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WO2008030430A2 - Antenne de source sonore à rayonnement longitudinal - Google Patents

Antenne de source sonore à rayonnement longitudinal Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008030430A2
WO2008030430A2 PCT/US2007/019301 US2007019301W WO2008030430A2 WO 2008030430 A2 WO2008030430 A2 WO 2008030430A2 US 2007019301 W US2007019301 W US 2007019301W WO 2008030430 A2 WO2008030430 A2 WO 2008030430A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
acoustic
waveguide
source array
end fire
transducers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2007/019301
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008030430A3 (fr
Inventor
G. Douglas Meegan, Jr.
Jeffry C. Windsor
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Texas System
University of Texas at Austin
Original Assignee
University of Texas System
University of Texas at Austin
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of Texas System, University of Texas at Austin filed Critical University of Texas System
Publication of WO2008030430A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008030430A2/fr
Publication of WO2008030430A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008030430A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • G10K11/24—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound for conducting sound through solid bodies, e.g. wires

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to acoustic arrays. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to an end-fire sound source array.
  • an aspect of the present invention is to provide an end-fire sound source array.
  • the end-fire sound source array is capable of producing extremely loud sound at or near a resonant frequency in air or other gases at a very low cost and in an efficient manner.
  • an end-fire acoustic source array for generating and emitting acoustic waves in air or gas.
  • the end fire acoustic source array comprises at least one substantially tubular acoustic waveguide, the at least one acoustic waveguide comprising a waveguide axis along which acoustic waves are transmitted, the at least one acoustic waveguide further comprising an opening at one end through which acoustic waves are emitted.
  • the end fire acoustic source array further comprises a plurality of acoustic transducers positioned along and adjacent to each of the at least one acoustic waveguide, wherein each of the acoustic transducers are disposed to emit acoustic waves into the at least one acoustic waveguide through an opening in a wall of the at least one acoustic waveguide, wherein each of the openings in a wall of the at least one acoustic waveguide are substantially spaced apart one- half or an integer number of wavelengths from each other in a linear direction relative to the waveguide axis, the wavelength corresponding to a resonant frequency within the at least one acoustic waveguide.
  • the acoustic transducers comprise at least one of compression drivers, loudspeakers and piezoceramic sound sources.
  • each of the openings in the wall of the at least one acoustic waveguide comprise a drilled and tapped hole.
  • each of the compression drivers comprise a screw-on type mount for mounting the compression drivers to respective drilled and tapped holes in the at least one acoustic waveguide.
  • each transducer emits acoustic waves of a common frequency.
  • the common frequency may substantially be the same as the resonant frequency.
  • each of the acoustic transducers are arranged to emit acoustic waves into the acoustic waveguide substantially in phase with one another. Further, the acoustic transducers may be directly wired.
  • the openings in the wall of the acoustic waveguide are substantially spaced one- half wavelength apart, each of the acoustic transducers are arranged to emit acoustic waves into the acoustic waveguide with a phase that is substantially opposite to the phase emitted by any adjacent acoustic transducer. Further, the acoustic transducers may be directly wired. [0013] In accordance with still further aspects of this particular exemplary embodiment, the end fire acoustic source array is used for the acoustic agglomeration of exhaust particulates.
  • the end fire acoustic source array is used for the treatment of industrial exhaust streams.
  • the end fire acoustic source array is used as a non-lethal weapon or deterrent.
  • the at least one substantially tubular acoustic waveguide is constructed from a substantially rigid material.
  • the end fire acoustic source array comprises a plurality of acoustic waveguides.
  • the plurality of acoustic waveguides may be formed from a single structure or individual structures that are coupled together. Still further, the openings at the ends of each of plurality of acoustic waveguides may be adjacent to one another.
  • a method of generating and emitting acoustic waves in air or gas using at least one substantially tubular acoustic waveguide the at least one acoustic waveguide comprising a waveguide axis along which acoustic waves are transmitted, the at least one acoustic waveguide further comprising an opening at one end through which acoustic waves are emitted, a plurality of acoustic transducers positioned along and adjacent to each of the at least one acoustic waveguide, wherein each of the acoustic transducers are disposed to emit acoustic waves into the at least one acoustic waveguide through an opening in a wall of the at least one acoustic waveguide.
