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WO2008116234A1 - Dispositif pour réapprendre la sensibilité - Google Patents

Dispositif pour réapprendre la sensibilité Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008116234A1
WO2008116234A1 PCT/AT2007/000143 AT2007000143W WO2008116234A1 WO 2008116234 A1 WO2008116234 A1 WO 2008116234A1 AT 2007000143 W AT2007000143 W AT 2007000143W WO 2008116234 A1 WO2008116234 A1 WO 2008116234A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
visual
pressure
sensor
producing unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AT2007/000143
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Schmidhammer
Heinz Redl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to PCT/AT2007/000143 priority Critical patent/WO2008116234A1/fr
Publication of WO2008116234A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008116234A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/683—Means for maintaining contact with the body
    • A61B5/6838—Clamps or clips
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/40—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the nervous system
    • A61B5/4029—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the nervous system for evaluating the peripheral nervous systems
    • A61B5/4041—Evaluating nerves condition
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
    • A61B5/486—Biofeedback
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
    • A61B5/6825—Hand
    • A61B5/6826—Finger
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
    • A61B5/6829—Foot or ankle
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
    • A61B2562/0247—Pressure sensors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2002/5058—Prostheses not implantable in the body having means for restoring the perception of senses
    • A61F2002/5061—Prostheses not implantable in the body having means for restoring the perception of senses the sense of touch
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/68—Operating or control means
    • A61F2002/6827—Feedback system for providing user sensation, e.g. by force, contact or position

