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WO2008119748A1 - Procédé de commande d'une tête de contrôle multiéléments d'un dispositif permettant le contrôle par ultrasons d'un élément à contrôler vivant ou non et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de commande d'une tête de contrôle multiéléments d'un dispositif permettant le contrôle par ultrasons d'un élément à contrôler vivant ou non et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008119748A1
WO2008119748A1 PCT/EP2008/053690 EP2008053690W WO2008119748A1 WO 2008119748 A1 WO2008119748 A1 WO 2008119748A1 EP 2008053690 W EP2008053690 W EP 2008053690W WO 2008119748 A1 WO2008119748 A1 WO 2008119748A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
subset
ultrasound
amplitude
transmitters
ultrasonic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2008/053690
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wolf-Dietrich Kleinert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baker Hughes Digital Solutions GmbH
Original Assignee
GE Inspection Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GE Inspection Technologies GmbH filed Critical GE Inspection Technologies GmbH
Publication of WO2008119748A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008119748A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
    • G10K11/34—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using electrical steering of transducer arrays, e.g. beam steering
    • G10K11/341—Circuits therefor
    • G10K11/348—Circuits therefor using amplitude variation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
    • G01N29/262—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by electronic orientation or focusing, e.g. with phased arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/34—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/346—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor with amplitude characteristics, e.g. modulated signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
    • G01N2291/106—Number of transducers one or more transducer arrays

