WO2008150026A1 - 熱電変換素子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
熱電変換素子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008150026A1 WO2008150026A1 PCT/JP2008/060732 JP2008060732W WO2008150026A1 WO 2008150026 A1 WO2008150026 A1 WO 2008150026A1 JP 2008060732 W JP2008060732 W JP 2008060732W WO 2008150026 A1 WO2008150026 A1 WO 2008150026A1
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- thermoelectric conversion
- conversion material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/01—Manufacture or treatment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
- H10N10/85—Thermoelectric active materials
- H10N10/851—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions
- H10N10/852—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions comprising tellurium, selenium or sulfur
Definitions
- thermoelectric conversion element comprising two or more thermoelectric conversion materials and a method for producing the same.
- thermoelectric conversion material is a material that can mutually convert heat energy and electric energy, and is a material constituting a thermoelectric conversion element used as a thermoelectric cooling element or a thermoelectric power generation element.
- This thermoelectric conversion material uses the Seebeck effect to perform thermoelectric conversion, and its thermoelectric conversion performance is expressed by the following equation (1) called the figure of merit Z T.
- thermoelectric conversion performance of the thermoelectric conversion material it is necessary to increase the Seebeck coefficient ⁇ and the electric conductivity ⁇ of the material to be used and to decrease the thermal conductivity ⁇ . Recognize.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 10-2 4 2 5 3 5 discloses that the starting material particles of the thermoelectric conversion material do not react with the base material of the thermoelectric conversion material ( The addition of inert fine particles) is described. As a result, the inactive fine particles can scatter phonon, which is the main factor of heat conduction in the thermoelectric conversion material, and reduce the thermal conductivity ⁇ .
- thermoelectric conversion material inert fine particles are unevenly distributed. Therefore, the effect of deterioration of other physical properties such as electrical resistivity due to uneven distribution of inert fine particles is larger than the scattering effect of phonon by inert fine particles, and the improvement in performance of thermoelectric conversion materials is hindered.
- thermoelectric conversion materials exhibit strong temperature dependence.
- B i 2 Te 2 system for low temperature region P b Te system for medium temperature region, and high temperature region S i G e-based thermoelectric conversion materials are used for this, and it was necessary to select the materials according to the operating temperature range.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-6056 3 proposes a composite thermoelectric conversion material in which vacancies in a structure are filled with atoms.
- the technique disclosed in the above Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-2 4 2 5 3 5 makes it easy to disperse the inert fine particles throughout the base material of the thermoelectric conversion material by making both the starting material and the inert fine particles into fine particles. Therefore, since the probability of being present between the starting material particles is high, crystallization of the base material particles can be prevented.
- the inert fine particles are uniformly dispersed and other physical property values not directly related to the above formula (1), such as electrical resistivity, are adjusted.
- the electrical conductivity ⁇ and thermal conductivity ⁇ which are directly related to the index ZT, have not been studied. Therefore, the inert fine particles in the above prior art have a micron-scale particle size. In addition, no precise examination has been made on the dispersion state of the inert fine particles.
- an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and to provide a thermoelectric conversion element having an excellent performance index and a wide use temperature range, and a manufacturing method thereof. Disclosure of the invention
- thermoelectric conversion material particle having an average particle diameter of 1 to 100 nm is dispersed in the first thermoelectric conversion material.
- thermoelectric conversion material particles in the first aspect, is an average free carrier of the first thermoelectric conversion material. It is characterized by being distributed at intervals longer than the stroke.
- the first thermoelectric conversion material particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 100 nm and the second thermoelectric conversion material particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 100 nm are used.
- the first thermoelectric conversion material particles and the second thermoelectric conversion material particles were prepared by mixing the thermoelectric conversion material particles and the pH adjusting material in alcohol to prepare an alcohol dispersion liquid of the alcohol dispersion liquid.
- a method for manufacturing a thermoelectric conversion element which includes a step of aggregating and then sintering the first thermoelectric conversion material particles and the second thermoelectric conversion material particles by changing H.
- the second thermoelectric conversion material particles are dispersed as a dispersed phase in the continuous phase of the first thermoelectric conversion material, and the dispersion interval of the second thermoelectric conversion material particles is changed to the first thermoelectric conversion.
- the first thermoelectric conversion material and the second thermoelectric conversion material are selected to have different operating temperature ranges, the operating temperature range can be expanded as compared with the case where a single thermoelectric conversion material is used.
