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WO2008125497A1 - Procédé de fabrication de composants haute température et composant ainsi fabriqué - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de composants haute température et composant ainsi fabriqué Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008125497A1
WO2008125497A1 PCT/EP2008/053946 EP2008053946W WO2008125497A1 WO 2008125497 A1 WO2008125497 A1 WO 2008125497A1 EP 2008053946 W EP2008053946 W EP 2008053946W WO 2008125497 A1 WO2008125497 A1 WO 2008125497A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
powder
component
melting
rhenium
components
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2008/053946
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Lluis Gimeno-Fabra
Johannes Vlcek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Original Assignee
EADS Deutschland GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EADS Deutschland GmbH filed Critical EADS Deutschland GmbH
Publication of WO2008125497A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008125497A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C27/00Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • B22F10/32Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • B22F10/36Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing components according to the preamble of claim 1 appended hereto, as known from US Pat. No. 5,352,538. This document will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing components, in particular for high temperature applications, from a material containing at least one metal having a melting point of above about 2000 0 C.
  • the invention relates to a production method for high temperature components made of an alloy, in particular of a binary alloy.
  • DE 103 40 132 A1 A method for producing components for high-temperature applications is known from DE 103 40 132 A1.
  • This document relates to an oxidation-resistant, ductile CrRe alloy for high-temperature applications and a corresponding CrRe material. More specifically, the document DE 103 40 132 A1 describes a special high-temperature alloy which is suitable for applications where structural materials with very good oxidation and Corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties are required, which can work in temperature ranges above 1000 0 C.
  • such components are suitable for use in satellite, aircraft or jet engines.
  • Other exemplary uses are thermally highly stressed components of missiles and heating plants, to name just a few examples.
  • High temperature metals have a high melting point per se.
  • the high melting point is also in the production of metal alloys from high temperature metals process engineering problems.
  • High process temperatures are required.
  • the process options are limited due to the process conditions to be complied with.
  • When the melt is heated at very high temperatures there is a risk of contamination by the crucible material. These problems occur in particular in materials that should contain metals with a melting point above about 2000 0 C.
  • high-temperature metals and alloys formed therefrom have special material properties, which are characterized by the microstructure and high hardness and strength. This results in considerable difficulties in the machining, so that only specific cutting materials, such as hard metals or cutting ceramics, can be used. In addition, it is difficult to ensure the homogeneity of alloys or other composite materials containing the high-temperature metals.
  • the invention has therefore set itself the task of improving a method for producing components, in particular for high-temperature applications, from a material containing at least one metal having a melting point of above about 2000 0 C, such that complicated components easier and cheaper and can be produced in improved quality.
  • thermally highly loadable component e.g., an engine component or a Cr-Re component
  • a thermally highly loadable component e.g., an engine component or a Cr-Re component
  • a powder containing starting materials of the desired component material is selectively melted and then allowed to solidify, the component having the desired final contour being built up in layers.
  • the starting material is here as a powder, which contains the constituents of the desired component material, and is locally melted and then solidifies again quickly.
  • the location of the reflow is varied until a layer of the component is produced with corresponding outer contours.
  • the next layer is then applied in a corresponding manner via this layer. In this way, the component with the desired final contour is built up in layers using 3D CAD data.
  • Melting serve in particular data which corresponds to the desired final contour of the Correspond to components.
  • This data can advantageously come from 3D CAD files.
  • rapid prototyping is usually used in the production of individual prototypes and comes from the area of the production of prototypes made of plastics.When producing larger quantities, the term “rapid manufacturing” is often used in recent times, which is particularly expressed should bring that the process in the (vision) production is used together with the series material.
  • Starting material typically uses lasers, electron beams or other suitable heat sources.
  • a beam of high-energy radiation is passed over the powder, a powder mixture of alloying constituents, for example chromium and rhenium, and possibly one or more further constituents, in order to produce correspondingly 3D CAD data.
  • alloying constituents for example chromium and rhenium, and possibly one or more further constituents
  • the process may be carried out in vacuo (eg if an electron beam is used as the heat source) or under a special inert gas atmosphere or inert gas atmosphere, such as under an argon / helium atmosphere, for example. be performed.
  • a special inert gas atmosphere or inert gas atmosphere such as under an argon / helium atmosphere, for example.
  • the latter occurs in particular when a laser is used as the heat source.
  • the use of an inert gas or inert gas atmosphere under a pressure greater than 10 5 Pa is particularly advantageous in the processing of chromium, since the chromium then does not evaporate so quickly.
