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WO2008150950A1 - Additifs destinés à la réduction des émissions d'échappement de moteurs à auto-allumage - Google Patents

Additifs destinés à la réduction des émissions d'échappement de moteurs à auto-allumage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008150950A1
WO2008150950A1 PCT/US2008/065208 US2008065208W WO2008150950A1 WO 2008150950 A1 WO2008150950 A1 WO 2008150950A1 US 2008065208 W US2008065208 W US 2008065208W WO 2008150950 A1 WO2008150950 A1 WO 2008150950A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
nitrate
emissions
additive composition
distillate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2008/065208
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English (en)
Inventor
Bradley G. Harrell
Michael J. Zetlmeisl
Christopher Gallagher
Jianzhong Yang
Andrew J. Mccallum
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baker Hughes Holdings LLC
Original Assignee
Baker Hughes Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baker Hughes Inc filed Critical Baker Hughes Inc
Publication of WO2008150950A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008150950A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1625—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/1633—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/1641—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds from compounds containing aliphatic monomers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/1811—Organic compounds containing oxygen peroxides; ozonides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/221—Organic compounds containing nitrogen compounds of uncertain formula; reaction products where mixtures of compounds are obtained
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
    • C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to additives for distillate fuels, and more particularly relates, in one embodiment to reducing exhaust emissions for hydrocarbon fuels using chemical additives.
  • compositions for reducing the emissions of distillate fuels that includes a homopolymer such as polyisobutylene (PIB), polypropylene (PP), and/or a hyperbranched polymer.
  • PIB polyisobutylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • hyperbranched polymer a homopolymer
  • PIB polyisobutylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • EHN 2- ethyhexylnitrate
  • peroxide such as hydrogen peroxide
  • distillate fuels such as diesel fuels, gasoline, jet fuels, or kerosene, having reduced emissions, that contains an effective amount of a composition to reduce emissions of a homopolymer that may be polyisobutylene, polypropylene, and/or a hyperbranched polymer, and optionally an alkyl nitrate and/or a peroxide.
  • Also provided in another non-limiting embodiment are methods for reducing emissions of a distillate fuel by adding to the fuel an effective amount of a composition that includes a homopolymer that may be polyisobutylene, polypropylene, and/or a hyperbranched polymer, and optionally an alkyl nitrate and/or a peroxide.
  • a composition that includes a homopolymer that may be polyisobutylene, polypropylene, and/or a hyperbranched polymer, and optionally an alkyl nitrate and/or a peroxide.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph of NOx emissions in a distillate fuel showing NOx reduction measured as % as a function of total concentration of the additives herein;
  • FIG. 2 is a graph of particulate matter emissions measured as a function of the total concentration of the additives for the fuels of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is another graph of NOx emissions in a distillate fuel showing NOx reduction measured as % as a function of total concentration of an additive composition containing 10% hyperbranched polyalpha-olefin (HPAO) and 70% 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN), the balance being solvent; and
  • FIG. 4 is a graph of particulate emissions (PM) in a distillate fuel showing NOx reduction measured as % as a function of total concentration of an additive composition containing 10% hyperbranched polyalpha-olefin (HPAO) and 70% 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN), the balance being solvent.
  • PM particulate emissions
  • the methods and compositions herein relate to reducing the amount of exhaust emissions resulting from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in compression ignition engines such as internal combustion engines.
  • the additives reduce NOx emissions and/or particulate matter.
  • the methods and compositions herein concern a fuel additive formulation that includes a polymer.
  • Suitable polymers are homopolymers including, but not necessarily limited to, polyisobutylene, polypropylene, hyperbranched polymers, and in particular hyperbranched polyalpha-olefins (PAO), and the like.
  • the hyperbranched polyalpha-olefins may be hyperbranched polymers of C4-C30 alpha-olefins, where the alpha-olefins may be acid- or alcohol-functionalized, and mixtures and derivatives thereof.