Definitions

  • the present invention is a method for controlling an array probe of a device for non-destructive ultrasonic testing of a specimen, and a device for non-destructive ultrasonic testing of a specimen, which is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the invention particularly relates to the field of material testing by means of ultrasound and here to the improvement of the lateral resolution of an array probe.
  • the invention can furthermore be used in the field of investigation of animated and inanimate biological samples by means of ultrasound, in particular for medical diagnostics. The invention will be explained below using the example of material testing by means of ultrasound.
  • An array probe is basically a single transducer that is divided into many individual elements. Typical element widths range from 0.5 mm to approx. 2.5 mm, other dimensions are also possible.
  • the term array also includes so-called ring phased arrays, ie round oscillators or elements which are divided into concentrically shaped individual elements.
  • phased array probes excite the individual elements at different times, whereby a wavefront is generated, which is characterized by mutually delayed einstrahlende sound lobes.
  • This wavefront looks like the sound field of a conventional angle probe.
  • the delay times By varying the delay times, different sound fields can be generated; in particular, the insonification angle of the sound field within the sound beam characteristic of the individual oscillator can be set practically as desired.
  • the entire sound field can thus be “swiveled.”
  • the use of a phased array test head thus makes possible an angle scan with a stationary test head.
  • phased array probes In addition to sound beam tilting, phased array probes also allow dynamic focusing of the sound beam. This is achieved by an electronic unit that allows control of the individual elements and at the same time can cause pulse delays. In principle, a focal point is driven through the test specimen. The combination of dynamic focusing and beam oscillation causes a beam of sound that is simultaneously focused and incident at an angle, whereby the depth of the focal point in the specimen and the insonification angle can be adjusted specifically.
  • the test is performed in most cases with the pulse-echo technique.
  • the probe preferably emits ultrasonic pulses periodically, which are coupled into the test specimen.
  • a receiver e.g., the probe itself in the case of perpendicular sound
  • the echo signals originate from the test object and in particular from a rear wall of the workpiece.
  • the test method is suitable for workpieces whose coupling surface is substantially parallel to the rear wall, so that it comes to the formation of several outgoing and longitudinal courses of the ultrasonic pulse in the workpiece.
  • "echoes" essentially only originate from edges or defects of the test object.
  • the resolution of the technique is essentially limited to the size of the individual phased array probe.
  • the invention is based, which has set itself the task of specifying a method which involves shifting a sound field enclosed by a phased array test head into a live or inanimate test specimen with a fixed test head by fractions of the size of the individual oscillators used Array probe allowed. It is another object of the present invention to provide a device for ultrasonic testing of a live or inanimate test specimen by means of a Ultraschallprüfkopfs, which allows the aforementioned electronic displacement of the phased array probe into the test specimen ultrasonic field.
  • the inventive method is based on the finding that in addition to the relative phase position of the ultrasonic pulses generated by the individual elements of a phased array probe and their relative amplitude has an impact on the total resulting sound field.
  • the sound field which is collimated by a total of, for example, eight individual oscillators of a linear array into a test head, can be electronically displaced by fractions of the dimensions of a single oscillator along the array
  • the totality of the eight individual oscillators is divided into groups of four adjoining individual oscillators and a targeted reduction or increase in the amplitude of the ultrasound pulses emitted by the individual oscillators of the individual groups.
  • the amplitude of the ultrasound pulses emitted by the first group of individual oscillators is increased by a substantially equal amount, for example 10%, compared to the mean amplitude of the ultrasound pulses emitted by all the individual oscillators.
  • the amplitude of the second group is lowered by a substantially equal amount to the average. This results in a shift of the maximum of the resulting in the superposition of the emitted from the individual oscillators of the array ultrasonic pulses sound field by an amount corresponding to a fraction of the structure size of a single oscillator. At the same time a slight deformation of the resulting from the superposition of the individual pulses sound field occurs, but in practice is not usually relevant.
  • the method according to the invention relates to the activation of an array probe of a device for ultrasound testing of an animated or inanimate test object, via which the array test head comprises a plurality N of individually controllable ultrasound transmitters.
  • the method comprises the following method steps:
  • the subset M may comprise in particular all the individually controllable ultrasonic transmitters of the array test head, or else only a subset of this total number.
  • the subset M advantageously comprises an even number of individually controllable ultrasound transmitters, but this is not absolutely necessary.
  • a subset M can also comprise only two individually controllable ultrasound transmitters.
  • subset M can also be subdivided into more than just two subsets.
  • the subset M can be divided into so many subsets U that each subset U comprises only a single controllable ultrasonic transmitter.
  • the inventive method allows controlled by a plurality of individually controllable ultrasound transmitters sound field electronically controlled by an amount smaller than the dimensions of a single controllable ultrasonic transmitter, which is a single element of an array - Probe may be, wherein the displacement is substantially independent of the depth of the sound field in the device under test.
  • the probe elements are referred to as ultrasonic transmitters.
  • all ultrasound transmitters with the same amplitude Al encompassed by the subset Ul and all the ultrasound transmitters encompassed by the subset U2 are actuated with the same amplitude A2.
  • This embodiment of the method according to the invention allows a particularly simple design of the control electronics for the array probe.
  • the ultrasound transmitters included in a subset U1 are not driven with a substantially constant amplitude, rather they are driven with different amplitudes. It is inventively provided that in the second subset U2 to each ultrasonic transmitter of the first subset a complementary ultrasonic transmitter is provided in the second subset U2, wherein in each pairing of the ultrasonic transmitter is that the average of the amplitude of the ultrasonic transmitter from the subset of Ul and the amplitude of the complementary ultrasound transmitter from the subset U2 is just equal to the mean value of the amplitudes of all the ultrasound transmitters 0A contained in the subset U. ,
  • the method steps c) and d) are preferably repeated, wherein the amplitudes A1 and A2 are changed between the individual passes.
  • the maximum of the sound field can be shifted in a controlled manner along the longitudinal axis of the phased array probe.
  • the evaluation of the resulting ultrasound echo signals is particularly simple in this case if, during the individual passes, the mean amplitude value 0 A is kept essentially constant over all ultrasound transmitters contained in the subset M.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used with the methods for dynamic focusing established from the field of phased array ultrasonic probes, for the stepwise displacement of the sound field across the width of an individually controllable ultrasound transmitter and for blurring. ken of the sound bundle.
  • the sound field which is generated by the ultrasound transmitters of the amount of sound M, usually be impressed by phase-shifted control of individually controllable ultrasound transmitters focus.
  • the exact position of the focus in the specimen can be adjusted by varying the phase shift between the individually controlled ultrasound transmitters.
