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WO2008034188A1 - Procédé amélioré de production d'une matière de charge pour un processus de lixiviation - Google Patents

Procédé amélioré de production d'une matière de charge pour un processus de lixiviation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008034188A1
WO2008034188A1 PCT/AU2007/001397 AU2007001397W WO2008034188A1 WO 2008034188 A1 WO2008034188 A1 WO 2008034188A1 AU 2007001397 W AU2007001397 W AU 2007001397W WO 2008034188 A1 WO2008034188 A1 WO 2008034188A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
acid
pellets
particles
additives
ore
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AU2007/001397
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Andrew Langham Gillies
Patrick Anthony Treasure
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
METALLICA MINERALS Ltd
Original Assignee
METALLICA MINERALS Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2006905223A external-priority patent/AU2006905223A0/en
Application filed by METALLICA MINERALS Ltd filed Critical METALLICA MINERALS Ltd
Priority to AU2007299589A priority Critical patent/AU2007299589A1/en
Publication of WO2008034188A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008034188A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/005—Preliminary treatment of ores, e.g. by roasting or by the Krupp-Renn process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
    • C22B1/244—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
    • C22B23/0407—Leaching processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process and plant for producing a feed material for a leaching process, and, in particular, a nickel leaching process.
  • Heap leaching is becoming an important process in recovery of metals from ores and concentrates. Heap leaching typically involves forming piles or heaps of the ore or concentrate, passing a leaching solution over the piles or heaps and recovering the solution that now contains dissolved metals. The solutions can then be treated to recover the dissolved metals therefrom. Heap leaching processes normally involve leaching the ores or concentrates for extended periods, such as from 6 months to 2 years. Heap leaching has allowed for metal recovery from low grade ores that would otherwise be uneconomic to treat.
  • Heap leaching involves the percolation of the leaching solution through the piles or heaps of ore or concentrate.
  • the leach solution must be able to access the ore or concentrate and also be able to percolate through the piles or heaps in order to access the metal values in the ore or concentrate and thereby dissolve the metal values.
  • the ores or concentrates may be formed into agglomerates or pellets to enable the piles or heaps to have sufficient bulk porosity.
  • United States patent number 6,312,500, assigned to BHP Minerals International Inc., issued on 6 November 2001 describes a process for heap leaching of nickel- containing ores, particularly nickel-containing ores having a tangible clay content.
  • the ore is size reduced to below one inch (25 mm).
  • the particles are then formed into pellets by mixing them with a concentrated acid (preferably sulphuric acid) and agglomerating them in, for example, a rotary disk, drum or other suitable apparatus.
  • a concentrated acid preferably sulphuric acid
  • the amount of acid added is generally that amount required to immediately neutralize the ore. In other words, the amount of acid is generally the amount required to neutralize the readily available acid consuming minerals, particularly iron and magnesium.
  • the agglomerated pellets may then be cured for a suitable period of time ranging from as little as one hour to several days.
  • the pellets are then formed into a heap and leached with an acidic solution.
  • Dimaki Dimitra filed on 31 May 1991, describes a method for heap leaching of nickel- containing ores using dilute sulphuric acid as a leach solution. In one embodiment, this patent describes wetting the ore with water or the leaching solution before the deposition of the ore into the heap.
  • the present invention provides a method for producing a feed material for a leaching process comprising: (a) mixing ore or concentrate particles with water and optionally other additives, said particles including relatively fine particles and relatively coarse particles;
  • the method produces a feed material for a nickel leaching process, and, in particular, a nickel laterite leaching process.
  • the relatively coarse particles act as "seed" particles in the pelletising step and that the relatively fine particles tend to coat the relatively coarse particles to form the pellets.
  • the concentration of metal to be recovered is significantly higher in the relatively fine particles than in the relatively coarse particles.
  • the pellets may be described as generally having a seed or core of low metal content surrounded by an outer layer of particles having a relatively higher metal content. This means, of course, that the leaching solution can readily access the region of relatively higher metal concentration in the outer part of the pellets.
  • the process of preparation of a run of mine ore for leaching under this methodology may require crushing and screening of the ore to a maximum size between 25 and 40 mm.
  • the relatively coarse particles may have particle sizes in the range of 25 mm +/-10 mm.
  • the relatively fine particles may constitute all particles below the size range of the coarse particles.
  • the relatively fine particles may include extremely fine particles( ⁇ 50 microns), such particles containing clays and iron minerals.
  • the relatively coarse particles may be added to the relatively fine particles.
  • the ore forms the relatively coarse particles and the relatively fine particles during grinding.
  • the mode of addition and type of seed or matrix material is unique to the specific ore type being processed.