  • the polymer presence lowers NOx and in many embodiments also lowers particulate matter (PM).
  • the additive composition herein may also optionally contain a component that may be an alkyl nitrate and/or a peroxide.
  • Suitable alkyl nitrates include, but are not necessarily limited to, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (2EHN), CH 3 (CH 2 ) S CH(C 2 H 5 )CH 2 ONO 2 , iso-propyl nitrate, iso-amylnitrate, iso-hexylni- trate, cyclohexyl nitrate, dodecyl nitrate, diglycol nitrate and tetraglycol nitrate and the like. Ether nitrates and fatty acid nitrates may also be useful.
  • the alkyl nitrate may function to primarily lower the NOx emissions although reduction in PM may also be expected.
  • the additive composition may also optionally include a peroxide, in place of or in addition to the alkyl nitrate.
  • Suitable peroxides include, but are not necessarily limited to, hydrogen peroxide, di-tertiary butyl peroxide, and benzoyl peroxide and the like. Further, some synergism has been found between the homopolymer and the alkyl nitrate and/or peroxide.
  • Known cetane boosters for use in distillate fuels include 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, tertiary butyl peroxide, diethylene glycol methyl ether, cyclohexanol, and mixtures thereof.
  • Conventional, known ignition accelerators include hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, and the like.
  • hyperbranched polyalpha-olefins polymers prepared by polymerizing hydrocarbons under free radical conditions at low pressures.
  • the polymers are unique in that although hydrocarbon polymers generally have higher molecular weight, greater viscosity and greater hardness than the starting hydrocarbon these polymers generally have higher melting points and congealing points than the starting hydrocarbons.
  • Suitable hyperbranched polyalpha-olefins are those made according to the methods described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,060,569; 4,239,546 and 6,776,808.
  • the hyperbranched polyalpha-olefins are considered homopolymers herein under the classic definition because they are made from a single monomer.
  • Suitable hyperbranched polyalpha-olefins herein may have a number average molecular weight (M n ) of from about 100 to about 275,000, alternatively a lower threshold of about 150 and independently an upper threshold of about 250,000, and in another non- limiting embodiment from about 200 independently up to about 175,000, or even up to about 125,000
  • M n number average molecular weight
  • distillate fuels include, but are not necessarily limited to diesel fuel, kerosene, gasoline, jet fuel, and the like. It will be appreciated that distillate fuels include blends of conventional hydrocarbons meant by these terms with oxygenates, e.g.
  • distillate fuels include low sulfur fuels, which are defined as having a sulfur content of 0.2% by weight or less, and in another non-limiting embodiment as having a sulfur content of about 0.0015 wt.% or less - such as the so-called "ultra low sulfur" fuels.
  • Particularly preferred hydrocarbon fuels herein are diesel and kerosene. It is expected that a more conventional diesel fuel (Ae. with an aromatic content of >28%) treated with the additive composition herein will be equivalent in emissions to a Texas Low Emissions Diesel (TxLED) fuel with ⁇ 10% aromatic content.
  • the composition for improving the emissions of distillate fuels is a mixture or blend of 2EHN (or a peroxide component) and at least one of the homopolymers.
  • the homopolymer is present in the fuel in the range of about 20 to about 2500 ppm, in one non limiting embodiment from about 20 independently up to about 300 ppm; alternatively from about 20 independently up to about 150 ppm.
  • the alkyl nitrate, particularly 2EHN may be present in the fuel in the range of about 100 to about 3000 ppm, alternatively from about 500, independently up to about 1500 ppm.
  • the volume ratio of homopolymer to the component ranges from about 1 :1 to about 1 :100, and alternatively the volume ratio of homopolymer to the component ranges from about 1 :2 to about 1 :10; and in one particularly suitable ratio, about 1:7.
  • a solvent may be advantageously used in the compositions herein, where the solvent may be aromatic solvents and pure paraffinic solvents. Aromatic solvents are particularly preferred.
