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WO2008138976A1 - Procédé et système d'imagerie d'objets - Google Patents

Procédé et système d'imagerie d'objets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008138976A1
WO2008138976A1 PCT/EP2008/055999 EP2008055999W WO2008138976A1 WO 2008138976 A1 WO2008138976 A1 WO 2008138976A1 EP 2008055999 W EP2008055999 W EP 2008055999W WO 2008138976 A1 WO2008138976 A1 WO 2008138976A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiation
stimulation
frequency
detection
detected
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/EP2008/055999
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German (de)
English (en)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Friedrich Alexander Universitaet Erlangen Nuernberg
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Friedrich Alexander Universitaet Erlangen Nuernberg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by Friedrich Alexander Universitaet Erlangen Nuernberg filed Critical Friedrich Alexander Universitaet Erlangen Nuernberg
Publication of WO2008138976A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008138976A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
    • G01N21/6456—Spatial resolved fluorescence measurements; Imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/65—Raman scattering

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an imaging method for imaging an object and in particular a surface or a near-surface region of the object by stimulating the surface with electromagnetic radiation and a system for carrying out this method.
  • thermography Methods and apparatus for displaying surfaces of objects are known.
  • the object to be examined or the object surface to be examined is excited by means of electromagnetic radiation or ultrasound and the heat radiation emitted by the object surface due to this excitation is detected with a thermographic camera (see, for example, A. Dillenz and G. Busse, "Non-contact detection of laminate damage using Lockin thermography", http://www.zfp.uni-stuttgart.de/downloads/kk99.pdf)
  • the thermography camera used to record the thermal radiation emitted by the object is an infrared Camera which images the area of the object surface to be examined The achievable resolution is limited by the camera used or the imaging optics used.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a new method and system for imaging object surfaces.
  • the invention is intended to allow the imaging of a surface cost-effectively with a high resolution.
  • the invention is based on the basic idea of generating or stimulating a predetermined area of the object surface locally by means of coded stimulation radiation in order to generate images of near-surface object properties and to detect or detect the object radiation emitted by the object in a cooperative manner.
  • Radiation of a frequency which differs from the frequency of the stimulation radiation is preferably detected here.
  • the detected radiation includes the radiation caused by the stimulation.
  • the radiation caused by the stimulation is to be understood as radiation that can be generated, changed or even influenced by the stimulation radiation.
  • the radiation caused by the stimulation can be filtered out of the detected radiation.
  • the stimulation radiation can be coded by amplitude or frequency modulation and the detection can be synchronized with this coding or modulation.
  • a region of the object surface is stimulated which is smaller than the detection region, which defines from which region the object radiation is detected.
  • the detection area may also be the same size as the area of local stimulation or even larger.
  • a very small area of the object surface is stimulated by a laser beam, for example, and radiation emitted by essentially the entire object surface is detected.
  • Such a local stimulation can be achieved by the cooperative detection accurate location information of the radiation generated by the stimulation and thus increase the resolution of the imaging. If different areas of the object surface are successively excited by the local stimulation, an image of the entire object surface can be generated by scanning the object surface.
  • the detection device covers only a part of the object surface to be examined, the detection device is moved along accordingly.
  • the scanning of the object surface can be done by successively stimulating defined areas (pixels) of the surface. These areas can, for example, be traversed in rows, columns or meanders to cover the entire surface to be examined. In order to avoid a possible influence of adjacent pixels, the surface can also be scanned in a jump method.
  • the excitation and corresponding detection can be done using thermal effects.
  • the Object surface are locally heated by a laser beam and the heat radiation emitted due to this heating can be detected.
  • laser radiation in the visible or infrared range is preferably used.
  • the detection is preferably carried out in the microwave range.
  • the utilization of fluorescence or scattering effects is also possible in which the frequency of the fluorescence radiation differs from the frequency of the excitation radiation. Exemplary of this are two-photon fluorescence effects, wherein the excitation is carried out by the simultaneous absorption of two photons, or the Raman effect.