  • the inventive method for example, to accurately determine the error size of an error in a device under test, one will usually combine the prior art prior art test methods, which are based on the use of a phased array probe, with the inventive method.
  • a focused ultrasound field will be incrementally translated along the array until the intensity of the error found is maximum. After the error is roughly localized in this way, then the scanning method according to the invention for highly accurate determination of the size of the error is applied.
  • pivoting of the focused ultrasound beam is of course also possible in order to allow for errors whose main direction of reflection is not perpendicular to the coupling surface of the device under test, to maximize the error signal by searching that insonification angle below which the reflectivity maximum error.
  • the previously known from the prior art array probes are suitable for the inventive device, comprising a plurality N individually controllable ultrasonic transmitter. In particular, both linear and areal stretched array probes suitable.
  • the corresponding design of the control electronics for the array test head can be hardware implemented. In the majority of applications, however, the control electronics of the array probe will work digitally and the method according to the invention will be implemented by executing a software program on the digital control electronics.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention for non-destructive ultrasonic testing of a test specimen with an array probe
  • Sound pressure amplitude signal along the longitudinal axis X of the test head array to indicate the position of the sound pressure maximum.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a device according to the invention for non-destructive ultrasonic testing of a test object.
  • the device comprises an array test head 10, which is placed on a test surface of a test object 100 in the illustration of FIG.
  • the control electronics 20 include, among other things, a display 25 for the graphic representation of the ultrasonic signals received by the array test head 10 as well as various operating elements 30 for operating the ultrasonic testing device.
  • this group extends along the longitudinal axis of the array probe 10, the direction of which is marked X in FIG.
  • the direction Z extends into the test piece 100, along which the depth, for example, of the focus or defect in the test piece 100 can be indicated.
  • the subset M in turn is now subdivided into two equal subsets Ul and U2, the ultrasound transmitters 15, which are assigned to a subgroup U1 or U2, each adjoining each other directly.
  • the ultrasonic transmitters 15 of the subgroups U1 and U2 are arranged symmetrically about the Z axis.
  • the control electronics 20 of the device according to FIG. 1 are now configured to carry out the method according to the invention in a preferred embodiment.
  • the ultrasound transmitters 15 of the first subgroup U1 are actuated with a first uniform amplitude A1 and the ultrasound transmitters 15 of the second subgroup U2 with a second uniform amplitude A2.
  • the average amplitude over all ultrasound transmitters 15 of subset M is given by 0A.
  • the amplitude Al is lowered by an amount ⁇ A / 2 with respect to 0A, the amplitude A2 is increased by 0A by the amount ⁇ A / 2. Overall, this results in an amplitude difference of ⁇ A between the ultrasound transmitters 15 of the first subgroup U1 and the ultrasound transmitters 15 of the second subgroup U2.
  • the starting point of the beam shift is an activation of U1 and U2, each with 0A. This sound beam centered over the geometric center of the subset of the M ultrasound transmitters 15 is displaced by the method according to the invention.
  • a maximum of the sound field is formed, which is generated by the subset M of the ultrasonic transmitter.
  • the position of the maximum of this sound field corresponds to the zero crossing of the first derivative of the sound pressure of the sound field along the longitudinal axis X of the array probe 10.
  • Figure 2 the course of the first derivative of the amplitude signal of the resulting sound field along the longitudinal axis X of the strigkopf- Arrays 10 shown for different amplitude differences .DELTA.A. Values for ⁇ A between 0% and 80% of the mean amplitude 0A were chosen.
  • the unit for the abscissa is selected to be 1/10 of the width of an individually controllable ultrasonic transmitter 15 ("dot pitch").
  • FIG. 3 shows the resulting shift of the amplitude maximum as a function of the amplitude difference ⁇ A.
  • the strictly monotonous dependence of the resulting shift of the amplitude maximum as a function of the amplitude difference ⁇ A can also be read from the illustration in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 shows that the resulting displacement of the maximum amplitude is already only in the range of fractions of the width of an individually controllable ultrasonic transmitter 15, even though the amplitude differences ⁇ A are quite high.
  • FIG. 4 shows the position of the resulting amplitude maximum of the sound field of all ultrasonic transmitters 15 of subset M as a function of depth Z in specimen 100 for a given fixed amplitude difference ⁇ A be that the position of the amplitude maximum is practically independent of the depth Z in the test piece 100.
  • the method according to the invention actually essentially causes only a displacement of the sound field by fractions of an ultrasonic transmitter width (in addition to the already mentioned slight deformation of the ultrasonic field) and practically causes no tilting of the ultrasonic field against the Z axis.
  • this controlled shift of the ultrasound field can be combined by means of the method according to the invention along the longitudinal axis X of the ultrasound array 10 with a pivoting of the ultrasound field by a controlled angle by the relative phase of the ultrasound transmitter 15 of the subset M is selectively controlled.
  • the specific shape of the sound field generated by subset M of ultrasound transmitter 15, in particular the position and the size of a focusing focus, can also be controlled by suitable phase control of ultrasound transmitters 15 of subset M.
  • the selection of a subset M of the totality N of the ultrasonic transmitters 15 of the array test head 10 is not necessarily required in the context of the method according to the invention. Rather, the method can also be carried out in such a way that always all the ultrasonic transmitters 15 of the array test head 10 are used for the method according to the invention.
  • the division of the totality N of the ultrasonic transmitter 15 of the array probe 10 can be fixed in the context of the method according to the invention, for example, if always one half of the ultrasonic transmitter 15 is combined to form a subgroup U1 and the second half ultrasound transmitter 15 to the second subgroup U2.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de commande d'une tête de contrôle multiéléments (10) d'un dispositif (1) permettant le contrôle par ultrasons d'un élément à contrôler vivant ou non, la tête de contrôle multiéléments comportant une pluralité (N) d'émetteurs d'ultrasons (15) à commande individuelle. Le procédé consiste a. à sélectionner un ensemble (M) de plusieurs émetteurs d'ultrasons (15) à commande individuelle de ladite pluralité (N), b. à diviser cet ensemble (M) en au moins deux sous-ensembles (U1 et U2), c. à commander les émetteurs d'ultrasons (15) englobés dans le sous-ensemble (U1) avec une amplitude (A1) supérieure à la valeur moyenne d'amplitude (FA) de tous les émetteurs d'ultrasons (15) contenus dans l'ensemble (M) et d. à commander les émetteurs d'ultrasons (15) englobés dans le sous-ensemble (U2) avec une amplitude (A2) inférieure à la valeur moyenne d'amplitude (FA) de tous les émetteurs d'ultrasons (15) contenus dans l'ensemble (M). L'invention concerne également un dispositif permettant la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé.
PCT/EP2008/053690 2007-03-30 2008-03-27 Procédé de commande d'une tête de contrôle multiéléments d'un dispositif permettant le contrôle par ultrasons d'un élément à contrôler vivant ou non et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé Ceased WO2008119748A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007015746.2 2007-03-30
DE200710015746 DE102007015746A1 (de) 2007-03-30 2007-03-30 Verfahren zur Ansteuerung eines Array-Prüfkopfs einer Vorrichtung zur Ultraschallprüfung eines belebten oder unbelebten Prüflings sowie Vorrichtung zur Ausführung des Verfahrens

