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WO2008147237A1 - Machine de récolte d'hélophytes à herbes hautes et procédé d'utilisation correspondant - Google Patents

Machine de récolte d'hélophytes à herbes hautes et procédé d'utilisation correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008147237A1
WO2008147237A1 PCT/RU2007/000273 RU2007000273W WO2008147237A1 WO 2008147237 A1 WO2008147237 A1 WO 2008147237A1 RU 2007000273 W RU2007000273 W RU 2007000273W WO 2008147237 A1 WO2008147237 A1 WO 2008147237A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
trolley
machine
tractor
transport
sheaves
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/RU2007/000273
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Aleksandr Jurievich Velcho
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
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Priority to PCT/RU2007/000273 priority Critical patent/WO2008147237A1/fr
Publication of WO2008147237A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008147237A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D44/00—Harvesting of underwater plants, e.g. harvesting of seaweed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D91/00—Methods for harvesting agricultural products
    • A01D91/04—Products growing above the soil

Definitions

  • a machine for harvesting tall grass helophytes and a method for its application is a machine for harvesting tall grass helophytes and a method for its application.
  • the claimed group of inventions relates to agriculture, namely to the cultivation of perennial tall grassy air-water plants (helophytes).
  • Perennial tall grassy water-air plants include, in particular, common reed (phragmites australis), lake reeds (sirpus lacustris) and narrow-leaved cattail (srgapium occidentalum). These plants are used for weaving various products and as a packaging, insulation and building material - reeds. Bulrush is suitable for covering roofs, making hedges, rough grades of paper; goes to bedding for livestock and for fuel (T. V. Egorova. Reed, reed. Great Soviet Encyclopedia - 3rd ed., M., 1977 [2]). Artificial plantings of tall grass helophytes are also used as biofilters in mine and wastewater treatment systems (A.
  • Harvesting tall grass helophytes is carried out for about a hundred days a year: from November to March. This period is dictated by the biological characteristics of these plants. By the beginning of the harvest, the plants ripen and in most of them the leaf falls. The maturity of plants is determined primarily by the light yellow color of its stem, as well as by the absence of a spongy core in tubular stems.
  • the caterpillar motor vehicle adapted for movement on water and on land, is moved with the sweeper placed on it to the place of work. Then cut the reeds with a harvesting machine.
  • the sweeper is driven from the transmission of the wagon.
  • the wagon is equipped with an additional pair of tracks, the lower branch of which is located at a certain height above the lower branch of the caterpillar tracks of the main pair.
  • a harvesting machine forms sheaves from cut reeds and throws them onto the deck. Sheaves are removed from the deck in a container. After filling the container, the wagon is moved to the place of intermediate storage, where sheaves are unloaded from the container.
  • the disadvantage of this vehicle is the placement of a sweeper on it.
  • the disadvantage of this machine is the design of the chassis of the header-sheaf and the availability of the MTZ-80 tractor. As a result, the machine is of great importance for the average specific pressure on the ground. When using it, most of the roots of a perennial plant are mechanically damaged, which significantly reduces the yield of helophytes in the following years and upsets the equilibrium of the local ecosystem.
  • the disadvantage of the method of collecting helophytes using the specified reaper-shears is the placement of sheaves on the field after tying.
  • Ne RU2220531 known for the invention (IPC 7 A01 D37 / 00, A01 D41 / 08, A01 D45 / 00, 2004 [10]) a combine for harvesting sorghum and a sorghum.
  • the specified harvester is a header-sheaf binder consisting of a frame with a divider fixed to it, a sectional conveyor, a grass separator, a cutting apparatus, a knitting apparatus, a needle conveyor, and a running gear. Behind the header-sheaves, sheaf conveyor and tractor trolley are attached. Mentioned A method for harvesting sorghum broom involves the use of the aforementioned combine.
  • the plants are mowed with a cutting apparatus, grabbed by a sectional conveyor and transported to a knitting apparatus, where sheaves are formed and tied with twine.
  • a needle conveyor sheaves are dumped onto the sheaf conveyor, and they are moved to a tractor trolley.
  • the technical result provided by the inventive machine for harvesting tall grass helophytes is to ensure the safety of the root system of helophytes, which is directly manifested when using the inventive machine. This ensures stable yields of helophytes from year to year. This also leads to a significant reduction in the negative impact of the use of the machine on the ecosystem of the area.
