WO2008141631A1 - Method and device for initiating conversion processes by magnetic fields and/or oxygen donators - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for initiating an anaerobic metabolic process of a system comprising fermentable organics, particularly a method for increasing the methane yield of a system generating methane, wherein a microbiotic mixture of photosynthetically working microorganisms and light-emitting microorganisms is added to the system.

Description

 description

Method and device for exciting reaction processes by magnetic fields and / or oxygen donors

The present invention relates to a method for exciting an anaerobic metabolic process of a fermentable organism-containing system, in particular for increasing the methane yield of a methane-generating system.

In anaerobic metabolic processes, carbohydrates, i. h., compounds containing CH have been degraded to yield energy. The last stage of anaerobic degradation of biogenic substances is the microbial formation of methane. Methane together with carbon dioxide is called biogas, whereby the energetically interesting portion of the biogas is methane. Here, fermentable, organicshaltige residues such as sewage sludge or biowaste, but also sludges that arise at airports due to the use of deicing in manholes and cable ducts or cable systems and shafts that are used outdoors, especially at airports or railway stations arise as starting materials for Methane production can be used.

A disadvantage of the known methods for biogas or methane production, however, is that since the methane formation can take place only under strictly anaerobic conditions and systems contained in the fermentable organics often oxygen donors are present, only the oxygen must be degraded, resulting in a slowdown or Prevent the methane formation process.

Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method by which the fermentation process can be accelerated.

This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1, and a device according to claim 9. The addition according to the invention of a microbiotic mixture of photosynthetically active microorganisms and light-emitting microorganisms to a fermentable organism-comprising system ensures that oxygen present in the system is consumed much faster, so that the methane formation process can be used more quickly and more effectively.

In particular, a microbiotic mixture is advantageous in which the photosynthetically active microorganisms are optionally phototrophic, with particular use being made of prochlorophytes or cyanobacteria, green sulfur bacteria, purple bacteria, chloroflexus-like bacteria, heliobacteria, heliobacillus-like bacteria or mixtures of two or more thereof can.

Furthermore, it has proved to be advantageous, as another embodiment shows, that the metabolic process can be further stimulated by the application of the system to a magnetic field. It is particularly advantageous if the magnetic field has a field strength of at least one mTesla.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the microbiotic mixture contains microorganisms which have magnetites, so that the system is subjected to a magnetic field via the microorganisms containing magnetite.

In addition, the system nitrite and / or sulfate and / or acetate and / or a deicing agent for a cable system or shaft, which is used outdoors, especially at airports or stations, be added.

Further advantages and advantageous embodiments are defined in the subclaims.

In the following, the effectiveness of the method according to the invention is described on the basis of several experiments in which the methane production of fermentable organism-containing systems are compared with or without the addition of the microbiotic mixture. Show it: FIG. 1 shows a comparative illustration of a first test result with and without the use of the method according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a comparative illustration of a second test result with and without the use of the method according to the invention;

FIG. 3: a comparative illustration of a third test result with and without the use of the method according to the invention;

FIG. 4 shows a comparative illustration of a fourth test result with and without the use of the method according to the invention;

FIG. 5 shows a comparative illustration of a fifth test result with and without the use of the method according to the invention;

FIG. 6 shows a comparative illustration of a sixth test result with and without the use of the method according to the invention;

FIG. 7 shows a comparative illustration of a seventh test result with and without the use of the method according to the invention; and

FIG. 8 shows a comparative illustration of an eighth test result with and without the use of the method according to the invention;

In principle, the method according to the invention is applicable to all metabolic processes that take place under anaerobic conditions. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the example of methane formation.

The microbiotic mixture, hereinafter referred to as "reacre", can cause environmental changes in methane-generating systems through the use of specific microbial biocenoses and various protective agents known from extreme habitats (deep-sea methane sources) faster and stronger methanation is achievable.

The figures described in more detail below show the effect of the microbiotic mixture on the methanogenic activity of various sludges and biofilms in the field of outer cable duct systems, in particular at airports and railway stations Sewage sludge of an exemplary treatment plant (Soers of the city of Aachen) are compared. The name and origin of the sludge is given in Table 1.