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for re-learning sensitivity.
  • the brain is a complex neural network which continuously remodels itself as a result of changes in sensory input. Plasticity can generally be defined as the capability of being moulded. Such synaptic reorganizing changes may be activity-dependent, based on alterations in activity and tactile experience, or a result of de-afferentiation. Recent brain imaging techniques have demonstrated that functional synaptic reorganisation in brain cortex can commence within seconds and continue for a very long time. For instance, extensive use of the hand may result in enlargement of the corresponding projectional areas in the brain.
  • Nerve transection and repair leads to a very significant functional reorganisation in the corresponding cortical areas as a result of de-afferentiation in a first stage and misdirection of outgrowing axons and aberrant innervation of peripheral skin area in a second stage.
  • Plasticity can be induced by changes in activity levels transmitted from peripheral nerves to the cortex. It appears that plasticity processes adapt in accordance with changes in sensitivity.
  • Severe transection or crush injuries in the arm or hand usually include lesions of one or several nerve trunks. For instance r transection of the median nerve at the forearm region results in total sensory loss within the major part of the hand. Such an injury results in major disability since hand function is very much impaired due to the sensory loss. Following surgical repair of the nerve, axon sprouts grow into the distal nerve stump, advancing distally very slowly. Misorientation of axons and incomplete re-innervation of sensory organs often lead to a hand being permanently impaired. After repair of nerve trunks at wrist level, about six months are required to regain useful sensory recovery in the hand.
  • a large number of neurological diseases e.g., polyneuropathies result in impaired sensibility or total sensory loss function, especially in the hand.
  • Impaired sensibility can be a problem also in stroke.
  • Such a device is, however, not suitable for re-learning sensory action, e.g. after nerve repair or neurological diseases.
  • the devices according to the prior art do not allow the patient to distinguish between the mere "contact" of the body part to a given surface and the active pressing or other action of the body part to the sensors.
  • the devices according to the prior art are not adapted or adaptable to the specific body parts for which a lost or impaired sensibility should be re-learned.
  • the present invention relates to a device for re- learning sensitivity, comprising
  • said audio signal producing unit and said visual signal producing unit being designed for receiving contact and pressure signals from the sensor (s) and for producing audio signals and visual signals in correlation with said contact and pressure signals.
  • the device according to the present invention is optimally adapted for re-learning sensory action, especially after nerve repair or neurological diseases.
  • the device according to the present invention distinguishes between the contact of the body part to the sensor and the degree of pressing (or any other action of the patient's body part) the sensor.
  • the device according to the present invention can be ergonomically adapted to the body part to be trained, e.g. the hand, foot, arm, leg or artificial hands, feet, etc.
  • the sensors are attached on a surface preshaped in the ergonomically optimal manner.
  • the sensors are attached to " a soft and mouldable material. Any surface or form needed can be shaped from the soft and mouldable material which is specifically suitable to the individual patient. It is also possible to quickly switch the device from a "left hand” to a ⁇ right hand” device (by re-moulding) or even to quickly switch from a hand-measuring device (hand-re-learning device) to a device suitable for measuring (or re-learning) feet sensibility.
  • the soft and mouldable material according to the present invention can have a memory effect or not.
  • the product "Rolian Knetmasse” Orthofit (AT)
  • AT Orderofit
  • the sensors according to the present invention are a combination of touch and pressure sensitive sensors (e.g. for touch 1 QMat- rix devices are digital charge-transfer (QT) ICs designed to - - detect touch using a scanned, passive matrix of electrode sets to achieve a large number of touch keys driven by a single chip and for pressure a standard transducer > 0.1 g sensitivity, for example Quantum QPROX.COM, QDMlIO, etc.).
  • QT digital charge-transfer
  • the audio signal producing unit and the visual-signal producing unit are combined in a single audio and visual signal producing unit in the device according to the present invention.
  • At least one of the audio signal producing unit and the visual signal producing unit can be combined with the sensor (s) so that the signals can immediately be generated at the place where the measurement takes place, so that the signal can easily be correlated by the patient to the local action of the body part with lost or reduced sensitivity.
  • the sensors and the audio signal producing unit and the visual signal producing unit can be connected to other parts of the device with cables or with radio signals (or other non-cable data transfer tools, such as infrared, blue-ray, etc.) for allowing signal/data transfer and/or energy supply.
  • the soft and mouldable material comprising one or more sensors is preferably designed for receiving a human hand.
  • the soft and mouldable material comprises 5 sensors for 5 finger tips of said human hand.
  • each of the patient's fingers on one hand is placed on one sensor and each of the fingers can then be trained independently.
  • Such a device can also be used for diagnosing specific losses or disabilities in each of the patient's fingers and for monitoring the clinical development of such a state.
  • the audio-signal producing unit preferably creates a sound which makes the patient feel comfortable or does at least not make the patient anxious or frightened or does not otherwise interfere with contact/pressure measurement on the sensors.
  • the audio-signal producing unit comprises an electronic impedance-device controlled by a MIDI-Sequencer .
  • MIDI-Sequencer a MIDI-Sequencer
  • sequencers can be used to create suitable sounds, also taking a patient's individual requirements and needs into account.
  • the visual-signal producing unit can be designed very simply (onset of an optical signal, such as a light), e.g. so as to comprise light-emitting diodes (LEDs) .
  • the LEDs can be placed at the sensors (or close to the sensors) so that the patient can associate the active LED (as a signal for successful pressure over a given threshold at a specific sensor) to the limb (e.g. the finger) which has created the pressure signal.
  • the device has at least two different LEDs (in two different colours or light intensity, pattern) ; one for the "contact” signal and one other for the "pressure” signal.
  • the visual signal producing unit may comprise more sophisticated instruments, for example a monitor, preferably a flat screen monitor.
  • These signals can be produced by computer animation, for example by displaying the body part of interest onto which the device according to the present invention is applied, preferably correlating the contact/pressure signal with the display of the body part on the monitor.
  • the visual signal producing unit In order to show the pressure signal to the patient in a way allowing the patient to immediately associate the pressure signal to the body part of interest (e.g. a given finger), it can be advantageous to place the visual signal producing unit into the sensor (being then integrated into the sensor) or to place it in (close) vicinity to the sensor.
  • the maximum distance between the sensor and the visual-signal producing unit should be the maximum distance which still allows the association of the signal to the body part tested (e.g. the finger).
  • the visual-signal producing unit comprises, e.g. an LED, the LED should be placed close to the finger so as to allow to distinguish between a signal produced by one finger and the signal produced by the neighbor finger.
  • One of the major advantages of the present invention is that the signals created by the device for sense substitution are detectable by the patient in a three-dimensional (3D) manner. Minimal touch at the affected (loss of sensibility) body part can be transformed into 3D-detectable acoustic and/or visual signals, especially at (or close to) the site of lost sensation. These audio-visual signals produced by the device according to the present invention make even minimal touch and change of pressure perceptible.
  • the present device for enhanced sensory re-learning produces 3D- detectable audio-visual signals for protection of corresponding cerebral sensory processing areas and the augmentation of cognitive memory (visual and acoustic sensory memory) and cognitive function. This results in functional improvement of the affected body region due to an improvement of cerebral plasticity processes.
  • the use of the device according to the present invention should be started as soon as possible after nerve repair or in disease to protect sensory processing regions of the central nervous system and to improve cerebral plasticity processes.