  • the technical result provided by the claimed method of harvesting tall grass helophytes is the preservation of the root system of helophytes, which is manifested in the implementation of the method. On the one hand, this ensures stable crops from year to year. On the other hand, this leads to a significant reduction in the negative impact of the method on the ecosystem of the area in which the method is applied.
  • the essence of the machine for collecting tall helophytes is that it contains a tractor, to which an intermediate trolley is attached, to which a transport trolley is attached. In this case, the width of the intermediate carriage is greater than the width of the tractor.
  • N headers and sheaves are arranged in a row N, so that their cutting elements are directed forward in the direction of the car’s movement, they were mainly outside the tractor’s track.
  • the tractor, intermediate and transport trolleys are configured to provide an average specific pressure on the ground of not more than 0.22 kg / sq. Cm.
  • the tractor is mainly made in the form of a caterpillar tractor, and its coupling device for engaging the intermediate truck is placed horizontally in the center of its rear.
  • the wheels of the undercarriage of the intermediate and transport trolleys are preferably in the form of wheels of ultra-low pressure.
  • the essence of the method of harvesting tall grass helophytes is that when implementing the method, a machine containing a shear-binder and a transport trolley is used, and the method includes cutting said helophytes, forming sheaves from them and transporting sheaves to a transport trolley. Moreover, the said machine further comprises a tractor and an intermediate trolley attached to it, on which at least one header-sheave is placed. The transport trolley is attached to the intermediate trolley. In this case, the tractor, intermediate and transport trolleys are configured to provide an average specific pressure on the ground of not more than 0.22 kg / sq. Cm. After filling the transport trolley with sheaves, the machine is stopped and the filled transport trolley is replaced with an empty transport trolley.
  • the filled trolley is transported from the harvesting place by transport, preferably made providing an average specific pressure on soil no more than 0.22 kg / sq. cm. It is advisable to use an intermediate trolley wider than the width of the tractor, and place the header-sheaves on the intermediate trolley so that their cutting elements are directed forward in the direction of travel of the machine and are located mainly outside the track of the tractor.
  • the invention is illustrated by the following graphic materials.
  • Figure 1 shows a diagram of a machine for cleaning helophytes, a top view
  • Figure 2 is a diagram of the same machine, side view, in FIG. 3 - an example of the performance of the header-sheaves.
  • the machine for collecting tall grass helophytes (Fig. 1, 2) contains a tractor (1), to which an intermediate trolley (2) is attached. On the intermediate trolley (2), N row shearers (3) are placed in a row. The minimum value of N is one.
  • Each shear-binder (3) contains a divider (4), a sectional conveyor (not shown), a cutting apparatus (not shown) with cutting elements (5), a knitting apparatus (not shown).
  • the width of the intermediate carriage (2) is greater than the width of the tractor (1). Header-sheaves (3) are placed on the intermediate carriage (2) so that their cutting elements (5) are directed forward in the direction of movement of the machine and are outside relative to the track of the tractor (1).
  • header-sheaves (3) on one side of the tractor rut: to the right or left.
  • the attachment of the header-sheaf binder (3) to the intermediate trolley (2) is made with the possibility of adjusting their height position.
  • Header-sheaves (3) in addition, are made with the possibility of adjusting the height of the position of the cutting elements (5) of the cutting apparatus.
  • a transport trolley (6) is attached to the intermediate trolley (2), designed to accommodate helophytes cut and tied into sheaves.
  • the tractor contains a towing device (7) connected to the drawbar (8) of the intermediate carriage (2).
  • the intermediate bogie (2) contains a towing device (9) connected to the drawbar (10) of the transport bogie (6):
  • the chassis of the tractor (1), intermediate (2) and transport (6) bogies are made providing an average specific pressure on the ground of not more than 0.22 kg / sq. Cm.
  • the tractor is made in the form of a caterpillar all-terrain vehicle TM 120 of the base model manufactured by OJSC Kurganmashzavod, Russia. (http://www.kmz.ru/ [11])
  • the operating weight of the all-terrain vehicle is 9800 kg
  • the width of the track (11) is 800 mm
  • the average specific ground pressure is 0.22 kgf / sq. cm.
  • the coupling device (7) of the tractor (1) for engaging the intermediate carriage is placed horizontally in the center of its rear.
  • the intermediate carriage (2) is uniaxial, with three wheels: left (12), right (13) and middle (14). Two wheels (12, 13) are placed on the sides of the intermediate trolley (2), and one - the middle (14) - between them.