Table 1: Origin and description of the sludge samples

Sample number Origin Sample name

1 cable pulling system sludge from shaft 1

2 cable system sludge from shaft 2

3 cable system Sludge from shaft 3

4 cable tension system sludge from shaft 4

5 Cable tension system Sludge from shaft 5

6 Cable system sludge shaft wall 1

7 Cable system sludge shaft wall 2

8 Cable system sludge shaft wall 3

9 Cable pull system Sludge Cable tray 1

10 Cable pull system Mud Cable flatbed 2

11 Cable pull system Cable pull tube

12 Cable pull system Cable pull tube

13 Cable pull system Cable pull tube

14 sewage treatment plant Aachen sludge Soers

The gas analysis was carried out with a gas chromatograph from Perkin Elmer, Model Autosystem under the following analysis conditions:

Sample volume 100 μl

Injector temperature 65 ⁰ C

Column CTR 1 column (Alltech GmbH, Unterhaching, Cat. No. 8700)

Column temperature 40 ^° C isothermal

Detector WLD (thermal conductivity detector)

Detector temperature 14O ⁰ C

Carrier gas helium 5.0

Carrier gas flow 62.5 ml / min

AD Interface PE Nelson 900 Series Interfacel Data acquisition and integration program: Perkin bucket Turbochrom Navigator 4.0. The principle of the thermal conductivity detector WLD is based on the continuous measurement of the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas and the column eluate according to the hot wire method. It indicates all components which, when mixed with the carrier gas, produce a thermal conductivity which deviates from the pure carrier gas (differential measurement).

With the CTR-1 column from Alltech GbmH, the gases CO, N ₂ O, CH ₄ , CO ₂ , O ₂ and N ₂ can be simultaneously detected at room temperature without a temperature program. It is a packed stainless steel column in the form of a double column system. The filling material of the inner column consists of a Porapakmaterial, by which the gases CO ₂ , CH ₄ and N ₂ O are separated. CO, O ₂ , N ₂ and CH ₄ are detected via the outer column. The packing of the outer column consists of a molecular sieve 13X.

The gas sample is injected directly into the injection block using a 100 μl gas tight syringe (Type 1710 SL, Hamilton, Nevada, USA) and cannula (7758-03, Hamilton, Nevada, USA).

The calibration of the system takes place every measuring day. For this purpose, six test gases of the compositions given below are injected into the gas chromatograph.

The composition of the six standard test gases is given in Table 2, but may vary depending on the expected vol% fractions.

The test gases are filled at a slight overpressure (about 1020 hPa) in 1 l transfusion bottles and closed gas-tight with a perforated cap, chlorobutyl stopper and rubber sealing disc (Macherey-Nagel, article No. N35 B red). Table 2: Composition [%] of the test gases for O ₂ , CO ₂ and CH ₄

Test gases O ₂ CO ₂ CH ₄ Ar N ₂

Test gas no. 1 20.8 0.8 - remainder

Test gas no. 2 20.8 0.02 - remainder

Test gas no. 3 17 10 - remainder

Test gas no. 4 - - 2 remainder -

Test gas no. 5 - - 5 remainder

Test Gas No. 6 - - 20 Remainder

For oxygen, carbon dioxide and methane, a three-point calibration is created. Each test gas is injected three times and the peak area is plotted against the partial pressure of 02, CO2 or CH4, which is determined from the total pressure in the test gas cylinder and the volume fraction of the individual gas:

p = pG ^* V / 100 p = partial pressure of O ₂ , CO ₂ or CH ₄ in the corresponding test gas cylinder [mbar] pG = total pressure in the test gas cylinder [mbar] V =% by volume of O ₂ , CO ₂ or CH ₄ in the appropriate test gas cylinder

On the basis of the straight-line equation according to the general formula y = ax + b, the partial pressure of O ₂ , CO ₂ or CH ₄ can be determined for each batch vessel.

The amount of substance [mmol] of the desired gases is determined by the ideal gas equation. The volume change of the gas phase in the batches by adding liquid is taken into account in the calculation.

, * V n =

R * T n = molar mass of the gas in the gas space of the experimental batch [mol] p = partial pressure determined from the peak area [hPa]

V = headspace volume of the mixture [m3]

T = temperature [K]

R = general gas constant: 8.314 J mol-1 K-1

The general gas equation applies to ideal gases. A gas behaves approximately ideally at high temperatures and low pressures. Since operating in a pressure range of 1000 to 1500 hPa, the conditions for the application of the general gas equation are considered fulfilled.

