first crushing blade (4, 54) is fastened to the frame (1 , 51) of the crusher so that the first fastening surface (18) of the fastening element (11) is placed against the inner surface (19) of the frame of the crusher, and the second fastening sur- face (20) of the fastening element (11) is placed against the outer surface (21 ) of the outer crushing blade.

25. The fastening element according to claim 15, characterized in that the frame (1 ) of the crusher consists of an upper frame (2) and a lower frame (3), and that the first crushing blade (4) has been fastened to the upper frame (2) of the crusher by means of at least one fastening element (11).

26. The fastening element according to claim 15 or 25, characterized in that the crusher is a cone crusher.

27. The fastening element according to claim 15, characterized in that the frame (51) of the crusher consists of a lower frame (52), a feeder hopper (52), and the supporting arm (56) of a top bearing, and that the first crushing blade (54) has been fastened to the lower frame (53) of the crusher by means of at least one fastening element (11).

28. The fastening element according to claim 15 or 27, characterized in that the crusher is a gyratory crusher.

29. A crusher having a frame (1 , 51) to which a first crushing blade (4, 54) has been fastened by means of at least one fastening element (11), the frame (1 , 51) surrounding at least partly a supporting cone (8, 58), to which a second crushing blade (9, 59) has been fastened, characterized in that the fastening element (11) consists of a single cylindrical piece divided into several sectors (31 ).

30. The crusher according to claim 29, characterized in that the fastening element (11) has been divided into several sectors (31) by forming a slit (32) between adjacent sectors (31).

31. The crusher according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that the fastening element (11) comprises an upper part (12) and a lower part (14) and that the slit (32) extends from the lower part (14) of the fastening element at least half-way of the height of the upper part (12).

32. The crusher according to claim 31 , characterized in that the adjacent sectors (31) are connected to each other at the upper part (12) of the fastening element.

33. The crusher according to claim 31 , characterized in that the upper part (12) of the fastening element has been formed thinner than the lower part

(14) of the fastening element.

34. The crusher according to claim 29, characterized in that the first crushing blade (4, 54) is arranged to be fastened to the frame (1 , 51) of the crusher by means of a fastening element (11 ) fitted between the frame (1 , 51) and the first crushing blade (4, 54).

35. The crusher according to claim 34, characterized in that the fastening element (11) is arranged to be secured between the frame (1 , 51) of the crusher and the first crushing blade (4, 54) by means of at least one locking means (40).

36. The crusher according to claim 35, characterized in that the locking means (40) comprise a first clamping wedge (22) and securing means (25, 27).

37. The crusher according to claim 29, characterized in that the fastening element (11) is arranged to be secured to the frame (1 , 51 ) of the crusher by means of at least one third clamping wedge (34).

38. The crusher according to any of the preceding claims 34 to 36, characterized in that the fastening element (11) comprises a first fastening surface (18) and a second fastening surface (20), and that the first crushing blade (4, 54) is arranged to be fastened to the frame (1 , 51) of the crusher so that the first fastenting surface (18) of the fastening element (11) is placed against the inner surface (19) of the frame of the crusher, and the second fastening surface (20) of the fastening element (11) is placed against the outer surface (21) of the outer crushing blade.

39. The crusher according to claim 29, characterized in that the frame (1) of the crusher consists of an upper frame (2) and a lower frame (3), and that the first crushing blade (4) has been fastened to the upper frame (2) of the crusher by means of at least one fastening element (11).

40. The crusher according to claim 29 or 39, characterized in that the crusher is a cone crusher.

41. The crusher according to claim 29, characterized in that the frame (51) of the crusher consists of a lower frame (52), a feeder hopper (52), and the supporting arm (56) of a top bearing, and that the first crushing blade (54) has been fastened to the lower frame (53) of the crusher by means of at least one fastening element (11).

42. The crusher according to claim 29 or 41 , characterized in that the crusher is a gyratory crusher.

43. The use of a fastening element (11) formed of a single cylindrical piece, which piece has been divided into several sectors (31), for fastening the outer crusher blade (4, 54) of a crusher to the frame (1 , 51) of the crusher.