  • particle beams for example electron beams or ion beams, can be used in particular for stimulating the object surface.
  • stimulation devices can be used simultaneously or in parallel in order to be able to carry out the method more quickly.
  • the different stimulation beams are coded differently.
  • an examination of the object surface can take place, ie the immediate object surface but also areas near the surface.
  • the thermal excitation of the object surface the heat is introduced by thermal conduction in deeper layers of the object surface. These areas also contribute to the generation of the observed thermal radiation.
  • the present invention allows a representation of a surface area of an object to be examined. Due to the local stimulation of an object surface area, location information can be obtained from the globally or globally observed radiation without having to use imaging optics for the observation.
  • the coding of the stimulation radiation and the cooperative detection can furthermore provide temporal information which can be used to filter out the background radiation which is not caused by the local stimulation and thus to obtain information about the radiation actually generated by the stimulation and to use for imaging.
  • a system for imaging comprising means for locally stimulating an object surface area by means of coded stimulation radiation and means for cooperatively detecting object radiation emanating from the object, comprising radiation caused by the stimulation.
  • System according to aspect 1, 2 or 3, further comprising a control device which is adapted to coordinate the detection with the stimulation, wherein the coordination is preferably carried out using and / or controlling the coding of the stimulation radiation.
  • control device is designed to filter from the detected radiation caused by the stimulation radiation, preferably by using and / or controlling the coding of the stimulation radiation.
  • control means is adapted to generate based on the stimulation caused by the radiation image information, preferably for display on a display of the stimulated area.
  • means for local stimulation is adapted to stimulate successively different, defined areas.
  • control device is designed to generate image information of the different stimulated regions on the basis of the detected radiation caused by the stimulation of different defined stimulated regions and to generate an image of an object surface section from this image information.
  • the stimulation device is designed to generate amplitude and / or frequency modulated stimulation beams.
  • the stimulation device is designed to generate electromagnetic radiation in the visible and / or infrared range and / or wherein the detection device is adapted to detect electromagnetic radiation of a frequency, preferably in the microwave range, the deeper is, as the frequency of the stimulation radiation.
  • the stimulation means is adapted to fluorescence in the observed To generate object
  • the detection device is adapted to detect the fluorescence radiation
  • the detection device is designed to detect scattered radiation on the object surface, for example due to the Raman effect.
  • a method of imaging an object comprising the steps of: locally stimulating a surface area of the object with coded stimulation radiation; cooperatively detecting the object radiation emanating from a detection region of the object, comprising radiation caused by the stimulation; and
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically the area of local stimulation and the detection area according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically a system according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows (a) a measurement object and (b) the representation of this measurement object obtained by a method according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4 (a) and (b) show another measured object and the corresponding one
  • an image is generated by means of a system in which the re-emission of electromagnetic waves is used.
  • Images of the distribution of near-surface object properties are obtained by stimulation of the object surface by means of locally introduced modulated electromagnetic radiation, for example by a laser oscillator, and subsequent time-variable change of the local macro-object properties, such as temperature, emissivity, heat flow or local microproperties, such as quantum states of surface molecules.
  • modulated electromagnetic radiation for example by a laser oscillator
  • time-variable change of the local macro-object properties such as temperature, emissivity, heat flow or local microproperties, such as quantum states of surface molecules.
  • Sources of re-emission of electromagnetic waves may be thermal effects resulting from the heating of the object, and / or fluorescence or scattering effects, such as the Raman effect, that result from excitation of the object material.
  • the frequency of the stimulation radiation differs from the detected radiation.
  • independent optimization of the stimulation and selection of the detection radiation is possible depending on the effects stimulated by the stimulation. For example, a low operating frequency makes it possible to reduce the costs for the detection device.
  • a modulated stimulation and a synchronized detection a high geometric resolution can be achieved, in which only the stimulator is focused.
  • the receiver is not focused or not continuously. Also, an increase in dynamic amplification is possible.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the region A Lss & the local stimulation of an object surface, for example by irradiation of a laser and the larger area Ao of the detection according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the size of the laser beam-stimulated area A L aser of the surface is significantly smaller in this embodiment than the area Ao observed by the detection means. Due to the small size of the excited region A LaS he high geometric resolution can be achieved.
