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WO2008131363A1 - Actionneur électromagnétique pour des opérations multiples - Google Patents

Actionneur électromagnétique pour des opérations multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008131363A1
WO2008131363A1 PCT/US2008/061066 US2008061066W WO2008131363A1 WO 2008131363 A1 WO2008131363 A1 WO 2008131363A1 US 2008061066 W US2008061066 W US 2008061066W WO 2008131363 A1 WO2008131363 A1 WO 2008131363A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
forming
forming unit
cavity
work piece
medial gap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2008/061066
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Glenn S. Daehn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ohio State University
Original Assignee
Ohio State University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ohio State University filed Critical Ohio State University
Publication of WO2008131363A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008131363A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/14—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces applying magnetic forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67B—APPLYING CLOSURE MEMBERS TO BOTTLES JARS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; OPENING CLOSED CONTAINERS
    • B67B3/00—Closing bottles, jars or similar containers by applying caps
    • B67B3/02—Closing bottles, jars or similar containers by applying caps by applying flanged caps, e.g. crown caps, and securing by deformation of flanges
    • B67B3/10—Capping heads for securing caps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/20—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets without armatures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electromagnetic actuators. More particularly, to electromagnetic actuators used for metal forming.
  • the present electromagnetic actuators available offer limited throughput and efficiency.
  • the present invention addresses these limitations and produces a higher output of operations while offering improved efficiency through the use of multiple electromagnetic actuators in series.
  • actuators often have a similar inductance in the capacitor bank as is found in the actuator itself, or alternatively, the actuator may have significantly lower inductance. This produces a relatively low efficiency system.
  • the electromagnetic actuator described herein overcomes lower efficiency by providing that the majority of the system inductance is in the work actuator.
  • a step-down transformer may be used in the work actuator to increase the current at the work actuator.
  • Another way to increase the inductance in the work actuator is by increasing the number of forming spaces in the actuator. Not only will this increase the inductance in the work actuator, but it will also decrease the discharge energy per operation.
  • the discharge current is effectively fixed because bank inductance is much larger than the actuator inductance. In such cases, the same discharge energy may be used to form a small or large number of work pieces using nearly the same discharge currents and characteristics.
  • the electromagnetic actuator described herein provides a large reduction in the energy per operation.
  • electromagnetic actuator such as pharmaceutical bottles for injectable compounds.
  • bottle cap crimping such as pharmaceutical bottles for injectable compounds.
  • electromagnetic forming has an advantage over traditional mechanical crimping. As the forming unit makes no contact with the work piece, there is little particulate generated during the process; as opposed to traditional mechanical crimping. This allows the capping operation to take place in the aseptic area of the packaging plant thereby resulting in a cost reduction.
  • the wrinkling limits of the work piece may be extended by using high velocity techniques as opposed to the wrinkling limits found in traditional mechanical crimping of the same material.
  • the electromagnetic equipment may be cheaper and simpler to operate than traditional mechanical crimpers.
  • crimping 600 units per minute is a goal.
  • no present day capacitor bank system operates at greater than one operation every second or 60 units per minute.
  • the electromagnetic actuator described herein overcomes this limitation and achieves the stated goal of crimping 600 units per minute.
  • Current low inductance capacitor banks in combination with the invention described herein require energies of less than about 500 Joules to form a series of 10 caps.
  • Exemplary embodiments of the apparatus for electromagnetically forming a work piece may include: a forming assembly and a current discharge circuitry.
  • the forming assembly may comprise a forming unit having forming cavities arranged in series. Each forming cavity is adapted to accommodate a work piece of a particular geometry. In some instances this is accomplished by sizing the forming cavity slightly larger than the object.
  • the forming unit may also have a medial gap extending from one end of the forming unit to a distal forming cavity. The medial gap intersects the forming cavities. An electrical insulator may be positioned in the medial gap. To maintain efficiency, the resistance and inductance of the area between the forming cavities may be lower than that found in the forming cavities.