Dry weight and DOC (= dissolved organic carbon) were determined according to the German standard method for water, wastewater and sludge testing (DEV (DIN / ISO)). The anions were analyzed by ion chromatography.

The heavy metals were analyzed by mass spectrometry after digestion with, for example, an oxygen acid of nitrogen, in particular nitric acid HNO ₃ and ion chromatography.

For investigations of the methane formation capacity, microcosm investigations were carried out in so-called "closed-bottle" approaches, in which the local conditions are to be simulated.

In the first series of experiments, 300 ml of digested sludge from the Soers wastewater treatment plant in Aachen were put into 1 L bottles, closed in a gas-tight manner and incubated at 22 ° C. in the dark. From the different mud and biofilm samples of the cable pull system 25OmL were placed in 1 L gas bottles, hermetically sealed and incubated at 22 ° C in the dark. Due to the small amounts of sludge, the No. 1 and No. 4 sludges from the shafts No. 6 and No. 8 were combined from the shaft walls and No. 9 and No. 10 from the cable trays. Due to the low volume available, the mud sample from the cable draw tube was diluted to 357.14 g dry weight / L. In order to prove possible influences by electric and / or magnetic fields through the current flows in the electric cables, some experimental approaches were carried out in a magnetic field with a field strength of 1 mT. All preparations (digested sludge and sludge and biofilm samples of the cable system) were performed with 3 parallels. To determine the prevention of methane formation, various experimental conditions were tested (addition of inhibitors such as, alkali and acids, nitrate, sulfate, microorganisms). Deicing agents were added at 1% (volume) unless otherwise stated.

Of the mud and biofilm samples of the cable system, 3 approaches each were also performed with and without reacre ©. Each batch was inoculated with 1% (volume) reacre © solution.

A total of 14 mud and biofilm samples were examined. To estimate the biomass and its possible bioactivity, it was necessary to know the dry mass and the dissolved organic carbon content of the samples.

Table 3 shows that the organic content in the sludges may well vary based on the dry weight.

The highest dry matter content is found in the two slurries of the midline firing (sample numbers 11 and 12) at 31, 3 and 38.5%. Table 3: Characterization of sludge samples - Organic load

Sample dry DOC from the mud

Number mass [%] supernatant [mg / L]

1 5.8 45,510.5 shaft

4 5.8 42.274.6 shaft

6 4.6 35.337.8 shaft wall

7 10.1 1.713.2 shaft wall

8 2.5 32.818.8 shaft wall

9 2.8 33.935.6 Cable tray

10 6.4 54.984,0 Cable tray

11 31, 3 157,0 Cable pull tube

12 38.5 2.314.9 Cable pull tube

14 1, 8 142.8 digested sludge

The content of anions that can influence the redox potential in the sludge is summarized in Table 4. Notable amounts of nitrate were found only in the sludge sample 14 of the Soers treatment plant; Sulphate in the mud sample 12 from the cable drawbar.

Table 4: Characterization of Sludge Samples - Inorganics - Anions

Sample Nos. Cr NO ^~ B; N ^~ POf SO] ^~ [mg / L]

I 66.5 n.n. N. N. N. N. N. N. 4.6

4 82,1 n.n. N. N. N. N. N. N. 7.1

6 79.2 n.n. N. N. N. N. N. N. 4.9

7 132.4 n.n. N. N. N. N. N. N. 2.3

8 69.9 n.n. N. N. N. N. N. N. 5.8

9 67.0 n.n. N. N. N. N. N. N. 5.7

10 64.8 n.n. N. N. N. N. N. N. 5.9

I I 15,2 n.n. N. N. N. N. N. N. 3.8 12 254.7 n.n. N. N. N. N. N. N. 1, 8 14 155.9 n.n. N. N. 3.8 n.n. 4.6

Table 5 contains the concentrations of the elements (metals). Compared to digested sludge 14, the high concentrations of calcium and sulfur in samples 11 and 12 are from the mud of the cable drawbar, iron in sample 7 (mud well wall) and the overall high level of zinc in samples 1-10.

