WO2008036307A2 - Procédé de fabrication d'une bande fibreuse présentant une meilleure rétention d'additifs de résistance - Google Patents
Procédé de fabrication d'une bande fibreuse présentant une meilleure rétention d'additifs de résistance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008036307A2 WO2008036307A2 PCT/US2007/020285 US2007020285W WO2008036307A2 WO 2008036307 A2 WO2008036307 A2 WO 2008036307A2 US 2007020285 W US2007020285 W US 2007020285W WO 2008036307 A2 WO2008036307 A2 WO 2008036307A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polyvinyl alcohol
- pvoh
- alcohol resin
- particles
- agglomerated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/36—Polyalkenyalcohols; Polyalkenylethers; Polyalkenylesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/66—Salts, e.g. alums
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
- D21H21/20—Wet strength agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/50—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by form
- D21H21/52—Additives of definite length or shape
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to a method of enhancing the retention of strength resins which are added to the wet-end of papermaking processes.
- the method of the invention enhances the mechanical retention of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) resin in a fibrous web by agglomerating the polyvinyl alcohol particles and combining the agglomerated particles with the papermaking furnish.
- PVOH polyvinyl alcohol
- Strength additives are routinely added to fibrous webs in papermaking processes to increase the strength properties of the finished web. Some additives are combined with the paper in the wet-end portion of the process, where they are mixed with the fiber slurry, and subsequently integrated into the fibrous mat during web formation.
- Crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol has also been used as an additive in papermaking processes.
- United States Patent No. 5,147,908 to Floyd et al. is directed to a process where a cationically modified polyvinyl alcohol polymer is crosslinked with blocked glyoxal. The crosslinked polymer is then completely dissolved in water and added to pulp material in a papermaking process. According to Floyd et al. the cationic charge is necessary for the polymer to sufficiently retain on the cellulose fibers.
- the additive reportedly improves the tensile strength and elongation of the paper.
- United States Patent No. 3,597,313 to Lyman discloses a wet-end additive for paper products which includes a cyanamide modified polyvinyl alcohol polymer that is partially crosslinked with polyaldehyde. According to Lyman, the crosslinking process renders the polymers thermosetting when heated at temperatures of about 100 0 C. Here also, the crosslinked polymer is soluble in water.
- United States Patent No. 6,379,499 to Yang et al. discloses a paper additive for adding dry and wet strength to the paper.
- the additive includes a hydroxyl-containing polymer, a multifunctional aldehyde, and a catalyst.
- the catalyst is chosen to promote a reaction between the dialdehyde and the cellulosic fibers.
- references of more general interest include United States Patent No. 4,013,629 to Cummisford et al. and United States Patent No. 5,281 ,307 to Smigo et al.
- polyvinyl alcohol resin can be effectively added to paper as a strength agent by agglomerating the polyvinyl alcohol particles and combining the polyvinyl alcohol in the wet end of the papermaking process with the pulp slurry.
- the polyvinyl alcohol particles are retained in the web, by entrapping the larger agglomerates in the fiber matrix, i.e., the particles are retained primarily by mechanical means. Accordingly, the resin does not need to be ionically modified or solubilized by expensive and inconvenient procedures prior to wet-end addition.
- the method of the invention vastly improves retention of polyvinyl alcohol particles on the fiber mat which enables the use of finer grade polyvinyl alcohol resins that provide high strength to fibrous webs.
- the above advantages are accomplished using a convenient, cost effective method that is versatile enough to be tailored to a wide variety of papermaking processes.
- a method of making a fibrous web having enhanced retention of polyvinyl alcohol strength resin includes the steps of preparing an aqueous papermaking furnish which includes cellulosic fibers, depositing the furnish on a porous forming support to form a cellulosic mat thereon, and incorporating agglomerated polyvinyl alcohol particles in the cellulosic mat.
- the cellulosic mat may be dewatered to provide a fibrous web which includes the polyvinyl alcohol resin, where the web exhibits improved strength properties.
- the techniques used in the invention are simple, economical, and versatile.
- Fig. 1 is a graph showing the tensile strength and 80 mesh retention of fibrous webs prepared with polyvinyl alcohol particles of different sizes;
- Fig. 2 is a graph illustrating the tensile strength of fibrous webs prepared at a high shear rate with polyvinyl alcohol strength additives
- Fig. 3 is a graph illustrating the tensile strength and 80 mesh retention of fibrous webs prepared with agglomerated polyvinyl alcohol particles.
- Fig. 4 is a graph showing the tensile strength of fibrous webs prepared at a high shear rate with agglomerated polyvinyl alcohol strength additives.