- Equation (1) in the right side of Equation (1), the decreasing rate of the thermal conductivity ⁇ of the numerator is larger than the decreasing rate of the electrical conductivity ⁇ in the denominator, and ⁇ Therefore, the figure of merit ⁇ ⁇ expressed by equation (1) becomes high.
- the first thermoelectric conversion material particles having the nano-order particle size and the second thermoelectric conversion particles are mixed in alcohol and uniformly dispersed, and in this state, ⁇ is changed.
- the first thermoelectric conversion material particles or the second thermoelectric conversion material particles can be agglomerated in a state where both particles are uniformly dispersed without agglomerating each other.
- the dispersion interval of the conversion material particles can be made less than the mean free path of the phonon of the first thermoelectric conversion material.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the structure size of the thermoelectric conversion material and the Seebeck coefficient ⁇ , electrical conductivity ⁇ , or thermal conductivity ⁇ .
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of the thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a TEM image of the thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a graph showing the measurement results of the Seebeck coefficient.
- Fig. 6 is a graph showing the measurement results of thermal conductivity.
- Fig. 7 is a graph showing the measurement results of specific resistance.
- Figure 8 is a graph showing the calculated figure of merit.
- thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention is formed by dispersing second thermoelectric conversion material particles 2 having an average particle diameter of 1 to 100 nm in a first thermoelectric conversion material 1.
- the thermoelectric conversion element is characterized in that at least a part of the second thermoelectric conversion material particles are dispersed at an interval equal to or less than the mean free path of phonon of the first thermoelectric conversion material.
- the relationship between the figure of merit Z T and the structure of the thermoelectric conversion material will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
- the thermal conductivity ⁇ of the thermoelectric conversion material gradually decreases as the microstructure size of the thermoelectric conversion material becomes smaller starting from the length of the mean free path of phonon. Therefore, the figure of merit, Z T, is improved when the structure size is designed to be smaller than the mean free path of Phonon.
- thermoelectric conversion material even if the microstructure size of the thermoelectric conversion material is smaller than the mean free path of phonon, the electrical conductivity ⁇ of the thermoelectric conversion material does not decrease, and the particle size is generally smaller than the mean free path of the carrier. It decreases when In this way, by utilizing the difference between the structural dimensions of the thermoelectric conversion material where the thermal conductivity ⁇ begins to decrease and the structural dimensions of the thermoelectric conversion material where the electrical conductivity begins to decrease, the rate of decrease in electrical conductivity By setting the structure dimension of the thermoelectric conversion material to be equal to or greater than the carrier mean free path and less than the phonon mean free path so that the reduction ratio of the thermal conductivity ⁇ is larger than that of the thermoelectric conversion material. (1) The figure of merit ( ⁇ Can be increased.
- the particle size of the particles dispersed in the thermoelectric conversion material or the dispersion interval between the particles that defines the tissue size of the thermoelectric conversion material. Therefore, in the present invention, the dispersion interval between the second thermoelectric conversion material particles dispersed in the first thermoelectric conversion material is controlled so as to obtain the above effect.
- the interval between the second thermoelectric conversion material particles dispersed in the first thermoelectric conversion material is equal to or less than the phonon mean free path of the first thermoelectric conversion material, and preferably the first This is not less than the carrier mean free path of the thermoelectric conversion material and less than the mean free path of phonon of the first thermoelectric conversion material.
- this interval is preferably 1 nm or more and 10 O nm or less, and more preferably 1 nm or more and 10 O nm or less.
- M F P mean free path
- the dispersion interval is not more than the mean free path of phonon of the first thermoelectric conversion material, preferably not more than 100 nm, phonon is sufficiently scattered and the thermal conductivity / c of the thermoelectric conversion element decreases.
- this interval is preferably 1 nm or more.
- the first thermoelectric conversion material is dispersed at intervals equal to or greater than the free mean path of the carrier, and the rate of decrease in thermal conductivity ⁇ is made larger than the rate of decrease in electrical conductivity ⁇ , resulting in a figure of merit ⁇ ⁇ In order to increase, this interval is more preferably 1 O nm or more.
- the second thermoelectric conversion material particles having the dispersion interval are 50% or more in terms of volume with respect to all the second thermoelectric conversion material particles in the thermoelectric conversion element, preferably It is 70% or more, more preferably 90% or more. If it is less than 50%, phonon may not be sufficiently scattered and the thermal conductivity / may not decrease.
