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WO2008155184A1 - Article d'habillement doté d'un élément capteur pour surveiller la respiration et l'activité cardiaque - Google Patents

Article d'habillement doté d'un élément capteur pour surveiller la respiration et l'activité cardiaque Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008155184A1
WO2008155184A1 PCT/EP2008/056116 EP2008056116W WO2008155184A1 WO 2008155184 A1 WO2008155184 A1 WO 2008155184A1 EP 2008056116 W EP2008056116 W EP 2008056116W WO 2008155184 A1 WO2008155184 A1 WO 2008155184A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensor
garment
sensor element
garment according
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2008/056116
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marko Rocznik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of WO2008155184A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008155184A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
    • A61B5/024—Measuring pulse rate or heart rate
    • A61B5/02438—Measuring pulse rate or heart rate with portable devices, e.g. worn by the patient
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
    • A61B5/024—Measuring pulse rate or heart rate
    • A61B5/02444—Details of sensor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/08—Measuring devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
    • A61B5/0806—Measuring devices for evaluating the respiratory organs by whole-body plethysmography
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Measuring devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor or mobility of a limb
    • A61B5/113—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor or mobility of a limb occurring during breathing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4806—Sleep evaluation
    • A61B5/4818—Sleep apnoea
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
    • A61B5/6804—Garments; Clothes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
    • G08B21/0202—Child monitoring systems using a transmitter-receiver system carried by the parent and the child
    • G08B21/0205—Specific application combined with child monitoring using a transmitter-receiver system
    • G08B21/0211—Combination with medical sensor, e.g. for measuring heart rate, temperature
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
    • A61B2560/04—Constructional details of apparatus
    • A61B2560/0456—Apparatus provided with a docking unit
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
    • A61B2562/0219—Inertial sensors, e.g. accelerometers, gyroscopes, tilt switches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a garment having a sensor for monitoring respiration and cardiac activity, a receiver unit tuned to that sensor, and the use of an inertial sensor for monitoring respiration and cardiac activity.
  • SIDS Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
  • SIDS Foreground. Sudden infant death is the accidental death of an infant or toddler usually in the first year of life.
  • the risk factors include, among others, the prone position of the child during sleep or excessive warming.
  • SIDS leads to respiratory arrest and, as a consequence, to SIDS
  • Oxygen deficiency which can lead to rapid and rapid deterioration of organ functions and cardiac arrest.
  • Devices which monitor vital bodily functions, particularly in neonates and infants, to prevent sudden infant death.
  • monitoring mats which are intended to detect the movements of children. Such mats have been found to be very susceptible to interference and lead to frequent false alarms.
  • US 4,657,025 describes an electromagnetic sensor as a signal generator for the simultaneous detection of heart rate and respiratory rate.
  • the signal generator consists of a cylindrical magnet which is surrounded by an electric coil. When the electric coil is moved, an electric current is generated in proportion to the movement and a voltage proportional to the frequency of the relative movement between the coil and the magnet generated.
  • Heart rate and respiratory rate signals are electronically combined and a circuit detects the integrated energy of both signals. By a simple electronic circuit, a deviation from normal or predetermined values is determined and possibly triggered an alarm.
  • This sensor is expensive and just unsuitable for use in children because it generates a constant electromagnetic load.
  • US 5,914,660 describes a position monitoring device for prone prevention.
  • This device comprises a position indicator device which is connected to a signaling circuit.
  • the position indicator device generated
  • Signals in response to a prone position of the child during sleep may be, for example, an optical sensor that interacts with a reflective or reflective or other marker, which in turn is attached to the child. If a signal is generated in response to a SIDS-dangerous abdominal or lateral position this is transmitted to a receiving unit and generates an alarm signal.
  • the system is unable to detect sudden infant death from respiratory and / or cardiac arrest in the supine position.
  • sensors are integrated into baby clothing, especially a baby body.
  • the sensors require direct contact with the infant or toddler.
  • a corresponding piece of clothing such as a special baby body, must be provided, which contains the sensors and is expensive in its execution.
  • the different sensors are also being developed that, similar to heart rate monitors (ECG principle), measure cardiac activity and control breathing through the movement of the thorax and the abdominal wall.
  • ECG principle heart rate monitors
  • Sensors for monitoring to evaluate the data are connected by cable to a computer or laptop on which a corresponding monitoring and evaluation program is running.
  • Pulse oximetry is a principle of pulse oximetry. Pulse oximetry is a
  • Indication for respiratory arrest dar is susceptible to interference, especially during movements.
  • the oxygen saturation may not be or can no longer be determined with sufficient accuracy. This leads to frequent false alarms.
  • the use of pulse oximeters is not practical because they can trample off the saturation and thus the fluoroscopic unit of arms or legs.
  • the application of the described equipment is therefore often complicated and in many cases requires a fixed cabling of the infant. Therefore, the known devices often have a low wearing comfort. As a result, the toddler often does not accept these devices and tries to puncture or lose them. In addition, there is also the risk of slipping of the sensors.
  • SIDS monitor which integrates a light guide into which light is coupled into the child's clothing.
