WO2008127137A1 - Combined direct current supply - Google Patents
Combined direct current supply Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008127137A1 WO2008127137A1 PCT/RU2007/000170 RU2007000170W WO2008127137A1 WO 2008127137 A1 WO2008127137 A1 WO 2008127137A1 RU 2007000170 W RU2007000170 W RU 2007000170W WO 2008127137 A1 WO2008127137 A1 WO 2008127137A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- source
- combined
- secondary electrochemical
- current sources
- primary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and can be used to create chemical current sources.
- a current source comprising a plurality of single primary or secondary chemical current sources (CITs) or modules of several CITs connected in series electrical circuit, and one or more DC sources: auxiliary CITs, fuel cells, metal-air current sources, etc., connected to each of the individual HITs using a switch controlled by an electronic control unit.
- CITs single primary or secondary chemical current sources
- DC sources auxiliary CITs, fuel cells, metal-air current sources, etc.
- the objective of the invention is to provide a direct current source having simultaneously increased specific power and energy characteristics.
- the specified technical result is achieved by the fact that:
- a combined DC source containing single primary direct current sources or modules from several single primary direct current sources, single secondary electrochemical current sources or modules from several secondary electrochemical current sources, switching devices, an electronic control unit for switching devices, single secondary electrochemical current sources or modules from several secondary electrochemical current sources, electrically connected about a serial or serial-parallel circuit, to each unit secondary electrochemical current source or module of several secondary electrochemical current sources using a switching device, a unit primary source of direct current or a module of several primary sources of direct current is connected through an electronic converter, ensuring coordination of the operating voltages of the primary and secondary - current sources, and the control unit of the switching devices controls and maintains in a given range the voltage of each individual secondary electrochemical current source or module of several secondary electrochemical current sources by disconnecting them from primary direct current sources or modules from several single primary direct current sources or from an external electrical circuit (load).
- a fuel cell is used as the primary DC source.
- a metal-air current source is used as the primary DC source.
- a photoelectric converter is used as the primary DC source
- an electromechanical relay is used as a switching device.
- a transistor switch is used as a switching device.
- a lithium-ion battery is used as a secondary electrochemical current source.
- a lithium-polymer battery is used as a secondary electrochemical current source.
- an electrochemical capacitor is used as a secondary electrochemical current source.
- an electrochemical capacitor As an electrochemical capacitor, a two-layer electrochemical capacitor is used.
- a hybrid electrochemical capacitor was used as an electrochemical capacitor, containing electrodes of various types: one electrode operating on the effect of double layer capacitance, the second electrode is a chemical battery electrode, the accumulation of electric charge on which occurs due to reversible ion transfer between the electrolyte and the electrode.
- the control unit of the switching devices is based on one or more microprocessors.
- the control unit of the switching devices monitors and maintains in a given range the voltage of each single primary direct current source or module from several single primary direct current sources by disconnecting it from a single secondary electrochemical current source or module from several single secondary electrochemical current sources.
- the combined direct current source is made according to the electrical circuit shown in FIG. 1. It consists of 3 modules of single primary direct current sources 1, 2, 3, each of which is a battery of photoelectric converters (photomultiplier module) with an output voltage of 1.8 to 3.0 V. Each photomultiplier module through its own DC-to-DC converter DC voltage (DC-DC converter) 4, 5, 6 and power contacts of electromagnetic relays 11 (11.2), 12 (12.2), 13 (13.2) are connected to 3 modules of secondary electrochemical current sources 7, 8, 9, each which consists of 2 lithium-polymer batteries connected in parallel Yator tank A * 10 hours (battery module). Battery modules 7, 8, 9 are electrically connected in series.
- DC-DC converters 4, 5, 6 convert the output voltage of the photomultiplier modules 1, 2, 3 to a voltage lying in the range from 3.0 to 4.2 V.
- the maximum output power of each DC-DC converter 4, 5, 6 of the order of 60 watts.
- the output circuit of KIT U + there is an electromagnetic relay 14 (power contacts 14.2), and the output circuit U. is connected directly to the battery module 9. Turning on / off the control windings of the electromagnetic relays 11 (11.1) ... 14 (14.1) is carried out by the control unit 10, the measuring circuits of which are connected to the battery modules 7, 8, 9, and the supply voltage comes from the same battery modules.
- the control unit 10 measures the voltage on each battery module 7, 8, 9. If the voltage on the battery module is lower than 4.1 V, the corresponding relay 11, 12 or 13 is turned on and the charging of this battery module 7, 8 or 9 starts. When it reaches any of them, 4.2 V, the corresponding relay 11, 12 or 13 opens and, accordingly, the charge of the battery module is turned off. When the KIT is connected to the load, its discharge begins. At low load currents, the current in the discharge circuit will be determined only by the currents of the DC-DC converters 4, 5, 6, while the excess power of the solar modules 1, 2, 3 will be used to recharge the battery modules 7, 8, 9.