  • the apparatus for electromagnetically forming a work piece may include: a forming assembly and a current discharge circuitry.
  • the forming assembly comprises a forming unit having a forming cavities arranged in series. Each forming cavity may be adapted to accommodate a work piece of a particular geometry.
  • the forming unit may have a medial gap separating the first and second portions of the forming unit that extends from one end of the forming unit to the other end. The first and second portions are in electrical communication with one another.
  • An electrical insulator may be positioned in the medial gap. To maintain efficiency, the resistance and inductance of the area between the forming cavities may be lower than that found in the forming cavities.
  • the apparatus for electromagnetically forming a work piece may include: a forming assembly and a current discharge circuitry.
  • the forming assembly comprises a forming unit having forming cavities arranged in series. Each forming cavity may be adapted to accommodate a work piece of a particular geometry.
  • the forming unit may comprise a first and second field shaper.
  • a primary coil may be located between the first and second field shaper, and have greater number of turns than the first and second field shapers.
  • An electrical insulation material may be placed between the first and second field shapers, the forming unit, and the primary coil.
  • the electromagnetic actuator described herein may have tapered edges in the forming spaces to increase current density (and therefore pressure) where it is most needed on the work piece.
  • the forming cavity may take any shape, and the forming cavity largely mirrors the shape of the object to be crimped.
  • the forming unit may open to allow cap insertion and removal. This may be done either by elastic displacement of the coil or by an electrical contact region that is broken and reconnected with the other end of the coil possessing a hinge. Significant pressure may be needed to maintain such connections for current flow if an openable circuit is used.
  • a transformer may be used to increase efficiency.
  • a transformer may be interposed between the capacitor bank output and the work coil that increases the current at the driven end.
  • a separate transformer is utilized.
  • the work end of the coil is used as a field shaper in a multi-turn coil. It should also be noted that the series arrangement may also be applied to expansion and other forming operations.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a forming unit
  • Figure 2 is a top perspective view of a forming unit.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a forming cavity illustrating a means for increasing the current density.
  • Figure 4 is a top perspective view of forming unit having a first and second portion.
  • Figure 5 is a top perspective view of a forming unit surrounded by a primary coil.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of two halves of a forming unit having a primary coil interposed between a first field shaper and a second field shaper.
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of an assembled forming unit having a primary coil interposed between a first and second field shaper.
  • Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment for use in expansion and sheet metal forming operations connected in series.
  • FIGS 1 and 2 illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a forming assembly 10.
  • the forming assembly comprises a forming unit 12 defining a plurality of separately spaced forming cavities 14 and a plurality of bores 16.
  • the forming unit 12 may be constructed from a high strength and high conductivity material such as copper beryllium or other suitable conductive material.
  • the plurality of bores 16 serving as attachment point, wherein the forming unit 12 may be fixed to a nonconductive support to decrease deformation of the forming unit 12. Further, the forming unit may have a first end and second end.
  • a current discharge circuitry 80 in electrical communication with the forming assembly.
  • the first end of the forming unit 12 may have contact portions to receive current from the current discharge circuitry.
  • the plurality of forming cavities 14 may be separately spaced and arranged in series. Each forming cavity 14 may be adapted to accommodate a work piece of a particular geometry. If the work pieces have a rectangular shape the plurality of forming cavities 14 may also have a rectangular design. Likewise, if the work pieces have a circular design, the plurality of forming cavities 14 may also have a circular design. Similarly, the forming cavities 14 may mirror nearly any work piece shape.
  • the forming unit may also have a medial gap 18 extending from a first end of the forming unit 12 and intersecting each forming cavity 14.
  • the medial gap 18 may terminate at the distal forming cavity 14.
  • An electrical insulator (not shown in the Figures) may also be positioned in the medial gap 18.
  • the medial gap 18 may be about 2 to 3 times the width of the current path in the forming unit.
