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WO2008110782A1 - Procédé de caractérisation de lentille - Google Patents

Procédé de caractérisation de lentille Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008110782A1
WO2008110782A1 PCT/GB2008/000834 GB2008000834W WO2008110782A1 WO 2008110782 A1 WO2008110782 A1 WO 2008110782A1 GB 2008000834 W GB2008000834 W GB 2008000834W WO 2008110782 A1 WO2008110782 A1 WO 2008110782A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lens
edge
cap
axis
optical
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2008/000834
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English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Joseph Edwards
Frank Urwin
John Meelon
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BIOKINETICS Ltd
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BIOKINETICS Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BIOKINETICS Ltd filed Critical BIOKINETICS Ltd
Publication of WO2008110782A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008110782A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
    • G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
    • G01M11/0221—Testing optical properties by determining the optical axis or position of lenses

Definitions

  • This invention is concerned, in general, with an improved lens characterisation process, in particular a process and apparatus for determining the specific physical characteristics of a lens in a rapid, precise and repeatable manner.
  • Lens characterisation is the process of defining lens characteristics, in particular the relationship between the mechanical (i.e. mass, inertial, geometric) and optical axes, as accurately as possible. It is also important to characterise lenses by the degree to which their surfaces are eccentric, i.e. offset from the mechanical and optical axes, and furthermore provide some indication as tp the discrepancies in the lens surfaces as compared to equivalent geometric or perfectly ellipsoid, spherical, conical or cylindrical surfaces having a certain desired radius of curvature. In a perfectly centred lens, both the mechanical axis and optical axis coincide and are thus perfectly centred, but manufacturing techniques seldom produce perfect lenses (without great and/or prohibitive expense). Consequently, in the assembly of optical instruments with imperfect lens, undesirable beam-steering effects need to be addressed through appropriate orientation and alignment strategies that compensate for the determined offset between the optical and mechanical axes.
  • lens characterisation allows optical equipment manufacturers to set thresholds or tolerances to be met by lens manufacturers, and furthermore lens manufacturers can quickly grade their lenses for different optical equipment manufacturers and for different applications.
  • lens characterisation allows for improved quality control. Very high reliability and accuracy in the assessment and grading of lens is required for mission critical applications, such as weapons, avionics and medical applications. Where complex systems are constructed from multiple lenses it is also highly desirable to be aware of the lens centration characteristics to ensure that overall, the resulting optical instrument is as precise as it can be.
  • the lens characterisation process is capable of achieving an accuracy of +/- 10 ⁇ m on a radius of curvature of 30mm and a lateral lens radius of 30mm.
  • the lens characterisation process is usually conducted using one or both of an optical reflection technique and an optical transmission technique.
  • the lens is manually mounted in an air chuck which is then rotated while shining light continuously onto the surface of the lens.
  • a single autocollimator i.e. a telescope, is arranged to monitor the light projection from the lens to effect monitoring of the optical axis in that lens.
  • Manual manipulation (performed on an iterative basis) of the position of the lens in the air chuck results permits the true optical axis for the lens to be identified, since attainment and observance of a minimised orbit for the light projection corresponds to the optical axis for the lens.
  • a measurement probe is introduced into the system, which probe contacts the edge of the lens.
  • the probe is able to determine the "edge run-out", i.e. the eccentricity of the circumference of the lens, relative to the lens' optical axis.
  • the edge run-out e.g. the total indicated run-out or TIR of the edge to the upper face of the lens
  • the light which is shone onto the lens is manually inspected through a reticule or such like, whereafter the operator makes an estimation of lens quality using the scalar gauge in the reticule/veiwfinder as a guide.
  • the operator then makes a simple but subjective "yes/no" assessment/determination as to whether the quality of the particular lens under test is sufficient, or otherwise grades the quality of the lens based on an assessed degree of deviation between the optical and mechanical axes.
  • the procedure involves an often crudely executed manual adjustment of the position of the lens(usually by way of a delicate prodding of the lens in the amount) to achieve minimal error orbits on both surfaces or one surface and an edge or cap simultaneously
  • the setup of the apparatus is lengthy - typically 20 minutes - and requires a cycle time of approximately 4 to 8 minutes per lens. Typically, one cycle will result in the measurement of one scalar magnitude value defining the error associated with that particular lens.
