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WO2008104550A2 - Système de construction - Google Patents

Système de construction Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008104550A2
WO2008104550A2 PCT/EP2008/052330 EP2008052330W WO2008104550A2 WO 2008104550 A2 WO2008104550 A2 WO 2008104550A2 EP 2008052330 W EP2008052330 W EP 2008052330W WO 2008104550 A2 WO2008104550 A2 WO 2008104550A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
elements
connector
stem
building system
cross
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2008/052330
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008104550A3 (fr
Inventor
Daryl Geary
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
I-BUILD IT Ltd
Original Assignee
I-BUILD IT Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by I-BUILD IT Ltd filed Critical I-BUILD IT Ltd
Priority to EP08709223A priority Critical patent/EP2129841A2/fr
Publication of WO2008104550A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008104550A2/fr
Publication of WO2008104550A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008104550A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/12—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of other material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
    • E04B1/043—Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
    • E04B1/161—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with vertical and horizontal slabs, both being partially cast in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E04B1/34321—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts mainly constituted by panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E04B1/34326—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts mainly constituted by longitudinal elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E04B1/34331—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts mainly constituted by three-dimensional elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2/8623—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers and at least one form leaf being monolithic
    • E04B2/8629—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers and at least one form leaf being monolithic with both form leaves and spacers being monolithic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building system, elements for such a system, assemblies formed using the system and methods of their formation.
  • Stud walls are formed using a frame, made from lengths of timber of a standard size, which can then be covered by materials such as plasterboard to produce a flat finished wall.
  • frame lengths of timber must be carefully cut to size and then positioned in place before fixing to the surrounding walls, floor and ceiling with screws or nails.
  • Further vertical members must then be cut, positioned in place at regular intervals, and secured to the existing horizontal timbers using nails.
  • shorter cross pieces or noggins to brace the structure must be cut to size and positioned between the vertical timbers before being fixed in place using nails.
  • a building system comprising a plurality of building elements, wherein said elements include first and second formations, the second formation being complementary with the first formation, so that the first formation of a first one of said elements can engage with the second formation on a second one of said elements and said first element is a beam having an elongate stem and two transverse cross-pieces, said cross-pieces extending along the length of said stem.
  • the second element may be a beam.
  • the beam may comprise a stem and two cross-pieces, said cross-pieces extending perpendicularly to said stem.
  • the plurality of elements may be formed as moulded parts.
  • the elements may be formed from a plastic. If the elements were formed from UPVC then they would be advantageously light in weight and easy to handle. A level of resilience would also exist in the various elements which would ease assembly, and help to maintain the parts in their assembled positions.
  • the plastic may be a recycled material.
  • the plurality of elements may be formed form Aircrete. This would advantageously allow the formation of load bearing structures, which would be substantially fire proof.
  • some or all of the elements may be formed by extrusion of a plastic or metal.
  • Elements formed from metal may comprise a plurality of extruded components fastened together.
  • the formations can co-operate to hold the elements in their assembled positions such that an assembly can be created easily.
  • the first and second formations may be elongate and may extend along the length of the beams.
  • the formations may be provided along outside edges or corners of a beam. Longitudinal formations could be provided in the outward faces of top and bottom cross members to assist in beams together.
  • the beam members could also comprise elongate formations across their width. This is beneficial in enabling the beams to connect at right angles with other elements of the system.
  • the first and second formations may be located on said cross-pieces.
  • the plurality of elements may comprise at least one connector configured to attach the first element to the second element.
  • the use of connectors may increase the flexibility in the placement of beams in the building system, by permitting a larger number of possible configurations.
  • the base portion may have a cross sectional shape corresponding to the channel formed by the stem and cross pieces of the first element, preferably with elongate second formations running along its sides for engagement with complementary second formations provided on a beam member.
  • a base portion may include a projection received in a complementary second formation in the form of a groove, or vice versa.
  • the base portion may include a rounded ball-type projection and the complementary second formation may be a socket configured to receive it, or vice versa.
  • a connector element may comprise one or more projections shaped to fit inside the hollow centre of a hollow section beam member. Projections may also be provided which are shaped to surround a central stem of an T beam. Connectors could therefore be provided to connect various beam members in various configurations
  • the at least one connector may be resiliently biased to be retained in a channel formed by the stem and the cross-pieces of the first element.
  • a connector may comprise a plurality of prongs arranged to engage a stem of the second beam, the second beam having the same form as the first element.
  • the prongs may be configured to retain the second beam where the dimensions of the second beam differ from the dimensions of the first beam.
  • the second element may be a hollow beam and said connector comprises a projection configured to fit inside a cavity of the hollow beam.
  • a building system comprises a plurality of elements, wherein said elements include at least two beams and at least one connector configured to connect said beams to each other, wherein at least a first one of said beams comprises an elongate stem and two elongate cross-pieces and said connector is shaped to fit into a channel formed by said stem and said cross-pieces.
  • the formations can thus co-operate to hold the beam members in their assembled positions such that an assembly can be created easily.
  • the first beam may comprise a first formation and the connector may comprise a second formation, the first formation being configured for engagement with the second formation.
  • the first formation may be configured to co-operate with the second formation to attach the first beam to the connector.
  • the one or more connectors may be resiliently biased to be retained in said channel.
  • the one or more connectors may comprise one or more prongs arranged to engage a stem of a second one of said beams, said second beam having the same form as the first beam.
  • the one or more prongs may be configured to allow for instances where the first and second beams have different dimensions.
  • the one or more prongs may be resilientiy biased to engage the stem of said second beam.
  • the one or more prongs may be arranged to connect the second beam to the first beam so that the second beam extends at an acute angle to the first beam.
  • the first formation may comprise a protrusion and the second formation may comprise a recess.
  • the recess may comprise lipped portions and the protrusion may comprise indentations arranged to receive the lipped portions to retain the protrusion within said recess.
  • the protrusions and recesses each comprise a further recess arranged to receive a seal.
  • the plurality of elements may further include one or more panels, included to provide large surfaces on a finished structure, hollow beams, which can, for example, serve as corner posts or end posts in a wall, and/or sealing elements.
  • the plurality of elements may also include one or more fixing elements to allow elements of the system to existing structure.
  • panel elements may also comprise formations for engagement with the first and/or second formations of the at least two beams.
  • the formations may be provided on the edges of the panel members so that flat surfaces are presented when the panel members are assembled with the other elements of the system.
  • Fixing elements may be provided and may be shaped to fit into the free space of one or more beams.
  • the fixing elements may have a cross sectional shape corresponding to the channel formed by the stem and cross pieces of the first beam. Elongate protrusions may once again run along the sides of the fixing elements for engagement with grooves provided on the first beam.
  • the fixing elements may comprise one or more pre formed holes, arranged alone or in pairs along the length of the fixing elements, preferably at uniform intervals. These holes would allow screws or nails to pass through the elements to allow fixing of various elements to an existing structure. Alternatively the fixing elements could be provided without pre formed holes so that a user may prepare their own holes in their desired locations.
  • the fixing elements may alternatively be used as fill elements, to fill a space that might otherwise be visible on the exposed end of a wall and/or to provide a feature such as a border or a door jamb.
  • the fill elements may also be used to insulate the structure, for example, to avoid the ingress of air.
  • the fixing/ fill elements have a reasonable length, preferably substantially equal to that of a beam member. If being used as a fill element, the shape and protrusions on the elements can be relied upon to maintain the elements together.
  • the one or more sealing elements may include an elongate sealing element arranged to be received in a channel formed by the stem and the cross-pieces of the beam.
  • the first element comprises an elongate cover portion that extends over one of said cross- pieces.
  • the invention also provides a beam for use in a building system according to the first or second aspect, comprising an elongate stem, two transverse cross-pieces arranged to extend along said stem and first and second formations, wherein the second formation is complementary to the first formation, to permit the beam to be connected to a building element that comprises at least one of a matching first formation and a matching second formation.
  • a beam for use in a building system comprising an elongate stem, two transverse cross-pieces arranged to extend along said stem and first and second formations, wherein the second formation is complementary to the first formation, to permit the beam to be connected to a building element that comprises at least one of a matching first formation and a matching second formation.