  • the medial gap 18 may be about 500 microns to 10 millimeters.
  • the portions of the medial gap 18 located between the forming cavities 14 may have a lower electrical resistance and inductance than those found in the forming cavities 14. This decreased resistance and inductance may be maintained by adjusting the width and shape of the medial gap 18.
  • an insulating material may cover the entire forming unit 12.
  • the plurality of forming cavities 14 may also be adapted to increase the local current density; thus increasing the electromagnetic field in said forming cavities 14.
  • the local current density is increased in the forming cavities 14 by decreasing the current path in the forming cavities 14.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a forming cavity 14 adapted to increase current density.
  • the interior surface of the forming cavity 14 has been shaped so as to decrease the current path.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a forming cavity 14 having a beveled interior surface 30 which decreases the width of the inner most surface of the forming cavity 14.
  • the beveled interior surface 30 may have an angle ⁇ . In some embodiments ⁇ is approximately 135°.
  • ⁇ is approximately 135°.
  • the interior surface of the forming cavities 14 may not be beveled but straight, curved, or any other shape suitable to increase current density. In this manner, the interior surface of the forming cavities 14 may be adapted to best suit the work piece.
  • a conductive insert (not shown in the
  • the conductive insert may be adapted to increase the current density in the same manner as described above.
  • the conductive insert may be removably attached to the interior surface of the forming cavity 14.
  • the conductive insert may be constructed from a material having differing electrical properties than the forming unit so as to increase current density.
  • the medial gap 18 may extend from the first end of the forming unit 12 and terminate at a second end of the forming unit 12, so as to define first portion 40 and second portion 42 of the forming unit 12.
  • An electrically conductive connection 44 may be disposed at the second end of the forming unit 12.
  • the electrically conductive connection 44 is in electrical communication with the first and second portion 40 and 42 of the forming unit 12, so as to maintain the flow of current.
  • the electrically conductive connection 44 allows the first and second portions 40 and 42 to move relative to one another. This movement allows the forming unit 12 to open to receive new work pieces and/or to release finished work pieces. By allowing the forming unit 12 to open to receive work pieces, the gap between the work piece and the forming unit 12 may be reduced during operation. The reduction of this gap increases the efficiency of the forming assembly 10.
  • the electrically conductive connection 44 may be a hinge or other suitable conductive connection allowing movement of the first and second portions 40 and 42.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a multi-turn coil 50 positioned around the outside of the forming assembly 10.
  • the multi-turn coil 50 may act as a transformer.
  • the leads from the current discharge circuitry 80 may be connected directly to the multi- turn coil 50 instead of being connected directly to the forming unit 12 as described above. This may increase the efficiency of the forming assembly 10.
  • Figure 6 illustrates another exemplary embodiment having a first field shaper 60, a second field shaper 62, and a primary coil 64 interposed between the first and second field shaper 60 and 62. Although shown in a circular configuration, the first and second field shapers 60 and 62 may be linear or any other suitable shape.
  • the leads from a current discharge circuitry (shown in Figure 8) may be connected directly to the primary coil 64. The number of turns in the primary coil 64 may be greater than the number of turns in the first and second field shapers 60 and 62.
  • the first and second field shapers 60 and 62 each define a portion of a forming cavity 14. After the first and second field shapers 60 and 62 are brought into complimentary communication 80 forming a first actuator 72 (shown in Figure 7), a complete forming cavity 14 is formed. Although shown having a single forming cavity 14, other exemplary embodiments may have a plurality of forming cavities 14 arranged in a series. A plurality of forming cavities may provide greater efficiency on an energy-per-work piece basis and also provide greater throughput. [0034] Referring now to Figure 7, the first and second field shapers 60 and 62 are placed in complimentary communication. The primary coil 64 may be used to induce a current on both the first and second field shapers 60 and 62.
  • This transformer effect may provide greater efficiency in the forming process.