  • the seed addition in terms of its mass proportion to the feed rate and particle size is defined by empirical testing for each ore type.
  • an acid is added to the mixture in step (a).
  • an acid may be later mixed with the pellets.
  • the acid may be a mineral acid, such as sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
  • the acid may be a dilute acid.
  • the acid initiates the release of the nickel from the clay matrix, a process which is continued by longer term acidic solution irrigation of the ore once stacked on the heap.
  • the mixing step during agglomeration is the only opportunity to intimately mix acid with the ore, as during the heap irrigation the contacting of ore and acid relies on slow diffusion of fluid in and out of the pellets or agglomerates.
  • the optional additives may include one or more additives that act to improve the strength and stability of the pellets or to increase the permeability of the pellet to the leach solution subsequently applied.
  • the additives may be selected from inorganic materials, such as quartz, sand, gravel or fly ash, or organic materials such as surfactants, straw, cane mulch, other fibrous material, bagasse or molasses, or vegetation, such as cleared local vegetation (e.g. twigs, leaves, thin branches, bark) that has been chipped, shredded or pulped to form matted fibrous material.
  • curing of the pellets is carried out by air drying the pellets for a given period of time.
  • the pellets may be subjected to an acid leaching process such as vat heap leaching and vat leaching.
  • the water and (in some embodiments) acid addition varies with ore type.
  • the moisture content required for successful pellet or agglomerate formation is typically 25 - 30% by weight, however the water addition required depends on the inherent moisture of the ore which is variable (for example, from 5 - 15% by weight for dry Australian laterite ores).
  • Some tropical laterite ores have moisture contents that fall within the range of from 30 to 45% and these ores may also be pelletised or agglomerated in accordance with the present invention.
  • the moisture variability will depend on the season, the mining depth, the water table level in the deposit and the specific mineral (clays) assemblage being mined.
  • the acid addition must be carefully monitored as an excess causes a loss of pellet/ agglomerate strength. Generally a maximum of around 25% of the total acid consuming capability of the ore is added in the preparation stage. Higher additions can cause structural failure of the pellet.
  • Acid may be added to the particles to exploit the opportunity of intimately mixing the acid with the particles to optimize the contact of the two phases for the purpose of leaching the nickel and cobalt. This contacting becomes progressively more difficult once the ore is stacked on the heap and is being irrigated. Irrigation is an imperfect method of solid-liquid contacting, and hence the rate of leaching slows once the initial acid addition achieved during preparation of the pellets/agglomerates is consumed.
  • the present invention provides a method for producing a feed material for a leaching process comprising:
  • the amounts of added acid and water appropriate to the specific ore being processed may be determined by empirical trials of pellet/agglomerate stability under a range of additions of each phase.
  • the present invention provides a method for producing a feed material for a leaching process comprising:
  • Acid may also be added in step (a).
  • This acid may be a dilute acid such as sulphuric acid
  • the one or more organic materials may include straw, sugar cane bagasse, cane mulch, other fibrous material, or molasses.
  • the additives are sticky substances and/or fibrous material. Such additives assist with physical binding of the pellets or agglomerates.
  • the additives are desirably of relatively low cost and of local source.
  • Figure 1 shows a flow sheet of a process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a flow sheet of a process used for recovering nickel and cobalt from an ore or concentrate containing nickel and cobalt.
  • a run of mine ore which may comprise a lateritic ore containing nickel and cobalt, is delivered by trucks 10 and blended at 12.
  • the blended ore is reclaimed to a hinged grizzly 14 over a feed bin from where it is delivered to a sizer 16.
  • the sizer may, for example, be set at a 35 mm gap.
  • the sizer may be a Stamler sizer that is provided with self-cleaning engaging tools, and two sizers may be employed in sequence to obtain a final maximum particle size around 20 to 25 mm.
  • the sizer discharge is transferred via conveyor 18 to either a stacker conveyor 20 to build a crushed ore stockpile 22 for use during periods of pelletising shutdown or to a pug mill 24 that discharges directly into a pelletising drum 26.
  • Water 28 is added to the pug mill feed to achieve a selected or optimum moisture level.
  • the moisture level in the pug mill may be approximately 20 - 25% by weight.
  • the pug mill functions to ensure that adequate moisture is well dispersed throughout the ore prior to passing to the pelletising step.
  • Diluted acid may also be added to the pellets 26.
  • acid additions of between 15% and 25% of the total acid required to achieve target nickel extraction may suitably be added to the pelletiser. This has been found to increase the leach kinetics - the rate at which nickel is extracted provided that the water and acid solution is between
  • the concentration of the dilute acid addition is linked to the water requirement to achieve target moisture.
  • the acid is suitably premixed with the water for safety reasons so its concentration will change, depending upon the ore type.
  • control systems may be used with sensors to monitor moisture and mass addition.
  • Additives may be used to optimise the strength and permeability of the pellets.
  • the additives may be neutral or chemically active materials.