  • Such beams can be manufactured in one or more sizes depending on their intended use. Alternatively, the beams may be prefabricated in standard sizes and then cut to the required size.
  • the beam may comprise curved transitions between the stem and cross-pieces. Such transitions may serve as a lead in feature during the assembly of various elements of the system.
  • the first and second formations may be provided along the length of the beam.
  • At least one further elongate formation may be provided across a width of one or more of the cross-pieces.
  • Cut-out sections may be provided at intervals along the length of the beam members.
  • the cut-outs serve to reduce the weight of the beam members and can support other elements such as rods and bars. For this reason it is preferable that the cut-outs are of a uniform shape, such as circular.
  • the invention also provides a connector for a building system according to the second aspect of the invention, comprising a base portion, the base portion being shaped to fit into a channel formed by the stem and cross-pieces of the first element, and at least one formation configured to engage with the first formation of said first element.
  • the connector may be resiliently biased in order to assist in retaining the base portion within said channel.
  • the connector may comprise a projection shaped to fit inside the hollow centre of a hollow beam.
  • the connector may comprise at least one prong arranged to engage a second one of said beams.
  • the connector may comprise at least two of said prongs, said two prongs being arranged to engage the stem of the second beam, the second beam having the same form as the first beam.
  • the prongs may be resiliently biased to retain said stem.
  • the prongs may be configured to engage the stem of the second beam where dimensions of the second building element differ from dimensions of the first beam.
  • the prongs may extend perpendicularly to a base of the connector, to allow connection of beams at right angles.
  • the prongs may extend at an acute angle to the base portion of the connector to allow connections at various other angles.
  • the angle may be, for example, 45 degrees.
  • the prongs may be provided with elongate formations along their length for engagement with the complementary formations provided on the first beam. Projections may also be provided which are shaped to fit inside a cut-out of the first beam. In this way, connectors could be held in a predetermined vertical position during assembly.
  • the prongs may be provided in various numbers and configurations to give a variety of different connector elements for the system, increasing the freedom with which the elements can be assembled.
  • the invention also provides an elongate sealing element for a building system according to the first or second aspect of the invention, shaped to fit in a channel formed by said stem and said cross-pieces.
  • the invention also provides an assembly of a selection of building elements comprising a beam as specified hereinabove.
  • the assembly may be any one of a variety of structures, open or enclosed, including walls, partition walls, temporary structures, garden sheds, child's playhouses, storage boxes and so on.
  • the system may be provided in the form of a toy for building miniature structures.
  • the invention also provides a method of forming such an assembly, comprising: arranging the plurality of building elements into a given configuration and connecting the elements to one another using first and second formations provided on the elements.
  • the plurality of building elements may comprise at least two beams as previously specified and the arrangement of the plurality of building elements comprises inserting connectors between two or more of said beams.
  • the plurality of elements may comprise a plurality of beams connected to one another directly.
  • the method may include using fixing elements fix the assembly to an existing structure.
  • the method may include filling space between at least some of the plurality of elements using concrete.
  • Figure 1 a is an end view of a beam member
  • Figure Ib is a side view of the beam member of Figure Ia, taken in the direction of arrow B in Figure Ia;
  • Figure 1 c is a top view of the beam member of Figure 1 a, taken in the direction of arrow C in Figure Ia;
  • Figure 2 is an end view of a second beam member
  • Figure 3 depicts two of the beam members shown in Figure 2 attached together;
  • Figure 4a is an end view of a hollow beam member for use with the beam member of Figures Ia to Ic;
  • Figure 4b is a side view of the beam member of Figure 2a, taken in the direction of arrow B;
  • Figure 5 is an end view of a hollow beam member for use with the beam member of Figure 2;
  • Figure 6a is a side view of a first connector element
  • Figure 6b is a front view of the connector element of Figure 6a, taken in the direction of arrow B;
  • Figure 6c is an end view of the connector element of Figure 6a, taken in the direction of arrow C;
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of a second connector element
  • Figure 8a is a perspective view of a third connector element, which can also function as a fixing element
  • Figure 8b is a perspective view of a third connector element when attached to the T beam of Figures Ia to Ic;
  • Figure 9 a is a top view of a fourth connector element
  • Figure 9b is a front view of the connector element of Figure 9a;
  • Figure 10 is a front view of a fifth connector element;
  • Figure 1 Ia is a top view of a sixth connector element
  • Figure 1 Ib is a front view of the connector element of Figure 1 Ia;
  • Figure 12 is a top view of a seventh connector element
  • Figure 13a is a side view of a eighth connector element
  • Figure 13b is a front view of the connector element of Figure 13a, taken in the direction of arrow B;
  • Figure 14a is a top view of a ninth connector element
  • Figure 14b is a front view of the ninth connector element, taken in the direction of arrow B in Figure 14a;
  • Figure 14c is a side view of the ninth connector element, taken in the direction of arrow C in Figure 14b;
  • Figure 15a is a perspective view of a tenth connector element
  • Figure 15b is a side view of the connector element of Figure 15b, taken in the direction of arrow B;
  • Figure 15c is an end view of the connector element of Figure 15a, taken in the direction of arrow C;
  • Figure 16 is a perspective view of an assembly of the components shown in Figures Ia-Ic and 15a-15c;
  • Figure 17a is a perspective view of an eleventh connector element;
  • Figure 17b is an end view of the connector element of Figure 17a, taken in the direction of arrow B;
  • Figure 17c is a side view of the connector element of Figure 17a, taken in the direction of arrow C;
  • Figure 18 is a perspective view of an assembly of the components shown in Figures Ia-Ic and 17a-17c;
  • Figure 19a is a perspective view of a twelfth connector element
  • Figure 19b depicts the connector element of Figure 19a when angled
  • Figure 19c depicts the connector element of Figure 19a when used as a fixing element
  • Figure 20a is a perspective view of a thirteenth connector element
  • Figure 20b is an end view of the connector element of Figure 20a;
  • Figure 21 depicts an assembly in which the connector element of Figure 20a is used to connect beams of different dimensions
  • Figure 22a is a perspective view of a fourteenth connector element
  • Figure 22b is a side view of the connector element of Figure 22a, taken in the direction of arrow B;
  • Figure 23 is a perspective view of an assembly of the components shown in Figures Ia-Ic and 22a-22b;
  • Figure 24a is a perspective view of a fifteenth connector element
  • Figure 24b is a plan view of the connector element of Figure 24b.
  • Figure 25 is a perspective view of an assembly of the components shown in Figures Ia-Ic and 24a-24b;
  • Figure 26a is a front view of a panel member;
  • Figure 26b is a side view of the panel member of Figure 26a;
  • Figure 27 is a side view of an alternative panel member for use with the beam member of Figure 2;
  • Figure 28a is a top view of a fixing element
  • Figure 28b is a front view of the fixing element of Figure 28a;
  • Figure 28c is a side view of the fixing element of Figure 28a;
  • Figure 29a is a top view of a fixing/ fill element
  • Figure 29b is a side view of the fixing/ fill element of Figure 29a, taken in the direction of arrow B;
  • Figure 30 is a front view of another fixing element;
  • Figure 31 is a perspective view of a locating pin
  • Figure 32a shows an assembly of the components shown in Figures Ia-Ic, 6a-6c and 28a-28c;
  • Figure 32b is a cross section of the assembly of Figure 32a, taken at the line marked
  • Figure 33 shows an alternative assembly of the components shown in Figures laic, 6a-6c and 28a-28c;
  • Figure 34 shows a further alternative assembly of the components shown in Figures Ia-Ic, 6a-6c and 28a-28c;
  • Figure 35a shows an assembly of the components shown in Figures Ia-Ic, 6a-6c, 26a-26b and 29a-29b;
  • Figure 35b is a cross section of the assembly of Figure 35a, taken at the line marked B;
  • Figure 36a is a front view of an assembly of the components shown in Figures laic, 4a-4b, 9a-9b and 26a-26b;
  • Figure 36b is a side view of the assembly of Figure 36a, taken in the direction of the arrow B;
  • Figure 36c is a top view of the assembly of Figures 36a-36b, taken in the direction of the arrow C;
  • Figure 37 is a front view of an assembly of the components shown in Figures Ia-Ic, 4a-4b, 6a-6c, 9a-9b, 10, lla-llb, 13a-13b, 14a-14c and 26a-26b;
  • Figure 38 is a front view of an assembly of the components shown in Figures Ia-Ic, 4a-4b, 6a-6c, 9a-9b, 10, lla-llb, 13a-13b, 14a- 14c and a number of cylindrical rods;
  • Figure 39 is a front view of a pitched roof assembly;
  • Figure 40 is a close up view of the area marked 40 in Figure 39 showing, among other things, an eave beam;
  • Figure 41a is a close up view of the area marked 41 in Figure 39 showing, among other things, a ridge beam;
  • Figure 42a is a perspective view of the ridge beam of in the pitched roof assembly of Figure 39;
  • Figure 42b is an end view of the ridge beam of Figure 42a;
  • Figure 43a depicts the filling in of an assembly formed using the beam member of Figures Ia to Ic;
  • Figure 43b depicts the assembly shown in Figure 43a after filling
  • Figure 44 depicts an alternative technique for producing the assembly of Figure 42b
  • Figure 45a is a perspective view of a third beam member
  • Figure 45b is an end view of the beam member shown in Figure 34a;
  • Figure 46a depicts a sixteenth connector element, for use with the beam member shown in Figure 45a;
  • Figure 46b is an end view of the connector element shown in Figure 46a;
  • Figure 47 depicts part of an assembly comprising the beam member of Figures 45a- 45b and the connector element of Figures 46a-46b;
  • Figure 48 depicts an arrangement of seventeenth connector elements, for use with the beam member shown in Figure 45a; and Figure 49 depicts part of an assembly comprising the beam member of Figures 45a-
  • a beam member 100 according to a first embodiment of the invention is shown in Figures Ia-Ic.