  • the expected power of the re-radiated signal in the case of the use of thermal effects assuming blackbody radiation, can be estimated as follows, but this estimate is not suitable for exploiting a fluorescence effect or Raman effect and the dynamic expansion measures shown are not direct either transferable to these are:
  • B is the bandwidth of the receiver
  • k is the bolt constant
  • To is the ambient temperature
  • ⁇ T is the temperature rise due to the stimulation.
  • the ambient noise power PA, ENV can in turn be estimated using the following formula:
  • the stimulated area Ai_a S e r can be increased, which leads to a higher signal level, but also to a lower geometric resolution.
  • it is possible to downsize the observed area Ao which in turn increases the radiated signal, but has the disadvantage that the object to be observed or the detection device has to be moved in order to be able to observe a larger area.
  • improved system components may also be used, such as an improved mixer in the mmW radiometer, low noise IF amplifiers, or by amplifying the RF signal before conversion.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows a system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the local stimulation of the object surface 1 takes place by means of a stimulation device 2, which has a laser 21.
  • the beam generated by the laser device 21 is coded, for example amplitude-modulated, which in the simplest case represents an on-off sequence that can be generated, for example, by an aperture wheel. However, other amplitude or frequency modulations are possible.
  • a mirror pivoting device 22 the surface 1 of the object to be examined is scanned in succession, cell by cell, for example from cell ai via cell a ⁇ ⁇ to cell a n .
  • the control of the modulation and the pivoting device 22 is effected by a central control 4, for example a computer.
  • the central controller 4 is thus aware of the location of the instantaneous stimulation on the object surface 1.
  • the radiation emitted by the entire object surface 1 is detected, for example radiation in the microwave range.
  • This detected radiation also includes the radiation resulting from a change in surface property in the locally stimulated surface portion caused by the stimulation radiation. If, for example, the stimulated surface area is stimulated by the stimulation beam heated, heat radiation is generated in this surface area and this can be detected by the detection device 3. The change in the surface property caused by the stimulation thus manifests itself in a correspondingly altered emission of electromagnetic radiation, which can then be detected by the detection device 3. A corresponding signal is then forwarded by the detection device 3 to the central controller 4.
  • This signal can be processed by the controller 4 and thus on a display unit 5, for example a computer screen, an image of the surface property can be generated by dividing it from the individual picture elements b k in lines 1 to m and columns 1 to n to the end Image element b e is built.
  • the stimulation beam is successively swiveled over the entire object surface from cell ai to a e , for example with a mirror scanner, and at the same time the image is built cell by cell.
  • the receiver recognizes the correct object surface cell at the identifier introduced there by the modulation of the stimulator, according to the principle of a coded cell, while at the same time all other areas of the surface which are not stimulated emit only background noise.
  • the receiver can be equipped with a special filter for the modulation frequency, for example a synchronous detector or an FFT filter, which can be realized by software.
  • the image generation can be accelerated by simultaneously scanning a plurality of stimulation beams of the same carrier frequency on different, for example parallel tracks and with different modulation frequencies, the receiver simultaneously recognizing the different modulation signals and their statements being displayed in parallel.
  • images of different surface properties can be produced simultaneously by scanning several stimulation beams of different carrier frequencies, which correspond to the sought-after properties, with their own modulation code, and the receiver selectively scans the surface Receives carrier frequencies at the same time, recognizes the modulation and representing the carrier frequencies corresponding statements on one or different screens simultaneously.
  • a stimulator e.g. from a laser
  • a mirror swivel device scanner
  • the location of the instantaneous stimulation on the object surface is known in the central control.
  • a change in the surface property e.g. caused by the temperature, which manifests itself in a correspondingly altered emission of electromagnetic radiation
  • this radiation can be picked up by a matching receiver, which passes on its signal to the central control.
  • a presentation unit e.g. a computer screen
  • an image of the surface property can then be generated, which is built from the individual picture elements.