  • This embodiment of the intermediate carriage (2) makes it possible to simplify the design of its chassis due to the absence of a rotary device compared to a four-wheeled biaxial carriage, for example, a 2-PTC-4-887B trailer ("Agricultural machines and the fundamentals of operating a tractor fleet.” Chetyrkin B . H. et al. - 2nd ed. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1989 [12, p. 263, Fig. 128 (6)]).
  • the uniaxial implementation of the intermediate truck (2) provides better maneuverability of the claimed machine.
  • the drawbar (8) of the intermediate carriage (2) is placed in front of the carriage between its two adjacent wheels (in figure 1, between the left (12) and middle (14) wheels).
  • the track of these wheels, between which the drawbar (8) is placed, can be made slightly smaller than the track of the tractor (1). This is done so that during straight-line movement of the machine, the wheels of the intermediate carriage (2) do not move in the same place as the tractor (1) passed, made, for example, as described in example 1. In this case, the intermediate carriage (2) does not move “NEXT-NEXT” behind the tractor (1). This provides an additional reduction in the mechanical effect on the root system of helophytes when using the inventive machine.
  • the coupling device (9) for engaging the transport carriage (6) is located on the intermediate carriage (2) at the rear, between the same wheels between which the drawbar (8) is placed. This ensures the exclusion of bending loads on the intermediate carriage (2) from the side of the transport carriage (6) while the machine is moving.
  • the intermediate carriage (2) is equipped with an operator's cab (not shown), containing a place for the operator and governing-shears-header controls.
  • the operator adjusts the frequency of operation and the height above the ground of the cutting elements (5) of the cutting apparatus.
  • Each shear-binder header (3) is made in the form of an industrially manufactured mounted shear-binder header (Fig. 3), which is included in the set of the BCS 270 industrially manufactured mini-tractor manufactured by BCS S.p.A., Milan, Italy. All header-sheaves (3) are driven by a single power unit (15) mounted on an intermediate trolley (2). The transmission of torque from the power unit (15) to the shearers-sheaves (3) is carried out using a hydraulic actuator.
  • Example 4 The transport trolley (6) is made biaxial and contains a frame (16), a platform (17) and a running gear.
  • the chassis contains two axles (18), four low pressure wheels (19), a rigid suspension (not shown), a front wheel swivel mechanism (not shown) with a drawbar (10).
  • the platform (17) is made essentially rectangular in shape, has dimensions 3200x3000 mm.
  • a recess (20) is made over the entire width, which makes it possible to rationally use the space between the wheels (19) of the transport trolley (6) to place sheaves of harvested helophytes.
  • the said recess (2) is also intended to hold the sheaves on the bogie (b): to prevent them from slipping when the speed of the machine changes.
  • the wheels of the undercarriage of the intermediate (2) and transport (6) bogies are made in the form of wheels of ultra-low pressure 0.3-0.5 atmospheres, 1300 mm in diameter and 600 mm wide manufactured by TREKOL NPF LLC, Lyubertsy, Moscow Region, Russia (http://www.trecol.ru [13]).
  • the design of the wheels is described in the description of the invention to patent N ° RU2089403 (IPC 6 B60B21 / 10, 1997 [14])
  • Curb weight of the intermediate trolley (2) (with equipment and three operators), containing two header-sheave-knobs (3) and three wheels ( 12, 13, 14), is 2,400 kg.
  • the load on one wheel does not exceed 850 kg (due to the uneven distribution of load between the wheels).
  • the mass of a fully loaded four-wheeled transport trolley (b) is 4,300 kg (empty trolley (6) 1,500 kg, 4 workers 300 kg, plants weigh up to 2,500 kg). Moreover, the load on one wheel (19) does not exceed 1,075 kg.
  • a sheaf conveyor belt is additionally installed on the intermediate trolley.
  • the specified conveyor is designed to move the sheaves from the header-sheaf-binders to the transport trolley.
  • the sheaf conveyor is equipped with a needle conveyor.
  • the sheaf conveyor is driven from the same unit from which the shearers-sheaves are driven.
  • the implementation of the structural elements of the claimed invention is not limited to the above examples. So, the actuation of the reaper-sheaves (3) can be performed from the tractor power take-off device (1).
  • the intermediate carriage (2) can be made biaxial or triaxial.
  • the claimed technical result ensuring the safety of the root system of helophytes, is achieved due to the fact that the machine contains a tractor to which an intermediate carriage is attached, to which a transport carriage is attached.
  • the width of the intermediate carriage is greater than the width of the tractor.
  • row-shears are placed in a row N, so that their cutting elements are directed forward in the direction of travel of the machine and are mainly outside the tractor rut.