  • the beam 100 has a generally T shaped cross section with a stem 101 which blends via a constant radius 104 on both sides into top and bottom cross pieces 106, 108.
  • the radius 104 provides a guide feature to ease the assembly of other elements with the beam members.
  • the stem 101 of the T is shown with a number of circular holes or cut-outs 102 provided along its length. This is best seen in Figure Ib.
  • the primary purpose of the cut-outs 102 is to reduce the weight of the T beam 100, and accordingly they may be of any shape.
  • the cut-outs 102 are of a uniform shape, such as a square or circle, so that further elongate elements such as, in this instance, circular rods can be thereby supported.
  • the cut-outs 102 can provide a passage for a fluid material such as concrete, as described in more detail below.
  • the T beam 100 further comprises a number of formations which, in this particular embodiment, take the form of elongate protrusions and depressions.
  • a first elongate protrusion 112, or tongue is provided along one long edge of each cross piece, running along the entire length of the beam.
  • a similar, albeit shorter, tongue 114 is provided along one short edge of each cross piece.
  • the edges of the top and bottom cross pieces opposite these tongues are provided with elongate depressions or grooves 116,118. Accordingly, when two T beams are placed on top of one another in the correct orientation, the tongues 112 of one T beam 100 engage with the grooves 116 of another to provide some stability.
  • the elongate protrusions 124 may include grooves 126, 128 and the elongate depressions 130 may include lips 132, 134 so that, the elongate formations 124, 130 have the form of a ball and socket arrangement when viewed in cross-section.
  • a plurality of such T beams 122, 122' can be attached to one another by snap-fitting the protrusions 124 into the depressions 130, so that a protrusion 124 of one T beam 122 is retained by the lips 132, 134 of another T beam 122'.
  • One or more pairs of the protrusions 124 and depressions 130 may include may include complementary latch formations 138, 140 to assist in the snap-fitting.
  • the protrusions 124 may comprise a resilient material in order to enhance the snap-fit.
  • the protrusions 124 may be formed from a material such as polystyrene, laminated with a PVC covering.
  • the protrusion 124 and the depression 130 provided on one of the cross pieces 108 is provided with cut-out portions 142, 144 to accommodate a grommet 146.
  • a grommet 146 may be used, for example, where the T beam 122 is used to form a part of an outer wall and is thus exposed to the elements.
  • Figures 4a and 4b show a third beam member 200 that can be used in conjunction with the beam member 100 of Figures Ia-Ic.
  • the hollow beam member 200 shares a number of features with that shown in Figures Ia-Ic, such as the cut-outs 202 and the protrusions 212 and depressions 216.
  • the following description will concentrate on the key differences between the beam member shown in Figures 4a and 4b, and that shown in Figure Ia-Ic.
  • Figure 4a shows and end view of the beam member 200.
  • the beam member 200 has a hollow, substantially square cross section with rounded corners inside and out.
  • Each side 204 of the substantially square cross section is equal in length to the height of the T beam 100 of Figure 1.
  • Circular cut-outs 202 are provided in two of the four sides, and these repeat along the entire length of the beam member as can be seen in Figure 4b.
  • the cut- outs 202 serve the same purpose and have the same advantages as those described in relation to the T beam 100, and shown in Figure Ib.
  • One of the sides 206 of the beam containing the cut-outs 202 is also provided with two tongues 212, again as described in relation to the T beam 100. These tongues 212 run along the entire length of the beam 200 adjacent the corners of the cross section.
  • the remaining side of the beam 210 which contains cut-outs 202 is provided with grooves 216 of equivalent configuration.
  • the tongues 212 and grooves 216 can co-operate with the depressions 130 and protrusions 124 of the T beam 100 shown in Figure 1, to allow the T beam 100 and hollow beam member 200 to be attached together.
  • the hollow beam member 200 can be included in an assembly of T beams 100, in order to enhance the rigidity of the assembly and/or to provide a structural features.
  • a right-angled corner can be provided by attaching a first T beam 100 to the hollow beam member 200 by engaging its protrusions 124 with the grooves 216 and attaching a second T beam 100 by engaging its depressions 130 with the tongues 212.
  • Figure 5 shows a hollow beam member 218 that can be used in conjunction with the beam member 122 of Figure 2.
  • the hollow beam member 218 is similar to the beam member of Figures 4a and 4b. However, in place of the tongues 212 and grooves 216 are provided protrusions 220, 222 and depressions 224, 226 that complement the depressions 130 and protrusions 124 of the beam member 122, respectively, to permit the beam members 122, 218 to be attached to one another using a snap-fit.
  • protrusions 220, 222 and depressions 224, 226 may be provided with recesses, not shown, for receiving a grommet and/or latch formations, not shown, to assist in the snap-fitting, as described above in relation to the T beams 122, 122' shown in Figures 2 and 3.
  • Figures 4a, 4b and 5 depict hollow beam members 200, 218 having a square cross- section
  • hollow beam members having other cross-sectional shapes may be provided.
  • a hollow beam member may be formed with a cross-sectional shape that matches, or permits it to be placed within, a channel formed by the stem 101 and cross-pieces 102 of an T beam 100, 122.
  • a hollow beam member may be configured to have a six-sided cross-sectional shape that is not square, in order to connect T beams 100, 122 together at the required angle.
  • a hollow beam member may be configured with cross-sectional shapes and tongues 212 and grooves 216 to permit engagement with T beam members along more than two of its sides.
  • Figures 6a-6c show a connector element 300 for the system.
  • the front view of Figure 3a shows the basic 'U' shape of the connector element 300.
  • the radii 302 that exist at the base of the 'U' match those radii 104 found on the T beams 100, 122 of Figures la-Id, to allow the connector element 300 to engage snugly with said beam member 100.
  • Protrusions 304 are shown, end on, on either side of the base of the 'U' for engagement with the grooves 120 provided in the faces of the cross pieces 106,108 of the beam members 100, 122 of Figures 1 and 2.
  • the uprights 306 of the 'U' (as shown) are two of four prong members 306 provided on the connector element 300, and their shape and function will be better understood from the following figures.
  • Figure 6b shows an end view of the connector element 300, and is taken at right angles to the view of Figure 6a, in the direction of arrow B.
  • the protrusions or tongues 304 are more clearly visible in this view.
  • a slit 308 between the two pairs of prong elements 306 indicated in Figure 3a can be clearly seen in the middle of the view.
  • the width of this slit 308 is the same as the width of the stem 101 of the T beams 100, 122 of Figures 1 and 2, to allow said stem 101 to be received in said slit 308.
  • Figure 6c shows a top view of the same connector element 300.