  • the device according to the present invention creates virtual sensibility by the production of 3D detectable audio-visual signals due to minimal touch at the affected site, thus protecting sensory cerebral areas and improving cerebral plasticity processes.
  • the present invention relates to the principle of virtual sensibility by sense substitution in a three-dimensional way. Therefore, lost sensibility due to nerve injuries or any other type of lesion or illness, which results in sensory loss or sensory impairment in the hand, parts of the hand, the foot or some other body part is substituted in a three-dimensional manner at the affected site (lost sensibility) , using the device according to the present invention.
  • the patient can "feel" due to 3D-detectable audio-visual signals and can utilize the hearing and visual sense to register and identify a surface which is touched slightly. In a similar way the patient can be made sensitive to changes in pressure.
  • Virtual sensibility is a principle where lost or impaired sensibility is replaced by an alternative system for sensory feedback.
  • Virtual sensibility is created according to the present invention by the use of the aforementioned device producing 3D- detectable audio-visual signals.
  • the goal of the invention to produce 3D-detectable audio-visual signals is achieved by: 1) Detection of a sensory stimuli, especially minimal touch at the site of sensory lacking, due to differentiation between a mere "contact" signal and a signal created by an active pressure by the patient;
  • the sounds of the signals have a pleasant type, avoiding fleeing reflexes or dysesthesia.
  • the present invention also refers to a method for measuring contact and pressure at a sensor using the device according to the present invention, wherein a patient contacts the sensor of the device, whereby the device creates a visual and/or an acoustic signal (contact signal) ; then allowing the patient to increase the pressure onto the sensor; if the pressure onto the sensor increases over a predetermined minimal pressure level, the device creates a (further) visual and/or (preferably) a further acoustic signal (pressure signal) which is different from the contact signal.
  • a patient contacts the sensor of the device, whereby the device creates a visual and/or an acoustic signal (contact signal) ; then allowing the patient to increase the pressure onto the sensor; if the pressure onto the sensor increases over a predetermined minimal pressure level, the device creates a (further) visual and/or (preferably) a further acoustic signal (pressure signal) which is different from the contact signal.
  • the contact without pressure touch is the touch at the sensor without any "pressure” from the patient.
  • the "pressure” signal is the signal produced by active pressing with, e.g., a finger.
  • the pressure signal can, e.g. for fingers, be adjusted to be between 5 and 100 g, especially between 10 and 50 g, e.g. at 10 g, 20 g, 50 g or 100 g.
  • the contact signal can be a LED with one coulor and a specific sound signal and the pressure signal can be the activation of an LED, preferably combined with a change in sound signal (e.g. silence or a different tone height, a different sound, a different tempo or rhythm or a combination of these sound effects).
  • the contact signal can also be a visual signal _ _
  • the present device therefore is only transmitting changes in pressure onto the sensors, but not movements on the sensors.
  • the signals are created close to the body part of interest, i.e. the body part affected by lost or impaired sensitivity. Therefore, it is preferred that the visual and/or acoustic signal is created at the sensor or within a short distance to the sensor.
  • the visual contact signal differs from the visual pressure signal in colour, brightness and/or flashing pattern. It is further preferred that the audio contact signal differs from the audio pressure signal in tone height, sound and/or rhythm.
  • the visual or audio signal is different for different sensors. This is especially the case where sensitivity in a patient's hand has to be improved or measured. This is preferably done by measuring each of the fingers independently, at least thumb, index and middle finger. Therefore, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the patient contacts five sensors of the device with the five fingers on one hand. Preferably, each of the visual and/or the acoustic signal of the five sensors is different from each other. In this embodiment it is specifically preferred to create the visual and/or the acoustic signal of the five sensors at the sensor or within a short distance to the finger on the sensor.
  • the device according to the present invention creates a visual contact signal, preferably combined with an acoustic contact signal and a visual pressure signal (being, of course, different from the contact signal) , preferably combined with an acoustic pressure signal.
  • a visual contact signal preferably combined with an acoustic contact signal and a visual pressure signal (being, of course, different from the contact signal)
  • a visual pressure signal being, of course, different from the contact signal
  • more than one pressure signal is produced, correlating to different levels of pressure. This allows measuring (and "feeling" by the audio-visual signal of) different pressures, depending on the patient's ability to use the body part being affected by the loss or reduction of sensibility.
  • two or three different "pressure" signals can be provided, each correlating to different pressure thresholds or continuous change.
  • the signal for the highest pressure level can be at a pressure level possible (or "normal") for a healthy person without reduced sensitivity (e.g. about 5 kg).
  • the course of the re-learning process can be monitored in an even more precise way, showing the improvements of the sensitivity in an even more detailed manner.
  • the pressure signal can also be monitored by four or more "pressure" levels or even by a continuously responding signal (for example a continuous rise in sound volume or tone height upon continuous increase of pressure; i.e. a given pressure corresponds to a given sound volume or tone height; or a given pressure corresponds to a given colour or (colour or light) intensity) .
  • the present invention is specifically used for patients suffering from a loss or reduction of sensitivity of a specific body part, especially in the hand or fingers.
  • the invention is preferably used for patients suffering from nerve injuries or neurological diseases, amputation patients (suffering from phantom sensations or phantom pains) or stroke patients. Such patients can be diagnosed, monitored and trained with the device according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows the device according to the present invention adapted to re-learning sensitivity after nerve repair/disease by a "3D Virtual Sensibility Device” (“VSD”) with 5 sensors with LED signals for each of the patient's five fingers on one hand. The sound is created by an audio-signal creating unit in vicinity of the patient's hand.
  • VSD Virtual Sensibility Device
  • This device is referred to as ⁇ 3D Virtual Sensibility Device" ("VSD”) .
  • VSD Virtual Sensibility Device
  • the VSD allows enhanced sensory re-learning after nerve repair/disease by 3D detectable audio-visual signals .
  • the VSD for the hand has five sensors for each finger tip of the hand.
  • the sensors are stacked on a soft and mouldable material that does not harden according to the anatomical and postoperative situation of the patient's hand or are connected directly at the patent's fingers.
  • the sensor is imperative to be touched by the patient.
  • the sensors are connected to an amplifier unit that produces an audio signal just in front of the patient's hand. Additionally, a visual signal is produced at the sensor changing colour when pressure of the patient's finger tip to the sensor changes. The change of pressure is accompanied by a change of the sound.
  • the principle of three-dimensional detectable audiovisual signals is to be processed in the brain after detection by both eyes and both ears.
  • the important third dimension is created by the fact of distance to two different sensing organs on the right and left side of the body. Additionally, it is important that visual neurons of the brain, which perform integration work of what is seen to corresponding brain regions, have the possibility to percept signals at the site of no or reduced sensibility. In a similar way the audio processing areas should be able to work up these signals, thus stimulating de-afferenti- ated sensory processing brain regions and augment cognitive memory (visual and acoustic sensory memory) and cognitive function. This results in functional improvement of the affected body region due to an improvement of cerebral plasticity processes .
  • the VSD produces parallel visual and audio signals when a minimal touch is applied at the site (body part) with a missing nerve sensory sensation (i.e. by a finger tip).
  • a visual/audio signal is produced at the or within minimal distance of the affected site (body part), i.e. close to the individual finger.
  • a signal dependent on applied pressure is produced, the audio signal differing in height or tone or rhythm, the optical signal differing in colour or brightness or pattern.
  • the VSD can be programmed to produce a specific signal dependent on the site e.g. different colours (e.g. by differently coloured LEDs) /tone (different- sound or height or tone or rhythm) at different fingers.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