  • the tractor, intermediate and transport trolleys are configured to provide an average specific pressure on the ground of not more than 0.22 kg / sq. Cm.
  • a machine comprising a tractor (1) connected in series, an intermediate carriage (2) and a transport carriage (6).
  • the tractor (1) is coupled to the intermediate carriage (2).
  • the intermediate trolley (2) is coupled with the transport trolley (6).
  • N row shearers (3) are placed in a row.
  • Each shear-binder (3) contains a divider (4), a sectional conveyor (not shown), a cutting apparatus (not shown) with cutting elements (5), a knitting apparatus (not shown).
  • the width of the intermediate carriage (2) is greater than the width of the tractor (1). Header-sheaves (3) are placed on the intermediate trolley (2) so that their cutting elements (5) are directed forward in the direction of movement of the machine and are outside the track of the tractor (1).
  • the chassis of the tractor (1), intermediate (2) and transport (6) bogies are made with the possibility of providing an average specific pressure on the ground of not more than 0.22 kg / sq. Cm.
  • the height of the cutting elements (5) of the cutting apparatus is set above the ground, and the frequency of operation of the cutting elements (5) is also established.
  • the machine is moving, the plants falling into the divider (4) are cut using a cutting apparatus.
  • the density of gelofit thickets, the speed of the machine, the height of the cutting elements (5) and the frequency of operation of the cutting elements (5) are adjusted.
  • bundles are formed that are transported to the knitting apparatus. In the knitting apparatus, these bundles are tied, for example, with Tex 2200 polypropylene twine according to GOST 17308-88.
  • Sheaves obtained in this way are transported from the knitting apparatus to the transport trolley (6).
  • the machine After filling the transport trolley (6) with sheaves, the machine is stopped and the filled transport trolley is replaced with an empty transport trolley.
  • the filled transport trolley is unhooked and another, empty transport trolley is attached.
  • the filled trolley is transported to a warehouse, or a temporary storage place, or a place for further processing, where this trolley is unloaded.
  • transportation of the filled truck to the warehouse is carried out by transport, the chassis of which is made with the possibility of providing an average specific pressure on the ground of not more than 0.22 kg / sq. Cm. This is done, for example, using a device similar to the tractor unit (1) of the machine used in the claimed method.
  • Transportation of the filled truck can also be carried out by a light all-terrain vehicle or a tractor on ultra-low pressure wheels (patent Ns RU2084366, IPC 6 B62D57 / 00, B62D61 / 00, 1997 [15]).
  • the helophyte harvest season for a particular locality is considered completed at the end of processing the entire planned locality.
  • Harvesting is also stopped earlier if it is discovered that the period of bird nesting or the period of spawning of fish has come (tentatively from March 1).
  • it is required to stop harvesting helophytes to ensure the living conditions of migratory waterfowl. Examples of the method of collecting tall grass helophytes.
  • All sheaves-sheaves (3) are driven by a single unit (15) mounted on an intermediate trolley (2). In this case, the machine is brought into action by starting the tractor engine (1) and starting the specified unit (15).
  • All header-sheaves (3) are driven by a tractor power take-off device (1).
  • the transmission of torque from the tractor (1) to the shearers and sheaves (3) is carried out using a hydraulic actuator. In this case, bringing the machine into action consists in starting the tractor engine (1).
  • each header-sheaf binder (3) contains a needle conveyor that ejects the sheaves from the knitting apparatus onto the sheaf conveyor.
  • the claimed technical result preservation of the root system of helophytes, is achieved due to the fact that when implementing the method, a machine containing a tractor, an intermediate trolley attached to it, on which at least one header-sheaf binder is mounted, is used.
  • a transport trolley is attached to the intermediate trolley.
  • the tractor, the intermediate and transport trolleys are configured to provide an average specific pressure on the ground of not more than 0.22 kg / sq. Cm.