- the particle size of the second thermoelectric conversion material particles dispersed in the first thermoelectric conversion material is equal to or less than the mean free path of phonon of the second thermoelectric conversion material. l to 100 nm.
- the particle size of the second thermoelectric conversion material particles is equal to or less than the phonon mean free path, the presence of the second thermoelectric conversion material particles causes sufficient phonon scattering.
- the thermal conductivity ⁇ decreases, and as a result, the figure of merit ⁇ ⁇ improves.
- the second thermoelectric conversion material particles having the above particle diameter are 50% or more in terms of volume with respect to all the second thermoelectric conversion material particles in the thermoelectric conversion element, preferably 70% Or more, more preferably 95% or more. If it is less than 50%, phonon may not be sufficiently diffused and the thermal conductivity ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ may not decrease.
- both the first thermoelectric conversion material and the second thermoelectric conversion material may be bowl-shaped or bowl-shaped.
- the material of the vertical thermoelectric conversion material is not particularly limited.
- Bi 2 Te 3 series, P b Te series, Zn 4 S b 3 series, Co S b 3 series, half-Heusler series, full-Heusler System, SiGe system, etc. can be used.
- the material of the N-type thermoelectric conversion material known materials can be applied without any particular limitation.
- the thermoelectric conversion material used in the present invention preferably has an output factor larger than 1 mW / K 2, more preferably S mWZK 2 or more, and further preferably 3 mW / K 2 or more. If the output factor is 1 mWZK 2 or less, no significant performance improvement can be expected. Further, the thermal conductivity ⁇ of the thermoelectric conversion material is preferably larger than 5 WZmK, more preferably 7 W / mK or more, and further preferably 10 W / mK or more. When the thermal conductivity ⁇ is larger than 5 W / mK, the effect of the present invention is particularly remarkable.
- the effect of controlling the microstructure dimensions of the thermoelectric conversion material with the nanoorder specified in the present invention is that the lower the thermal conductivity ⁇ , the more the thermal conductivity / has a larger thermal conductivity.
- a thermoelectric conversion material with a thermal conductivity ⁇ greater than 5 W / mK when using a thermoelectric conversion material with a thermal conductivity ⁇ greater than 5 W / mK.
- the effect of decreasing the thermal conductivity K is significant.
- thermoelectric conversion material exhibits a strong temperature dependence
- examples of such combinations of the first thermoelectric conversion material and the second thermoelectric conversion material include BiTe / CoSb, BiTe / PbTe, PbTeZSiGe, Examples include BiTe / SiGe, BiTe / half-Heusler, CoSbZSiGe, and half-whisler / SiGe.
- the method for producing a thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention comprises: first thermoelectric conversion material particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 100 nm; and second thermoelectric conversion material particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 1OO nm. And a pH adjusting material to prepare a dispersion of the first thermoelectric conversion material particles and the second thermoelectric conversion material particles, and the first thermoelectric conversion by changing the pH of the dispersion Including a step of aggregating the material particles and the second thermoelectric conversion material particles and then sintering. First, a solution or slurry containing the first thermoelectric conversion material particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 100 nm is prepared. .
- Nano-order particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 100 nm can be prepared by various methods.
- the particles are reduced in a solution or slurry containing a salt of an element constituting the thermoelectric conversion material, It is prepared by heat-treating the element particles constituting the obtained thermoelectric conversion material.
- thermoelectric conversion material when the thermoelectric conversion material is Co S b 3 , the salt of the element constituting the thermoelectric conversion material is cobalt chloride hydrate and antimony chloride.
- 6 S b 3 is a hydrate of cobalt chloride, refers to nickel chloride, and antimony chloride.
- the element salt constituting the thermoelectric conversion material is not particularly limited in content in the solution or slurry, and is preferably adjusted as appropriate according to the type of solvent and raw material used.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve or disperse a salt of an element constituting the thermoelectric conversion material, and examples thereof include alcohol and water, and it is preferable to use ethanol.
- Any reducing agent may be used as long as it can reduce ions of the elements constituting the thermoelectric conversion material. For example, Na BH 4 , hydrazine and the like can be used.
- thermoelectric conversion material The particles of the elements constituting the thermoelectric conversion material thus obtained are subjected to a heat treatment, for example, with a crepe or the like.