- the current in the discharge circuit will consist of the discharge currents of the battery modules 7, 8, 9 and the output currents of the DC-DC converters 4, 5, 6.
- the relay 14 KIT disconnected from the load, while the charge of the battery modules begins.
- the relay 14 is turned on and, accordingly, the possibility of KIT discharge occurs when the voltage on all battery modules 7, 8, 9 rises above 3.6 V.
- the combined DC source is made according to the electrical circuit shown in FIG. 2. It consists of 3 single primary current sources 1, 2, 3, each of which is a single magnesium-air current source (MVIT) with an output voltage of 0.9 to 1.5 V. Each MVIT through its own DC-DC converter 4 , 5, 6 and electronic keys 11, 12, 13 connected to 3 modules from single secondary electrochemical current sources 7, 8, 9, each of which consists of 6 connected in series sealed lead-acid batteries with a capacity of 10 A * h (battery module). Battery modules 7, 8, 9 are electrically connected in series.
- DC-DC converters 4, 5, 6 convert the output voltage of MVIT 1, 2, 3 into a voltage lying in the range from 10.0 to 14.5 V. The maximum output power of each DC-DC converter 4, 5, 6 is about 25 W .
- the output circuit of KIT U + there is an electronic key 14, and the output circuit U. is connected directly to the battery module 9. Turning on / off the electronic keys 11 ... 14 is carried out by the control unit 10 (electronic key control circuits 11 ... 14 are not shown in the diagram).
- the measuring circuit of the control unit 10 is connected to MVIT 1, 2, 3 and the battery modules 7, 8, 9, and its voltage is supplied from the same battery modules.
- the control unit 10 is connected LEDs 15, 16, 17.
- the control unit 10 measures the voltage at each MVIT 1, 2, 3 and each battery module 7, 8, 9. If the voltage at MVIT is higher than 0.8 V, and the voltage on the battery module is lower
- the corresponding electronic switch 11, 12 or 13 is turned on and the charging of this battery module 7, 8 or 9 starts.
- any voltage reaches 14.5 V
- the corresponding electronic switch 11, 12 or 13 and, accordingly, the charge The battery module turns off.
- the KIT is connected to the load, its discharge begins.
- the current in the discharge circuit will be determined only by the currents of the DC-DC converters 4, 5, 6, while the excess power MVIT 1, 2, 3 will be used to recharge the battery modules 7, 8, 9.
- the current in the discharge circuit will consist of the discharge currents of the battery modules 7, 8, 9 and the output currents of the DC-DC converters 4, 5, 6.
- TPTE module single primary direct current sources 1, 2, 3, 18, 19, 20, each of which is three connected in series single hydrogen-air solid polymer fuel cells (TPTE module) with an output voltage of 1.5 to 3.0 V.
- Each TPTE module through its DC-DC converter 4, 5, 6, 21, 22, 23 and electronic keys 11, 12, 13, 24, 25, 26 connected to 6 modules from single secondary electrochemical current sources 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29, each of which is a battery of hybrid electrochemical capacitors with an alkaline electrolyte and a nickel oxide electrode with a capacity of 4 F and a maximum operating voltage of 14 V (hereinafter referred to as capacitor).
- Capacitors 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29 are electrically connected in series-parallel circuit.
- DC-DC converters 4, 5, 6, 21, 22, 23 convert the output voltage of TPTE modules 1, 2, 3, 18, 19, 20 to a voltage lying in the range from 9.0 to 14.0 V. Maximum output power each DC-DC converter 4, 5, 6, 21, 22, 23 of the order of 5 watts.
- the output circuit of KIT U + there is an electronic key 14, and the output circuit U. is connected directly to the capacitors 9 and 29.
- the control unit 10 10.1 and 10.2 (the electronic key control circuits 11, 12, 13, 24, 25, 26 are not shown in the diagram).
- the measuring circuit of the control unit 10 is connected to the TPTE modules 1, 2, 3, 18, 19, 20 and capacitors 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29, and its supply voltage comes from the same capacitors.
- the light emitting diodes 15, 16, 17, 30, 31, 32 are connected to the control unit 10. KIT functioning algorithm.
- the A7 control unit measures the voltage at each TPTE module 1, 2, 3, 18, 19, 20 and each capacitor 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29. If the voltage at the TPTE module is higher than 1.5 V, and the voltage at the capacitor below 13.5 V, the corresponding electronic key 11, 12, 13, 24, 25, 26 and the charge of this capacitor 7, 8, 9, 27, 28 or 29 begins. When any voltage reaches 14.0 V, the corresponding electronic key 11, 12, 13, 24, 25, 26 and, accordingly, the capacitor charge is turned off. When the KIT is connected to the load, its discharge begins.
- the current in the discharge circuit will be determined only by the currents of the DC-DC converters 4, 5, 6, 21, 22, 23, while the excess power of the TPTE modules 1, 2, 3, 18, 19, 20 will be used for recharging capacitors 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29.