  • the stimulation device 2 and / or the detection device 3 are thus connected to one another via the central control device and are controlled by the latter. This allows a coordinated and coordinated control of stimulation site, coding of the stimulation and / or detection and thus preferably allows an improved representation of the object or the object surface.
  • Fig. 3 (a) exemplifies a measurement object whose surface is to be imaged by the method according to the present invention.
  • the object is a
  • Fig. 3 (b) shows the image of the aluminum sheet taken with a system according to Fig. 2.
  • the detection signal measured and processed during the stimulation of the individual object areas is color-coded.
  • the receiver device 32 has various filter and synchronization devices for coded detection.
  • the coding for example, by simply switching on, allows to detect radiation only at the times in which the stimulation takes place.
  • the coordination of the detection with the coded stimulation can also be carried out by the central control itself, for example by the fact that although continuously measured by the detection device 3, this continuous measurement is compared with the coded radiation in the central control, and so the required temporal Resolution takes place.
  • Lighting eg by the sun, headlights, etc.
  • the simultaneous detection of the light portions reflected from the illumination beam consists, inter alia, in that this classical method only provides information about the reflectivity of the surface at the illumination frequency (color ) and requires a complex imaging recording optics, which may contains temporally parallel signal processing (e.g., retina of the eye and brain) and thus can be fast.
  • temporally parallel signal processing e.g., retina of the eye and brain
  • the method of the present invention which may also be referred to as STIREEM (Stimulated Re-Emission), on the other hand, works serially and, because of the cooperation between the stimulation location and the pixel location on the presentation unit, does not require imaging optics which may be tracked Optics must be designed and can be costly. Detecting properties of an object near the surface, not just directly on or on but also in areas below the surface, for example to a depth of a few millimeters, allows insights that are not possible with classical methods (only "passive" reflection).
  • the STIREEM method according to the present invention provides a geometric resolution that is not limited by the frequency of the excitation system or the apparatus of the antenna.
  • the "illumination" of the sample can be achieved by stimulating the sample at a relatively high frequency, for example with a laser
  • the receiving device operating, for example, in the microwave range, detects the signal radiated back from the object surface
  • the stimulation beam is passed over the sample surface, thereby "activating" the molecules in the region of the laser spot.
  • re-emission by the molecules takes place at a certain frequency or in a frequency range. If the receiver is set to this frequency or a frequency from the frequency range, a signal can be measured.
  • the lateral resolution here depends only on the size of the stimulation area. If a CO 2 laser with a frequency of approximately 30 THz, corresponding to a wavelength of 10.6 ⁇ m, is used for the stimulation, the size of the laser spot is approximately 10 -8 m 2 Even if the measuring range is several orders of magnitude greater, such as For example, with a measurement range of 10 "2 m 2 for a receive antenna system operating at a frequency of 30 GHz, corresponding to a wavelength of 1 cm, with an aperture of 0.1 m and a measurement distance of 1 m, a resolution improvement by a factor of 10 6 possible.
  • the assignment of the observed pixel to the image pixel is achieved by a central controller.
  • the scan angle of the stimulation beam at a particular time is used to calculate the image pixel position, which is then associated with the receive signal at that time at the receive frequency.
  • the stimulation time at the pixel on the sample depends on the effect used for the re-emission and the imaging application.
  • the stimulation beam can be modulated, for example, by an aperture wheel or an optical chopper.
  • the synchronization of a lock-in amplifier with the modulation frequency leads to a received signal that contains only information about the stimulation area and no longer covers the entire detection area.
  • the lock-in technique can provide a good signal-to-noise ratio for the imaging system.
  • Solid bodies or structures with solid / liquid boundaries that have different locations in the surface heat storage or thermal conductivity can be observed radiometrically with the STIREEM method, even if in conventional observation by reflection on a (uniform) reflective Area no details are recognizable.
