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WO2008148318A1 - Appareil à réglage autonome pour mesure de flux sanguin cérébral - Google Patents

Appareil à réglage autonome pour mesure de flux sanguin cérébral Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008148318A1
WO2008148318A1 PCT/CN2008/070839 CN2008070839W WO2008148318A1 WO 2008148318 A1 WO2008148318 A1 WO 2008148318A1 CN 2008070839 W CN2008070839 W CN 2008070839W WO 2008148318 A1 WO2008148318 A1 WO 2008148318A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
probe
motor
angle
link
motors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2008/070839
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Xiaoyi Wang
Kai Wang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SHENZHEN DELICATE ELECTRONICS CO Ltd
Original Assignee
SHENZHEN DELICATE ELECTRONICS CO Ltd
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Application filed by SHENZHEN DELICATE ELECTRONICS CO Ltd filed Critical SHENZHEN DELICATE ELECTRONICS CO Ltd
Publication of WO2008148318A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008148318A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/06Measuring blood flow
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/42Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient
    • A61B8/4209Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient by using holders, e.g. positioning frames
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/42Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient
    • A61B8/4209Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient by using holders, e.g. positioning frames
    • A61B8/4227Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient by using holders, e.g. positioning frames characterised by straps, belts, cuffs or braces
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
    • A61B5/026Measuring blood flow

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cerebral blood flow detecting device, and more particularly to an automatic adjusting device for cerebral blood flow detecting.
  • transcranial Doppler blood flow analyzer also known as “transcranial Doppler cerebral blood flow diagnostic system”, “transcranial Doppler detector”, “transcranial Doppler” Diagnosis and monitoring system “etc.” detection of cerebrovascular signals
  • TCD is a specialized medical device for non-invasive diagnosis and/or monitoring of intracranial and cervical vascular diseases in humans.
  • the position and angle of the probe to adjust the ultrasonic wave to the patient's head are the most. The best state is the key to successful diagnosis and monitoring, and the most difficult part of the entire clinical application process.
  • a probe holder device that holds the probe.
  • the head frame 10a can be fitted to the head of the subject, and the head frame 10a is provided with a fixed arm l la, which can usually be connected by bolts. It is fixed to the headstock 10a (the probe is not shown, only the mounting hole 12a of the probe is shown).
  • the device has the characteristics of a patient suitable for different brain shapes and sizes; the device can fix the probe after manually finding the target blood vessel, eliminating long-distance operation (especially long-range monitoring).
  • the hand-held probe is easily trembled. Any small movements, such as speech, which are susceptible to fatigue and the resulting signal instability. [6] But the main drawback of this device today is that the process of finding the location of the target vessel is still entirely manual.
  • An automatic adjusting device for cerebral blood flow detection comprising a probe and a controller; the device further comprising a motor for adjusting the angle of the probe, and one end connected to the a transmission mechanism connected to the output of the motor at the other end; the probe is mounted on the support member, and the probe is rotatable relative to the support member;
  • the controller is configured to control the motor to adjust an angle of the probe through the transmission mechanism.
  • the device further includes a probe holder for mounting the probe;
  • the front end of the probe is mounted on the support member by elastic damping or through a hard support connection structure, and the rear end of the probe is connected to the transmission mechanism;
  • the motor includes two angle adjustment motors.
  • the hard support connection structure includes a spherical support disposed at a periphery of the probe, and a spherical mounting position provided on the support member to cooperate with the spherical support member; or
  • the hard support connection structure includes a spherical outer casing of the probe itself, and a spherical mounting position provided on the support member that cooperates with the spherical outer casing.
  • the transmission mechanism includes a steering blade mounted on an output of the angle adjustment motor, and a link connected between the steering blade and the probe; and Eccentrically mounted on the steering vane.
  • the connecting rod includes two connecting ends respectively connected to the output of each angle adjusting motor; the other end of the connecting rod is respectively connected to the rear end of the probe, Alternatively, wherein the other end of the first link is connected to the rear end of the probe, and the other end of the second link is connected to the first link.
  • the probe and the angle adjustment motor for adjusting the angle are set as an angle adjustment module, and at least one azimuth motor is disposed on the probe holder for driving the angle adjustment
  • the module adjusts position in the space from the surface being measured.
  • the azimuth motors are set to three.
  • the controller controls the respective motors in a split mode to sequentially adjust each of the motors.
  • the controller controls the respective motors in the same manner, and each of the motors is provided with a control device to adjust the respective motors.