- the current in the discharge circuit will consist of the discharge currents of capacitors 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29 and the output currents of DC-DC converters 4, 5, 6, 21, 22, 23.
- the inclusion of the electronic key 14 and, accordingly, the appearance of the possibility of discharge of the KIT occurs when the voltage on all capacitors 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29 increases above 12.0 V.
- the control unit 10 disconnects this TPTE module from the corresponding battery module using the electronic key 11, 12, 13, 24, 25, 26 and generates a light signal about the discharge of this TPTE module using the LED 15, 16 , 17, 30, 31, 32.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
КОМБИНИРОВАННЫЙ ИСТОЧНИК ПОСТОЯННОГО ТОКА COMBINED DC SOURCE
(i) Область использования(i) Area of use
Изобретение относится к области электротехники и может быть использовано при создании химических источников тока.The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and can be used to create chemical current sources.
(ii) Предшествующий уровень техники(ii) Prior Art
Наиболее близким к данному изобретению является источник тока, включающий множество единичных первичных или вторичных химических источников тока (ХИТ) или модулей из нескольких ХИТ, соединенных в последовательную электрическую цепь, и один или несколько источников постоянного тока: вспомогательных ХИТ, топливных элементов, метало-воздушных источников тока и др, подключаемых к каждому из единичных ХИТ с помощью коммутатора, управляемого электронным блоком управления. [Пат. PФ JЧO2230418, OП. 10.06.04]. Недостатком известного источника тока является, то что вспомогательные электрохимические источники тока, ликвидируя разбаланс напряжений в батарее, практически не повышают удельные энергетические или мощностные характеристики источника тока.Closest to this invention is a current source comprising a plurality of single primary or secondary chemical current sources (CITs) or modules of several CITs connected in series electrical circuit, and one or more DC sources: auxiliary CITs, fuel cells, metal-air current sources, etc., connected to each of the individual HITs using a switch controlled by an electronic control unit. [Pat. RF JCO 2230418, OP. 06/10/04]. A disadvantage of the known current source is that auxiliary electrochemical current sources, eliminating the voltage imbalance in the battery, practically do not increase the specific energy or power characteristics of the current source.
(iii) Раскрытие изобретения.(iii) Disclosure of the invention.
Задачей изобретения является создание источника постоянного тока, обладающего одновременно повышенными удельными мощностными и энергетическими характеристиками. Указанный технический результат достигается тем, что:The objective of the invention is to provide a direct current source having simultaneously increased specific power and energy characteristics. The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that:
В комбинированном источнике постоянного тока, содержащем единичные первичные источники постоянного тока или модули из нескольких единичных первичных источников постоянного тока, единичные вторичные электрохимические источники тока или модули из нескольких вторичных электрохимических источников тока, коммутирующие устройства, электронный блок управления коммутирующими устройствами, единичные вторичные электрохимические источники тока или модули из нескольких вторичных электрохимических источников тока, электрически соединены по последовательной или последовательно-параллельной схеме, к каждому единичному вторичному электрохимическому источнику тока или модулю нескольких вторичных электрохимических источников тока с помощью коммутирующего устройства подключен единичный первичный источник постоянного тока или модуль из нескольких первичных источников постоянного тока через электронный преобразователь, обеспечивающий согласование рабочих напряжений первичного и вторичного - источников тока, а блок управления коммутирующими устройствами контролирует и поддерживает в заданном диапазоне напряжение каждого единичного вторичного электрохимического источника тока или модуля нескольких вторичных электрохимических источников тока путем их отключения от первичных источников постоянного тока или модулей из нескольких единичных первичных источников постоянного тока или от внешней электрической цепи (нагрузки).In a combined DC source containing single primary direct current sources or modules from several single primary direct current sources, single secondary electrochemical current sources or modules from several secondary electrochemical current sources, switching devices, an electronic control unit for switching devices, single secondary electrochemical current sources or modules from several secondary electrochemical current sources, electrically connected about a serial or serial-parallel circuit, to each unit secondary electrochemical current source or module of several secondary electrochemical current sources using a switching device, a unit primary source of direct current or a module of several primary sources of direct current is connected through an electronic converter, ensuring coordination of the operating voltages of the primary and secondary - current sources, and the control unit of the switching devices controls and maintains in a given range the voltage of each individual secondary electrochemical current source or module of several secondary electrochemical current sources by disconnecting them from primary direct current sources or modules from several single primary direct current sources or from an external electrical circuit (load).
В комбинированном источнике постоянного тока в качестве первичного источника постоянного тока использован топливный элемент. В комбинированном источнике постоянного тока в качестве первичного источника постоянного тока использован метало-воздушный источник тока.In a combined DC source, a fuel cell is used as the primary DC source. In a combined DC source, a metal-air current source is used as the primary DC source.