  • the view of Figure 6a is again taken at right angles to that of Figure 6a, this time in the direction of arrow C.
  • Figure 6c provides a clear indication of the shape of the four prong elements 306, and of the slit 308 therebetween.
  • the shape of the slit 308 can clearly be seen to reflect the shape of the T beam 100, 122 shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • a protrusion 310 is shown on the outside edge of each of the four prong members 306, for engagement with the groves 120 on the faces of the cross pieces 106,108 of the T beams 100, 122 shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the connector element 300 thus serves to connect together, at right angles, two T beams 100, 122 of the type shown in Figures Ia-Ic or Figure 2.
  • the connector element 300 could further comprise a protrusion 312 extending from the base 302 of the connector element 300, for engagement with a cut-out 102, 202 of a beam member 100, 122, 200, 218, in order to maintain the connector element 300 in position once assembled.
  • a protrusion 312 is indicated by the dashed lines in Figure 6a.
  • the connector element 300 may be formed from a resilient material and the prongs biased so that they must be compressed in order to engage the cross-pieces 106, 108 of the T beam 100, 122. The bias can then assist in retaining the connector element 300 in position, through a spring-type action.
  • Figure 7 depicts a second connector element 320 that can be used in an assembly place of, or in addition to, connector element 300.
  • the second connector element 320 comprises base portion 322 and four prongs 324a, 324b, 324c, 324d, to form a 'U' shape when viewed in cross-section.
  • the base portion 322 and prongs 324a, 324b, 324c, 324d include protrusions 304, 310 as described above in relation to the connector element 300 of Figures 6a-6c.
  • the base portion 322 is configured to fit between the cross-pieces 106, 108 of the T beam 100, 122 as shown in Figures Ia to Ic or Figure 2. As described above, in relation to the connector element 300 of Figures 6a-6c, a protrusion may, optionally be provided on the base portion 322 for reception in a cut-out 102 of the T beam 100, 122.
  • the connector element 320 can receive the stem 101 of an T beam 100, 122 in the gap 318 between prongs 324a and 324b and between prongs 324c, 324d.
  • the base portion 322 and prongs 324a, 324b, 324c, 324d are formed from curved sections of material and so the connector element 320 can be made using less material than that of connector element 300, potentially reducing weight and manufacturing costs.
  • the connector element 320 may, for example, be formed by moulding a plastic or formed from a metal.
  • the prongs 324a, 324b, 324c, 324d may be formed of a resilient material that is biased to provide a spring action.
  • the base portion 322 may be provided with an aperture. This permits the connector element 320 to be used as a fixing element in addition to, or instead of, its connecting function.
  • the connector element 320 may be positioned in an T beam 100, 122 within an assembly, as described above, and a screw, nail or similar element, not shown, arranged to extend through the aperture and through a cut-out 102 of the T beam 100, 122 to fix the assembly 100, 122 to another structure, such as a wall, floor, ceiling and so on.
  • Figure 8a depicts a third connector element 340 that can be used with the T beams 100, 122.
  • the connector element 340 comprises a base portion 342 and two prongs 344a, 344b, configured to fit between the cross-pieces 106, 108 of an T beams 100, 122 as shown in
  • the prongs 344a, 344b are configured to fill the free space between the cross-pieces 106, 108 on either side of the stem 101 of an T beam 100, 122.
  • the gap 318 between the prongs 344a, 344b is configured to receive the stem 101 of such an T beam 100, 122.
  • the base portion 342 and prongs 344a, 344b comprise protrusions 304, 310 as described above in relation to the connector element 300 of Figures 6a-6c.
  • An aperture 346 is provided in each of the prongs 344a, 344b.
  • the apertures 346 are configured to receive a pin or screw 348.
  • the pin/screw 348 can be passed through the aperture 346 of one of the two prongs 344a, through the cut-out hole 102 of the T beam 100, 122 and through the aperture 346 provided in the other prong 344b, then secured to hold the connector in place.
  • Figure 8b depicts such a connector element 340 attached to one end of an T beam 100 in this manner.
  • the connector element 340 may further act as a fixing element. If the pin/ screw 348 is of sufficient length to extend through the second prong 344b, it may also be used to fix the assembly to another structure.
  • the connector element 340 and pin 346 may be formed from a plastic, for example, by moulding, from a metal or any other suitable material.
  • Figures 9a and 9b show an alternative connector element 400.
  • the top view of Figure 9a shows that the element has a substantially square base 402, from which project two sets of prong members 406 of the type described in relation to Figures 6a-6c.
  • the configuration of the prong elements 406 is exactly the same as that of the prong elements 306 previously described in relation to the first connector element 300.
  • Protrusions 410 are provided along the edges of the prong elements 406, as before.
  • the external dimensions of the protrusion 404 are substantially the same as the internal dimensions of the hollow beam member 200 of Figures 4a and 4b, and the corners are rounded in the same way so that the protrusion 404 can engage with the interior of such a beam member 200.
  • the connector element of Figures 9a and 9b is thus useful in connecting two T beams 100, 122 as shown in Figures Ia to Ic and/or Figure 2, and one square beam member 200, 218 as shown in Figures 4a and 4b or in Figure 5.
  • Figures 10, Ha, Hb and 12 show various alternative connector elements comprising additional prong elements 506,606,706 and square protrusions 504,604,704 to allow different assemblies of beam members.
  • the various prong elements 506,606,706 and square protrusions 504,604,704 are substantially identical to those described in reference to the earlier figures. It should also be noted that it would be possible to configure a connector element with just a single set of four prong elements, along with one or more square protrusions as appropriate.
  • the connector element 500 of Figure 10 is an alternative version of the connector element 400 of Figure 9a and 9b. The key difference is that a further substantially square protrusion 504 is provided, for engagement with a further square beam member 200.
  • Figures 11a and lib show a connector element 600, which further comprises an additional set of prong elements 606, to allow connection of a third T beam 100, 122.
  • the connector element 700 of Figure 12 includes a fourth set of prongs 706.
  • Figures 13a and 13b show an angled connector element 800 for use in the described system.
  • the connector element 800 is similar in many ways to the first connector element 300 shown in Figures 6a-6c.
  • the connector 800 once again has radii 802 at the bottom end, and protrusions 804 for engagement with the T beams 100, 122 of Figures Ia-Ic or Figure 2.
  • Two pairs of prong members 812 are once again provided, but rather than extending essentially vertically (as was the case with the prong members 306 in Figure 6a) they are arranged at an angle ⁇ to the vertical.
  • the prong members 812 are provided with protrusions (not shown) along their edges.
  • the protrusions are similar to the protrusions 310,410,510,610,710 of previous connector elements 300,400,500,600,700.
  • the angle ⁇ shown in Figure 13a is approximately 45 degrees, although any number of alternative angles could be chosen. Accordingly, the connector 800 of Figures 13a and 13b allows the assembly of two T beams 100, 122 at a given angle to one another.
  • Figures 14a- 14c show yet another type of connector element 900 for the system.
  • the connector element 900 is essentially a combination of two earlier connector elements 600,800 as shown in Figures 1 Ia-I Ib and Figures 13a- 13b.
  • one of the substantially square protrusions 604 has been replaced by an angled set of prong members 912.
  • the connector element 900 shown in Figures 14a- 14c comprises three sets of straight prong members 906, one set of angled prong members 912 and one substantially square protrusion 904.
  • the angled prongs 912 can best be seen in the view of Figure 14c.
  • Protrusions 910 are shown running along the edges of each straight prong member 906 and each angled prong member 912.
  • the various connector elements 300-900 allow the assembly of the beam members 100,200 or 122, 218 in a number of different configurations. It should also be clear that a number of different arrangements of the various features of the beam members 100, 122, 200, 218 and the connector elements 300-900, previously described, are possible. All obvious variants are considered to be within the scope of the present invention. It is also possible that beam members could be produced which would incorporate the various features of the connector elements, and so could be assembled without the need for separate connector elements.
  • Figure 15a shows another connector element 950 comprising four prongs 952 and a base portion 954.
  • the connector element 950 is similar in shape to the connector element 300 of Figures 6a-6c but is largely hollow.