  • a simple plastic fiber as a light guide in a T-shirt or baby
  • a garment with a sensor element for measuring respiration and heart activity wherein the sensor element is in a housing contains at least one micromechanical sensor, a chip (IC) with integrated evaluation circuit and a power supply unit and wherein the sensor is a single or multi-axis inertial sensor.
  • the sensor element is in a housing contains at least one micromechanical sensor, a chip (IC) with integrated evaluation circuit and a power supply unit and wherein the sensor is a single or multi-axis inertial sensor.
  • Inertial sensors measure the acceleration and / or the rate of rotation with respect to the inertial space. Inertial sensors themselves are known and can advantageously be produced in a micromechanical manner with low space requirements and weight in a simple and inexpensive manner.
  • Movement of the abdominal wall which can be measured in the form of an acceleration by the inertial sensor contained in the sensor element according to the invention.
  • the sensor and the circuits, in particular the signal processing on the chip can advantageously be adapted to the particular requirements and bandwidth of the measuring range of the heart rate (pulse) and have the corresponding sensitivity.
  • the inertial sensor is preferably a low-g acceleration sensor which, together with the integrated evaluation circuit on the chip, can detect and evaluate the heartbeat of a child, in particular of an infant, particularly well.
  • the sensor element may include one or more acceleration sensors and / or
  • Rate of rotation sensors as an inertial sensor include.
  • the same acceleration sensor can be used as for the heartbeat measurement.
  • an acceleration sensor is used, which only evaluates the amplitude change of one direction.
  • the one inertial sensor is in this case then selected so that during the twisting motion of the sensor of the
  • each 90 ° to each other arranged acceleration sensors can be used.
  • the total vector of gravity can be calculated. A location differentiation of this vector gives the rotation that provides the respiratory movement as a measure.
  • a breath-rotary motion can alternatively a single or multi-axis
  • Yaw rate sensor can be used. This can be accommodated with an acceleration sensor in the same silicon or quartz or even with this in a single Implemented structure be implemented. According to the invention, a plurality of individual inertial sensors can be used which are contacted, in particular bonded, to the chip. By a multiplication of the sensors used and the connection of the sensor signals to a common signal processing can advantageously the sensor element to the respective requirements, such as
  • the item of clothing according to the invention is designed such that the signal acquisition, the signal evaluation and the evaluation of the
  • Respiration and heart activity can be done within the sensor. A deviation from predefined defined standard values can thus be detected particularly quickly and an alarm state can be detected. This allows short signal and current paths. If the alarm occurs, the sensor can transmit the collected data very quickly to a receiver by radio.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that the power supply unit of the sensor may be a battery or a rechargeable battery. This has the advantage of being such
  • the power supply unit may particularly preferably comprise a high-capacitance capacitor and a coil.
  • the use of a high-capacitance capacitor and a coil has the additional advantage over the use of batteries or rechargeable batteries that such a power supply unit no further tightness requirements of the
  • Housing provides, as it may require the use of batteries for the purpose of replacement, or of rechargeable batteries for charging.
  • the preferred capacitor can be charged via the coil, which in turn can be powered by an external magnetic alternating field with energy.
  • the charging process can be controlled by the chip.
  • the capacitor can advantageously be charged within a few seconds.
  • a power-saving circuit concept can ensure a sufficient operating time, for example of about one day.
  • the housing may be formed by a potting compound. It can be used here, for example, casting compounds are used as they are known for potting ICs. - -
  • the shape of the housing may form the outer end shape of the garment.
  • the garment may be a garment button containing an inertial sensor measuring respiration and cardiac activity.
  • Such a button can be easily attached to clothing, such as by stitching or a push-button mechanism on a romp or shirt.
  • Such a button can be provided from the outset or simply retrofitted.
  • neither direct skin contact nor wiring is necessary.
  • such a garment button can be made standardized in large quantities.
  • a radio signal can be sent from the sensor to an external receiver unit in case of alarm.
  • This has the advantage that only then electromagnetic radiation is emitted when the alarm has occurred. An ongoing exposure to electromagnetic radiation can be avoided.
  • An alarm case can be triggered if the measured data for respiration and / or heartbeat deviate from previously defined normal or limit values.
  • an alarm case can also be defined if the charge state of the sensor falls below a certain value or an error in the function is detected.
  • a receiver unit is furthermore provided which is matched to the sensor element in the item of clothing according to the invention and generates an optical and / or acoustic alarm signal in the event of an alarm.
  • a detected respiratory and / or cardiac arrest can be displayed as quickly as possible and prevented by the timely alert, usually the parents, deaths.
  • the receiver unit may comprise a charging and / or data transmission unit for the sensor.
  • the charging station can thus be in the same device according to the invention, which receives the measured data or
  • the chip of the SIDS sensor element can advantageously receive a coding and / or parameters of the child at the same time.
  • normative and limit values for cardiac activity and respiration can be determined individually and the measuring range can be precisely determined.
  • the invention further relates to the use of an inertial sensor for monitoring respiration and cardiac activity, in particular for the prevention of sudden infant death.
  • FIG. 1a is a sectional view of a clothing button according to the invention
  • FIG. Ib is a plan view of the garment button of the invention of Figure 1 a with the top open housing.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a receiver unit corresponding to the garment button of FIG.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the functional units of a sensor element according to the invention and a receiver unit as a whole system.