  • It has already been proposed to upgrade the solely manual measurement system by using 2D image arrays and using a PC connected to digital image capture devices.
  • the PC performs a series of calculations and/or analyses according to algorithms on the captured images to provide a metrology data set describing each lens inspected by the apparatus. This data is then stored as a record of the lens physical topology and relative optical parameters.
  • the above system only provides a lens characterisation to within a repeatability of typically +/- 1.5 ⁇ m. This is largely dependent on the image array resolution, the image capture frequency and the number of data points captured.
  • a method of lens characterisation of a lens having at least two surfaces and an edge comprising: using a light source to cause the lens to generate a focused error pattern onto an image detector; from measurement of the focused error pattern on the image detector, calculating an effective zero for one of an optical axis or a mechanical axis of the lens; and calculating an axis error in a complementary one of the mechanical axis and the optical axis, the axis error resulting from, respectively, the mathematical zeroing of the optical axis and the mechanical axis.
  • the method further comprises: rotating the lens to permit measurement of N sampling points about a circumference of the lens; measuring imaging data at each of the N sampling point, the imaging data relating the focused error pattern for each of the least two surfaces to varying position measurement data for both the edge and the cap; and calculating optical and mechanical axis errors based on the imaging data at the N sampling points.
  • Apparatus for assessing lens quality criteria comprising: a knife-edged chuck for mounting, in use, a lens to be tested, the lens having first and second surfaces and an edge; upper and lower autocollimators respectively positioned above and below the knife-edged chuck and having optical axes substantially parallel to the edge of the lens; an edge probe for engaging, in use, against the edge of the lens under test; and an image detector; a light source arranged, in use, to cause the lens to generate a focused error pattern onto the image detector; and a processor, responsive to measurements from the edge probe and further arranged to: i) calculate an effective zero for one of an optical axis or a mechanical axis of the lens based on from measurements of the focused error pattern on the image detector; and ii) calculate an axis error in a complementary one of the mechanical axis and the optical axis, the axis error resulting from, respectively, the mathematical zeroing of the optical axis and the mechanical axi
  • the lens includes a cap
  • a preferred embodiment further comprising: a cap probe for engaging, in use, against the cap region of the lens under test, the cap probe orientated substantially perpendicular to the edge probe; and wherein the processor is further responsive to measurements from the cap probe (preferably measured contemporaneously with the edge measurements). The processor is then further arranged to calculate optical and mechanical axis errors based on the cap data.
  • a computer program product containing code that, in use, is arranged to cause a processor to implement procedure to assess an optical quality of a lens having at least two surfaces and an edge and, preferably, also a cap, the code arranged to: i) calculate an effective zero for one of an optical axis or a mechanical axis of the lens, the calculation based on measurements of a focused error pattern projected onto an image detector by the lens under test conditions; and ii) calculate an axis error in a complementary one of the mechanical axis and the optical axis, the axis error resulting from, respectively, the mathematical zeroing of the optical axis and the mechanical axis.
  • the code is particularly arranged to: i) measure imaging data at each of N sampling point around a circumference of the lens, the imaging data relating the focused error pattern for each of the least two surfaces to varying position measurement data for at least the edge and preferably, if appropriate, a cap; and ii) calculate optical and mechanical axis errors based on the imaging data at the N sampling points.
  • the lens illumination (from the light source) is one of strobed or continuous, depending on the image array capabilities, the lens material and/or the illumination source wavelength.
  • digitally captured images are processed in a PC under the control of a computer program in which are embodied algorithms which simultaneously derive, from the captured digital image information, the direction and magnitude of each deviated optical path from top and bottom optical surfaces based on the captured.
  • the frequency of lens rotation depends on the image array capabilities and the number of data points required to achieve desired resolution, but typically frequencies of 20 revolutions per minutes (rpm) to 2 rpm are suitable.
  • a control program orchestrates and processes the data collection and calculation procedure in two or more steps relating edge data, cap data, angular position of the lens and error orbit imaging for top and bottom surfaces of the lens.
  • the process is carried out iteratively n times, where n is typically between 20 and 2000.
  • error orbit imaging permits the control program to derive
  • Cartesian coordinates of the centre of an optical target (known as tracking).