- the present invention relates to a method for making paper products which includes a wet-end added strength resin. More specifically, the method of the invention improves the strength properties of a fibrous web by combining agglomerated polyvinyl alcohol particles with the paperrnaking furnish.
- agglomerated polyvinyl alcohol particle refers to a plurality of individual polyvinyl alcohol particles that are joined together in a cluster, grouping, floe, aggregate or the like.
- the agglomerated polyvinyl alcohol particles have improved retention in the web, and exhibit superior strength properties as compared to using individual, discreet polyvinyl alcohol particles.
- the strength resin in the fibrous web includes a polyvinyl alcohol polymer component.
- PVOH resin polyvinyl alcohol polymer
- PVOH resins are derived ftom homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl acetate, by saponification thereof which is well known in the art.
- PVOH resins employed in the present invention are predominately (more than 50 mole percent) based on vinyl acetate monomer which is polymerized and subsequently hydrolyzed to polyvinyl alcohol. Desirably, the resins are more than 75 mole percent vinyl acetate derived, more than 95 mole percent vinyl acetate derived, and more preferably are 99+ mole percent vinyl acetate derived. If used, comonomers may be present from about 0.1 to about 50 mole percent with vinyl acetate and may include anionic comonomers such as AMPS or salts thereof, or cationic sites such as amine functional groups.
- the polyvinyl alcohol resin is substantially free of ionic moieties ( ⁇ 0.2 mole percent), and is more preferably nonionic.
- suitable comonomers include glycol comonomers. versatate comonomers, maleic or lactic acid comonomers, itaconic acid comonomers, acrylic comonomers and so forth. Vinyl versatate including alkyl groups (veova) comonomers may likewise be useful. See Finch et al., Ed. Polyvinyl Alcohol Developments (Wiley 1992), pp. 84 and following.
- the comonomers may be grafted or co-polymerized with vinyl acetate as part of the backbone. Likewise, homopolymers may be blended with copolymers, if so desired.
- polyvinyl acetate in an alcohol solution can be converted to polyvinyl alcohol, i.e. -OCOCH 3 groups are replaced by -OH groups through "hydrolysis", also referred to as “alcoholysis”.
- the polyvinyl alcohol used in the invention may have a degree of hydrolysis in preferred ranges of from 95 to 100 percent, from 98 to 100 percent, or from 99 to 100 percent. Representative examples appear in Table 1 below.
- the degree of hydrolysis refers to the mole % of the resin's vinyl acetate monomer content that has been hydrolyzed.
- Exemplary polyvinyl alcohol resins available from Celanese, Inc. include the polymers 'shown below in Table 1 : Ta le 1: P l vin l Alcohol Resins
- S or SF grades are distinguished from standard grades in that they have a smaller particle size.
- the S grades have a particle size such that 99+% of the product will pass through a U. S. S. 80-mesh screen
- the SF grades have a particle size such that 99+ percent passes through a U.S. S. 120-mesh screen.
- the particle size of the polyvinyl alcohol resin powder may be adjusted by grinding techniques, as are known in the art.
- the PVOH powder used as a strength additive in the invention is finely ground. Finely ground PVOH grades are preferred in the invention because the small particles are believed to have a higher degree of swelling upon contact with water, and are more readily solubilized when the fibrous web is dried. Larger particles, on the other hand, may not hydrate as much in the presence of water and, thus, may not ever become soluble when the cellulosic mat is heated. Solubilizing the PVOH while heating the web allows the PVOH to bind the fibers together when the resin recrystallizes.
- the strength resin component has PVOH powder that has a particle size such that at least about 99 weight percent pass through a standard 80 mesh screen. More preferably, at least about 99 weight percent of the polymer passes through a standard 120 mesh screen.
- the PVOH resin is contacted with an agglomeration agent to form agglomerated PVOH particles prior to being incorporated in the fibrous web.
- an agglomeration agent to form agglomerated PVOH particles prior to being incorporated in the fibrous web.
- the location in the papermaking process where the PVOH and agglomerating agents are combined is not particularly limited.
- the agglomeration agent may be combined with dry PVOH, with PVOH in a feed tank, with a PVOH slurry in a mix tank, with a PVOH slurry in-line prior to being deposited with the fibers on a forming support, or a combination of the preceding approaches.
- the agglomeration agent may be conveniently combined in-line with a PVOH slurry as the slurry is transported to a forming support.