Table 5: Characterization of Sludge Samples - Elements - (Metals)

1 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 [mg / L]

Mg 824 183 848 964 290 326 879 8901 S 123

AI 1462 459 S 2523 658 719 1726 7677 S 243

As 1 0 1 2 1 <0.5 1 2 2 0

B 1 <0.5 1 1 <0.5 0 1 3 4 1

Ba 15 5 19 18 7 9 19 560 42 4

Ca 2847 653 3646 2176 970 1017 2857 41609 41064 544

Cd 1 <0.5 1 1 <0.5 <0.5 1 1 1 <0.5

Co 4 1 7 3 1 1 4 4 3 <0.5

Cr 4 1 4 5 1 1 5 6 7 2

Cu 47 20 71 81 19 25 58 34 69 4

Fe. 2085 771 931 15360 1185 417 798 2653 3045 1322

Mn 18 5 30 34 8 8 22 61 74 12

Mo 1 <0.5 1 1 <0.5 <0.5 1 1 1 <0.5

Ni 3 1 3 5 1 1 3 11 8 2

P 880 299 105 1874 358 85 172 748 926 502

Pb 7 4 11 15 6 5 9 4 4 3

Rb 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 4 5 0

S 205 66 275 229 87 94 197 2019 1528 51

Sr 10 3 12 7 4 4 11 83 63 3

V 3 1 4 6 1 1 3 6 9 0

Zn 952 527 1767 1993 590 615 859 57 69 27

First, a microcosm system with digested sludge from the Soers wastewater treatment plant in Aachen was created to demonstrate biogenic methane formation.

In the double pictures A; B of Figures 1 to 4, the results of oxygen depletion and biogas formation (CO ₂ and CH ₄ ) are graphically represented in the Gäransätzen with digested sludge. The presentation of the significantly higher nitrogen concentrations (N ₂ ) in the figures was omitted for the sake of clarity, since they were constant in all approaches over the time in a range of 30 mmol. On the right-hand side of the double image marked B, the course of the fermentation processes with and on the left-hand side marked B ₁ A is shown without reacre ©.

The concentrations of the gases and their courses over time are shown in the legend for the O ₂ elevation by the O ₂ and the fermentation gases CO ₂ and CH ₄ by the lines labeled CO ₂ and CH ₄ , respectively.

For each experimental condition, three parallel approaches were examined, as indicated by the different symbols in the line graphs. The different experimental conditions as well as the system interventions such as addition of nutrients, de-icing agent (EM), additional inoculation with reacre ©, irradiation etc. as well as their times / ranges are indicated in the respective counts. The application of the electromagnetic fields (1 mTesla) was made only for those with reacre from the 45th day of the experiment. In the upper double figures of the figures with the additional figure -1 the temporal fermentation processes up to the 33rd experimental day and in which with the suffix -2 the respective following courses between the 33rd and 60th experimental day are shown.

The suitability of digested sludge as a methane generating system could be clearly demonstrated in all approaches. The initial oxygen content between 4 and 7 mmol was consumed after 6 to 9 days (Figures 1-1, 2-1, 3-1, 4-1). The formation of biogas (CO ₂ and CH ₄ ) started immediately after the start of the experiment. Starting at concentrations <5 mmol, both CO ₂ and CH _{4 were} reached after different times between 20 and 25 mmol. The stability and representativeness of the microcosm approaches are shown by the almost identical curves of the measured gas concentrations over the test period of 60 days.

The double figures of the subfigures 1-1 and 1-2 show the time courses of the gas concentrations (O ₂ , CO ₂ and CH ₄ ) in the fermentation with digested sludge from the Soers wastewater treatment plant in Aachen over a period of a total of 60 days. The Images on the right contain the results of the approaches, which were additionally inoculated with reacre © after 3, 15, 19, 26 and 53 days.

The addition of deicing (1%) as an additional nutrient substrate took place on the 33rd day of the experiment (FIG. 2-2). From the 45th day of the experiment, the experimental batch 1, which was inoculated with reacre © exposed to an electromagnetic field with a field strength of 1 mTesla, but this had no significant effect on the fermentation process.

The inoculations seeded with reacre © showed an increased fermentation activity as indicated by the higher concentrations of biogas (CO ₂ and CH ₄ ).