  • tracking Cartesian coordinates of the centre of an optical target
  • the centre and radii of the image data sets are calculated and transposed to be centred on a (0,0) circle centre according to the Cartesian coordinates above to yield adjusted sets of circle data.
  • the control program and apparatus cooperate to compile the relative data into a 2D data structure referenced to the angular position size of, preferably, (n, 5).
  • the target tracking procedure is conducted using shape recognition procedures with predictive search regions within the field of view.
  • This particular procedure facilitates rapid and hence real time implementation and is a feature which optimises memory and computational capacity.
  • a circle-fit method is employed using optimised data set from the above procedure.
  • the method embodies software procedures which further process the data set into the desired decentration units. Further detailed description of the de- centration procedures are provided in the specific description hereof.
  • the computer program outputs a data set including at least the following characterising parameters: 1 Concentricity of the edge diameter to the optical axis as a TIR measurement in millimetres.
  • 2a Perpendicularity of a cap to the optical axis (TIR mm).
  • 2b Perpendicularity of a cap to the optical axis as an arc measurement in degrees, minutes and seconds (d/m/s).
  • 4b Tilt of a surface with respect to its cap face and the opposite surface (d/m/s).
  • 4e Tilt of a surface with respect to its cap face and the opposite surface (TIR mm).
  • 4c Tilt of a surface with respect to the opposite surface and its cap face (d/m/s).
  • 4f Tilt of a surface with respect to the opposite surface and its cap face (TIR mm).
  • the data set is arranged according to the above identification of parameters.
  • the computer program is also capable of outputting an encrypted/flattened data set, said encryption/flattening including a conversion to a flattened binary stream to act as a traceable descriptor source for that particular lens which can be used to review and recalculate decentration output units subsequently.
  • the computer program further processes the data set to facilitate the marking of a indicator(s) on a surface(s) to show major orientations of the decentration characteristics by indicating when the angular position of the lens correlates with the desired decentration descriptor.
  • the invention thus provides a means of reducing cycle time to ⁇ 6 sec or less as well as increasing objectivity, repeatability and accuracy of the lens characterisation procedure in general.
  • the present invention provides an ability to indicate for marking purposes, major axis of interest on the lens.
  • the present invention provides an audit data set to accompany the lens though its subsequent integration cycle.
  • the invention may also be used to provide lens marking with respect to decentration indicators and optical measurements of the mechanical surfaces.
  • the particular light used in the apparatus may emanate from LEDs or lasers, or other suitable light source, and furthermore, the invention might also be extended to cover analogue and digital 2D image arrays.
  • the invention described above can have application not only in the field of lens characterisation, but also in the field of lens potting, lens potting with access to characterisation data, lens potting with restricted access to surfaces and lens potting using all or part of the characterisation procedures as part of the potting procedures.
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention therefore provides an improved lens characterisation system and method and an innovative software- enhanced characterisation procedure.
  • FIGs.1 to 4 show varying schematic views of a knife-edge mounted lens in apparatus suitable for carrying out the method of the invention; each of these drawings identifies a particular variable which appears in the following description of the mathematics used in the invention, and which is ultimately embodied in the computer program which forms part of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an apparatus 2 comprising an upper telescope 4 and a lower telescope 6 between which is mounted a lens on respective first and second knife edges 10, 12 which are relatively rigidly mounted within the apparatus (not shown).
  • this mounting arrangement will be a vacuum knife edge mounting which can be rotated without the lens being displaced.
  • Fig. 1 also identifies a number of linear and angular dimension characteristics which are relevant to the calculations which are carried out according to the invention. Reference should be had to all the Figures in the following mathematical analyses.
  • the apparatus and method operate to effectively zero (through a mathematically process) either the mechanical or optical axis, whereafter quality criteria of the lens under test is assessed based upon calculation of a resultant effect on the other affected variable (i.e. the optical axis if the mechanical axis is zeroed, or the mechanical axis if the optical axis is zeroed).
  • a preferred embodiment would operate to calculate the runout (TIR) error value for the edge and/or cap.
  • upper and lower autocollimators are brought into position above and below a lens under test; this is unlike the prior art.
  • the lens is held in place by a annular knife-edge air chuck that, in light of the fact that the lens includes at least one convex or concave surface, effectively causes a tilt in the lens 1 orientation; this is in common with the prior art.