  • a garment 1a shows a garment 1, namely in the form of a garment button with a single or multi-axis inertial sensor as micromechanical sensor 2 in a sectional view.
  • the sensor 2 is a low-g acceleration sensor.
  • the garment button 1 comprises, in addition to the sensor 2, which absorbs the acceleration values, a chip 3.
  • the chip 3 is arranged on the sensor 2 in the embodiment shown.
  • a capacitor 4 and a coil 5 is preferably used as a power supply unit.
  • the capacitor 4 is preferably a low-leakage high-capacitance capacitor. Such a capacitor 4 has the advantage that it can be charged very quickly.
  • the housing 6 may preferably be formed and formed by a potting compound, which advantageously simultaneously connect the various components, protect and form the outer button shape.
  • the housing 6 may be designed so that directly at the
  • an eyelet 10 for sewing on clothing is provided with.
  • the attachment of the item of clothing 1 to the sensor element preferably takes place on the clothing, in particular in the form of a button, in the area between the sternum and the abdominal wall.
  • the housing 6 may, for example, comprise means for a detachable push-button connection. This can make a sequential attachment to different garments possible.
  • the sensor element can also be integrated in the garment, ie sewn inside a bag, for example.
  • the sensor 2 and the chip 3 may, as shown in the figure, be separate components, alternatively, the sensor 2 may be technologically integrated in the chip 3.
  • the chip 3 can be a so-called ASIC (application-specific integrated Circuit) with a digital circuit in which an evaluation algorithm for PuIs- and / or breathing movement is stored and runs. This can be done either by means of a CPU or integrated directly into the logic.
  • ASIC application-specific integrated Circuit
  • Fig. Ib shows the garment button 1 of Fig. Ia in a plan view.
  • the housing 6 can be designed round.
  • the outer shape of the housing 6 can also be variable to different
  • the chip 3 with attached sensor 2 can be arranged on the capacitor 4.
  • the coil 5 is arranged circumferentially around the capacitor 4.
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of an external receiver unit 7 in conjunction with the clothing button 1 comprising a sensor element from FIGS. 1a and 1b.
  • the receiver unit 7 can be configured as an alarm unit and at the same time as a charging station.
  • the receiver unit 7 may have a data transmission and charging field 8.
  • an antenna 9 can be arranged on the receiver unit. Before putting on the garment provided with the garment button sensor element 1, it can be held for a few seconds on the panel 8 of the external receiving unit 7 so that it can be charged with power and data. After charging the controls
  • Chip 3 its power supply from the capacitor 4. Tilting its charge towards the end, the sensor element in the garment button 1 send a warning signal that prompts you to reload.
  • the charging field 8 for charging and data feed can also be switched to receive.
  • the function of the transmitting unit can thus be checked.
  • the correctness of the written data can thus be checked and the capacitance of the capacitor 5 can be determined.
  • the sensor element in clothing button 1 associated receiving antenna may for example be installed as a loop antenna directly in the cot or on the stroller or designed as a mobile additional antenna. The latter can be positioned under a mattress, for example.
  • the chip 3 shows a schematic representation of the functional units of a sensor element according to the invention and of a receiver unit as an overall system.
  • the chip 3 (ASIC) represents the intelligent part of the system.
  • the chip 3 consists of a power-saving analog front-end, which is switched on under the control of a signal processing unit only for measurement.
  • the micromechanical sensor 2 picks up the acceleration values and transmits these signals to the chip 3. Since the signal processing and calculation of the measurements of cardiac activity and respiration is digital, an analog-to-digital converter is provided on the chip 3. In addition, a digital-to-analog converter can also be provided. Child-specific parameters can be retrieved from a RAM. These parameters may preferably be written to RAM during the charging process by a transceiver unit 7a.
  • the chip 3 controls its Power supply from the capacitor 4 forms the preferred power supply unit of the sensor element together with the coil 5.
  • a charge control in the chip 3 can ensure that the capacitor 4 is optimally charged and this is protected from too high Ladeendschreib.
  • the power supply control on the chip 3 can advantageously be ensured an optimal, sufficiently long operating time of the sensor element.
  • the chip 3 can transmit the signals and parameters to the receiving and alarm unit 7b, which can then preferably emit an acoustic and / or optical alarm signal directly. In this way, a detected respiratory and / or cardiac arrest can be displayed as quickly as possible and prevented by the timely alert, usually the parents, deaths.
  • a concept comprising a garment with a sensor element is provided according to the invention which has a simple and inexpensive construction and with which the respiratory and cardiac function, in particular for the prevention of sudden infant death, can be reliably measured.
  • the evaluation and secure transmission of the data to an assigned receiver unit can be wireless.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un article d'habillement doté d'un élément capteur pour mesurer la respiration et l'activité cardiaque. L'élément capteur contient, dans un boîtier, au moins un capteur, une puce (IC) avec circuit d'évaluation intégré et une unité d'alimentation en courant, le capteur étant un capteur d'inertie à un ou plusieurs axes, ainsi qu'une unité de réception ajustée à l'élément capteur. L'invention concerne d'autre part l'utilisation d'un capteur d'inertie pour surveiller la respiration et l'activité cardiaque, notamment pour empêcher la mort subite du nourrisson.
PCT/EP2008/056116 2007-06-18 2008-05-19 Article d'habillement doté d'un élément capteur pour surveiller la respiration et l'activité cardiaque Ceased WO2008155184A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007027899A DE102007027899A1 (de) 2007-06-18 2007-06-18 Bekleidungsstück mit einem Sensorelement zur Überwachung von Atmung und Herztätigkeit
DE102007027899.5 2007-06-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008155184A1 true WO2008155184A1 (fr) 2008-12-24