L'objet de la présente invention concerne un dispositif pour réapprendre la sensibilité et constitué de : un ou plusieurs capteurs, lesdits capteurs étant sensibles au contact et à la pression, une unité de production d'un signal audio ainsi qu'une unité de production d'un signal visuel, ces deux éléments étant conçus de manière à recevoir les signaux de contact et de pression émis par le(s) capteur(s) et à émettre des signaux audio et visuels en corrélation avec lesdits signaux de contact et de pression.
PCT/AT2007/000143 2007-03-26 2007-03-26 Dispositif pour réapprendre la sensibilité Ceased WO2008116234A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/AT2007/000143 WO2008116234A1 (fr) 2007-03-26 2007-03-26 Dispositif pour réapprendre la sensibilité

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/AT2007/000143 WO2008116234A1 (fr) 2007-03-26 2007-03-26 Dispositif pour réapprendre la sensibilité

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WO2008116234A1 true WO2008116234A1 (fr) 2008-10-02

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220257144A1 (en) * 2010-10-29 2022-08-18 Orpyx Medical Technologies Inc. Peripheral sensory and supersensory replacement system

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5107854A (en) * 1989-05-19 1992-04-28 Boulder Impact Monitors, Inc. Orthopedic limb load monitor
WO1998048740A1 (fr) * 1997-04-29 1998-11-05 Hand Medic Hb Sensibilite artificielle
BE1012153A4 (nl) * 1996-09-27 2000-06-06 Imagination In Motion Belgium Inrichting voor het genereren van een auditief en/of visueel waarneembaar signaal.
WO2001036051A2 (fr) * 1999-11-12 2001-05-25 Andante Medical Devices Ltd. Systeme d'amelioration d'apprentissage moteur permettant une reeducation optimale de troubles neurologiques et de blessures orthopediques

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5107854A (en) * 1989-05-19 1992-04-28 Boulder Impact Monitors, Inc. Orthopedic limb load monitor
BE1012153A4 (nl) * 1996-09-27 2000-06-06 Imagination In Motion Belgium Inrichting voor het genereren van een auditief en/of visueel waarneembaar signaal.
WO1998048740A1 (fr) * 1997-04-29 1998-11-05 Hand Medic Hb Sensibilite artificielle
US20020082710A1 (en) * 1997-04-29 2002-06-27 Goran Lundborg Artificial sensibility
WO2001036051A2 (fr) * 1999-11-12 2001-05-25 Andante Medical Devices Ltd. Systeme d'amelioration d'apprentissage moteur permettant une reeducation optimale de troubles neurologiques et de blessures orthopediques

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220257144A1 (en) * 2010-10-29 2022-08-18 Orpyx Medical Technologies Inc. Peripheral sensory and supersensory replacement system

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