  • fibrous or solid material may add strength and create internal solution pathways inside the pellet to enhance solid liquid contacting.
  • Liquid additives may increase the ionic conductivity of the moistened ore. If or where required, the mass addition of the additives will typically be in the order of 1-5%. In the case of fibrous additives, the additives may be added in amounts of 1-3% per tonne ore. This represents a significant volume ratio as the fibre mass is low relative to the ore.
  • the effect of addition of fibrous additives is to provide binding strength analogous to glassfibre in epoxy for fiberglass products, and to provide solution pathways for the diffusion of acid into and nickel out of the particles during the irrigation process on the heap.
  • pellets can be formed in a specialised pelletising device that builds a rounded pellet on a moving surface (e.g. a rotating drum or a revolving disk) as dispersed particulate matter comes into contact with other particles and adheres, then gains strength by compaction.
  • pellets may be formed by the extrusion of the pugged ore, and the formation of pellets by cutting the extrusion to required length and/or section. Pellet shape, size and strength are key factors in successful leaching, affecting achievable heap height, stacking performance, life of heap over leach cycle and stability of heap.
  • the shape can influence the surface area available for contacting the pellet with acidic solution introduced into the void space by irrigation or flooding, the length of the internal diffusion path in the pellet for these acidic solutions (this applies to the transfer into the particle of the acid, and the transfer out of the particle of metal salts that are collected for subsequent refining to saleable products), and the general permeability of the aggregate of pellets to bulk solution flow.
  • the desired size range of the pellets is 40 mm ranging down to 4 mm. This provides:
  • pellets or agglomerates that are intrinsically strong - at larger sizes (>40 mm) the pellets/agglomerates lose strength under compressive load
  • the pellets from pelletiser 26 may then be transported by a series of conveyors 28 to a stacking conveyor 30 on a leach pad.
  • the stack conveyor 30 is used to form stacks or heaps of the pellets. Some of the heaps are shown at 32, 34 and 36.
  • pellets are stacked either on an impermeable membrane (such as HDPE or PVC sheet) for the purpose of heap leaching or in a vat (in lined excavations or manufactured containment) for the purpose of vat leaching.
  • an impermeable membrane such as HDPE or PVC sheet
  • vat in lined excavations or manufactured containment
  • the pellets may also be used in other leaching processes.
  • the process of the present invention allows for the formation of pellets of good strength, which maximises the geotechnical stability of a heap for heap leaching in terms of compaction due to vertical load and side slip failure and also maximises the ability of the pellets to remain physically stable when flooded in terms of compaction due to vertical load during vat leaching.
  • the flow sheet shown in Figure 1 utilises diluted sulphuric acid as a leachant and additive in preparation of the pellets/agglomerates.
  • the sulphuric acid is delivered by delivery trucks 38 and stored in concentrated sulphuric acid tank 40.
  • the sulphuric storage tank 40 has appropriate pumps and lines to transfer the acid to where it is required in the flow sheet. For example, line 42 transfers sulphuric acid to pelletiser 26.
  • the flow sheet shown in Figure 1 utilises heap leaching to form the pregnant leach solution.
  • other leaching processes may be used in the process of the present invention.
  • the leaching process shown as part of the flow sheet of Figure 1 may be replaced by vat leaching.
  • diluted sulphuric acid has been described as the leachant used in the embodiment shown in
  • leaching agents diluted or in concentrated form
  • other leaching agents include hydrochloric acid and ammonium sulphate.
  • the pellet heaps 32, 34, 36 are leached with diluted sulphuric acid, typically having a concentration of 20 grams to 80 grams per litre, using a counter-current technique, where ore older than about 30 pad days is irrigated with fresh sulphuric acid solution provided via line 44 and return solution pond 46.
  • the newer ore heaps are irrigated with a proportion of the intermediate leach solution drained down from old ore panels.
  • the intermediate leach solution is recovered in pond 48 and a proportion of the intermediate solution is returned via line 50 to irrigate the new heap 32.
  • the pregnant leach solution from the heap leaching is recovered in pond 51.
  • the pregnant leach solution typically contains dissolved nickel and cobalt, as well as dissolved iron and magnesium, and small amounts of dissolved aluminium, chromium, and manganese.
  • Every ore type is subjected to a series of tests involving bench scale formation of pellets or agglomerates over a range of moisture additions and mass of acid additions per tonne ore This is followed by measurement of the slump (shrinkage) with respect to change in the height of the pellets or agglomerates in a column under irrigation, and then evaluation of the pellet or agglomerate column slump/shrinkage when fully flooded ie pellets or agglomerates submerged in acid solution for a period of several days. Any shrinkage of the stack of pellets or agglomerates in the column container that exceeds 10% of the total height within 7 days is generally deemed to be unacceptable.
  • Selected pellets or agglomerates are also evaluated by load permeability testing, in which an artificial load is applied to a column of pellets or agglomerates to simulate the bearing loads experienced in a full scale heap. After each successive application of the load the permeability of the column of pellets or agglomerates to applied irrigation solution is assessed