  • the hollow interior of the connector 950 is most clearly visible in Figure 15b. This not only saves weight, but also allows a material used to file a structure to flow into and fill the connector 950 as well as the cavities formed between, for example, "I" beams 100, 122, in a manner to be described hereinbelow.
  • the connector element 950 includes protrusions 961, 962 on the base portion 954 and prongs 952 respectively, configured to engage with depressions 120 provided on an "I" beam 100, 122.
  • each prong 952 is joined to the base portion 954 of the connector 950 across its entire interior 956, but the exterior of each prong 952 is joined to the base portion 954 of the connector 950 by only a small amount of material 958, shown in Figures 15a to 15c using cross-hatching. These small amounts of material 958 create a gap between the prongs 952 and the base portion 954 and are removable to allow the prongs 952 to be angled relative to the base portion 954.
  • the prongs 952 of the hollow connector 950 are slightly shorter than the prongs 306 of the connector 300 of Figures 6a- 6c.
  • a cross piece 960 prevents an "I" beam 100, 122 from being inserted too far between the prongs 952 of the connector 950. This means that, as best shown in the assembly 964 of Figure 16, a small gap 965 exists between the end of one "I" beam 100 and the side of a second "I" beam 100' when they are joined at right angles.
  • FIG 17a shows another connector element 966 that can be used to join T beams 100, 122 together.
  • the connector element 966 is similar to the connector element 950 of
  • FIGs 15a-15c with the omission of the small portions of material 958 shown with cross- hatching in Figures 15a-15c.
  • the prongs 952 it is possible for the prongs 952 to be angled relative to the base portion 954 of the connector. Each prong 952 remains attached to the base portion 954 by the material at its interior 956. As the prongs 952 are angled, the prongs 952 on one side of the connector element 966 abut the base portion 954, as shown in Figure 17c.
  • the amount by which the prongs 952 can be angled relative to the base portion 954 depends on the flexibility of the material used to make the connector element 966, and the amount of material omitted.
  • the assembly 968 of Figure 18 includes two "I" beams 100, 100' connected by a connector element 966 of Figures 17a-17c.
  • the angle of the prongs 952 of the connector element 966 means that the end of one "I" beam 100 abuts the side of the second "I" beam 100'.
  • the connector element 966 of Figures 17a-17c comprises substantially the same features as the connector element 300 of Figures 6a-6c and the connector element 950 of Figures 15a- 15c.
  • Protrusions 961, 962 are provided on the base portion 954 and prongs 952 respectively to engage with depressions 120 provided on an "I" beam 100, 122.
  • a slot 974 between the prongs 952 is shaped and sized to receive the stem 101 of an T beam 100, 122 or similar.
  • Figures 19a and 19b show another connector element 976 that can be used to join two T beams 100, 122 together at an acute angle.
  • the connector element 976 comprises a base portion 978 and four prongs 980a, 980b, 980c, 98Od on which are provided protrusions 982, 984, in a similar to the connector element 320 of Figure 7.
  • the prongs 980 ate joined to the base portion 984 only over a limited portion of their width, away from the outer edges of the base portion 954, leaving a gap 985 between a lower surface 986 of each prong 980a-980d and an upper surface 987 of the edge of the base portion 954.
  • the lower surfaces 986 of the prongs 980a-980d are shaped so that the gaps 985 become progressively wider towards the ends of the base portion 984.
  • the connector element 976 is formed by moulding a flexible plastic, so that the portions joining the prongs 980a-980d to the base portion 954 can be flexed. As shown in Figure 19b, this allows the prongs 980a-980b to extend at an acute angle to the base portion 954, thereby allowing two T beams 100, 122 to be connected together at that angle.
  • the connector element 976 is used in this manner, the lower surfaces 986 of two of the prongs 980a, 98Od may abut the upper surface 987 of the edge of the base portion 954.
  • the connector element 976 of Figure 19a may be provided with an aperture in its base portion 978. This permits the connector element 976 to function additionally, or alternatively, as a fixing element. As shown in Figure 19c, a screw 988, nail or similar element may then be positioned to extend through the aperture and through a cut-out 102 of an T beam 100, 122 as shown in Figures Ia-Ic or Figure 2 and used to attach the T beam 100, 122 to another structure.
  • Figures 20a and 20b show a connector element 990 for joining together two "I" beams
  • the connector element 990 is similar to the connector element 300 of Figures 6a-6c, but differs in that its base element 992 extends beyond one pair of its prongs. In Figures 20a and 20b, only one prong 994a of that pair is visible. The positioning of that pair of prongs 994a permits the prongs 994a, 994b, 994c to engage the cross-pieces 106, 108 of an T beam with a stem 101 that is shorter than the base portion 954. As shown in Figure 21, the connector element 990 can be used to join a first T beam 100 with a second T beam 996 having a relatively short stem 998, which compared with the stem 101 of the first T beam 100. The engagement of the connector element 990 with the beams 100, 998 is the same as for the connector element 300, and will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 22a Another connector element 1000 is shown in perspective view in Figure 22a.
  • the element 1000 differs from the numerous previous connectors described hereinbefore in that it does not feature any prongs. Instead, the connector element 1000 comprises a beam engaging part 1002, to be received in the space between the stem 101 and cross pieces 106, 108 of an T beam 100, 122, and a cradle part 1004 for supporting another beam.
  • the beam engaging part 1002 is a thin walled part having a shape similar to the base portion of the connector element of Figure 7.
  • the beam engaging part 1002 has radii 1006 to match the radii 104 between the stem 101 and cross pieces 106, 108 of the T beam 100, 122 of Figures Ia-Ic or Figure 2, and has elongate protrusions 1008 to engage the corresponding grooves 120 on such an T beam 100, 122.
  • the cradle part 1004 comprises an "L" shaped support with two diagonal braces 1010 to provide strength and rigidity.
  • a short joining piece 1012 connects one side of the beam engaging part 1002 to a top part of the cradle part 1004.
  • the joining piece 1012 is at right angles to both a vertical part of the "U” shaped beam engaging part 1002, and to a vertical limb 1014 of the "L" shaped cradle part 1004. This profile is clearly shown in the end view of Figure 22b.
  • the beam engaging part 1002 of the connector element 1000 is fully received in the space between the stem 101 and cross pieces 106,108 of an T beam 100.
  • the 'I, beam 100 is arranged so that its stem 101 is lying in the horizontal plane, and the joining piece 1012 overhangs the edge of one cross piece 106 of the beam 100 so that the cradle part 1004 hangs outside the T beam 100.
  • a second T beam 100' can then be supported by the cradle part 1004 of the connector element 1000. Due to the simple shape and configuration of the cradle part 1004, it is not essential for the beam supported by the cradle part 1004 to be an T beam. Any number of different shaped of beams could be supported by the cradle part 1004 of the connector element 1000.
  • FIGS. 24a and 24b show a connector 1020 for joining two T beams 100, 122 end to end.
  • the connector 1020 comprises two sets of four prongs 1022, 1024 which closely resemble the prongs 306 of the connector element 300 of Figures 6a-6c.
  • Each set of prongs 1022 is configured to receive the stem 101 of an T beam 100, 122, and the two sets of prongs 1022, 1024 are aligned with one another so that, in contrast to the connector elements previously described, the connector 1020 can connect to T beams 100, 122 without an angle therebetween.
  • a flange 1026 is provided between the two sets of prongs 1022, 1024 and at right angles thereto. The flange 1026 prevents the T beams passing to far into the connector 1020 and also fills the gap which would otherwise exist between the cross pieces 106, 108 of two T beams 100, 122 being joined together. An assembly 1028 illustrating this is shown in Figure 33. Once again, the engagement of the prongs 1022, 1024 with the T beams 100, 122 is as previously described.
  • connector elements of Figures 20a-2c and 24a-24b are shown as solid components, there is no reason why they could not be made hollow and/or comprise omitted portions as shown in the connector element of Figure 15. The same is true of the numerous other connector elements previously described. Likewise, any of the connectors described could be modified, in a similar way to the connector element shown in Figures 20a and 20b to allow the connection of beams of differing cross sectional area.
  • Figures 26a and 26b show a panel member 1050 for the claimed system.
  • the panel member 1050 shown in Figure 26a is substantially square, and has protrusions or tongues 1052 running along two of its four edges. The remaining two edges comprise similarly configured depressions or grooves 1054.