В комбинированном источнике постоянного тока в качестве первичного источника постоянного тока использован фотоэлектрический преобразовательIn a combined DC source, a photoelectric converter is used as the primary DC source
В комбинированном электрохимическом источнике в качестве коммутирующего устройства использовано электромеханическое реле. В комбинированном электрохимическом источнике в качестве коммутирующего устройства использован транзисторный ключ.In the combined electrochemical source, an electromechanical relay is used as a switching device. In the combined electrochemical source, a transistor switch is used as a switching device.
В комбинированном электрохимическом источнике в качестве вторичного электрохимического источника тока использован литий- ионный аккумулятор. В комбинированном электрохимическом источнике в качестве вторичного электрохимического источника тока использован литий- полимерный аккумулятор.In a combined electrochemical source, a lithium-ion battery is used as a secondary electrochemical current source. In the combined electrochemical source, a lithium-polymer battery is used as a secondary electrochemical current source.
В комбинированном электрохимическом источнике в качестве вторичного электрохимического источника тока использован электрохимический конденсатор.In a combined electrochemical source, an electrochemical capacitor is used as a secondary electrochemical current source.
В качестве электрохимического конденсатора использован двухслойный электрохимический конденсатор.As an electrochemical capacitor, a two-layer electrochemical capacitor is used.
В качестве электрохимического конденсатора использован гибридный электрохимический конденсатор, содержащий электроды разных типов: один электрод, работающий на эффекте емкости двойного слоя, второй электрод - электрод химического аккумулятора, накопление электрического заряда на котором происходит за счет обратимого ионного переноса между электролитом и электродом. В комбинированном электрохимическом источнике блок управления коммутирующими устройствами выполнен на базе одного или нескольких микропроцессоров.A hybrid electrochemical capacitor was used as an electrochemical capacitor, containing electrodes of various types: one electrode operating on the effect of double layer capacitance, the second electrode is a chemical battery electrode, the accumulation of electric charge on which occurs due to reversible ion transfer between the electrolyte and the electrode. In a combined electrochemical source, the control unit of the switching devices is based on one or more microprocessors.
Блок управления коммутирующими устройствами контролирует и поддерживает в заданном диапазоне напряжение каждого единичного первичного источника постоянного тока или модуля из нескольких единичных первичных источников постоянного тока путем его отключения от единичного вторичного электрохимического источника тока или модуля из нескольких единичных вторичных электрохимических источников тока.The control unit of the switching devices monitors and maintains in a given range the voltage of each single primary direct current source or module from several single primary direct current sources by disconnecting it from a single secondary electrochemical current source or module from several single secondary electrochemical current sources.
(iv) Примеры реализации изобретения(iv) Examples of implementation of the invention
Пример 1Example 1
Комбинированный источник постоянного тока (КИТ) выполнен по электрической схеме, приведенной на фиг. 1. Он состоит из 3-х модулей единичных первичных источников постоянного тока 1, 2, 3, каждый из которых представляет собой батарею фотоэлектрических преобразователей (модуль ФЭП) с выходным напряжением от 1.8 до 3.0 В. Каждый модуль ФЭП через свой преобразователь постоянного напряжения в постоянное напряжение (DC-DC преобразователь) 4, 5, 6 и силовые контакты электромагнитных реле 11 (11.2), 12 (12.2), 13 (13.2) подключен к 3-м модулям вторичных электрохимических источников тока 7, 8, 9, каждый из которых состоит из 2-х соединенных параллельно литий-полимерных аккумуляторов емкостью 10 A*ч (аккумуляторный модуль). Аккумуляторные модули 7, 8, 9 электрически соединены по последовательной схеме. DC-DC преобразователи 4, 5, 6 преобразуют выходное напряжение модулей ФЭП 1, 2, 3 в напряжение, лежащее в диапазоне от 3,0 до 4,2 В. Максимальная выходная мощность каждого DC-DC преобразователя 4, 5, 6 порядка 60 Вт. В выходной цепи КИТ U+ имеется электромагнитное реле 14 (силовые контакты 14.2), а выходная цепь U. подключена к аккумуляторному модулю 9 непосредственно. Включение/отключение управляющих обмоток электромагнитных реле 11 (11.1) ... 14 (14.1), осуществляется блоком управления 10, измерительные цепи которого подключены к аккумуляторным модулям 7, 8, 9, а напряжение питания поступает с этих же аккумуляторных модулей.The combined direct current source (KIT) is made according to the electrical circuit shown in FIG. 1. It consists of 3 modules of single primary direct current sources 1, 2, 3, each of which is a battery of photoelectric converters (photomultiplier module) with an output voltage of 1.8 to 3.0 V. Each photomultiplier module through its own DC-to-DC converter DC voltage (DC-DC converter) 4, 5, 6 and power contacts of electromagnetic relays 11 (11.2), 12 (12.2), 13 (13.2) are connected to 3 modules of secondary electrochemical current sources 7, 8, 9, each which consists of 2 lithium-polymer batteries connected in parallel Yator tank A * 10 hours (battery module). Battery modules 7, 8, 9 are electrically connected in series. DC-DC converters 4, 5, 6 convert the output voltage of the photomultiplier modules 1, 2, 3 to a voltage lying in the range from 3.0 to 4.2 V. The maximum output power of each DC-DC converter 4, 5, 6 of the order of 60 watts. In the output circuit of KIT U + there is an electromagnetic relay 14 (power contacts 14.2), and the output circuit U. is connected directly to the battery module 9. Turning on / off the control windings of the electromagnetic relays 11 (11.1) ... 14 (14.1) is carried out by the control unit 10, the measuring circuits of which are connected to the battery modules 7, 8, 9, and the supply voltage comes from the same battery modules.