The double figures of Figures 2-1 and 2-2 show the time courses of the gas concentrations (O ₂ , CO ₂ and CH ₄ ) in the fermentation with digested sludge, which were additionally added as organic nutrients acetate and peptone, over a period of a total of 60 days. The images on the right contain the results of the approaches, which were additionally inoculated with reacre © after 3, 15, 19, 26 and 53 days.

The addition of deicing agent (1%) as an additional nutrient substrate took place on the 33rd day of the experiment (FIG. 2-2). From the 45th day of the experiment, the experimental batch 1, which was inoculated with reacre ©, exposed to an electromagnetic field with a field strength of 1 mTesla.

The approaches seeded with reacre © showed enhanced fermentation activity, as evidenced by higher concentrations of biogas (CO ₂ and CH ₄ ).

The Gäransätze shown in the subfigures 3-1 and 3-2 contained digested sludge, which was added in addition as organic nutrients acetate and peptone and as another hydrogen acceptor nitrate, over a period of a total of 60 days. The images on the right contain the results of the approaches, which were additionally inoculated with reacre © after 3, 15, 19, 26 and 53 days. The addition of deicing (1%) as an additional nutrient substrate took place on the 33rd day of the experiment (FIG. 3-2). Nitrate was post-dosed on the 43rd day of the experiment. From the 45th day of the experiment, the experimental batch 1, which was inoculated with reacre ©, exposed to an electromagnetic field with a field strength of 1 mTesla.

The additional nitrate feed was reflected in a halt in biogas production and a subsequent decrease in CO ₂ and CH ₄ . This was increasingly observed in the approaches seeded with reacre ©.

The Gäransätze shown in the subfigures 4-1 and 4-2 contained digested sludge, which was added as additional organic nutrients acetate and peptone and as another hydrogen acceptor sulfate. The images on the right contain the results of the approaches, which were additionally inoculated with reacre © after 3, 15, 19, 26 and 53 days.

The addition of deicing (1%) as an additional nutrient substrate took place on the 33rd day of the experiment (FIG. 4-2). From the 45th day of the experiment, the experimental batch 1, which was inoculated with reacre ©, exposed to an electromagnetic field with a field strength of 1 mTesla. Sulfate, which also acts as a methanogenesis inhibitor, was post-dosed on the 54th day of the trial.

The approaches seeded with reacre © showed enhanced fermentation activity. The additional sulfate release was reflected in a halt in biogas production and a subsequent decrease in CO ₂ and CH ₄ .

In the following, evidence of the mode of action of reacre® in muds of manholes and in the biofilm of components of a cable system used in outdoor facilities, in particular airports or railway stations, will be provided with reference to FIGS. 5-8.

In the double figures A, B of FIGS. 5-8, with the suffix -1, the time courses of fermentation up to the 14th day of the experiment and those with the suffix -2 are the respective ones following courses between the 14th and 46th day of the experiment with the sludges and biofilms from the components of the cable system summarized.

The concentrations of the gases and their courses over time are indicated for the O ₂ -drawing by O ₂ and the fermentation gases CO ₂ and CH ₄ by the CO ₂ and CH _4, respectively (see legend). The presentation of the significantly higher nitrogen concentrations (N ₂ ) in the figures was omitted for the sake of clarity, since they were constant in all approaches over the time in a range of 30 mmol. On the right side (B) of the double image, the course of the fermentation processes is shown with and on the left (A) without reacre ©. For each experimental condition, three parallel approaches were examined, as indicated by the different symbols in the line graphs. The different experimental conditions as well as the system interventions such as addition of nutrients, de-icing agent (EM), additional inoculation with reacre ©, irradiation etc. as well as their times / ranges are indicated in the respective counts. The application of the electromagnetic fields (1 mTesla) was carried out only for approach 1 from the 27th day of the experiment.

Except for the mud from the cable draw tube, the methane-forming capacity of the mud and biofilms from the components of the cable system is significantly lower than in the digested sludge, indicating a lower content of fermentable organic compounds.