  • the tongues 1052 and grooves 1054 of the panel 1050 are designed to engage with the tongues 112,212 and grooves 116,216 of the beam members 100, 122, 200, 218.
  • a flat main portion 1056 of the panel member 1050 serves to provide a flat surface when arranged between beam members 100, 122, 200, 218.
  • Figure 22b shows a side view of the panel member 1050.
  • the panel member 1050 is thin, and therefore would not add much weight to a construction in which it was used.
  • Tongues 1052 and grooves 1054 are shown around the periphery of the panel member 1050.
  • Figure 27 depicts a panel member 1060 for use with the beam member 122 of Figure 2.
  • the tongues 1062 and grooves 1064 are configured to complement the protrusions 124 and depressions 130 in the cross pieces of the beam member 122, so that the panel 1062 can be attached to the beam member 122 using a snap- fit.
  • the tongues 1062 and grooves 1064 may comprise complementary latch formations 1066, 1068 to provide a "snap fit" with corresponding formations on T beam members 122.
  • the tongues 1062 and grooves 1064 may be provided with recesses 1070, 1072 for receiving a grommet, as described hereinabove in relation to the T beams 122, 122' shown in Figure 3.
  • Figures 28a-28c show a fixing element 1100 for the system.
  • the fixing element 1100 has a base portion similar to that of the connector elements 300, 800 of Figures 6a-6c and Figures 13a-13b.
  • Radii 1102 are provided to allow the fixing element 1100 to engage with the T beams 100, 122 of Figures Ia-Ic and/or Figure 2.
  • Protrusions 1104 are also provided to engage with the grooves 120 in the faces of the top and bottom cross pieces 106, 108 thereof.
  • Holes 1106 are provided through the fixing element 1100. These holes 1106, of which two are shown in Figures Ha and Hb, allow screws or nails to pass through the fixing element HOO to fix a T beam 100, 122 as shown in Figures la-Id to a flat surface.
  • a fixing element 1100 is positioned on each side of the stem 101 of a T beam 100, 122. The space that exists on either side of the stem 101 is thereby filled. With the holes 1106 of the fixing element 1100 suitably aligned, screws or nails can be used to fix the beam member to an existing wall or floor, without the risk of damaging the stem 101 if the T beam 100, 122.
  • FIG. 29a and 29b An alternative fixing element 1200 is shown in Figures 29a and 29b.
  • the cross section of the fixing element 1200 of Figures 29a-29b is the same as shown in Figure 28b for the earlier fixing element.
  • the significant difference between the fixing element 1200 of Figures 29a-29b and the fixing element HOO of Figures 28a-28c, is that the fixing element 1200 has a length approximately equal in length to the beam members 100, 122, 200, 218 described earlier.
  • Three pairs of holes 1206 are provided, and are evenly spaced along the length of the fixing element 1200.
  • Protrusions 1204 and radii are provided as before.
  • the fixing element 1200 shown in Figures 12a and 12b has the advantage that a number of fixing points are provided in a single part.
  • the fixing element 1200 could also be used as a sealing element, as will be described hereinbelow, as a fill element to provide a flat end to a wall, if this is to be visible, or as part of a door jamb.
  • the fill element 1200 may also be used to insulate a structure, for example, by preventing the ingress of air.
  • the fixing/ fill element 1200 could be provided in a variety of different lengths, and with a variety of different numbers of holes 1206.
  • Figure 30 shows a front view of an alternative fixing element 1300, where only a single hole 1306 is provided. Radii 1302 and protrusions 1304 are provided as previously described.
  • the single hole of fixing element 1300 shown in Figure 30 is equally applicable to the fixing element 1100 of Figures 28a-28c, and to the fixing element 1200 of Figures 29a and 29b.
  • fixing elements and locating pins similar to those already described could be provided without and pre formed holes. The user could then decide where best to position holes for the fixing points, and drill them accordingly. This is of particular relevance to the fixing/ fill element 1200 of Figures 29a and 29b. If no pre formed holes were provided, a cleaner finish to the end of the wall would be possible if this piece were used as a 'fill'.
  • Figure 31 depicts a locating pin 1400 for use in constructing an assembly.
  • the locating pin 1400 comprises a base portion 1402 and four prongs 1404a, 1404b, 1404c, 1404d, similar to the prongs 324a-324d, described above, in relation to the connector element 320 of Figure 7.
  • the prongs 1404a-1404d include respective protrusions 1406a, 1406b, 1406c, 1406d that can be received in the grooves 120 of an T beam member 100, 120.
  • the stem 101 of the T beam 100, 122 can be retained in the gap 1408 that extends between prongs 1404a and 1404b and between prongs 1404c and 1404.
  • the locating pin 1400 can be incorporated into the foundation or footings of a structure. For example, one or more locating pins 1400 can be positioned before the foundations are poured.
  • the base portion 1402 of the pins 1400 include one or more apertures 1410a, 1410b, 1410c, 141Od that are filled with the poured concrete, or similar, of the foundations, to hold the pins 1400 in place.
  • the locating pins 1400 can receive T beams 100, 122 to assist in the positioning and alignment of an assembly built therefrom.
  • the locating pin 1400 can also be used as a fixing element, to attach an T beam 100, 122 or T beam assembly to another structure by passing a screw, nail or similar element, not shown, through one or more apertures 1410a-1410d.
  • One or more locating pins 1400 may also be used as a sealing element.
  • a pair of locating pins 1400 could be used to seal an end of the assembly shown in Figure 3, by placing the prongs 1404a-1404d of each locating pin 1400 around a stem 102 of respective ones of the T beams 122, 122'.
  • Figure 32a shows an assembly of two T beams 100, one basic connector element 300, and one small fixing element 1100.
  • the two T beams 100 are held together at right angles by the basic connector element 300.
  • the horizontal T beam 100 at the bottom of the assembly extends out of the page towards the reader.
  • the protrusions 304 provided on the side of the 'U' shaped portion of the connector element 300 engage with the grooves 120 provided in the faces of the top and bottom cross pieces 106,108 of the horizontal T beam 100.
  • the short grooves 118 of the vertical T beam 100 engage with the long tongues 112 of the horizontal T beam 100.
  • the stem 101 of the vertical T beam 100 is held between the prong members 306 of the connector element 300, as is better shown in Figure 32b.
  • Figure 32b is a view taken at a cross section of Figure 32a, in the direction of arrow B.
  • the prong members 306 of the connector element 300 are clearly shown.
  • the protrusions 310 running along the edge or each prong member 306. These protrusions 310 engage with the grooves 120 in the faces of the top and bottom cross pieces 106,108 of the vertical T beam 100 from Figure 32a.
  • the stem 101 of the T beam 100 is snugly received between the prong members 306.
  • Figure 33 shows an example of a structure 1500 used in the formation of a partition wall, made using the elements described in Figures 32a and 32b.
  • the wall may be constructed as follows.
  • Two vertical T beams 100 are placed against two vertical walls, and are secured in place with the help of four fixing elements 1100.
  • Two further T beams are then provided with a basic connector element 300 at each end.
  • the prong members 306 of the connector elements 300 surround the stem 101 of each T beam 100, with the protrusions 310 and depressions 120 engaged as previously described.
  • the parts of the connector elements 300 that extend beyond the ends of each T beam 100 are then free to engage with the vertically positioned T beams 100 which are already secured in place.
  • the various components are made of a material such as UPVC, then the inherent resilience of the various elements will aid assembly, and help to maintain the parts in their assembled positions. In particular, some of all of the elements could be formed from recycled plastics, using moulding or extrusion techniques.
  • a final beam member 100a is provided to brace the structure.
  • the final beam member 100a is essentially the same as the T beam 100 as previously described, but is shorter in length. It could either be produced as a separate part, of simply be a cut down version of said T beam 100.
  • the shorter beam member 100a is once again provided with a connector element 300 at each end, and is wedged into position between the two horizontal T beams 100 so that the various protrusions and depressions engage as has been described previously.
  • the structure 1500 of Figure 33 provides stud work for an internal partition wall.
  • the structure 1500 is simple and quick to assemble, and aside from fixing the vertical beam members 100 to the walls, no traditional fixing means are required.