  • the position of the two autocollimators is controlled by motors that select their respective positions based on a combination of a physical parameters of the lens
  • the autocollimators are furthermore arranged to select complementary optical elements that attain focus for both lens surfaces (S1 and S2), with these complementary optics engaged into the light path by their appropriate processor-controlled insertion or removal.
  • S1 and S2 lens surfaces
  • these complementary optics engaged into the light path by their appropriate processor-controlled insertion or removal.
  • cap and edge probes are brought into contact with the lens held in the air chuck; this is again different to the systems in the prior art.
  • the lens look-up table is built up from accumulated lens configuration data supplied by the lens manufacturer.
  • the system of the preferred embodiment operates to calculate a radius for optical axis errors.
  • reflected (or transmitted, as the case may be) light projects an error pattern, generated by use of an optical mask on the light source for the respective surfaces of the lens (given its current location in the air chuck) onto the image detector, which pattern has a nominal centre.
  • Measurement data from the error pattern (which is substantially circular in nature) is taken from the image detector and used by a processor to determine a calculated optical centre for the lens/projected image.
  • the lens is then rotated through 360 degrees to collect simultaneously at least three sets of imaging data, namely concentric orbit data for both upper and lower autocollimators and also related edge for N radial test points located around the circumference of the lens.
  • a cap probe a cap probe is provided to engage, in use, against the cap region of the lens under test, the cap probe orientated substantially perpendicular to the edge probe.
  • measurements from the cap probe are recorded contemporaneously with the edge probe data and related to the concentric orbit (i.e. error pattern) data.
  • the processor is then able to calculate the optical and mechanical axis errors for the lens and, since the lens is tilted in the air chuck, it is furthermore now possible to infer the edge run-out (i.e. a linear measure in millimetres of the TIR) and, optionally (if appropriate for the lens under test) the cap run-out (TIR).
  • the data points are preferably and generally provided by a position encoder arranged to describe the angular position of the lens in rotation.
  • a complete data set for a particular lens effectively contains the magnitude and direction measurements of two (deviated) optical paths relative to the mechanical axis, the magnitude and direction measurements of both edge and cap and the angular disposition of the lens relative to the above. Consequently, in an overall cycle that only runs to a small number of seconds, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is able to assess a quality criteria of the lens under test.
  • the primary characteristics i.e. those which are physically measured within the apparatus by suitable devices, are the edge concentricity to the optical axis and/or the cap face perpendicularity to the optical axis. From these measurements various other parameters may be calculated.
  • Tilt of a cap face when its surface and the outside edge are data (TIR in mm).
  • 3b Tilt of a cap face when its surface and the outside edge are data (d/m/s).
  • 4d 4a, 4b and 4c may be specified as a TIR (in mm) close to the edge of the clear surface.
  • KNIFE EDGE DATA In general, it generally advisable to place the lens on the knife edge mounting with its steepest curve contacting the knife edges. In the event that only one surface of the lens is specified as a datum, then that surface should contact the knife edge. If a cap face lens is specified as a datum then it must be placed uppermost so that the measurement probe is able to contact the face.
  • Cap heights are considered NEGATIVE if the surfaces they are associated with are CONCAVE, and POSITIVE if the associated surface is CONVEX.
  • the required supplementary lens, location of the telescope, focus setting and path of the image at the camera are calculated as follows :-
  • U 0 distance of graticule from objective lens.
  • V 0 distance of graticule image formed by objective from objective.
  • U 1 distance of graticule image formed by (objective) from supp. lens.
  • V 1 distance of graticule image formed by supplementary lens from it.
  • a zero offset to ensure that the supp. lens does not foul the test lens.
  • h height of supp. lens above O' on telescope slide.
  • f 0 focal length of telescope OG.
  • f ⁇ focal length of supp. lens
  • s focus movement of telescope OG.
  • R radius of curvature of lens surface being assessed.
  • H V 1 - R - a
  • H the distance between the telescope and the lens upper surface.
  • the following table is used to identify suitable supplementary lenses and focus settings of telescope for the surface radii to be tested.