Алгоритм функционирования КИТ. Блок управления 10 измеряет напряжение на каждом аккумуляторном модуле 7, 8, 9. Если напряжение на аккумуляторном модуле ниже 4,1 В, включается соответствующее реле 11, 12 или 13 и начинается заряд этого аккумуляторного модуля 7, 8 или 9. При достижении на любом из них напряжения 4,2 В соответствующее реле 11, 12 или 13 размыкается и, соответственно, заряд аккумуляторного модуля отключается. При подключении КИТ к нагрузке начинается его разряд. При малых токах нагрузки, ток в разрядной цепи будет определяться только токами DC-DC преобразователей 4, 5, 6, при этом избыточная мощность модулей ФЭП 1, 2, 3 будет использована для подзаряда аккумуляторных модулей 7, 8, 9. При больших токах нагрузки, ток в разрядной цепи будет складываться из разрядных токов аккумуляторных модулей 7, 8, 9 и выходных токов DC-DC преобразователей 4, 5, 6. При разряде любого аккумуляторного модуля 7, 8 или 9 ниже 3,0 В с помощью реле 14 КИТ отключается от нагрузки, при этом начинается заряд аккумуляторных модулей. Включение реле 14 и, соответственно, появление возможности разряда КИТ происходит при повышении напряжения на всех аккумуляторных модулях 7, 8, 9 выше 3,6 В. Пример 2KIT functioning algorithm. The control unit 10 measures the voltage on each battery module 7, 8, 9. If the voltage on the battery module is lower than 4.1 V, the corresponding relay 11, 12 or 13 is turned on and the charging of this battery module 7, 8 or 9 starts. When it reaches any of them, 4.2 V, the corresponding relay 11, 12 or 13 opens and, accordingly, the charge of the battery module is turned off. When the KIT is connected to the load, its discharge begins. At low load currents, the current in the discharge circuit will be determined only by the currents of the DC-DC converters 4, 5, 6, while the excess power of the solar modules 1, 2, 3 will be used to recharge the battery modules 7, 8, 9. At high load currents , the current in the discharge circuit will consist of the discharge currents of the battery modules 7, 8, 9 and the output currents of the DC-DC converters 4, 5, 6. When any battery module 7, 8 or 9 is discharged below 3.0 V using the relay 14 KIT disconnected from the load, while the charge of the battery modules begins. The relay 14 is turned on and, accordingly, the possibility of KIT discharge occurs when the voltage on all battery modules 7, 8, 9 rises above 3.6 V. Example 2
Комбинированный источник постоянного тока выполнен по электрической схеме, приведенной на фиг. 2. Он состоит из 3-х единичных первичных источников тока 1, 2, 3, каждый из которых представляет собой единичный магний-воздушный источник тока (МВИТ) с выходным напряжением от 0.9 до 1.5 В. Каждый МВИТ через свой DC-DC преобразователь 4, 5, 6 и электронные ключи 11, 12, 13 подключен к 3-м модулям из единичных вторичных электрохимических источников тока 7, 8, 9, каждый из которых состоит из 6-ти соединенных последовательно герметизированных свинцово-кислотных аккумуляторов емкостью 10 A*ч (аккумуляторный модуль). Аккумуляторные модули 7, 8, 9 электрически соединены по последовательной схеме. DC-DC преобразователи 4, 5, 6 преобразуют выходное напряжение МВИТ 1, 2, 3 в напряжение, лежащее в диапазоне от 10,0 до 14,5 В. Максимальная выходная мощность каждого DC-DC преобразователя 4, 5, 6 порядка 25 Вт. В выходной цепи КИТ U+ имеется электронный ключ 14, а выходная цепь U. подключена к аккумуляторному модулю 9 непосредственно. Включение/отключение электронных ключей 11 ... 14, осуществляется блоком управления 10 (цепи управления электронными ключами 11 ... 14 на схеме не показаны). Измерительные цепи блока управления 10 подключены к МВИТ 1, 2, 3 и аккумуляторным модулям 7, 8, 9, а напряжение его питания поступает с этих же аккумуляторных модулей. К блоку управления 10 подключены светодиоды 15, 16, 17.The combined DC source is made according to the electrical circuit shown in FIG. 2. It consists of 3 single primary current sources 1, 2, 3, each of which is a single magnesium-air current source (MVIT) with an output voltage of 0.9 to 1.5 V. Each MVIT through its own DC-DC converter 4 , 5, 6 and electronic keys 11, 12, 13 connected to 3 modules from single secondary electrochemical current sources 7, 8, 9, each of which consists of 6 connected in series sealed lead-acid batteries with a capacity of 10 A * h (battery module). Battery modules 7, 8, 9 are electrically connected in series. DC-DC converters 4, 5, 6 convert the output voltage of MVIT 1, 2, 3 into a voltage lying in the range from 10.0 to 14.5 V. The maximum output power of each DC-DC converter 4, 5, 6 is about 25 W . In the output circuit of KIT U + there is an electronic key 14, and the output circuit U. is connected directly to the battery module 9. Turning on / off the electronic keys 11 ... 14 is carried out by the control unit 10 (electronic key control circuits 11 ... 14 are not shown in the diagram). The measuring circuit of the control unit 10 is connected to MVIT 1, 2, 3 and the battery modules 7, 8, 9, and its voltage is supplied from the same battery modules. The control unit 10 is connected LEDs 15, 16, 17.