  • the wall can be completed by covering the stud work with plasterboard in the usual way. Although it is not desirable, the arrangement shown would allow for some discrepancy between the width of the arrangement and the width of the gap to be filled. If the various parts were assembled prior to fixing the vertical T beams 100 to the walls, then any free space could be absorbed by slightly withdrawing the prong members 306 of the connector elements 300 associated with the horizontal T beams 100 from their stems 101. Minor errors in measurement could be absorbed more easily than with traditional methods.
  • Figure 34 shows an alternative arrangement 1600 for a dividing wall, using the same component parts as the structure 1500 of Figure 33. Additional shorter beam members 100a and connector elements 300 are used to fill the vacant spaces that existed in the structure 1500 of Figure 33. The tongues 112,114 and grooves 116,118 of the beam members 100,100a engage to ensure that none of the beam members 100,100a fall out of the structure.
  • the structure 1600 of Figure 34 provides a complete wall with a flat surface on either side, and thus obviates the need for plasterboard.
  • Figure 35a shows another arrangement 1700.
  • the arrangement 1700 shown in Figure 35a uses flat panels 1050 to present a final flat surface to the finished wall.
  • Long fixing/fill elements 1200 are used on the edges of the wall.
  • the sectional view of Figure 35b shows the connection of the various parts, which is as described in relation to Figures 32a and 32b.
  • Panel members 1050 are shown on both sides of the wall, although it should be noted that it is possible to use them on just one side if desired.
  • FIG. 36a-36c show an alternative structure 1800.
  • the structure 1800 takes the form of a box.
  • the front view of Figure 36a shows two square beam members 200, connected at right angles to two T beams 100, buy appropriate connector elements 400.
  • Figures 36b and 36c are views of the structure 1800 of Figure 36a taken in the direction of arrows B and C respectively.
  • Figure 36b is similar to Figure 36a, except that the cut-outs 202 of the square beam members 200 shown in Figure 36a are not visible in Figure 36b.
  • Figure 36c is a top view of the box structure 1800.
  • the hollow nature of the square beam members 200 can be clearly seen, as can the shape of the connector elements 400 that engage therewith.
  • Four T beams 100 run around the periphery of the box 1800, and panel members 1050 are shown on each side of each of these, between the four square beam members 200.
  • These panel members 1050 form wall for the box structure 1800, although the frame would have sufficient strength and rigidity without them.
  • Figure 37 shows an end view of a further structure 1900 which could be, for example, a temporary structure, garden storage unit or a child's playhouse.
  • the structure is made up of beam members 100,200; connector elements 300,400, and panel members 1050 as described in the previous structures 1500-1800. Additional connector elements
  • 500,600,800,900 are also used in the structure.
  • the use of angled connectors 800,900 allows connection of beam members 100,200 at angles other than 90 degrees.
  • the various connections shown in the drawing have been described at length in relation to previous embodiments and will not be repeated again here.
  • Figure 38 shows an end view of a structure 2000 very similar to the structure 1900 of Figure 37.
  • the panel members 1050 have been dispensed with, and instead, cylindrical rods 2001 are supported in the cut-outs 102 of the T beams 100, to provide some structure between the beam members 100,200.
  • Figure 39 shows an alternative arrangement of components forming a pitched roof 2100 of a structure similar to that shown in Figures 37 and 38, including beam members 100, 200, as shown in Figures Ia-Ic and 3a-3b, and connector elements 800, 900, as shown in Figures 13a-13b and 14a- 14c respectively, along with specialized beam members 2200, 2300.
  • specialist beam members 2200 and 2300 are employed in the structure 2100 of Figure 39.
  • the specialist beam members 2200, 2300 are shown in greater detail in the following figures.
  • Figure 40 shows an eave beam 2200 in use in the structure 2100 of Figure 39.
  • Figure 40 is a close up of the area marked 40 in Figure 39.
  • the eave beam 2200 is, in many ways, similar to the "I" beams 100, 122 previously described. The key difference is that the top cross piece 2206 of the eave beam 2200 extends for a distance beyond the end of the stem 2201 and bottom cross piece 2208. This allows a member of eave beams 2200 to be used alongside one another, or in conjunction with panel members, to provide overhanging eaves at the edge of a pitched roof, as shown in Figures 39 and 40.
  • the cross section of the eave beam 2200 is the same as that of the I' beams 100, so the same connector elements 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 can be used.
  • FIG 41 is a close up of the area marked 41 in Figure 39.
  • a ridge beam 2300 is shown in the place of an T beam 100 at the apex of the structure 2100 of Figure 39.
  • the ridge beam 2300 comprises an T beam-type portion 2302, similar to the T beams 100, 122 as previously described, with a large overhanging cover 2322 mounted on its top cross piece 2306.
  • the cover might be formed as an integral part of the T beam 100 with the combined structure being manufactured using extrusion, moulding or another suitable process.
  • the cover 2322 is distanced from the top cross piece 2306 of the ridge beam 2300 by two short vertical members 2324, and both the cover 2322 and vertical members 2324 extend along the full length of the ridge beam 2300, as can be seen in Figure 42b.
  • the cross section of the ridge beam 2300 is shown in isolation in Figure 42c.
  • the figure shows that the cover 2322 comprises a top portion 2326, running parallel with the top and bottom cross pieces 2306, 2308 of the ridge beam 2300, and two wings 2328 each extending at an angle to the top portion 2326.
  • the angle ⁇ shown in Figure 42b is approximately 45° so that the wings 2328 follow the angle of the pitched roof shown in Figure 39. It should be apparent that if a different pitch is employed, by varying the angle ⁇ of the connectors 800, then the angle ⁇ of the wings 2328 may also be varied.
  • the "I" cross section of the ridge beam 2300 is the same as that of the "I" beam 100, 122.
  • FIG 43a depicts an assembly 2400 of the T beam members 100 of Figures Ia-Ic, the elongate formations 124, 130 of which are arranged to engage one another.
  • the assembly 2400 is sealed using an elongate filling element, such as the filling element 1200 shown in Figures 29a-29b, fitted in the T beam members 100, 100' at either end of the assembly 2400.
  • Filing elements such as the filling elements 1100, 1300 shown in Figures 28a-28c and Figure 30 or the locating pin 1400 shown in Figure 31, may be used to seal the spaces between adjacent T beam members 100, 100' where necessary.
  • an assembly of T beams 100, 100' may be constructed using locating pins 1400 and/or other sealing elements then filled in with concrete 2402. Concrete 2402 is then poured into the assembly between the stems 101 of adjacent T beams 100 and flows through the cut-outs 102 before setting, to provide the structure 2404 shown in Figure 43b.
  • Figure 44 depicts an alternative method for producing the structure of Figure 43b, in which the concrete 2012 is poured through the cutouts 102 of the T beams 100, 100'.
  • This technique may be used to reinforce structures made using any appropriate combination of the building elements described above, subject to the inclusion of suitable sealing.
  • a structure comprising the T beams 100, 122 of Figures Ia-Ic or 2, together with connector and panel members 1050, 1060 could be filled in using concrete 2402.
  • This technique could also be used with, say, a plurality of T shaped sections that had been moulded as a single piece.
  • Figures 45 to 49 depict examples of other elements for use in a building system, according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 45a depicts an 1' beam 2500.
  • the stem 2502 and cross- pieces 2504, 2506 of the T beam are formed of separate extruded metal pieces that have been joined together, for example, by welding.
  • the T beam 2500 may be extruded as a single piece of metal or a plastic.
  • the T beam 2500 were to be made from a plastic, it could be extruded or moulded as a single piece.
  • the stem 2502 may be provided with cut-out 2508, as described hereinabove in relation to the T beam 100 of Figures Ia-Ic.
  • the edges of the cross-pieces 2504, 2506 of the T beam 2500 are curved to form rolled-over portions that define channels 2508a, 2508b, 2510a, 2510b.
  • the channels 2508a, 2508b, 2510a, 2510b extend along the length of the T beam 2500.
  • Figures 46a and 46b depict a connector member 2600 for use with the T beam 2500 of Figures 45a-45b.
  • the connector member 2600 comprises two prongs 2602a, 2602b separated by a slot 2604.
  • the slot 2604 is configured to receive the stem 2602 of an T beam 2500.