  • An automatic adjusting device for cerebral blood flow detection provided by the present invention can be equipped on a TCD device of an existing probe (the rack), and the probe adjusting operation for finding a blood vessel can be automatically detected by the system, and the system
  • the motor capable of controlling the automatic adjusting device drives the probe to rotate and automatically track and retrieve the blood vessel, thereby solving the defect that the conventional probe frame completely relies on manual adjustment of the probe and cannot automatically recover the blood vessel, thereby reducing the clinical situation.
  • the difficulty of operation, and unlimited clinical applications such as long daytime detection, long-range monitoring, and nighttime monitoring can be implemented.
  • Figures la, lb, and lc are operational schematic diagrams of a single drive motor for the automatic adjustment device for cerebral blood flow detection of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the driving motor for adjusting the angle and direction of the automatic adjusting device for cerebral blood flow detection according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of a driving motor for adjusting a spatial position of an automatic adjusting device for cerebral blood flow detection according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of another form of probe mounting of an automatic adjustment device for cerebral blood flow detection of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of another form of probe mounting of an automatic adjustment device for cerebral blood flow detection of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing another form of connection of a connecting rod and a probe of an automatic adjusting device for cerebral blood flow detecting according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a prior art TCD head frame.
  • the automatic adjustment device for cerebral blood flow detection of the present invention has the basic technical effect of realizing the adjustment process of the automatic control probe, and the automatic control means that the controlled object is controlled by the controller without direct participation of the person. Or the process is automatically carried out according to the predetermined requirements.
  • the controller such as the microcontroller 100 for controlling the motor means consisting of a double probe for controlling the position of the controlled object is a cerebral blood flow may be mounted in the detection probe holder
  • Probe 110 is shown in Figures la, lb and lc.
  • the implementation of the single chip microcomputer 100 of the present invention can be implemented in various ways.
  • a single-chip circuit can be set on the probe frame, and the discriminating result is sent by the TCD host circuit, and the position and angle of the probe can be adjusted by the single-chip circuit, and the control function of the single-chip microcomputer can also be realized in the TCD host circuit.
  • the prior art TCD host circuit can be set as an embedded system or as a PC system.
  • the motor of the present invention is controlled by the single chip microcomputer 100, it can be swung forward or backward or left and right to adjust the angle of the probe 110, as shown in FIGS. 1a, 1b, and 1c, to adjust the angle of the probe 110.
  • a connecting rod 111 is disposed, one end is disposed at a bottom end of the probe 110, and a top end of the probe 110 is disposed on an elastic damping 120, as shown in FIG. 2; the other end of the connecting rod 111 is connected to the steering blade 131 of the motor 130. Up, and eccentrically disposed, as the steering blade of the motor 130 rotates, the angle of the probe 110 on the elastic damping 120 can be varied.
  • the motor 130 is an angle adjustment motor, which is controlled by the single chip microcomputer 100, so that The angle of the probe 110 is arbitrarily adjusted within a predetermined range, and it is detected whether the intensity of the blood flow signal satisfies the requirement.
  • the connecting rod 111 and the steering vane 131 on the motor 130 constitute a transmission mechanism, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other transmission mechanisms can be replaced, such as gear transmission and belt transmission, etc., as long as adjustment can be achieved.
  • the angle and position of the probe can be.
  • the automatic adjustment probe technology of the automatic adjustment device for cerebral blood flow detection of the present invention utilizes two orthogonal motors to drive the probe to achieve the purpose of adjusting the position and angle of the probe, thereby realizing the angle adjustment thereof.
  • the angle adjustment module consisting of the probe and the motor for adjusting the angle, as a whole, can additionally use three motors to move in three directions of space. The implementation of the technical solution will be described in detail below.
  • the present invention mounts the front end of the probe 110 on the elastic damping 120 as shown in FIG.
  • the resilient damping 120 is mounted on a support member, such as the rigid housing of the entire automatic adjustment device.
  • the elastic damping 120 acts as a soft support when the probe 110 is rotated.
  • the front end of the probe 110 can also be mounted on a hard support 150 having a spherical shape, as shown in FIG. 4; the hard support 150 is rotatably mounted on the support member 160, and the support member 160 is opened and The spherical mounting position of the hard support 150 fits. After the probe 110 is rotated, the hard support 150 is rotated relative to the support member 160. As shown in Figure 5, the probe 110' is attached to the support member 160 by another hard support connection structure.
  • the outer casing of the probe 110' in the figure is directly formed in a spherical shape, and is opened on the support member 160 in a spherical mounting position in which the spherical outer casing is fitted.
  • the probe 110' is rotated and rotated directly relative to the support member 160.