Алгоритм функционирования КИТ.KIT functioning algorithm.
Блок управления 10 измеряет напряжение на каждом МВИТ 1, 2, 3 и каждом аккумуляторном модуле 7, 8, 9. Если напряжение на МВИТ выше 0,8 В, а напряжение на аккумуляторном модуле нижеThe control unit 10 measures the voltage at each MVIT 1, 2, 3 and each battery module 7, 8, 9. If the voltage at MVIT is higher than 0.8 V, and the voltage on the battery module is lower
13,0 В, включается соответствующий электронный ключ 11, 12 или 13 и начинается заряд этого аккумуляторного модуля 7, 8 или 9. При достижении на любом из них напряжения 14,5 В соответствующий электронный ключ 11, 12 или 13 и, соответственно, заряд аккумуляторного модуля отключается. При подключении КИТ к нагрузке начинается его разряд. При малых токах нагрузки, ток в разрядной цепи будет определяться только токами DC-DC преобразователей 4, 5, 6, при этом избыточная мощность МВИТ 1, 2, 3 будет использована для подзаряда аккумуляторных модулей 7, 8, 9. При больших токах нагрузки, ток в разрядной цепи будет складываться из разрядных токов аккумуляторных модулей 7, 8, 9 и выходных токов DC-DC преобразователей 4, 5, 6. При разряде любого аккумуляторного модуля 7, 8 или 9 ниже 10,0 В с помощью электронного ключа 14 КИТ отключается от нагрузки, при этом начинается заряд аккумуляторных модулей. Включение электронного ключа 14 и, соответственно, появление возможности разряда КИТ происходит при повышении напряжения на всех аккумуляторных модулях 7, 8, 9 выше 12,0 В. При снижении напряжения на любом МВИТ 1, 2, 3 до 0,8 В блок управления 10 отключает этот МВИТ от соответствующего аккумуляторного модуля с помощью электронного ключа 11, 12 или 13 и формирует световой сигнал о разряде этого МВИТ с помощью свето диода 15, 16 или 17. Пример 3. Комбинированный источник постоянного тока выполнен по электрической схеме, приведенной на фиг. 3. Он состоит из 6-ти модулей из единичных первичных источников постоянного тока 1, 2, 3, 18, 19, 20, каждый из которых представляет собой три соединенных последовательно единичных водородо-воздушных твердо- полимерных топливных элементов (модуль ТПТЭ) с выходным напряжением от 1.5 до 3.0 В. Каждый модуль ТПТЭ через свой DC-DC преобразователь 4, 5, 6, 21, 22, 23 и электронные ключи 11, 12, 13, 24, 25, 26 подключен к 6-ти модулям из единичных вторичных электрохимических источников тока 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29, каждый из которых представляет собой батарею гибридных электрохимических конденсаторов с щелочным электролитом и окисно-никелевым электродом емкостью 4 Ф и максимальным рабочим напряжением 14 В (далее по тексту конденсатор). Конденсаторы 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29 электрически соединены по последовательно-параллельной схеме. DC-DC преобразователи 4, 5, 6, 21, 22, 23 преобразуют выходное напряжение модулей ТПТЭ 1, 2, 3, 18, 19, 20 в напряжение, лежащее в диапазоне от 9,0 до 14,0 В. Максимальная выходная мощность каждого DC-DC преобразователя 4, 5, 6, 21, 22, 23 порядка 5 Вт. В выходной цепи КИТ U+ имеется электронный ключ 14, а выходная цепь U. подключена к конденсаторам 9 и 29 непосредственно. Включение/отключение электронных ключей 11, 12, 13, 24, 25, 26 осуществляется блоком управления 10 (10.1 и 10.2) (цепи управления электронными ключами 11, 12, 13, 24, 25, 26 на схеме не показаны). Измерительные цепи блока управления 10 подключены к модулям ТПТЭ 1, 2, 3, 18, 19, 20 