  • This may in particular be the case when the observation-facing side of a body has been coated by protective films (e.g., oxides, varnishes, plastic layers). Due to the different heat dissipation from the energy supplied by the stimulation beam into the body background, a different background behind a protective or camouflage film can be detected. This can be particularly important in manufacturing controls, if a part of the protective film has detached itself from the body. Also, delamination of an intermediate layer in multilayer material can be detected and displayed. Furthermore, with the method according to the invention, blind holes can be recognized from the rear side on the visually uniform surface, as described with reference to FIG. 3 above.
  • Frequency-shifting effects can be: linear or non-linear (2-photon) fluorescence and the Raman effect with its STOKES and anti-STOKES lines in molecules. Both effects have been used for a long time in the detection of pollutants or substances in the gaseous atmosphere and in Waters (environmental diagnostics) as well as for several years in cell diagnostics with special microscopes in biology and medicine.
  • the invention can be used in the observation of "technical” surfaces, such as bio-chips coated with organic material, or in biological / chemical weapons, such as bacteria in envelopes or
  • the properties of the laser beam allow the application of the STIREEM principle to longer distance targets.
  • This type of remote sensing can be used for security-related and military tasks. These include material analysis over long distances, detection of cavities under surfaces as well as all above-mentioned tasks.
  • One measure of the resolution is the distance ⁇ x from two points that are barely distinguishable from each other.
  • the stimulation beam is coded, in the simplest case amplitude-modulated.
  • the scan speed depends on this modulation process. In general, the faster it can be modulated, the faster the beam angle may be changed.
  • the image structure in the rendering unit is just as fast: If the mechanisms of the re-emission are much faster, eg when using the Raman effect or also with the linear fluorescence, the object scan and thus the image composition can also be done The mirror swivel mechanism of the scanner and the signal processing electronics in this case do not give the limits.
  • all generators can be used to produce monochromatic, coherent "light”: from lasers in the UV region to FIR / THz lasers, provided they have a sufficient amplitude with sufficient stability over time
  • the stimulation frequency f s is dependent on the effect which one wishes to use, in particular also on the absorption coefficient at f s on the respective surface
  • the frequency position of the re-emission receiver depends on the effect used. For radiometric reception in the case of heat change effects, the entire microwave range available on the device can be used. In experiments, for example, a 150 GHz receiver with about 1 GHz bandwidth was used.
  • FIG. 4 (a) shows a wood block in which Teflon, cardboard and ceramic are embedded in certain places.
  • Fig. 4 (b) shows a wood block in which Teflon, cardboard and ceramic are embedded in certain places.
  • the presence of these different substances within the wood block can be detected.
  • the method of the present invention is thus based in particular on local coded stimulation, reception preferably at a different wavelength for exploiting thermal or nonthermal near-surface effects, recognition of the image signal from the coding and instantaneous location of the stimulation and high-resolution representation of object features that do not or with conventional imaging methods can not be won so high.
  • the imaging device thus operates according to the STIREEM principle, ie local stimulation of the object surface with a coded radiation, eg the frequency fs and image generation from the cooperative reception of radiation preferably at a different frequency f R ee due to re-emission of the stimulated surface Detection of material and geometry differences in the object surface.
  • a coded radiation eg the frequency fs and image generation from the cooperative reception of radiation preferably at a different frequency f R ee due to re-emission of the stimulated surface Detection of material and geometry differences in the object surface.
  • the frequency fsa of the stimulating radiation may be in the spectral range between ultraviolet and far-infrared, and the frequency f Ree of the re-emitted radiation may be lower frequency than f sti dominant broadband in the spectral range of the microwaves.
  • a specific frequency fsti can be selectively absorbed by a part of the surface, thereby stimulating f Ree as fluorescence radiation, whereby the kind of substance of this surface part becomes recognizable.
  • parts of the surface can be stimulated by the Raman effect f Rec as STOKES or anti-STOKES lines for re-emission, whereby these parts are recognizable in their material type.
  • a cover layer which is transparent to f S t and f R e , which hinders normal visual transparency, but nevertheless allows STIREEM imaging.