  • the rear end of the probe 110 is connected to the steering vane 131 of the motor through a link structure.
  • the connecting rod has two connecting ends respectively corresponding to the connecting rods of the output steering blades 131 of each angle adjusting motor, and the other end of each connecting rod is the same
  • the crucible is mounted on the rear end of the probe 110, and acts on the probe 110 by using two-links to drive the probe to rotate.
  • one ends of the two links are respectively connected to each of the steering blades 131, and the other end of the first link 111' is connected to the rear end of the probe 110.
  • the other end of the second connecting rod 111" is connected to the first connecting rod 11 ,, and the combined force of the two connecting rods acts on the probe to drive the probe to rotate.
  • the connecting rod 111 When the motor is driven by the control of the single chip 100 to drive the blade to rotate, the connecting rod 111 will pull the rear end of the probe 110 closer to or away from the fixed position of the motor, and the front end of the probe is damped, and the connecting rod 111 pushes the probe.
  • the rear end of the 110 will inevitably generate a moment such that the probe 110 as a whole has a small angle of contact with the elastic damping 120 as a center of rotation, resulting in an angled inclination.
  • the center of the probe 110 is opposite to the surface to be tested. Displacement is also generated, and the larger the tilt angle of the probe 110, the larger the displacement of the center position, thereby achieving the equivalent effect of moving the probe position.
  • the maximum deflection angle of the probe 110 depends on the distance H between the connecting rod and the blade connection end to the center of the motor (ie, the limit distance that can be pulled or pushed away from the back end of the probe), and the H value can be adjusted by calculation. Obtain the appropriate, desired probe deflection angle.
  • a single motor and linkage can achieve angular variation of the probe in one dimension (ie, one swing direction, front and rear, or left and right).
  • Adding a motor and connecting rod whose rotating center is perpendicular to the rotating center of the original motor can realize another dimension adjustment.
  • the motor is arranged in the vertical direction of the figure, which can make the probe along X and Y.
  • the axial direction is deflected, that is, the probe is tilted in two axial directions (ie, "ten" shape) near its initial position.
  • the superposition effect of the two deflection directions can be obtained, that is, obtaining an arbitrary deflection direction and a certain range of displacement effects in the direction, and the specific effects of the displacement and the angle deflection are required.
  • the operation and control of the microcontroller The operation and control of the microcontroller.
  • the present invention is provided with two angle-adjusted motor ⁇ , any one of which drives the link to move, and the other link has a tendency to hinder this movement, so the connection between the link and the probe should be an active connection. To eliminate this effect and reduce drag. Also, an active connection should be placed between the connecting rod and the steering vane.
  • the motor and the connecting rod of the rotating center in other directions can be continuously increased to achieve more dimensional adjustment.
  • five motors are required, that is, two of them control the pitch angle of the probe (as above), and then the structure shown in Fig. 2 is used as a whole, that is, the angle adjustment module 140, as shown in Fig. 3, another three motors are set. Controlling the overall adjustment of the angle adjustment module in three axial directions, similar to the three-axis adjustment of a machine tool, etc., will not be described in detail herein.
  • the automatic adjusting device of the cerebral blood flow detecting probe frame of the invention needs to be provided with single-chip control to realize the omnidirectional adjustment of the probe 110, namely: the distance from the measured surface; the position relative to the test point on the measured surface; the test angle .
  • the automatic adjusting device of the cerebral blood flow detecting probe frame of the present invention is easy for the structural designer to realize, the difference is that the volume occupied by the adjusting mechanism will increase, and the control circuit and the software become complicated.
  • the device of the invention regards two motors as the most conventional and practical structure, and it should be noted that the setting of the azimuth motor is not necessarily set to three, and if possible, one or two azimuth motors can be set. , used to adjust the position.
  • FIG. 3 The adjustment structure of the angle adjustment module in the automatic adjusting device for cerebral blood flow detection of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3, which includes three azimuth motors 1, 2, 3, and the azimuth motor 1 is used to adjust the angle adjustment module.
  • Azimuth motor 2 is used to adjust the angle adjustment module in the up and down position shown in FIG. 3, and the azimuth motor 3 is used to adjust the moving position of the angle adjustment module on the vertical paper surface shown in FIG.
  • the gears of each azimuth motor and the angle adjustment module can be properly matched by a gear bite.
  • the automatic adjusting device for cerebral blood flow detection of the present invention is equipped with a plurality of motors for adjusting the head frame, and each motor needs to be preset in the single chip control circuit.
  • the control circuit of the single chip of the invention needs to realize the sequence control of the motor, and the more the motor, the more complicated the control.