Family

ID=39711351

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2008/056116 Ceased WO2008155184A1 (fr) 2007-06-18 2008-05-19 Article d'habillement doté d'un élément capteur pour surveiller la respiration et l'activité cardiaque

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102007027899A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008155184A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9032762B2 (en) 2010-12-08 2015-05-19 Groupe Ctt Inc. Fully integrated three-dimensional textile electrodes

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9572532B2 (en) * 2009-01-23 2017-02-21 Qualcomm Incorporated Button sensor

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004043263A2 (fr) * 2002-11-07 2004-05-27 Block, David, Cesar Dispositif de monitorage des mouvements respiratoires
GB2396043A (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-09 John Phizackerley Baby alarm with tilt sensor
WO2006038074A1 (fr) * 2004-10-01 2006-04-13 Melexis Nv Dispositif de surveillance respiratoire
DE102004056379A1 (de) * 2004-08-03 2006-04-20 Stefan Dietrich Vorrichtung zur Überwachung einer eine Windel tragenden Person
WO2007074345A1 (fr) * 2005-12-28 2007-07-05 Cradle Safe Limited Appareil d'avertissement personnel

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4657025A (en) 1981-12-09 1987-04-14 Carl Orlando Heart and breathing alarm monitor
US5914660A (en) 1998-03-26 1999-06-22 Waterview Llc Position monitor and alarm apparatus for reducing the possibility of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004043263A2 (fr) * 2002-11-07 2004-05-27 Block, David, Cesar Dispositif de monitorage des mouvements respiratoires
GB2396043A (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-09 John Phizackerley Baby alarm with tilt sensor
DE102004056379A1 (de) * 2004-08-03 2006-04-20 Stefan Dietrich Vorrichtung zur Überwachung einer eine Windel tragenden Person
WO2006038074A1 (fr) * 2004-10-01 2006-04-13 Melexis Nv Dispositif de surveillance respiratoire
WO2007074345A1 (fr) * 2005-12-28 2007-07-05 Cradle Safe Limited Appareil d'avertissement personnel

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9032762B2 (en) 2010-12-08 2015-05-19 Groupe Ctt Inc. Fully integrated three-dimensional textile electrodes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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