  • the proportion of solvent in the total fuel additive composition may range from about 0 to 90 weight %; in another non-restrictive embodiment, the solvent may range from a lower threshold of about 15 wt% independently to an upper threshold of 45 wt%.
  • the use of a solvent is optional.
  • no solvent is used or desired.
  • a non-restrictive example would be 87.5% 2EHN and 12.5% HPAO with no solvent (a 7:1 ratio of active components).
  • suitable solvents include, but are not limited to paraffins and cycloparaffins, aromatic naphtha, kerosene, diesel, gasoline, xylene, toluene, alcohols (e.g. 2-ethylhexanol), and the like.
  • distillate fuels in non-limiting embodiments may include, but are not necessarily limited to detergents, pour point depressants, cetane improvers, lubricity additives, dehazers, cold operability additives, conductivity additives, biocides, dyes, and mixtures thereof.
  • Particularly useful components may include condensation reaction products of aldehydes and amines which are useful as antioxidants and are effective to lower PM and unburnt hydrocarbon (HC).
  • HC unburnt hydrocarbon
  • a specific non-limiting example is the condensation reaction product between formaldehyde and di- n-butylamine.
  • water is explicitly absent from the additive composition.
  • Additive compositions expected to be useful herein include, but are not necessarily limited to the following outlined in Table I: TABLE I
  • the hyperbranched polymer is a polyalpha-olefin having a molecular weight of about 2800.
  • the 2-ethylhexanol (2EH) was added as a solvent to improve the low temperature stability of the additive formulation.
  • Product Q is a condensation reaction product between formaldehyde and di-n- butylamine.
  • test data in the Figures discussed below was developed using a 1991 DDC Series 60 (Serial No. 06R0038671) heavy duty diesel engine mounted in a transient-capable test cell.
  • This engine had an in-line, six cylinder configuration rated for 365 hp at 1800 rpm, was turbocharged, and used a laboratory water to air heat exchanger for a charge air intercooler.
  • the exhaust was routed to a full flow constant volume sampler that utilized a positive displacement pump. Total flow in the tunnel was maintained at a nominal flow rate of about 2000 SCFM (56 liters/minuite).
  • Sample zone probes for particulate matter (PM), heated oxides of nitrogen (NOx), heated hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements were connected to the main tunnel.
  • Probes for background gas measurement were connected downstream of the dilution air filter pack, but upstream of the mixing section.
  • the dilution system was equipped with pressure and temperature sensors at various locations in order to obtain all necessary information required by the U.S. Code of Federal Regulation (40 CFR, Part 86, Subpart N).
  • FIG. 1 depicts the NOx mitigation that is achieved with various formulations of HPAO and PIB, alone and in combination with EHN in a compression ignition fuel.
  • the y-axis indicates the percent NOx reduction.
  • HPAO plus EHN combination performed better than the corresponding combination with PIB, in spite of the fact than PIB alone performed better than HPAO alone.
  • FIG. 2 depicts the PM emissions that were achieved with the distillate fuels and the additives of FIG. 1.
  • HPAO and EHN alone did not affect PM.
  • PIB alone gave slightly increased PM (slightly negative reduction).
  • the fuel with 1400 ppm EHN and 200 ppm PIB had improved PM reduction.
  • the PM emissions increased (negative reduction).
  • 1400 EHN and 200 ppm HPAO gave somewhat increased PM emission, but at about 2400 ppm total concentration, 2100 ppm EHN and 300 PIB gave no PM change.
  • FIG. 3 depicts data on one formulation, 10% HPAO/70% EHN in six different distillate fuels that met ASTM D975 specifications, but varied in composition, at various dosages.
  • the y-axis is the same as in FIG. 1 , but the x-axis is ppm of the additive as formulated.