  • the automatic adjustment device probe holder provided by the invention, according to the automatic control principle and method, can systematically track and monitor the blood flow signal detected by the probe in the actual clinical application process. When the quality of the blood flow signal drops or the signal is lost, the system continuously adjusts the probe position and angle through the probe drive module until the satisfactory blood flow signal is regained.
  • the TCD equipped with the probe (frame) provided by the present invention can automatically perform the probe adjustment operation for finding the blood vessel, and the system can automatically track and retrieve the blood vessel through the automatic adjustment device, thereby solving the traditional problem well.
  • the probe holder relies entirely on the manual adjustment of the probe and the inability to automatically retrieve the blood vessel, which reduces the difficulty of clinical operation, and can carry out various clinical applications such as long daytime detection, long-range monitoring, and nighttime monitoring without limitation.
  • the structure of the above embodiment is not limited to the structure of the present invention.
  • the connecting rod may be a straight shaft or a crankshaft, or may be other
  • the shape can be realized by an equivalent replacement structure such as shrapnel; the installation and adjustment of the probe can add more motors and connecting rods as needed, and can be installed in one plane or different planes, and the adjustable dimension can be Some adjustments are the same; the arrangement of the motors can be that the rotary axes are not perpendicular to each other at any angle; the motor components that control the action can be different types of motors, or can be realized by hydraulic components;
  • the single-chip microcomputer can also use any other device that can control and/or drive the motor to move the motor.
  • the control device can control the multiple motors in two ways: bifurcation and bifurcation. Controlling multiple motors in sequence using only one control unit; ⁇ Using the same method, each motor is equipped with a control The unit, multiple motors can be independently controlled and operated simultaneously.