- the PVOH particles achieve suitable agglomeration in the feed conduit after addition of the agglomeration agent, and the agglomerated particles do not need to be subjected to the shear of feed pumps which sometimes can affect the agglomerate particle size.
- the PVOH resin is usually allowed to swell by hydrating the powder in water prior to the addition of the agglomeration agent.
- the degree of hydrolysis of the PVOH resin and temperature of the water is selected such that the polyvinyl alcohol particles swell, but do not completely dissolve.
- the polymer particles may be slurried in water in any amount, preferably about 1 to 20 weight percent.
- the PVOH particles are typically allowed to hydrate by agitating in water for at least about 30 minutes, and preferably for at least 45 minutes. Alternatively, in some embodiments the PVOH particles may be agglomerated prior to the swelling step.
- the agglomeration agent used is water operable, such that it is effective to agglomerate the PVOH in an aqueous medium.
- the agent agglomerates the individual polymer particles into plurality of larger flocculent-like particles.
- water-operable agglomeration agents may include borax, boric acid, melamine, oxalic acids, and combinations thereof.
- Borate compounds such as borax or boric acid are particularly preferred agglomeration agents of the invention.
- Borax compounds such as Na 2 B 4 O 7 -IOH 2 O or Na 2 B 4 O 7 -SH 2 O are suitable.
- the anhydrous form may also be used.
- Borate compounds are preferred for use in the invention, because they are operable to agglomerate PVOH in aqueous environments, and are effective even when very small quantities are used. Additionally, it is believed that in the presence of water, the borate compound is in equilibrium with the polyvinyl alcohol particles, and associates them together into floes, but does not form excessively strong interparticle bonding, i.e., the bonds joining the individual polyvinyl alcohol particles are not permanent when water is present.
- PVOH agglomerated with borax may dissociate or break-up somewhat under excessive shear, yet tend to reassociate when the high shear is removed. This may account somewhat for the success of the invention, because the weaker bonds allow flocculation, yet do not cause substantial gelling of the PVOH in the water.
- the agglomeration can be reversed by adding more PVOH to an already agglomerated slurry. Accordingly, the amount and size of the agglomerates can be controlled by adjusting the relative amounts of PVOH and borate agglomerating compound.
- the equilibrium system with borax may be illustrated conceptually by the following equations.
- the agglomerating compound may be combined with the PVOH in any form, but may be conveniently provided as aqueous solution where the solution is contacted with the PVOH prior to feeding into the papermaking furnish.
- the solution may contain agglomeration agent in amounts in suitable ranges of from 0.001 to 5 weight percent, from 0.005 to 2 weight percent, or from 0.005 to 0.05 weight percent.
- the concentration of the borate-containing solution and the rate of addition to the PVOH can be adjusted to control the particle size distribution of the agglomerated particles.
- the agglomeration of the individual PVOH particles increases the effective particle size of the PVOH component, thus enhancing the mechanical retention of the particles in the web, yet still exhibiting the strength advantages associated with smaller particle resins.
- the size of the agglomerates may be controlled by adjusting the relative amounts of agglomeration ⁇ agent and PVOH resin; generally, the agglomerates may have a particle size such that about 30 to 70 weight percent are retained on a standard 80 mesh screen, or from 30 to 50 weight percent, although other agglomerate sizes may be suitable depending on the specific papermaking process used.
- the agglomeration agent is chosen such that the amount of agent needed is minimized, because the presence of excessive agglomeration agent in the furnish can disrupt the papermaking process.
- the agglomeration component may be added in amounts of from 0.001 weight percent to about 2 percent of the weight of PVOH, and preferably from 0.01 to 0.1 percent of the weight of PVOH. Accordingly, only a very small amount of agglomerating agent is required to agglomerate the PVOH particles to provide substantially improved retention in the fibrous web.
- the invention is extremely cost effective. Indeed, for papermaking processes which already add PVOH as a strength xesin, the added cost is negligible.
- the particle size of the agglomerate may also affect the particle size of the agglomerate, such as, PVOH concentration, the mixing energy, mixing time, shear added to the agglomerate slurry, among other factors. These factors can also be adjusted to optimize the particle size distribution of the agglomerated additive, and thus, provides flexibility for different papermaking processes. Generally, the agglomerates should be made larger for webs with larger pores.
- the PVOH agglomerates are introduced into a papermaking process. Papermaking processes are diverse, and the type of paper or specific type of process is not limited.
- the agglomerated PVOH resin is generally combined with an aqueous furnish containing cellulosic fibers.
- the polymer agglomerates may be combined with the papermaking furnish at any stage in the wet-end of the process, for example, to the thin stock.