  • the method includes cutting said helophytes, forming sheaves from them and transporting the sheaves to a transport trolley. After filling the transport carriage with sheaves, the aforementioned machine is stopped, and the filled transport carriage is replaced with an empty transport carriage.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Agricultural Machines (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne l'agriculture et notamment la culture d'hélophytes vivaces aquatiques et aériens à herbes hautes dont font partie notamment le roseau commun (phragmites australis), le jonc des chaisiers (scirpus lacustris) et le rubanier d'eau (sparganium erectum). L'invention permet de préserver le système de racines des hélophytes pour assurer une récolte stable d'hélophytes d'année en année et réduire sensiblement l'impact négatif des machines sur l'écosystème du lieu. La machine de récolte d'hélophytes à herbes hautes comprend un tracteur (1) auquel est accroché un chariot intermédiaire (2) auquel est accroché un chariot de transport (6). La largeur du chariot intermédiaire (2) est supérieure à la largeur du tracteur (1). Sur le chariot intermédiaire (2) on a montée une rangée de N moissonneuses-gerbeuses (3) de manière à ce que leurs éléments de coupe (5) soient orientés vers l'avant, dans le sens de mouvement de la machine et se situent à l'extérieur de la voie du tracteur (1). Le tracteur (1), le chariot intermédiaire (2) et le chariot de transport (6) sont réalisés de manière à pouvoir assurer une pression spécifique moyenne sur le sol inférieure ou égale à 0,22 kg/cm(2). L'opération de récolte d'hélophytes à herbes hautes consiste à couper les plantes, à former des gerbes à partir de ces plantes et à transporter les gerbes sur un chariot de transport (6). Une fois ledit chariot (6) rempli de gerbes, on arrête la machine et on remplace ce chariot de transport chargé par un chariot de transport vide. Dans ce procédé on utilise la machine décrite ici.
PCT/RU2007/000273 2007-05-28 2007-05-28 Machine de récolte d'hélophytes à herbes hautes et procédé d'utilisation correspondant Ceased WO2008147237A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2007/000273 WO2008147237A1 (fr) 2007-05-28 2007-05-28 Machine de récolte d'hélophytes à herbes hautes et procédé d'utilisation correspondant

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2007/000273 WO2008147237A1 (fr) 2007-05-28 2007-05-28 Machine de récolte d'hélophytes à herbes hautes et procédé d'utilisation correspondant

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WO2008147237A1 true WO2008147237A1 (fr) 2008-12-04

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT513600B1 (de) * 2013-04-05 2014-06-15 Schuch Franz Schilfrohrerntemaschine
FR3012286A1 (fr) * 2013-10-28 2015-05-01 Gerard Jaulent Dispositif de coupe de vegetaux notamment a des fins de faucardage
CN108647394A (zh) * 2018-04-13 2018-10-12 中铁物轨道科技服务集团有限公司 一种基于轮轨接触应力的道岔钢轨外形设计方法
CN111226571A (zh) * 2020-04-07 2020-06-05 石河子大学 一种芦苇除杂及定量喂入装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1344624A (en) * 1919-01-10 1920-06-29 Ellis Harry Ellwood Caterpillar-tractor swamp-harvester
SU36189A1 (ru) * 1933-01-27 1934-04-30 А.Г. Устинов Гусенична моторна повозка дл уборки камыша
SU1012828A1 (ru) * 1981-12-25 1983-04-23 Киевский Филиал Украинского Государственного Проектного Института Местной Промышленности Агрегат дл уборки водных растений
SU1477297A1 (ru) * 1987-06-15 1989-05-07 С. К. Коваленко Камышеуборочный комплекс
US5425222A (en) * 1994-07-06 1995-06-20 Crain; Willard L. Underwater weed cutting apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1344624A (en) * 1919-01-10 1920-06-29 Ellis Harry Ellwood Caterpillar-tractor swamp-harvester
SU36189A1 (ru) * 1933-01-27 1934-04-30 А.Г. Устинов Гусенична моторна повозка дл уборки камыша
SU1012828A1 (ru) * 1981-12-25 1983-04-23 Киевский Филиал Украинского Государственного Проектного Института Местной Промышленности Агрегат дл уборки водных растений
SU1477297A1 (ru) * 1987-06-15 1989-05-07 С. К. Коваленко Камышеуборочный комплекс
US5425222A (en) * 1994-07-06 1995-06-20 Crain; Willard L. Underwater weed cutting apparatus

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT513600B1 (de) * 2013-04-05 2014-06-15 Schuch Franz Schilfrohrerntemaschine
AT513600A4 (de) * 2013-04-05 2014-06-15 Schuch Franz Schilfrohrerntemaschine
FR3012286A1 (fr) * 2013-10-28 2015-05-01 Gerard Jaulent Dispositif de coupe de vegetaux notamment a des fins de faucardage
CN108647394A (zh) * 2018-04-13 2018-10-12 中铁物轨道科技服务集团有限公司 一种基于轮轨接触应力的道岔钢轨外形设计方法
CN111226571A (zh) * 2020-04-07 2020-06-05 石河子大学 一种芦苇除杂及定量喂入装置

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