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Description

用于脑血流检测的自动调节装置
技术领域
[1] 本发明涉及一种脑血流检测装置, 尤其涉及的是一种脑血流检测的自动调节装 置。
背景技术
[2] 目前的医疗设备中, 为了无创地诊断和 /或监护人体颅内血管和颈椎血管疾病
, 通常釆用 TCD (即"经颅多普勒血流分析仪", 也称"经颅多普勒脑血流诊断系 统"、 "经颅多普勒检测仪"、 "经颅多普勒诊断与监护系统"等) 检测脑血管信号
(如血流信号) 。
[3] TCD是无创地诊断和 /或监护人体颅内血管和颈椎血管疾病的专用医疗设备, 在 TCD的临床应用中, 调节探头使其所发射超声波作用到病人头部的位置和角 度处于最佳状态是成功地完成诊断和监护功能的关键, 也是整个临床应用过程 中操作最难的地方。
[4] 在 TCD刚面世吋, 其常规检测和监护操作都是由医护人员手持探头和进行手动 调节探头位置来完成的。 这使操作者很难长吋间保持探头位置及其探测角度的 稳定性, 由于探测角度对信号影响非常大, 容易造成釆集所得的血流信号不稳 定。
[5] 为了使常规检测或监护吋操作者釆集所得的血流信号更稳定, 并节省操作者的 体力和精力, 深圳德力凯电子有限公司等公司开发出了戴在头上的用于固定探 头的探头架装置。 如图 7所示, 为现有技术的头架示意图, 头架 10a可以适配到被 检测者的头上, 在该头架 10a上设置有一固定探头的支臂 l la, 通常可以通过螺栓 连接固定到头架 10a上 (图中未示出探头, 仅示出了探头的安装孔 12a) 。 该装置 具有适用于不同大脑形状和大小的患者的特点; 该装置能在通过手动操作寻找 到目标血管后将探头固定不动, 消除了长吋间操作 (尤其长程监护) 吋手持探 头容易受颤抖、 讲话等任何一个细小动作影响、 容易疲劳以及因此带来的信号 不稳定的缺陷。 [6] 但目前这种装置的主要缺点是寻找目标血管位置的过程仍然全部是手动操作的
, 而且在固定探头后的监护过程中因各种原因引起的振动使探头移位后, 血流 信号会变弱甚至消失。 因此目前市场上的探头架的探头调节方法存在明显的缺 点, 主要体现在:
[7] 一是探头调节均是通过手工操作来实现的。 这个过程比较繁琐, 也对操作者自 身要求较高。
[8] 二是在长吋间检测和监护过程中, 在固定探头后, 因各种原因 (例如咳嗽、 打 喷嚏) 引起的振动使探头移位后, 血流信号会变弱甚至消失。 此吋, 操作者只 能通过手动操作来调节探头以重新找回血管。 这样, 在实际应用中, 操作既显 得繁琐, 又对操作者的参与程度仍然提出了一定要求, 使其的实际应用场合 ( 如夜间监护、 长程监护等) 受到了限制。
[9] 因此, 现有技术还存在一定缺陷, 而有待于改进和发展。
发明内容
[10] 本发明的目的在于提供一种用于脑血流检测的自动调节装置, 根据自动控制原 理, 来实现自动控制探头转动。
[11] 本发明的技术方案如下: 提供一种用于脑血流检测的自动调节装置, 包括探头 以及控制器; 所述装置还包括用于调整所述探头角度的电机, 以及一端连接于 所述探头上、 另一端连接于所述电机的输出上的传动机构; 所述探头安装于支 撑件上, 并且所述探头可相对于所述支撑件转动;
[12] 所述控制器用于控制所述电机通过所述传动机构调整所述探头的角度。
[13] 在本发明的装置中, 所述装置还包括用于供所述探头安装的探头架;
[14] 所述探头的前端通过弹性阻尼或者通过硬支撑连接结构安装在所述支撑件上, 而所述探头的后端与所述传动机构连接;
[15] 所述电机包括两个角度调整电机。
[16] 在本发明的装置中, 所述硬支撑连接结构包括在所述探头外围设置的球面支撑 、 以及在所述支撑件上设置的与所述球面支撑件配合的球面安装位; 或者, 所 述硬支撑连接结构包括所述探头自身的球形外壳、 以及在所述支撑件上设置的 与所述球形外壳配合的球面安装位。 [17] 在本发明的装置中, 所述传动机构包括安装在所述角度调整电机的输出上的转 向叶片、 以及连接于所述转向叶片和探头之间的连杆; 并且, 所述连杆偏心安 装在所述转向叶片上。
[18] 在本发明的装置中, 所述连杆包括两根一端分别对应连接于每一角度调整电机 的输出的连杆; 所述连杆的另一端分别连接于所述探头的后端, 或者, 其中第 一根所述连杆的另一端连接于所述探头的后端、 第二根所述连杆的另一端连接 于所述第一根连杆上。
[19] 在本发明的装置中, 所述连杆与所述探头之间、 所述连杆与所述转向叶片之间 、 以及第一根所述连杆和第二根所述连杆之间分别设置为活动连接。
[20] 在本发明的装置中, 所述探头及用于调整角度的角度调整电机设置为一角度调 整模块, 并在所述探头架上设置有至少一个方位电机, 用于驱动所述角度调整 模块在距离被测表面的空间中调整位置。
[21] 在本发明的装置中, 所述方位电机设置为三个。
[22] 在本发明的装置中, 所述控制器对各个电机的控制釆用分吋方式, 依次调整每 个电机。
[23] 在本发明的装置中, 所述控制器对各个电机的控制釆用同吋方式, 对每一个电 机配置一个控制装置, 同吋调整各个电机。