  • Particularly preferred material used for the component to be produced is a high-temperature alloy which contains as an essential constituent at least one metal melting above 2000 ° C. (eg niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum and / or rhenium), the powder of powder particles being more desirable Alloy components is mixed.
  • a high-temperature alloy which contains as an essential constituent at least one metal melting above 2000 ° C. (eg niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum and / or rhenium), the powder of powder particles being more desirable Alloy components is mixed.
  • the pul verförmiger starting material a mixture of at least one of above about 2000 0 C melting component (for example, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, and / or rhenium) and at least one melting at a lower temperature component (for example, copper , Iron, aluminum, chromium, nickel and / or cobalt).
  • a melting component for example, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, and / or rhenium
  • a lower temperature component for example, copper , Iron, aluminum, chromium, nickel and / or cobalt
  • the low melting point constituents will first melt and the very high melting point constituents melt later, or possibly not at all, unless the melting temperature is reached by the heat source used. Consequently, in the method according to the invention, at least one component of the
  • the term "selective melting” does not exclude that all constituents of the starting material can reach the melting point, and thus a completely liquid Phase is present, which may be particularly advantageous for improving the structural homogeneity.
  • the low-melting constituent thus first becomes liquid.
  • the high-melting component can be distributed homogeneously. This is done, for example, by diffusion.
  • the powder material could also be accompanied by a light metal.
  • tantalum-tungsten components To produce tantalum-tungsten components, a powder mixture of tantalum powder, tungsten powder and possibly one or more further constituents is used.
  • molybdenum-rhenium components For the production of molybdenum-rhenium components, a powder mixture of molybdenum powder, rhenium powder and possibly one or more further constituents is used.
  • the components produced according to the invention consist of a material with more than 40 wt .-% of a melt above 2000 0 C metal.
  • a powder is preferably used which contains 45-75% by weight of rhenium, 25-55% by weight of chromium and 0.05-5% by weight of at least one element from the group consisting of scandium, cerium and praseodymium.
  • the powder contains at least one of the following elements: magnesium with a maximum of 5% by weight, carbon with a maximum of 0.5% by weight and aluminum with a maximum of 8% by weight.
  • Parts with a high machining ratio such as lattice blades or large engines and large engine components, can be manufactured cost-effectively.
  • the selectively melted starting material undergoes rapid cooling in the process so that segregation, as occurs in casting processes, is prevented. This leads to better material properties.
  • Raw materials such as metal powders shown in chemical precipitation reactions, can be processed directly.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic overview of an apparatus for the direct construction of components made of high temperature metals and in particular of high temperature metal alloys.
  • FIG. 2 shows a sequence of images for illustrating the method principle
  • FIG. and 3 is a perspective view of a detail of the apparatus of FIG .. 1
  • a generally designated by reference numeral 10 device for carrying out the method according to the invention is shown schematically.
  • the method according to the invention will be described below by way of example with reference to an electron beam sintering method.
  • the apparatus 10 includes an electron gun 12 configured to direct an electron beam 14, controlled by a controller 16, such as a computer, to any predefined positions of a powder bed 18. This is indicated here by a schematically illustrated movement mechanism 20, which is the
  • Electron beam generating device 12 in both horizontal directions - x-direction and y-direction - can move.
  • the movement mechanism 20 is shown only as an example.
  • a scanning of the electron beam 14 over the entire surface of a parts platform 22, on which a component 24 is to be produced, can also be carried out, for example, advantageously by known electron beam optics with a fixed beam generating device. These techniques are known and will not be discussed further here.
  • the powder bed 18 is formed by the part platform 22, which is movable in the z-direction by the controller 16 controlled by a motor 26, and by a frame 28 in which the part platform 22 is guided so that in the frame 28 above the parts platform a loose powder 30 is received.
  • a coating device 32 is provided, which can be moved over the powder bed 18 in order to apply a new layer of powder 30.
  • the powder bed 18 with the coating device 32 is located in a space 34, which can be evacuated and / or via a supply line 36 with valve 40 with certain gas atmospheres, for example, with an argon / helium atmosphere, can be filled.
  • the vorerläuterten actuators of the device 10 are controlled by the controller 16 based on data for the construction of the component 24.
  • the data is provided by a CAD system 42 as 3D CAD data of the component 24 to be manufactured.
  • a direct structure of the component 24 can be carried out with the desired final contour, wherein the component 24 is constructed layer by layer or layer by layer.