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'une matière de charge pour un processus de lixiviation. Ce procédé consiste à mélanger des particules de minerai ou de concentré avec de l'eau et éventuellement d'autres additifs, lesdites particules contenant des particules fines et des particules grossières pour favoriser une formation efficace de boulettes ou d'agglomérés. Le procédé selon l'invention consiste ensuite à transformer le mélange en boulettes et à faire durcir ces boulettes.
PCT/AU2007/001397 2006-09-21 2007-09-21 Procédé amélioré de production d'une matière de charge pour un processus de lixiviation Ceased WO2008034188A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2007299589A AU2007299589A1 (en) 2006-09-21 2007-09-21 Improved process for producing feed material for a leaching process

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2006905223A AU2006905223A0 (en) 2006-09-21 Improved Process for Producing Feed Material for a Leaching Process
AU2006905223 2006-09-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008034188A1 true WO2008034188A1 (fr) 2008-03-27

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PCT/AU2007/001397 Ceased WO2008034188A1 (fr) 2006-09-21 2007-09-21 Procédé amélioré de production d'une matière de charge pour un processus de lixiviation

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AU (1) AU2007299589A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008034188A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010085857A1 (fr) * 2009-02-02 2010-08-05 Bhp Billiton Ssm Development Pty Ltd Procédé d'agglomération

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5100631A (en) * 1988-12-16 1992-03-31 Nalco Chemical Company Heap leaching ores containing gold and silver
US5116417A (en) * 1989-03-13 1992-05-26 Chemical Lime Company Composition and method for agglomerating ore
US5472675A (en) * 1994-09-06 1995-12-05 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Polyvinyl alcohol agglomeration agents for mineral bearings ores
US5833937A (en) * 1997-10-17 1998-11-10 Nalco Chemical Company Polymeric combinations used as copper and precious metal heap leaching agglomeration aids
WO2006099659A1 (fr) * 2005-03-21 2006-09-28 Bioheap Limited Lixiviation en tas de minerais de sulfure
AU2006236085A1 (en) * 2005-11-28 2007-06-14 Vale S.A. Process for extraction of nickel, cobalt, and other base metals from laterite ores by using heap leaching and product containing nickel, cobalt, and other metals from laterite ores

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5100631A (en) * 1988-12-16 1992-03-31 Nalco Chemical Company Heap leaching ores containing gold and silver
US5116417A (en) * 1989-03-13 1992-05-26 Chemical Lime Company Composition and method for agglomerating ore
US5472675A (en) * 1994-09-06 1995-12-05 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Polyvinyl alcohol agglomeration agents for mineral bearings ores
US5833937A (en) * 1997-10-17 1998-11-10 Nalco Chemical Company Polymeric combinations used as copper and precious metal heap leaching agglomeration aids
WO2006099659A1 (fr) * 2005-03-21 2006-09-28 Bioheap Limited Lixiviation en tas de minerais de sulfure
AU2006236085A1 (en) * 2005-11-28 2007-06-14 Vale S.A. Process for extraction of nickel, cobalt, and other base metals from laterite ores by using heap leaching and product containing nickel, cobalt, and other metals from laterite ores

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010085857A1 (fr) * 2009-02-02 2010-08-05 Bhp Billiton Ssm Development Pty Ltd Procédé d'agglomération
AU2010207893B2 (en) * 2009-02-02 2015-12-03 Cerro Matoso Sa Method of agglomeration

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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