[24] 本发明所提供的一种用于脑血流检测的自动调节装置, 可以配备在现有探头 ( 架) 的 TCD设备上, 其寻找血管的探头调节操作可以由系统自动检测, 而且系 统能控制该自动调节装置的电机通过传动机构来带动探头转动来自动跟踪和找 回血管, 从而很好地解决了传统探头架完全依赖手动调节探头和不能自动地找 回血管的缺点, 降低了临床操作的难度, 并可无限制地实施长吋间检测、 长程 监护、 夜间监护等各种临床应用。
附图说明
[25] 图 la、 图 lb和图 lc分别为本发明的用于脑血流检测的自动调节装置的单个驱动 电机的工作原理图;
[26] 图 2为本发明的用于脑血流检测的自动调节装置调整角度和方向的驱动电机工 作原理图; [27] 图 3为本发明的用于脑血流检测的自动调节装置调整空间位置的驱动电机工作 原理图;
[28] 图 4为本发明的用于脑血流检测的自动调节装置的探头安装的另一种形式的示 意图;
[29] 图 5为本发明的用于脑血流检测的自动调节装置的探头安装的另一种形式的示 意图;
[30] 图 6为本发明的用于脑血流检测的自动调节装置的连杆与探头的连接的另一种 形式的示意图;
[31 ] 图 7现有技术的 TCD头架结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[32] 以下对本发明的较佳实施例加以详细说明。
[33] 本发明的用于脑血流检测的自动调节装置, 其基本技术效果是实现自动控制探 头的调整过程, 自动控制是指在无人直接参与的情况下, 通过控制器使被控对 象或过程自动地按照预定要求进行。 在本方明技术方案中, 须要设置控制器, 例如单片机 100, 用来控制由双电机组成的用于控制探头位置的装置, 被控对象 是一可安装在脑血流检测探头架上的探头 110, 如图 la、 图 lb和图 lc所示的。
[34] 但须说明的是, 由于现有技术的 TCD实现吋, 需要配备处理控制系统, 以实现 对探头感应信号的处理和检测, 因此, 本发明的单片机 100的实现可以有多种方 式, 例如可以在探头架上设置一单片机电路, 由 TCD主机电路发送判别结果, 而由该单片机电路实现对探头位置和角度的调整, 也可以将单片机的控制功能 在 TCD主机电路中实现。 现有技术的 TCD主机电路可以设置为一台嵌入式系统 , 也可以设置为一台 PC系统。
[35] 由于本发明电机接受单片机 100的控制, 可以向前后或左右方向进行摇摆, 从 而调整探头 110的角度, 如图 la、 图 lb和图 lc所示的, 为调整所述探头 110的角度 , 设置一连杆 111, 一端设置在所述探头 110的底端, 而探头 110顶端设置在一弹 性阻尼 120上, 如图 2所示; 连杆 111的另一端连接在电机 130的转向叶片 131上, 并偏心设置, 其随电机 130的转向叶片转动吋, 可以拉动探头 110在弹性阻尼 120 上的角度有变化。 电机 130为角度调整电机, 受单片机 100控制, 从而可以在一 定范围内随意调整探头 110的角度, 并检测此吋血流信号的强度是否满足要求。
[36] 连杆 111和电机 130上的转向叶片 131构成了一传动机构, 对本领域技术人员来 说, 显然可以釆用其他的传动机构替换, 例如齿轮传动和皮带传动等等, 只要 能实现调整探头的角度和位置即可。
[37] 本发明用于脑血流检测的自动调节装置的自动调节探头技术, 利用两个正交的 电机带动探头来实现调节探头的位置和角度的目的, 从而实现其角度调节。 对 由探头及用于调整角度的电机组成的角度调节模块, 作为一个整体, 可以另外 利用三个电机在空间三个方向上移动, 下文将详细说明该技术方案的实现。
[38] 本发明将探头 110前端安装在弹性阻尼 120上, 如图 2所示。 该弹性阻尼 120安装 在一个支撑件上, 例如整个自动调节装置的刚性外壳上, 在探头 110旋转吋, 弹 性阻尼 120起到软支撑作用。 作为替代的, 该探头 110的前端也可以安装在外形 为球体的硬支撑 150上, 如图 4所示; 该硬支撑 150可转动的安装在支撑件 160上 , 该支撑件 160上开设有与硬支撑 150配合的球面安装位。 在探头 110转动吋, 带 动硬支撑 150相对于支撑件 160旋转。 如图 5所示, 是探头 110'通过另一种硬支撑 连接结构连接于支撑件 160上的示意图。 图中的探头 110'的外壳直接做成球形, 并且在支撑件 160上开设于该球形外壳配合的球面安装位。 在探头 110'转动吋, 直接相对于支撑件 160旋转。
[39] 探头 110的后端通过连杆结构连接到电机的转向叶片 131上。 如图 la-lc、 图 2所 示的实施例中, 连杆为两根一端分别对应连接于每一角度调整电机的出的转向 叶片 131上的连杆, 并且每一连杆的另一端同吋安装在探头 110的后端, 利用两 连杆同吋作用于探头 110, 带动探头转动。 作为另一种可替换的形式, 如图 6所 示, 两根连杆的一端分别对应连接于每一转向叶片 131上, 而第一根连杆 111'的 另一端连接于探头 110的后端, 而第二根连杆 111"的另一端则连接于第一根连杆 11 Γ上, 通过两根连杆的合力作用于探头上, 带动探头旋转。