и конденсаторам 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29, а напряжение его питания поступает с этих же конденсаторов. К блоку управления 10 подключены свето диоды 15, 16, 17, 30, 31, 32. Алгоритм функционирования КИТ.13.0 V, the corresponding electronic switch 11, 12 or 13 is turned on and the charging of this battery module 7, 8 or 9 starts. When any voltage reaches 14.5 V, the corresponding electronic switch 11, 12 or 13 and, accordingly, the charge The battery module turns off. When the KIT is connected to the load, its discharge begins. At low load currents, the current in the discharge circuit will be determined only by the currents of the DC-DC converters 4, 5, 6, while the excess power MVIT 1, 2, 3 will be used to recharge the battery modules 7, 8, 9. At high load currents, the current in the discharge circuit will consist of the discharge currents of the battery modules 7, 8, 9 and the output currents of the DC-DC converters 4, 5, 6. When discharging any battery module 7, 8 or 9 below 10.0 V using an electronic key 14 KIT disconnected from the load, while the charge of the battery modules begins. The inclusion of the electronic key 14 and, accordingly, the appearance of the possibility of discharging the KIT occurs when the voltage on all battery modules 7, 8, 9 rises above 12.0 V. When the voltage on any MVIT 1, 2, 3 decreases to 0.8 V, the control unit 10 disconnects this MVIT from the corresponding battery module using the electronic key 11, 12 or 13 and generates a light signal about the discharge of this MVIT using the LEDs 15, 16 or 17. Example 3. The combined DC source is made according to the electric circuit shown in FIG. 3. It consists of 6 modules of single primary direct current sources 1, 2, 3, 18, 19, 20, each of which is three connected in series single hydrogen-air solid polymer fuel cells (TPTE module) with an output voltage of 1.5 to 3.0 V. Each TPTE module through its DC-DC converter 4, 5, 6, 21, 22, 23 and electronic keys 11, 12, 13, 24, 25, 26 connected to 6 modules from single secondary electrochemical current sources 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29, each of which is a battery of hybrid electrochemical capacitors with an alkaline electrolyte and a nickel oxide electrode with a capacity of 4 F and a maximum operating voltage of 14 V (hereinafter referred to as capacitor). Capacitors 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29 are electrically connected in series-parallel circuit. DC-DC converters 4, 5, 6, 21, 22, 23 convert the output voltage of TPTE modules 1, 2, 3, 18, 19, 20 to a voltage lying in the range from 9.0 to 14.0 V. Maximum output power each DC-DC converter 4, 5, 6, 21, 22, 23 of the order of 5 watts. In the output circuit of KIT U + there is an electronic key 14, and the output circuit U. is connected directly to the capacitors 9 and 29. Turning on / off the electronic keys 11, 12, 13, 24, 25, 26 is carried out by the control unit 10 (10.1 and 10.2) (the electronic key control circuits 11, 12, 13, 24, 25, 26 are not shown in the diagram). The measuring circuit of the control unit 10 is connected to the TPTE modules 1, 2, 3, 18, 19, 20 and capacitors 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29, and its supply voltage comes from the same capacitors. The light emitting diodes 15, 16, 17, 30, 31, 32 are connected to the control unit 10. KIT functioning algorithm.