  • the effectiveness of the additive is clear, but the degree of effectiveness varies from fuel to fuel. For instance, at an additive dosage of 2500 ppm (as formulated) NOx reduction was as high at 7% in the fuel with the best response and as low as about 3% in the fuel with the worst response.
  • FIG. 4 is illustrative of this point.
  • PM was mitigated by as much as about 7%, whereas in one fuel there was a very slight, and most likely not statistically significant, increase in PM.
  • Another different fuel, Fuel E gave a more pronounced negative reduction in PM (increase in PM) than Fuel C. Without being limited to any particular explanation, it may be that this Fuel E behavior was due to high aromatics content and an unusually high specific gravity.
  • the present invention may suitably comprise, consist or consist essentially of the elements disclosed and may be practiced in the absence of an element not disclosed.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne la réduction possible des émissions d'échappement résultant de la combustion de carburants hydrocarbonés dans des moteurs à auto-allumage en utilisant un homopolymère qui peut être le polyisobutylène, le polypropylène, et/ou des polyalphaoléfines hyperramifiées. Facultativement, un nitrate d'alkyle tel que le 2-éthylhexylnitrate (2EHN), et/ou un peroxyde, tel que le peroxyde d'hydrogène, peuvent également être utilisés conjointement à l'homopolymère. Les émissions de NOx et les émissions de matières particulaires (PM) peuvent être réduites en utilisant des quantités en ppm des compositions d'additifs; en variante, les émissions de NOx peuvent être abaissées ou réduites alors que les émissions de PM n'augmentent pas sensiblement.
PCT/US2008/065208 2007-05-30 2008-05-30 Additifs destinés à la réduction des émissions d'échappement de moteurs à auto-allumage Ceased WO2008150950A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US94091407P 2007-05-30 2007-05-30
US60/940,914 2007-05-30
US12/128,918 2008-05-29
US12/128,918 US20080295395A1 (en) 2007-05-30 2008-05-29 Additives for Reduction of Exhaust Emissions From Compression Ignition Engines

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100325944A1 (en) * 2007-05-30 2010-12-30 Baker Hughes Incorporated Additives for Cetane Improvement in Middle Distillate Fuels
US8292976B2 (en) 2009-11-06 2012-10-23 Afton Chemical Corporation Diesel fuel additive for reducing emissions

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US3227532A (en) * 1961-08-14 1966-01-04 Exxon Research Engineering Co Polymer-containing motor fuel composition
US6200359B1 (en) * 1998-12-23 2001-03-13 Shell Oil Company Fuel oil composition
US20060201056A1 (en) * 2000-04-14 2006-09-14 Oryxe Energy International, Inc. Biodiesel fuel additive

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US4060569A (en) * 1975-12-24 1977-11-29 Petrolite Corporation Hydrocarbon polymers
US4239546A (en) * 1978-07-21 1980-12-16 Petrolite Corporation Hydrocarbon polymers to improve the hardness of waxes
GB9114236D0 (en) * 1991-07-02 1991-08-21 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Fuel oil treatment
US5906665A (en) * 1995-09-26 1999-05-25 General Technology Applications, Inc. High molecular weight fuel additive
US6048373A (en) * 1998-11-30 2000-04-11 Ethyl Corporation Fuels compositions containing polybutenes of narrow molecular weight distribution
US6776808B2 (en) * 2002-08-29 2004-08-17 Baker Hughes Incorporated Additive to prevent oil separation in paraffin waxes
US7727291B2 (en) * 2005-04-27 2010-06-01 Himmelsbach Holdings, Llc Low molecular weight fuel additive

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3227532A (en) * 1961-08-14 1966-01-04 Exxon Research Engineering Co Polymer-containing motor fuel composition
US6200359B1 (en) * 1998-12-23 2001-03-13 Shell Oil Company Fuel oil composition
US20060201056A1 (en) * 2000-04-14 2006-09-14 Oryxe Energy International, Inc. Biodiesel fuel additive

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