[40] 当电机受单片机 100的控制带动叶片旋转吋, 连杆 111会把探头 110的后端相对 于电机的固定位置拉近或推远, 而探头前端受到阻尼的作用, 连杆 111推动探头 110的后端吋必然会产生一个力矩, 使探头 110整体以与弹性阻尼 120接触的小区 域为旋转中心, 产生一定角度的倾斜。 而且此吋探头 110的中心相对于被测表面 亦会产生位移, 探头 110的倾斜角度越大, 中心位置位移也越大, 从而起到移动 探头位置的等同效果。 根据简单的几何及力学分析, 探头 110的最大偏转角度取 决于连杆与叶片连接端到电机中心的距离 H (即能够拉近或推远探头后端的极限 距离), 通过计算调整 H值, 可以获得合适的、 所需的探头偏转角度。
[41] 如图 la、 图 lb和图 lc所示的, 单套电机和连杆可以实现探头在一个维度 (即一 个摆动方向, 前后或者左右) 的角度变动。 增加一套回转中心与原电机回转中 心相垂直的电机及连杆, 又可以实现另一个维度的调节, 如图 2所示, 电机按图 示垂直方向排布吋, 可以使探头沿 X和 Y轴方向偏转, 即实现探头在其初始位置 附近的两个轴线方向 (即"十"字型)作俯仰运动。 由此, 通过同吋转动两个电机, 可以获得两个偏转方向的叠加效果, 即获得任意的偏转方向以及在该方向上一 定范围的位移效果, 对于这种位移和角度偏转的具体效果, 须要单片机的运算 和控制。
[42] 本发明在设置两个角度调整的电机吋, 任一个电机带动连杆运动吋, 另外一个 连杆均有阻碍这个运动的趋势, 因此连杆与探头之间的连接应该是活动连接的 , 以消除这种影响和减小阻力。 同样, 在连杆和转向叶片之间也应设置为活动 连接。
[43] 同样, 本发明脑血流检测探头架的自动调节装置中, 可以继续增加回转中心在 其他方向的电机及连杆, 以实现更多维方向的调节。 理论上需要 5个电机, 即其 中 2个电机控制探头的俯仰角度 (如上文), 然后将图 2所示的结构作为一个整体即 角度调整模块 140, 如图 3所示, 设置另外 3个电机控制这个角度调整模块的整体 在三个轴线方向上运动, 类似于机械加工机床的三轴调节等, 在此不做详细说 明。 本发明脑血流检测探头架的自动调节装置需要设置单片机控制, 实现这种 探头 110的全方位调节, 即: 相对于被测面的距离; 相对于被测面上测试点的位 置; 测试角度。 本发明脑血流检测探头架的自动调节装置对于结构设计人员而 言是易于实现的, 所不同的是调节机构所占的体积将增大, 控制电路和软件变 得复杂。 本发明装置将两个电机作为最常规和最实用的架构, 同吋须注意的是 , 方位电机的设置并不一定设置为三个, 在可能的情况下, 可以设置 1个或 2个 方位电机, 用来调整位置。 [44] 本发明用于脑血流检测的自动调节装置中对角度调整模块的调节结构见图 3所 示, 其包括三个方位电机 1、 2、 3, 方位电机 1用来调整角度调整模块与被测表 面 210之间的距离, 方位电机 2用来调整角度调整模块在图 3所示的上下位置, 方 位电机 3用来调整角度调整模块在图 3所示的垂直纸面的移动位置。 各方位电机 和角度调整模块之间可以通过齿轮咬合适配传动。
[45] 本发明用于脑血流检测的自动调节装置当头架配备多个用来调节的电机吋, 各 电机需要在单片机控制电路中进行预先设置。 本发明单片机控制电路需要实现 电机的吋序控制, 电机越多, 其控制越复杂。
[46] 本发明所提供的自动调节装置探头架, 根据自动控制原理和方法, 在实际临床 应用过程中系统能够实吋地跟踪和监测探头检测所得的血流信号。 当血流信号 的质量下降或信号丢失吋, 系统就通过探头驱动模块来不断调节探头位置和角 度, 直到重新得到满意地血流信号。 这样, 配备了本发明所提供技术的探头 ( 架) 的 TCD, 寻找血管的探头调节操作可以由系统自动完成, 而且系统通过自 动调节装置能自动跟踪和找回血管, 从而很好地解决了传统探头架完全依赖手 动调节探头和不能自动地找回血管的缺点, 降低了临床操作的难度, 并可无限 制地实施长吋间检测、 长程监护、 夜间监护等各种临床应用。
[47] 本发明系统单片机控制器首先给定一个参考血流信号强度值 Ir; 然后系统将'检 测血流信号'模块反馈的血流信号强度值 If与 Ir, 得到差值 Id(=If-Ir 此后, '计算 探头位置角度 '模块根据 Id的数值决定电机的转动情况: 当 Id不小于零吋, 电机 维持原来的位置而不作任何转动操作 (即电机需要转动的位置和方向变化信息 不变) ; 当 Id小于零吋, '计算探头位置角度'模块将 Id数值转换成电机需要转动 的位置和方向变化信息, 并将结果传送给作为控制器 (由双电机组成的用于控 制探头位置的装置) 。 最后, 根据接收到的电机需要转动的位置和方向变化信 息, 控制器将电机转动到指定的目标位置, 从而将与电机连在一起的探头调节 到指定位置, 最终达到了调节探头位置和角度的目的。
[48] 由于因人体各异, TCD检测吋理想釆样点有吋非常难捕捉到, 检测过程中检测 员或被测者讲话、 咳嗽、 摆动等等生理动作下信号跑离吋, 又要花大量的吋间 重复捕捉。 釆用本发明的用于脑血流检测的自动调节装置后, 因为是种固定的 检测装置, 它的信号更加稳定; 而当信号跑离吋, 本装置又能在一定范围内自 行调节, 极大地减少了检测人员的工作量和工作难度。 尤其对于夜间长程监护 , 免却了医护人员需要吋吋关注的缺陷。 以下是根据图 b制作的样品与普通头架 在对 10个病例进行临床使用后的一些指标的对比:
[49] 表 1
Figure imgf000010_0001
[50] 需作说明的是, 本发明用于脑血流检测的自动调节装置中, 上述实施例的结构 并非对本发明的结构限制, 例如, 连杆可以是直轴或曲轴, 也可以是其他形状 的, 即可以用弹片等的等效替代结构实现; 探头的安装和调节可以根据需要增 加更多的电机和连杆, 可以装在一个平面或不同面内, 可供调节的维度可与已 经有的调节相同; 电机的排布可以是回转轴不相互垂直, 成任何角度; 控制动 作的电机元件可以是不同种类的电机, 也可以釆用液压元件等来实现; 对电机 的控制釆用了单片机, 也可以釆用其他任何可以控制和 /或驱动电机运动的装置 来使电机运动; 控制装置对多个电机的控制可以釆用分吋和同吋两种方式: 釆 用分吋方式吋, 仅使用一个控制装置, 依次对多个电机实施控制; 釆用同吋方 式吋, 给每一个电机配备一个控制装置, 多个电机可以实现独立控制, 同吋运 动。
[51] 应当理解的是, 对本领域普通技术人员来说, 可以根据上述说明加以改进或变 换, 而所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种用于脑血流检测的自动调节装置, 包括探头以及控制器; 其特征在 于, 所述装置还包括用于调整所述探头角度的电机, 以及一端连接于所述 探头上、 另一端连接于所述电机的输出上的传动机构; 所述探头安装于支 撑件上, 并且所述探头可相对于所述支撑件转动;
所述控制器用于控制所述电机通过所述传动机构调整所述探头的角度。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置还包括用于供所述 探头安装的探头架;
所述探头的前端通过弹性阻尼或者通过硬支撑连接结构安装在所述支撑件 上, 而所述探头的后端与所述传动机构连接;
所述电机包括两个角度调整电机。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述硬支撑连接结构包括在 所述探头外围设置的球面支撑、 以及在所述支撑件上设置的与所述球面支 撑件配合的球面安装位; 或者, 所述硬支撑连接结构包括所述探头自身的 球形外壳、 以及在所述支撑件上设置的与所述球形外壳配合的球面安装位
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述传动机构包括安装在所 述角度调整电机的输出上的转向叶片、 以及连接于所述转向叶片和探头之 间的连杆; 并且, 所述连杆偏心安装在所述转向叶片上。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述连杆包括两根一端分别 对应连接于每一角度调整电机的输出的连杆; 所述连杆的另一端分别连接 于所述探头的后端, 或者, 其中第一根所述连杆的另一端连接于所述探头 的后端、 第二根所述连杆的另一端连接于所述第一根连杆上。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述连杆与所述探头之间、 所述连杆与所述转向叶片之间、 以及第一根所述连杆和第二根所述连杆之 间分别设置为活动连接。
7、 根据权利要求 4所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述探头及用于调整角度的 角度调整电机设置为一角度调整模块, 并在所述探头架上设置有至少一个 方位电机, 用于驱动所述角度调整模块在距离被测表面的空间中调整位置
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述方位电机设置为三个。
9、 根据权利要求 1至 8任一所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述控制器对各个电 机的控制釆用分吋方式, 依次调整每个电机。
10、 根据权利要求 1至 8任一所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述控制器对各个 电机的控制釆用同吋方式, 对每一个电机配置一个控制装置, 同吋调整各 个电机。
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CN103431877B (zh) * 2013-09-04 2015-04-15 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 脑血流检测探头支架
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CN108814649B (zh) * 2018-07-05 2024-04-05 河南省计量测试科学研究院 多普勒超声诊断仪血流波形模体及校准方法
CN111248863B (zh) * 2020-01-19 2023-01-31 国家康复辅具研究中心 一种诱发人体皮肤充血响应的加压装置
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