The double images A, B of FIGS. 5-1 and 5-2 show the time profiles of the gas concentrations (O ₂ , CO ₂ and CH ₄ ) in gassing with the sludge from the shaft system of the cable system over a total period of 44 days. The illustrations on the right contain the results of the approaches, which were additionally inoculated with reacre © after 2, 8, 13 and 37 days.

O _{2 was} still detectable in the experimental batches over the entire experimental period; no methane was formed. From the 27th day of the experiment all experimental approaches 1 were exposed to an electromagnetic field with a field strength of 1 mTesla. The addition of de-icing agent (1%) as an additional growing medium carried on the 14th and on the 37th day of the experiment (Figure 12) and had a more Ü ₂ -Zehrung and a low CO ₂ formation result.

The double images A, B of FIGS. 6-1 and 6-2 show the time courses of the gas concentrations (O ₂ , CO ₂ and CH ₄ ) in gassing with the sludge / biofilm from the shaft wall of the cable system over a total period of 44 days. The illustrations on the right contain the results of the approaches, which were additionally inoculated with reacre © after 2, 8, 13 and 37 days.

The addition of deicing agent (1%) as an additional nutrient substrate took place on the 14th and on the 37th day of the experiment (FIG. 6-2). From the 27th day of the experiment all experimental approaches 1 were exposed to an electromagnetic field with a field strength of 1 mTesla, which led to an increase in the O ₂ level.

The double images A, B of FIGS. 7-1 and 7-2 show the time courses of the gas concentrations (O ₂ , CO ₂ and CH ₄ ) in fermentation with the sludge / biofilm from the cable tray of the cable system over a total of 44 days. The illustrations on the right contain the results of the approaches, which were additionally inoculated with reacre © after 2, 8, 13 and 37 days.

The addition of deicing agent (1%) as an additional nutrient substrate took place on the 14th and on the 37th day of the experiment (FIG. 7-2). From the 27th day of the experiment all experimental approaches 1 were exposed to an electromagnetic field with a field strength of 1 mTesla.

The double images A, B of FIGS. 8-1, 8-2 show the time profiles of the gas concentrations (O ₂ , CO ₂ and CH ₄ ) in gassing with the sludge from the area of the cable drawbar of the cable system over a total of 44 days. The illustrations on the right contain the results of the approaches, which were additionally inoculated with reacre © after 2, 8, 13 and 37 days. The addition of deicing (1%) as an additional nutrient substrate took place on the 14th and on the 37th day of the experiment (FIG. 8-2). From the 27th day of the experiment all experimental approaches 1 were exposed to an electromagnetic field with a field strength of 1 mTesla.

The sludge from the region of the cable pull tube stands out clearly and has a very high methane-forming capacity (FIG. 8-1). Already after 6 days a clear formation of CH _{4 was} found; after 21 days in the systems anaerobic conditions. O ₂ is no longer detectable and any further supply of de-icing agent leads to a significant increase in biogas concentrations (CO ₂ and CH ₄ ). On the 17th day of the experiment, nitrate was added to the test batches which were not added to reacre ©, which reduced the oxygen consumption even at stoichiometric concentrations (O ₂ was detectable in the system until the 30th day of the test).

Disclosed is a method for exciting an anerobic metabolic process of a fermentable organism-containing system, in particular a method for increasing the methane yield of a methane-generating system, wherein the system is a microbiotic mixture of photosynthetic microorganisms and light-emitting microorganisms is added.

Claims

claims A method of stimulating an anabolic metabolic process of a fermentable organism-comprising system, characterized by the step of adding to the system a microbiotic mixture of photosynthetic microorganisms and light-emitting microorganisms. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fermentable organics containing system is a methanogenic system and the method is used to increase the methane yield. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the photosynthetic microorganisms used are optionally phototrophic. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the photosynthetic microorganisms prochlorophytes, cyanobacteria, green sulfur bacteria, purple bacteria, chloroflexus-like forms, heliobacteria, heliobacillus-like bacteria or mixtures of two or more thereof. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising the step of exposing the system to a magnetic field. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the magnetic field has a field strength of at least 1 mTesla. A method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the microbiotic mixture comprises microorganisms containing magnetites adapted to impart the magnetic field to the system. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein further acetate and / or peptone and / or a deicing agent for a cable system of a Outside area, especially an airport or a train station are added to the system. 9. Apparatus for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 8.