  • the "Special lens” is an inverted telephoto design. The optimum location for this lens will depend upon the layout of the rest of the supplementary lenses and allowances for clearances around the surface under test. Since this lens will be some 40mm diameter at its widest, it will significantly affect the design of the probe to measure the vertical run-out of the surface under test. In this context, the special lens is realised by a combination of optical elements in an assembly that achieves image focus.]
  • the table above represents an example set of lenses and the calculated, associated variables utilised in an autocollimator configured for measuring the surface ranges of the radius of curvature Rmax-Rmin.
  • the best location of the telescope and its focus setting is determined by means of the following equation, in which H is calculated for the available range of focus settings and use the clearance criteria to decide upon the optimum.
  • M n Sn.d - Sn 2 -fn ( fn + Sn) - Sn.fi
  • 't ⁇ ' is taken as the start position of the upper camera, i.e. when the 'Y' and 'X' coordinates are '0' and 'ru' respectively, and the "lower camera image", the "lens edge probe” and the “cap face probe” are assumed to be out of phase to the upper camera by ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ respectively.
  • the centre thickness of the lens be: Ct the upper cap height be: Cu the lower cap height be: CL the projections of 'r' on to Cartesian co-ordinates be: X and Y.
  • the surface radii (Ru , RL ) and cap heights (Cu , CL ) are positive when measurements from the pole of the surface to the centre of curvature (c of c) or to the cap face respectively are in a direction away from the measuring telescope. (Note: Ct is always positive).
  • H u and H L are the distances between the upper and lower telescopes and the upper and lower surfaces of the lens respectively
  • h ud and h Ld are the distances between the upper and lower telescope and the knife edge interface (the measurement datum)
  • h u and h L are the readings on the vertical digital scales for the telescope positions of hud and h Ld , respectively.
  • H L min h Ld - [ h 3 + h, - C k + a L ] (6)
  • a u and a L are safety clearances to prevent the telescopes fouling the lens or the fixturing.
  • the optical axis of the lens is moved laterally to bring centre of curvature of lower surface on to the rotational axis of the air bearing.
  • C L R L ⁇ (R L 2 - 0 2 ) /a where 0 is the radius of the outside edge of the lens.
  • Allowance is made for the centre thickness (CO of the lens, and the upper and lower cap heights (C u and C L ).
  • the height (h p ) of the edge probe above the base of the knife edge (datum level) is calculated to allow contact at the middle of the edge of the lens. If there are no cap faces, then the 'cap heights' are to the points of intersection between the lens edge and the optical surfaces.
  • the concentricity (TIR in mm) of the edge diameter to the optical axis is given by:
  • the optical axis of lens is move laterally to bring centre of curvature of the lower surface on to the rotational axis of the air bearing (equations: (1), (2), (3) and (4))
  • the cap probe readings are unchanged because the lateral correction to the optical axis is parallel to the cap face.
  • the optical axis is rotated about the centre of curvature of the lower surface so as to bring the centre of curvature of the upper surface on to the rotational axis of the air bearing.
  • the optical axis will now coincide with the rotational axis. (Hence the residual error on the cap face probe is a measure of the decentration of the lens.)
  • the height (hp + Ce 12) of the cap face probe above the base of the knife edge (datum level) is calculated to allow the probe to contact the cap face of the lens.
  • the distance (Rf) of the cap face probe from the bearing axis must be determined or set manually by the engineer or operator setting up the lens for the test.
  • Xu1 (35) ( RL + Ru - Ct )
  • the tilt of the cap face ( Tf ) Tan 1 (rf / 2 ) / ( 2.Rf )
  • Tfx1 Xf1 / 2.Rf radians.
  • TfX2 Xf1 / 2.Rf - Xu1 / ( Ru + RL - Ct ) radians. And in Y direction
  • TfY2 Yf 1 / 2.Rf - Yu 1 / ( Ru + RL - Ct ) radians.
  • the DATUM SURFACE on this lens will be Ru, i.e. the upper surface to allow the measurement probe to have access to the cap face.
  • the optical axis is moved of lens laterally to bring the centre of curvature of the upper surface on to the rotational axis of the air bearing.
  • the Optical Axis is rotated about the centre of the upper surface to bring the Edge Probe to zero runout.