  • the slot 2604 does not extend through the whole of the connector element 2600, leaving base portions 2606, 2608 at which the prongs 2602a, 2602b are joined to one another. Edges of the base portion 2606, 2608 are curved, to form projections 2610, 2612 extending along the base of the prongs 2602a, 2602b.
  • the prongs 2602a, 2602b may include cut-outs 2614, in order to reduce the weight and the amount of material therein.
  • the projections 2610, 2612 are normally separated by a distance greater than that separating a pair of channels 2508a, 2510a or 2508a, 2510b of the T beam 2500.
  • the connector element 2600 may be compressed to allow its base portions 2606, 2608 to fit between the cross-pieces 2502, 2504 of the T beam and then allowed to expand, under its own resilience.
  • the projections 2610, 2612 co-operate with respective channels 2508a, 2510a of the T beam to prevent disengagement of the connector member 2600 from the T beam 2500.
  • the connector element 2600 can be retained between the cross-pieces 2504, 2506 of the T beam 2500 by a combination of such "spring action" and the co-operation of the projections 2610, 2612 with the channels 2508a, 2510a of the T beam 2500.
  • Figure 47 depicts an assembly 2700 comprising two T beams 2500, 2500' as shown in Figures 45a-45b and a connector element 2600 as shown in Figures 46a-46b.
  • the connector element 2600 is clipped onto the first T beam 2500 as described above and receives a stem 2502' of a second T beam 2500' in its slot 2604.
  • the base portions 2606, 2608 may extend above the cross-pieces of the 2504, 2506 of the T beam 2500.
  • the second T beam 2500' may be prevented from abutting the cross-pieces 2504, 2506 of the first T beam 2500, resulting in a gap at the position indicated 2702 in Figure 47.
  • Figure 48 depicts an alternative connector element arrangement 2800 in which this potential problem is avoided.
  • the arrangement 2800 of Figure 48 comprises two separate connector elements 2802a, 2802b, each comprising a single prong.
  • the base portions of the connector elements 2802a-b are provided with projections 2804a, 2804b, 2804c, 2804d, in the manner described above in relation to the base portions of the connector element 2600 of Figures 46a-46b.
  • the connector elements 2802a, 2802b may be provided with cut-outs 2810a, 2810b for reasons of reduced weight and improved use of material.
  • Figure 49 depicts the connector element arrangement 2800 when used to connect two of the T beams 2500, 2500' shown in Figures 45a-45b.
  • the connector elements 2802a, 2802b are biased to provide a spring- action to assist their retention between the cross-pieces 2504, 2506 of a first T beam 2500.
  • the projections 2804a, 2804b co-operate with the channels 2508a, 2510a to prevent the disengagement of the connector elements 2802a, 2802b from the first T beam 2500.
  • the connector elements 2802a, 2802b are placed either side of a stem 2502' of the second T beam 2500', so that the second T beam is held in place.
  • the various components of the building system of Figures 1 to 31 were described above as being formed from UPVC or a similar material, they could also be formed from a number of alternative materials if the specific application so demanded. For example, if Aircrete was used to form the various parts, then load bearing structures could be made. There would also be benefits in terms of fire proofing. The resilience associated with UPVC components would, however, be lost.
  • one or more of the building elements may be formed of a relatively light material, such as polystyrene, as the filling material can act as a reinforcement.
  • one or more of the building elements could be formed from metal, pressed fibreboard or chipboard.
  • the components depicted in Figures 45 to 49 could be made of materials other than metal, including UPVC.
  • the beam members 100, 122, 200, 218, 2200, 2300, 2500 can be manufactured in the lengths and sizes required for a particular application and/or in standard sizes. Depending on the materials used to form the beams 100, 122, 200, 218, 2200, 2300, 2500, the beams 100, 122, 200, 218, 2200, 2300, 2500 may be supplied in one or more standard lengths and cut to size, if required.
  • the building elements may be arranged to carry a visual indication of their properties.
  • different colouring agents could be added to the plastic.
  • beams suitable for load- bearing purposes could be formed of plastic of a first colour
  • beams that are suitable only for non-load-bearing applications could be formed of a different plastic, with a second colour.
  • the invention is not considered to be limited to the configurations and materials described above.
  • the configuration of the structure and, to a certain extent, the material of the component parts would be dependent on a specific application.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de construction. Le système comprend plusieurs éléments comprenant un ou plusieurs éléments de poutre (100, 100', 122, 122') et, facultativement, des raccords (950), des panneaux, des éléments de remplissage, des éléments d'étanchéité, des éléments de fixation, etc. Les éléments (100, 100', 122, 122', 950) comprennent des premières formations, telles que des saillies (114, 124, 142, 961, 962), et/ou des secondes formations, telles que des creux (118, 120, 130, 144), qui sont complémentaires des premières formations. Les premières formations (114, 124, 142, 961, 962) sont configurées pour coopérer avec les secondes formations (118, 120, 130, 144) d'un autre élément pour permettre l'assemblage des éléments dans l'une d'un certain nombre de configurations sans nécessiter de moyens de fixation classiques. Lorsqu'ils sont prévus, des raccords (950) peuvent être formés d'un matériau élastique pour leur permettre d'être pincés dans et/ou sur les éléments de poutre (100, 100', 122, 122'). Un tel assemblage peut, si nécessaire, être renforcé par versement d'un matériau durcissable, tel que du béton, pour remplir les espaces entre les éléments de poutre (100, 100', 122, 122'). Les éléments de poutre (100, 100', 122, 122') peuvent être faits à partir de n'importe lequel d'une diversité de matériaux, y compris un matériau recyclé, et peuvent comprendre une indication visuelle de leurs propriétés ou de leur but prévu.
PCT/EP2008/052330 2007-02-26 2008-02-26 Système de construction Ceased WO2008104550A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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EP08709223A EP2129841A2 (fr) 2007-02-26 2008-02-26 Système de construction

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0703708A GB2446800A (en) 2007-02-26 2007-02-26 Modular building system
GB0703708.8 2007-02-26

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WO2008104550A2 true WO2008104550A2 (fr) 2008-09-04
WO2008104550A3 WO2008104550A3 (fr) 2008-12-31

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2463255A (en) * 2008-09-05 2010-03-10 William Andrew Makinson Box beam jointing system

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2172579A5 (fr) * 1972-02-18 1973-09-28 Normandie Monolithes
US3989399A (en) * 1974-10-04 1976-11-02 Slowbe Joseph A Structural joint assembly
FR2428113A1 (fr) * 1978-06-06 1980-01-04 Algrin Maurice Procede pour la construction d'ouvrages architecturaux
US4328651A (en) * 1980-01-14 1982-05-11 American Beverage Machinery, Inc. Precast concrete constructions
US4586841A (en) * 1984-06-01 1986-05-06 Hunter Richard P Suspended ceiling
EP0392142A1 (fr) * 1989-04-12 1990-10-17 Karl Friedrich Stuber Elément de construction pour bâtiments ou similaires et son procédé de fabrication
WO1991006725A1 (fr) * 1989-11-01 1991-05-16 Peter John Warneford Systemes de construction de structures modulaires
NL194304C (nl) * 1993-03-05 2001-12-04 Konink Bakker Rubberfabriek B Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een, een voeg bezittende betonconstructie en het hierbij aanbrengen van een rubber-afdichtstrook alsmede rubber-afdichtstrook en injectiebuissamenstel voor toepassing hierbij.
FR2717848B1 (fr) * 1994-03-23 1996-05-31 Desjoyaux Piscines Panneau pour la réalisation de bassins de rétention.
US5680735A (en) * 1995-03-08 1997-10-28 Bates; Gary Grant Modular buiding system
DE69630125D1 (de) * 1995-07-28 2003-10-30 Pagano Engineering S R L Zweidimensionale-fertigbauanordnung für wohn- und industriegebäuden aus modularen, ausgerüsteten holzpanelen
AU750352B2 (en) * 1999-11-29 2002-07-18 Harambasic, Bahra A building structure utilising modular building elements

Also Published As

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EP2129841A2 (fr) 2009-12-09
GB0703708D0 (en) 2007-04-04
GB2446800A (en) 2008-08-27
WO2008104550A3 (fr) 2008-12-31

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