  • the resulting material is built up in layers on the parts platform 22, so as to build a component 24 with the desired final contour.
  • the component 24 is generated step by step in the powder bed 18.
  • the data control the electron beam 14 along the component cross-section.
  • Layer by layer the processing takes place by a certain thickness, for example by a thickness of 0.02 to 0.2 mm.
  • the part platform 22 is lowered by the motor 26.
  • the coating device 32 travels over the powder bed 18 and provides a quantity of powder for a further layer.
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the powder bed 18 with the layered structure of a region of the component 24. As shown, the component cross section is scanned in one layer by methods in the x-direction and in the overlying layer by a method in the y-direction ,
  • the diameter of the electron beam 14 is illustrated.
  • the scanning is performed such that the individual scanning tracks 55 overlap by a certain amount 54.
  • Reference numeral 56 denotes the thickness of the individual layers 58.
  • the Abtastspuren run in mutually adjacent layers 58 crosswise to each other, d. H. in a layer is a sampling z. B. in the x direction, in the following in the y direction, in the third layer then again in the x direction, u.s.w.
  • the process When an electron beam is used as the heat source, the process typically occurs under vacuum. With the electron beam 14, metals with high melting points are very easy to process. It is possible to generate higher process temperatures and / or higher component temperatures than with a laser. If the process is carried out with the aid of a laser, work is typically carried out in an argon and / or helium atmosphere.
  • components of a chromium-rhenium alloy can be produced very well, the chromium content being, for example, 35% by weight and the rhenium content, for example, 65% by weight.
  • components are made of alloys, as they are explained in DE 103 40 132 A1 closer. Reference is made expressly to DE 103 40 132 A1 for further details of the composition of these alloys as well as advantageous uses of the components 24 produced therewith.
  • high-temperature components produced according to the invention are those which consist of tantalum-tungsten alloys or molybdenum-rhenium alloys. It is particularly advantageous if the melting above 2000 0 C component is at least 40 wt .-%.
  • the manufacturing method shown here for producing components 24 from high-temperature metals or high-temperature metal alloys has a number of advantages.
  • the components 24 can be produced very quickly compared to previous manufacturing methods for such components.
  • Particularly large components 24 were previously only limited production, since they were cast only conditionally. With the manufacturing process shown here, components with a size up to about DINA4 can be manufactured according to the plant development. The material consumption can ultimately be minimized. Especially with the very expensive materials to be used here, a substantial saving can be achieved.
  • the dispersoids are distributed very homogeneously.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour fabriquer des composants, notamment pour des applications à haute température, à partir d'un matériau contenant au moins un métal ayant un point de fusion supérieur à 2000 °C. Pour ce faire, on fait fondre sélectivement une poudre contenant les matières premières du matériau souhaité et on la laisse ensuite refroidir, le composant étant mis en forme par couches avec le contour final souhaité, de préférence par frittage à l'aide d'un faisceau électronique.
PCT/EP2008/053946 2007-04-16 2008-04-02 Procédé de fabrication de composants haute température et composant ainsi fabriqué Ceased WO2008125497A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007018126A DE102007018126A1 (de) 2007-04-16 2007-04-16 Herstellverfahren für Hochtemperaturbauteile sowie damit hergestelltes Bauteil
DE1020070018126.6 2007-04-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008125497A1 true WO2008125497A1 (fr) 2008-10-23

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Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102007018126A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008125497A1 (fr)

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DE102010046467A1 (de) 2010-09-24 2012-03-29 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Herstellen, Reparieren und/oder Austauschen eines Bauteils mittels eines durch Energiestrahlung verfestigbaren Pulvers, sowie ein Verfahren und ein gemäß dem Verfahren hergestellten Bauteils
EP2703767A2 (fr) 2012-08-30 2014-03-05 EADS Deutschland GmbH Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau composite pour un blindage et blindage
DE102013010771A1 (de) 2013-04-22 2014-10-23 Airbus Defence and Space GmbH Schutzvorrichtung für generative Fertigungsverfahren, damit versehene Fertigungsvorrichtung sowie damit durchführbares generatives Fertigungsverfahren
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US9950367B2 (en) 2014-04-02 2018-04-24 Arcam Ab Apparatus, method, and computer program product for fusing a workpiece
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DE102018104887A1 (de) 2018-03-05 2019-09-05 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Drehstabfeder und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Drehstabfeder für einen Wankstabilisator
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US11325191B2 (en) 2016-05-24 2022-05-10 Arcam Ab Method for additive manufacturing
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