  • Another advantage of this exemplary embodiment is that the current paths in the first field shaper 60 and the current in the second field shaper 62 may be equal. The ability to have substantially similar current paths through the first and second field shapers 60 and 62 may ensure a more uniform crimping or forming of the work piece.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary embodiment that may be used with the multiple expansion and sheet metal forming operations.
  • a current discharge circuitry 80 may be in electrical communication with a series of forming units 82, wherein the connections between the forming units 82 may have low inductance relative to the forming units 82.
  • the current discharge circuitry 82 may be a capacitor bank comprising at least one capacitor 84, an inductor 86, and a resistor
  • the forming units 82 may be expansion coils.
  • the series of expansion coils may be inserted into a series of tubes or cans to expand them.
  • the local current density is adjusted to induce the desired local pressure to produce the desired expansion.
  • Exemplary embodiments or the expansion coils may have a circular shape or any other suitable shape dictated by the work piece.
  • the forming units 82 may be constructed of copper wire or cut copper plate embedded in a non-conductive medium.
  • the medium may be G-10, cast urethane, epoxy, or other suitable non-conductive material. More particularly, the forming unit 82 may be constructed using interlocking pieces of G-10 and copper utilizing waterjet cutting.
  • Forming units 82 constructed in this manner may be robust and used for a number of applications including, but not limited to: cutting, flanging, hemming, bulging, and embossing along a line.
  • a local transformer (not shown in Figure 8) may be used to improve the process efficiency, as described above.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil pour former électromagnétiquement une pièce à usiner, dans lequel l'appareil a un ensemble de formage et une source de courant. L'ensemble de formage comprend une unité de formage ayant une pluralité de cavités de formage, agencées en série, adaptées pour recevoir une pièce à usiner. Un espace médian s'étend à travers l'unité de formage en recoupant chacune des cavités de formage et en se terminant au niveau d'une des cavités de formage. La résistance et l'inductance dans les cavités de formage sont plus grandes que celles des connexions entre chaque cavité de formage.
PCT/US2008/061066 2007-04-19 2008-04-21 Actionneur électromagnétique pour des opérations multiples Ceased WO2008131363A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US91280107P 2007-04-19 2007-04-19
US60/912,801 2007-04-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008131363A1 true WO2008131363A1 (fr) 2008-10-30

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ID=39875957

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2008/061066 Ceased WO2008131363A1 (fr) 2007-04-19 2008-04-21 Actionneur électromagnétique pour des opérations multiples

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WO (1) WO2008131363A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4531393A (en) * 1983-10-11 1985-07-30 Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. Electromagnetic forming apparatus
US5399930A (en) * 1991-09-30 1995-03-21 Rockwell International Corporation Magnetic actuator
US6128935A (en) * 1997-04-02 2000-10-10 The Ohio State University Hybrid matched tool-electromagnetic forming apparatus incorporating electromagnetic actuator
US20050205553A1 (en) * 2004-02-17 2005-09-22 Engineering Mechanics Corporation Of Columbus Coil design for magnetic pulse welding and forming
US6968718B2 (en) * 2002-07-09 2005-11-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Kobe Steel, Ltd. Method for electromagnetically forming metallic member and metallic member formed by electromagnetic forming

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4531393A (en) * 1983-10-11 1985-07-30 Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. Electromagnetic forming apparatus
US5399930A (en) * 1991-09-30 1995-03-21 Rockwell International Corporation Magnetic actuator
US6128935A (en) * 1997-04-02 2000-10-10 The Ohio State University Hybrid matched tool-electromagnetic forming apparatus incorporating electromagnetic actuator
US6968718B2 (en) * 2002-07-09 2005-11-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Kobe Steel, Ltd. Method for electromagnetically forming metallic member and metallic member formed by electromagnetic forming
US20050205553A1 (en) * 2004-02-17 2005-09-22 Engineering Mechanics Corporation Of Columbus Coil design for magnetic pulse welding and forming

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