- a heat treatment for example, with a crepe or the like.
- the thermoelectric conversion material is hydrothermally synthesized from the particles of the elements constituting the thermoelectric conversion material. Since the time and temperature of this heat treatment vary depending on the type and content of the solvent used and the thermoelectric conversion material, it is preferable to adjust appropriately.
- thermoelectric conversion material particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 100 nm is prepared.
- the first thermoelectric conversion material particles 1 and the second thermoelectric conversion material particles 2 thus obtained are mixed together with a pH adjusting material to prepare a dispersion (FIG. 3 (a)).
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can disperse the thermoelectric conversion material particles and the pH adjusting material, and examples thereof include alcohol and water, and it is preferable to use ethanol.
- the pH adjusting material is used to suppress aggregation of the thermoelectric conversion material particles, and a known one can be appropriately applied. For example, nitric acid, aqueous ammonia, sodium borohydride (N a BH 4 ), etc. Can be used.
- the pH of this dispersion is preferably adjusted to 10.
- thermoelectric conversion material particles and the second thermoelectric conversion material particles are changed by changing the pH of the dispersion liquid. Aggregate thermoelectric material particles at once. Specifically, when Bi 2 Te 3 is used as the first thermoelectric conversion material particle and Co S b 3 is used as the second thermoelectric conversion material particle, the isoelectric point of Bi 2 Te 3 7 to 8, and the isoelectric point of Co S b 3 is 6 to 7. Therefore, the dispersion of Bi 2 Te 3 ZC o S b 3 is dispersed by setting pH 8 to l 0. By maintaining the state and adding HC 1 to this dispersion to a pH of 7, B i 2 Te 3 and Co S b 3 can be coagulated at once (Fig. 3 (b )).
- thermoelectric conversion material may be molded by pressurizing.
- the sintering step and the molding step may be provided separately, and the pressure molding and sintering may be performed separately, but it is preferable to sinter while pressure molding.
- any method such as a hot press sintering method, a hot isostatic pressing method, a discharge plasma sintering method, or the like can be used.
- the discharge plasma sintering method is preferable from the viewpoint of enabling temperature rise and sintering in a short time and controlling grain growth easily.
- the sintering temperature in the spark plasma sintering method is preferably 400 to 80 ° C in the case of Co S b, more preferably 45 to 60 ° C, and in the case of BiTe 2 5 0 to 500 ° C. is preferable, and 30 to 400 ° C. is more preferable.
- the sintering time is preferably 90 minutes or less, and more preferably 60 minutes or less.
- the pressure during pressurization is preferably 2 OMPa or more, more preferably 4 OMPa or more.
- thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention may be obtained by a method in which particles of two or more thermoelectric conversion materials are produced and mixed and sintered in addition to the above production method. Even so, the first thermoelectric conversion material
- the structural dimensions of the material are less than the mean free path of the phonon of the first thermoelectric conversion material, preferably the carrier If the average free path is less than or equal to the average free path of the phonon, the phonon in the first thermoelectric conversion material is sufficiently dispersed, and the thermal conductivity c can be reduced.
- the thermoelectric conversion element having a large figure of merit ZT represented by Equation (1) is obtained.
- the thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention is an excellent thermoelectric conversion element exhibiting a high figure of merit ZT. It is also possible to obtain a thermoelectric conversion element with a figure of merit ZT exceeding 2 that was difficult to manufacture.
- thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention was obtained by drying and 3 to 3 sintering at 3500 to 400 ° C.
- thermoelectric conversion element ((C o, F e) S b 3/3 0 vo 1% S b 2 T e 3) shown in FIG.
- Co is the first thermoelectric conversion material.
- F e is the first thermoelectric conversion material.
- thermoelectric conversion element (I) the performance index ⁇ ⁇ was calculated by measuring the Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity ⁇ , and specific resistance (electrical conductivity ⁇ ) of the obtained thermoelectric conversion element (I).
- S b 2 Te 3 (II), (C o, F e) S b 3 (111), and (C o, F e) S b 3 Z 3 0 vol% S b 2 Te 3 and 10 II m (IV) were measured in the same manner. The results are shown in Figs.
- the Zeebeck coefficient is measured by measuring the thermoelectromotive force generated by pressing a thermocouple wire on the sample piece cut out of the thermoelectric conversion material and providing a temperature difference in the sample piece in the heating furnace.