  • xl_e1 RL + RU - Ct (46) xe1 Ru - Cu - Ce / 2
  • the DATUM SURFACE on this lens will be RL, i.e. the lower surface to allow access of the cap probe to the face to be measured.
  • the cap probe readings are unchanged because the lateral correction to the optical axis is parallel to the cap face.
  • the Optical Axis is rotated about the centre of the lower surface to bring the Edge
  • the DATUM SURFACE on this lens will be RL, i.e. the lower surface, (see Fig. 4)
  • the optical axis of lens is moved laterally to bring centre of curvature of the lower surface on to the rotational axis of the air bearing
  • the tilt of the upper surface is the resultant of the tilts in the X and Y directions.
  • the X tilt tan "1 [Xu2 / Ru ]
  • the clear diameter (2 . Rc) may be calculated if the cap height and the surface radius (Ru ) are known.
  • a lens includes both an edge and a cap region
  • the cap is sometimes optional or not required, since the cap is generally used for mounting purposes.
  • a lens can simply include an edge that is sufficient to permit direct mounting of the lens into the optical path of the apparatus.
  • an edge may actually be realised by a knife- edge defined by the meeting of the radii of two lens surfaces.
  • the lens still has concentricity (and hence experiences optical and mechanical axis alignment/orientation issues) that needs to be assessed through the mathematical zeroing technique of the present invention, although the apparatus is now simplified. Specifically, in the absence of a cap region, there is a no requirement to use the cap probe (which can thus be stored or removed from the test apparatus) and data processing is reduced as a consequence of a reduced data set.
  • an assessment of the quality criteria of a lens is assessed in an apparatus that simultaneously makes use of upper and lower autocollimators and at least an edge measurement probe and, as appropriate, also a cap measurement probes.
  • Beams of light are reflected or transmitted through the lens and focused on an image detector that permits a processor to calculate an optical axis error and centre based on a concentric error orbit projected by the beams, with this orbit appearing when the lens is rotated.
  • the processor is able to calculate quickly (by inference) the run-out (TIR) error value for the edge and, optionally, cap features of the lens in relation to the actual optical axis of the lens.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Testing Of Optical Devices Or Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne l'évaluation des critères de qualité d'une lentille dans un appareil (2) dans lequel sont utilisés de manière simultanée des autocollimateurs supérieur (4) et inférieur (6) et des sondes de mesure de bord et de tête. Des faisceaux lumineux sont réfléchis ou transmis à travers la lentille (8) puis focalisés sur un détecteur d'image permettant à un processeur de calculer une erreur et un centre d'axe optique à partir d'une orbite d'erreur concentrique projetée par les faisceaux, ladite orbite apparaissant lorsque la lentille tourne. En utilisant l'axe optique sur le zéro mathématique et en prenant N échantillons de mesure autour de N points autour de la circonférence de la lentille, le processeur peut calculer rapidement (par inférence) la valeur d'erreur d'excentricité (TIR) pour les caractéristiques de bord et, éventuellement, de tête de la lentille par rapport à l'axe optique réel de la lentille.
PCT/GB2008/000834 2007-03-09 2008-03-10 Procédé de caractérisation de lentille Ceased WO2008110782A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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GB0704576.8 2007-03-09
GB0704576A GB0704576D0 (en) 2007-03-09 2007-03-09 Improved lens characterisation process

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014131878A1 (fr) * 2013-03-01 2014-09-04 Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optique) Procédé de fourniture d'un élément de référencement à un élément de lentille optique

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6236453B1 (en) * 1996-09-30 2001-05-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Topcon Lens meter
EP1308706A2 (fr) * 1995-07-27 2003-05-07 Nidek Co., Ltd Lentillomètre

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1308706A2 (fr) * 1995-07-27 2003-05-07 Nidek Co., Ltd Lentillomètre
US6236453B1 (en) * 1996-09-30 2001-05-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Topcon Lens meter

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014131878A1 (fr) * 2013-03-01 2014-09-04 Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optique) Procédé de fourniture d'un élément de référencement à un élément de lentille optique
CN105026133A (zh) * 2013-03-01 2015-11-04 埃西勒国际通用光学公司 用于向光学镜片构件提供参考元件的方法
US10456885B2 (en) 2013-03-01 2019-10-29 Essilor International Method for providing a referencing element to an optical lens member

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