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008119748A1 true WO2008119748A1 (fr) 2008-10-09

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DE (1) DE102007015746A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008119748A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008027384A1 (de) * 2008-06-09 2009-12-10 Ge Inspection Technologies Gmbh Verbesserte zerstörungsfreie Ultraschalluntersuchung mit Kopplungskontrolle
DE102014103945A1 (de) 2014-03-21 2015-09-24 Ge Sensing & Inspection Technologies Gmbh Vorrichtung zur zerstörungsfreien Ultraschallprüfung von Werkstücken mit einer verbesserten Handhabbarkeit sowie Verfahren hierzu
DE102018205227B4 (de) * 2018-04-06 2020-01-23 Skz-Kfe Ggmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Prüfung eines Stoffs sowie Extruder mit einer derartigen Vorrichtung

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DE2901231A1 (de) * 1979-01-13 1980-07-17 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Pruefkopftyp zur zerstoerungsfreien werkstoffpruefung
EP0210624A2 (fr) * 1985-07-29 1987-02-04 Advanced Technology Laboratories, Inc. Formation de voies ultrasoniques multiples à haute résolution

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US5172343A (en) * 1991-12-06 1992-12-15 General Electric Company Aberration correction using beam data from a phased array ultrasonic scanner
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US5910115A (en) * 1997-09-22 1999-06-08 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for coherence filtering of ultrasound images
US6685645B1 (en) * 2001-10-20 2004-02-03 Zonare Medical Systems, Inc. Broad-beam imaging

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2901231A1 (de) * 1979-01-13 1980-07-17 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Pruefkopftyp zur zerstoerungsfreien werkstoffpruefung
EP0210624A2 (fr) * 1985-07-29 1987-02-04 Advanced Technology Laboratories, Inc. Formation de voies ultrasoniques multiples à haute résolution

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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Title
FRAZIER CATHERINE H ET AL: "Analysis of resolution for an amplitude-steered array", JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, AIP / ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MELVILLE, NY, US, vol. 107, no. 5, 1 May 2000 (2000-05-01), pages 2430 - 2436, XP012001665, ISSN: 0001-4966 *
HUGHES W J ET AL: "Tilted directional response patterns formed by amplitude weighting and a single 90[deg.] phase shift", JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA USA, vol. 59, no. 5, May 1976 (1976-05-01), pages 1040 - 1045, XP002488279, ISSN: 0001-4966 *

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