- the papermaking furnish is then deposited onto a porous forming support, such as a wire, cylinder, felt, or the like, where fibers are retained on the support to form a cellulosic sheet or mat. Water is typically removed from the cellulosic mat at this stage by gravity, or by applying a vacuum.
- the mat may then be transferred onto a felt and passed through one or more presses where it is further dewatered by mechanical means. Finally, the mat is sent to a drying section, where the cellulosic web is usually passed over a series of steel cans that are steam heated. The web may be heated until it has a moisture content of from about 0 to 15 percent.
- the heat supplied to the mat during the drying phase of the process helps to solubilize the PVOH resin in the early stages of drying. Additional drying solidifies or recrystallizes the polyvinyl alcohol resin, which acts as a spot weld at contact points between fibers adhering them together primarily through hydrogen bonding and, thus, imparting elevated strength properties to the web.
- the dryer section typically heats the web up to temperatures of from about 230 0 F to about 300 0 F.
- Processing aids such as release agents, may desirably be used in the papermaking process to prevent the adhesion of the PVOH particles to the dryer surface.
- the release agent may be applied to the mat surface at the wet press or sprayed onto the mat prior to entering the dryer section. Usually about 3 mg/sqft of release agent is added. Suitable release agents may be commercially available from Sequa Chemical or Buckman.
- the inventive method may be used in connection with the production of any type of fibrous web, for example, paperboard, cardboard, corrugated board, wallboard, gypsum facing paper, towel, among others. Additionally, the invention can be used in connection with single ply products or may be used to strengthen multi-ply paper products.
- the invention is particularly suitable for processes that have poor first pass fiber retention because, in these processes, wet-end strength resin additives also tend to pass through the web.
- the method may be used with process that have a first pass fiber retention of less than 75 %, or even less than 65 %.
- first pass fiber retention refers to the weight percent of fibers (dry basis) which retain on a porous forming support. This may be calculated as follows:
- the headbox consistency is the consistency of the furnish prior to contacting the forming support
- the white water consistency is the consistency of the fines slurry which passes through the forming support
- PVOH samples were prepared in the laboratory with different particle sizes. With the exception of the grade that is less than 120 mesh, the samples were produced with different particle sizes in the laboratory by sampling a portion of the polymer powder that remained on a screen of the reported size.
- Handsheets were prepared from a papermaking furnish with the PVOH additive, and the tensile strength until break was measured on the handsheets.
- the handsheets were prepared in an 8" x 8" steel forming box which has a screen on the bottom, and a draining mechanism. The papermaking furnish and additive are added to the box, mixed, and then allowed to drain through the screen. The cellulose mat forms on top of the screen, and is subsequently dried until it is substantially free of moisture.
- the handsheets in the following examples were prepared using Celvol 165 PVOH strength additive which is ground to various particle sizes.
- the PVOH additive is hydrated in water for about 45 minutes prior to combining with the paper slurry.
- the webs are produced with an equivalent of about 50 lbs of PVOH per ton of paper, on a dry basis.
- the tensile strength of a web with no strength additive was measured for comparison.
- the retention of each strength additive was also measured by passing the slurried PVOH resin through an 80 mesh screen, drying completely, and measuring the weight percent of the polymer that remains on the screen.
- Table 2 The results are outlined in Table 2, below, where the tensile strength values are the average of 8 samples.
- handsheets do not necessarily emulate commercial processes because handsheets are prepared using a fine screen and under formation conditions which tend to promote the mechanical entrapment of particles.
- handsheets were prepared as above with 50 Ib PVOH per ton of paper, except that the furnish was subjected to mixing shear at about 200 rpm while draining. This more closely imitates a papermaking process with low first pass retention.
- the handsheets were prepared with different sizes of Celvol 165 additive. The tensile strength of the resulting webs was measured, and is shown in Table 3, below.
- agglomerated polyvinyl alcohol particles were added to fibrous webs and tested for tensile strength properties and 80 mesh retention.
- Celvol 165SF ⁇ 120 mesh
- the amount of borax added to the PVOH was varied to provide agglomerates of different sizes.
- the agglomerated PVOH slurry was then combined with a papermaking furnish and handsheets were prepared without shear as in examples 1-5 above, where the amount of PVOH is added in amounts of about 50 lbs per ton of finished paper (dry).
- the tensile strength and retention data is outlined in Table 4, below.
- the data in Table 4 is shown graphically in Fig. 3.
- the 80 mesh retention increases as more agglomerating agent is added, indicating the presence of larger agglomerates.