Блок управления A7 измеряет напряжение на каждом модуле ТПТЭ 1, 2, 3, 18, 19, 20 и каждом конденсаторе 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29. Если напряжение на модуле ТПТЭ выше 1,5 В, а напряжение на конденсаторе ниже 13,5 В, включается соответствующий электронный ключ 11, 12, 13, 24, 25, 26 и начинается заряд этого конденсатора 7, 8, 9, 27, 28 или 29. При достижении на любом из них напряжения 14,0 В соответствующий электронный ключ 11, 12, 13, 24, 25, 26 и, соответственно, заряд конденсатора отключается. При подключении КИТ к нагрузке начинается его разряд. При малых токах нагрузки, ток в разрядной цепи будет определяться только токами DC-DC преобразователей 4, 5, 6, 21, 22, 23, при этом избыточная мощность модулей ТПТЭ 1, 2, 3, 18, 19, 20 будет использована для подзаряда конденсаторов 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29. При больших токах нагрузки, ток в разрядной цепи будет складываться из разрядных токов конденсаторов 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29 и выходных токов DC-DC преобразователей 4, 5, 6, 21, 22, 23. При разряде любого конденсатора 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29 ниже 9,0 В с помощью электронного ключа 14 КИТ отключается от нагрузки, при этом начинается заряд конденсаторов. Включение электронного ключа 14 и, соответственно, появление возможности разряда КИТ происходит при повышении напряжения на всех конденсаторах 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29 выше 12,0 В. При снижении напряжения на любом модуле ТПТЭ 1, 2, 3, 18, 19, 20 до 1,5 В блок управления 10 отключает этот модуль ТПТЭ от соответствующего аккумуляторного модуля с помощью электронного ключа 11, 12, 13, 24, 25, 26 и формирует световой сигнал о разряде этого модуля ТПТЭ с помощью светодиода 15, 16, 17, 30, 31, 32. The A7 control unit measures the voltage at each TPTE module 1, 2, 3, 18, 19, 20 and each capacitor 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29. If the voltage at the TPTE module is higher than 1.5 V, and the voltage at the capacitor below 13.5 V, the corresponding electronic key 11, 12, 13, 24, 25, 26 and the charge of this capacitor 7, 8, 9, 27, 28 or 29 begins. When any voltage reaches 14.0 V, the corresponding electronic key 11, 12, 13, 24, 25, 26 and, accordingly, the capacitor charge is turned off. When the KIT is connected to the load, its discharge begins. At low load currents, the current in the discharge circuit will be determined only by the currents of the DC-DC converters 4, 5, 6, 21, 22, 23, while the excess power of the TPTE modules 1, 2, 3, 18, 19, 20 will be used for recharging capacitors 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29. At high load currents, the current in the discharge circuit will consist of the discharge currents of capacitors 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29 and the output currents of DC-DC converters 4, 5, 6, 21, 22, 23. When the discharge of any capacitor 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29 is lower than 9.0 V using the electronic key 14, the KIT is disconnected from the load, and the charge of the capacitors begins. The inclusion of the electronic key 14 and, accordingly, the appearance of the possibility of discharge of the KIT occurs when the voltage on all capacitors 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29 increases above 12.0 V. When the voltage decreases on any TPTE module 1, 2, 3, 18 , 19, 20 to 1.5 V, the control unit 10 disconnects this TPTE module from the corresponding battery module using the electronic key 11, 12, 13, 24, 25, 26 and generates a light signal about the discharge of this TPTE module using the LED 15, 16 , 17, 30, 31, 32.
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112007003447T DE112007003447T5 (en) | 2007-04-11 | 2007-04-11 | Combined DC power source |
| PCT/RU2007/000170 WO2008127137A1 (en) | 2007-04-11 | 2007-04-11 | Combined direct current supply |
| EA200801436A EA013286B1 (en) | 2007-04-11 | 2007-04-11 | Combined direct current supply |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/RU2007/000170 WO2008127137A1 (en) | 2007-04-11 | 2007-04-11 | Combined direct current supply |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008127137A1 true WO2008127137A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/RU2007/000170 Ceased WO2008127137A1 (en) | 2007-04-11 | 2007-04-11 | Combined direct current supply |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE112007003447T5 (en) |
| EA (1) | EA013286B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2008127137A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011095366A3 (en) * | 2010-02-04 | 2012-05-03 | Sb Limotive Company Ltd. | Battery having a selectable number of battery cells |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018200485A1 (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2019-07-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Waterborne vehicle with a power supply device |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5956241A (en) * | 1996-02-26 | 1999-09-21 | Micro Linear Corporation | Battery cell equalization circuit |
| RU2230418C1 (en) * | 2002-12-24 | 2004-06-10 | Груздев Александр Иванович | Digital-screen high-temperature semiconductor current limiter |
| US20050127871A1 (en) * | 2003-10-27 | 2005-06-16 | Hironobu Orikasa | Battery pack |
| RU2005131896A (en) * | 2005-10-17 | 2007-04-27 | Александр Иванович Груздев (RU) | COMBINED ELECTROCHEMICAL SOURCE |
-
2007
- 2007-04-11 EA EA200801436A patent/EA013286B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-04-11 DE DE112007003447T patent/DE112007003447T5/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-04-11 WO PCT/RU2007/000170 patent/WO2008127137A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5956241A (en) * | 1996-02-26 | 1999-09-21 | Micro Linear Corporation | Battery cell equalization circuit |
| RU2230418C1 (en) * | 2002-12-24 | 2004-06-10 | Груздев Александр Иванович | Digital-screen high-temperature semiconductor current limiter |
| US20050127871A1 (en) * | 2003-10-27 | 2005-06-16 | Hironobu Orikasa | Battery pack |
| RU2005131896A (en) * | 2005-10-17 | 2007-04-27 | Александр Иванович Груздев (RU) | COMBINED ELECTROCHEMICAL SOURCE |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011095366A3 (en) * | 2010-02-04 | 2012-05-03 | Sb Limotive Company Ltd. | Battery having a selectable number of battery cells |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EA200801436A1 (en) | 2009-04-28 |
| DE112007003447T5 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
| EA013286B1 (en) | 2010-04-30 |
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