- the thermal conductivity ⁇ was calculated by multiplying the density measured by the volume method, the specific heat measured by the DSC method, and the thermal diffusivity measured by the laser flash method.
- the specific resistance was measured by the four probe method.
- the figure of merit (ZT) was calculated by the above formula (1).
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Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08765503.1A EP2154736B1 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2008-06-05 | Process for producing a thermoelectric conversion element |
| US12/602,820 US8617918B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2008-06-05 | Thermoelectric converter and method thereof |
| JP2009517929A JP4900480B2 (ja) | 2007-06-05 | 2008-06-05 | 熱電変換素子及びその製造方法 |
| CN200880015995.1A CN101681979B (zh) | 2007-06-05 | 2008-06-05 | 热电转换元件及其制造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007-149216 | 2007-06-05 | ||
| JP2007149216 | 2007-06-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008150026A1 true WO2008150026A1 (ja) | 2008-12-11 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/JP2008/060732 Ceased WO2008150026A1 (ja) | 2007-06-05 | 2008-06-05 | 熱電変換素子及びその製造方法 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8617918B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2154736B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4900480B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101681979B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2008150026A1 (ja) |
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| WO2010146459A3 (en) * | 2009-06-18 | 2011-06-03 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Nanocomposite thermoelectric conversion material and method of producing the same |
| JP2012521648A (ja) * | 2009-03-24 | 2012-09-13 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 自己組織化熱電材料 |
| CN102714269A (zh) * | 2010-01-18 | 2012-10-03 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 纳米复合热电转换材料及其制造方法 |
| KR20130005105A (ko) * | 2011-07-05 | 2013-01-15 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 나노 열전분말 및 이를 이용한 열전소자 |
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| JP2008305907A (ja) | 2007-06-06 | 2008-12-18 | Toyota Motor Corp | 熱電変換素子の製造方法 |
-
2008
- 2008-06-05 CN CN200880015995.1A patent/CN101681979B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-05 WO PCT/JP2008/060732 patent/WO2008150026A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2008-06-05 JP JP2009517929A patent/JP4900480B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-05 US US12/602,820 patent/US8617918B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-05 EP EP08765503.1A patent/EP2154736B1/en active Active
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8617918B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2013-12-31 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Thermoelectric converter and method thereof |
| US8394284B2 (en) | 2007-06-06 | 2013-03-12 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Thermoelectric converter and method of manufacturing same |
| JP2012521648A (ja) * | 2009-03-24 | 2012-09-13 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 自己組織化熱電材料 |
| CN102458726A (zh) * | 2009-06-18 | 2012-05-16 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 纳米复合热电转换材料及其制造方法 |
| CN102458726B (zh) * | 2009-06-18 | 2013-10-09 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 纳米复合热电转换材料及其制造方法 |
| WO2010146459A3 (en) * | 2009-06-18 | 2011-06-03 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Nanocomposite thermoelectric conversion material and method of producing the same |
| US8828277B2 (en) | 2009-06-18 | 2014-09-09 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Nanocomposite thermoelectric conversion material and method of producing the same |
| WO2011051771A1 (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2011-05-05 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Nanocomposite thermoelectric conversion material and method of producing the same |
| US8721912B2 (en) | 2009-10-26 | 2014-05-13 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Nanocomposite thermoelectric conversion material and method of producing the same |
| CN102714269A (zh) * | 2010-01-18 | 2012-10-03 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 纳米复合热电转换材料及其制造方法 |
| CN102714269B (zh) * | 2010-01-18 | 2015-01-21 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 纳米复合热电转换材料的制造方法 |
| KR20130005105A (ko) * | 2011-07-05 | 2013-01-15 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 나노 열전분말 및 이를 이용한 열전소자 |
| KR101869427B1 (ko) * | 2011-07-05 | 2018-06-20 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 나노 열전분말 및 이를 이용한 열전소자 |
| JP2013118355A (ja) * | 2011-12-01 | 2013-06-13 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America Inc | ナノ粒子を含む三成分熱電材料及びその製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8617918B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 |
| EP2154736A1 (en) | 2010-02-17 |
| CN101681979A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
| JP4900480B2 (ja) | 2012-03-21 |
| CN101681979B (zh) | 2012-10-24 |
| EP2154736B1 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
| US20100170552A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
| JPWO2008150026A1 (ja) | 2010-08-26 |
| EP2154736A4 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
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