  • the stimulating radiation can not be electromagnetic type, but consist of particles with non-zero rest mass (Korpuskeln), the object may be in a vacuum, the re-emitted electromagnetic radiation but also outside the vacuum vessel can be received.
  • stimulating beams with their own coding (modulation) and / or their own frequency fst j can scan the surface of the object at different locations and enable a faster image buildup by cooperatively receiving the re-emitting radiation generated simultaneously by the various points.
  • the frequencies f R ee of the re-emitted radiation may be higher harmonics (n- ⁇ ) of the stimulation frequency fsti.
  • the device can be used in laser material processing or laser tissue processing in manufacturing technology or medicine.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un système d'imagerie d'objets. Une aire spécifique de l'objet est stimulée localement par un rayonnement de stimulation codé, et le rayonnement émanant de l'objet est détecté de manière coopérante par une zone de détection de l'objet. Le rayonnement de l'objet comprend le rayonnement généré par la stimulation. L'aire spécifique est représentée sur la base du rayonnement de l'objet détecté. De préférence, le rayonnement de l'objet est détecté par une fréquence qui diffère de la fréquence du rayonnement de stimulation. L'aire spécifique stimulée localement est en outre, de préférence, inférieure ou égale à la zone de détection.
PCT/EP2008/055999 2007-05-15 2008-05-15 Procédé et système d'imagerie d'objets Ceased WO2008138976A1 (fr)

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DE102007022817 2007-05-15
DE102007022817.3 2007-05-15

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010060563A1 (de) * 2010-11-15 2012-05-16 Technische Universität Dresden Verfahren zur spektroskopischen Bestimmung der Konzentration von Inhaltsstoffen in Papieren oder Folien und Probenhalter zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3037983A1 (de) * 1980-10-08 1982-04-22 Fa. Carl Zeiss, 7920 Heidenheim Verfahren und vorrichtung zur lichtinduzierten rastermikroskopischen darstellung von probenparametern in ihrer raeumlichen verteilung
US4877965A (en) * 1985-07-01 1989-10-31 Diatron Corporation Fluorometer
WO1993022655A1 (fr) * 1992-04-24 1993-11-11 Thiokol Corporation Systeme et procede de balayage de surface au moyen d'un filtre acousto-optique accordable
US5294799A (en) * 1993-02-01 1994-03-15 Aslund Nils R D Apparatus for quantitative imaging of multiple fluorophores
WO2003036271A2 (fr) * 2001-10-23 2003-05-01 Stora Enso North America Corp. Identification par spectrographie raman des corps etrangers inclus dans la pate a papier et le papier
DE20307617U1 (de) * 2003-05-16 2003-08-28 Stonewood Entwicklungs- und Verwertungsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 01277 Dresden Getränkekombination zur Analyse der Realstruktur von Festkörpern

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3037983A1 (de) * 1980-10-08 1982-04-22 Fa. Carl Zeiss, 7920 Heidenheim Verfahren und vorrichtung zur lichtinduzierten rastermikroskopischen darstellung von probenparametern in ihrer raeumlichen verteilung
US4877965A (en) * 1985-07-01 1989-10-31 Diatron Corporation Fluorometer
WO1993022655A1 (fr) * 1992-04-24 1993-11-11 Thiokol Corporation Systeme et procede de balayage de surface au moyen d'un filtre acousto-optique accordable
US5294799A (en) * 1993-02-01 1994-03-15 Aslund Nils R D Apparatus for quantitative imaging of multiple fluorophores
WO2003036271A2 (fr) * 2001-10-23 2003-05-01 Stora Enso North America Corp. Identification par spectrographie raman des corps etrangers inclus dans la pate a papier et le papier
DE20307617U1 (de) * 2003-05-16 2003-08-28 Stonewood Entwicklungs- und Verwertungsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 01277 Dresden Getränkekombination zur Analyse der Realstruktur von Festkörpern

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010060563A1 (de) * 2010-11-15 2012-05-16 Technische Universität Dresden Verfahren zur spektroskopischen Bestimmung der Konzentration von Inhaltsstoffen in Papieren oder Folien und Probenhalter zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

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