- the tensile data peaks when about 0.019 wt. % of agent is used, and declines thereafter. This is perhaps because if the agglomerates are made larger, they also become fewer in number; thus, the strength additive may form fewer "spot welds" between the fibers.
- Optimal agglomerate size may vary from process to process, and in some papermaking processes it may be desired to add more or less agglomerating agent.
- agglomerated PVOH additives were further tested for strength properties by forming handsheets with moderate shear (mixing, 200 rpm) to emulate a process with low first-pass retention.
- the agglomerated PVOH additive and handsheet were prepared with applied shear as described above in examples 6-10, with a target amount of PVOH of about 50 lbs per ton of paper. The tensile strength results are shown in Table 5, below.
- Table 5 The results in Table 5 are shown graphically in Fig. 4.
- the data in Tables 4 and 5 illustrate that the small particle PVOH resins can be effectively retained in a fibrous web by forming agglomerates of the particles. Comparing Example 10 and Example 18 which have the same particle size, it can be seen that by using a small amount of agglomeration agent, the strength properties of the web are improved by about 30 %.
- agglomerates with various sizes may be produced depending on the needs of a particular papermaking process.
- small particle PVOH grade has an 80 mesh screen retention of less than 30 %.
- Fig.3 illustrates that the invention enables the use of a wide range of agglomerate particle sizes; for example, the addition of only a small amount of borax produces agglomerates that are sized such that they exhibit an 80 mesh screen retention of more than 80 %.
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Abstract
L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication de bandes fibreuses à résistance améliorée, par addition de résine de polyvinylalcool agglomérée dans la partie humide d'un procédé de fabrication de papier. La résine de polyvinylalcool agglomérée est retenue directement dans le papier lors de la formation de la bande, ce qui confère des propriétés de résistance améliorées au papier ainsi fabriqué.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US84557406P | 2006-09-19 | 2006-09-19 | |
| US60/845,574 | 2006-09-19 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008036307A2 true WO2008036307A2 (fr) | 2008-03-27 |
| WO2008036307A3 WO2008036307A3 (fr) | 2010-03-04 |
Family
ID=38920548
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2007/020285 Ceased WO2008036307A2 (fr) | 2006-09-19 | 2007-09-19 | Procédé de fabrication d'une bande fibreuse présentant une meilleure rétention d'additifs de résistance |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2008036307A2 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8496784B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 | 2013-07-30 | P.H. Glatfelter Company | Process for making a stiffened paper |
| US9133583B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 | 2015-09-15 | P.H. Glatfelter Company | Process for making a stiffened paper |
| CN109071704A (zh) * | 2016-03-08 | 2018-12-21 | 株式会社可乐丽 | 聚乙烯醇组合物、制造颗粒状附聚的聚乙烯醇颗粒的聚乙烯醇组合物的方法及其用途 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2402469A (en) * | 1941-06-28 | 1946-06-18 | Toland | Methods of making fibrous materials |
| US4865691A (en) * | 1987-11-05 | 1989-09-12 | Colloids, Inc. | Process for internally strengthening paper and board products and products resulting therefrom |
| US5328567A (en) * | 1992-02-10 | 1994-07-12 | Custom Papers Group Inc. | Process for making a paper based product containing a binder |
| US20060037724A1 (en) * | 2004-08-20 | 2006-02-23 | Kao Corporation | Bulky water-disintegratable cleaning article and process of producing water-disintergratable paper |
-
2007
- 2007-09-19 WO PCT/US2007/020285 patent/WO2008036307A2/fr not_active Ceased
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8496784B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 | 2013-07-30 | P.H. Glatfelter Company | Process for making a stiffened paper |
| US9133583B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 | 2015-09-15 | P.H. Glatfelter Company | Process for making a stiffened paper |
| CN109071704A (zh) * | 2016-03-08 | 2018-12-21 | 株式会社可乐丽 | 聚乙烯醇组合物、制造颗粒状附聚的聚乙烯醇颗粒的聚乙烯醇组合物的方法及其用途 |
| EP3533831A1 (fr) * | 2016-03-08 | 2019-09-04 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Composition d'alcool polyvinylique et ses utilisations |
| US10626203B2 (en) | 2016-03-08 | 2020-04-21 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Particulate polyvinyl alcohol, process for making and uses of the same |
| CN109071704B (zh) * | 2016-03-08 | 2021-06-01 | 株式会社可乐丽 | 聚乙烯醇组合物、制造颗粒状附聚的聚乙烯醇颗粒的聚乙烯醇组合物的方法及其用途 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2008036307A3 (fr) | 2010-03-04 |
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