  • the method comprises disposing each of the openings in the wall of the at least one acoustic waveguide such that respective acoustic transducers are positioned to emit acoustic waves into the at least one acoustic waveguide at locations that are spaced apart one- half or an integer number of wavelengths from each other in a linear direction relative to the waveguide axis.
  • the method further comprises phasing the acoustic transducers of the at least one acoustic waveguide, wherein when the openings in the wall of the acoustic waveguide are substantially spaced an integer number of wavelengths apart, each of the acoustic transducers are arranged to emit acoustic waves into the acoustic waveguide substantially in phase with one another, wherein when the openings in the wall of the acoustic waveguide are substantially spaced an integer number of wavelengths apart, each of the acoustic transducers are arranged to emit acoustic waves into the acoustic waveguide substantially in phase with one another, further wherein when the openings in the wall of the acoustic waveguide are substantially spaced one-half wavelength apart, each of the acoustic transducers are arranged to emit acoustic waves into the acoustic waveguide with a phase that is substantially opposite to the phase emitted by any adjacent acoustic transducer.
  • each transducer emits acoustic waves of a common frequency.
  • the acoustic transducers are directly wired.
  • the end fire acoustic source array comprises a plurality of acoustic waveguides.
  • FIG. 1A there is shown an end-fire sound source array in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. IB there is shown a phasing of the acoustic transducers of the end-fire sound source array of Figure IA in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG 2 there is shown a laboratory mock-up of an end-fire sound source array in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG 3A there is shown another end-fire sound source array in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3B there is shown the alternating phasing of the acoustic transducers of the end-fire sound source array of Figure 3 A in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4A there is shown a side view of a multi-waveguide end- fire sound source array in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 4B there is shown a top view of the multi-waveguide end- fire sound source array of Figure 4A.
  • FIG. 4C there is shown a bottom view of the multi-waveguide end-fire sound source array of Figure 4A.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown a graph of the pressure sensitivity measured on the end-fire sound source array laboratory mock-up of Figure 2 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. IA there is shown an end-fire sound source array 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 2 shows a laboratory mock-up of an end-fire sound source array 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the end-fire sound source array 10 is capable of producing extremely loud sound at or near a resonant frequency in air or other gases.
  • the end-fire array provides a compact arrangement for combining numerous sound sources into a single acoustic emitter. This compact arrangement is particularly beneficial in industrial applications where space is limited and it is important to minimize the total number of distinct sound sources.
  • the end-fire arrangement avoids the need for complicated, bulky equal-length manifolds as are conventionally used to join the output of multiple sound sources.
  • the end-fire arrangement operates very efficiently at its resonance frequency.
  • the end-fire sound source array is illustrated with eight acoustic transducers 20a-20h that are spaced one wavelength ⁇ apart and ported to a common air space 30 that acts in a resonant mode. While the use of eight acoustic transducers 20a-20h is preferred, any number of acoustic transducers greater than one may be implemented. Furthermore, while the use of compression drivers are preferred for acoustic transducers 20a-20h, loudspeakers, piezoceramic sound sources, or any other sound generating mechanism may be used. Moreover, while a spacing of one wavelength ⁇ is shown between acoustic transducers 20a-20h, the spacing between acoustic transducers 20a- 2Oh may be any integer number of wavelengths.
  • the resonant mode produces sound more efficiently than the individual acoustic transducers would achieve if they were not combined as described above.
  • the sound produced at a resonant frequency is greater than eight times louder than a single driver.
  • the efficiency of the eight driver end-fire sound source array 10 of Figures 1 and 2 at the resonant frequency of 2380 Hz exceeds that of eight individual drivers.
  • a common air space 30 is located within and at least partially defined by acoustic waveguide 40.
  • acoustic waveguide 40 is tubular and is formed from a substantially rigid material, such as steel, aluminum or titanium.
  • acoustic waveguide 40 comprises a waveguide axis X along which acoustic waves are transmitted.
  • Acoustic waveguide 40 further comprises opening 60 through which the acoustic waves are emitted from the end-fire sound source array 10.
  • Each of the acoustic transducers 20a-20h emits sound along axes Ya-Yh through respective openings 50a-50h in acoustic waveguide 40.
  • axes Ya-Yh be substantially perpendicular to waveguide axis X
  • axes Ya-Yh may intersect waveguide axis X at any angle so long as each of the axes Ya-Yh are linearly spaced an integer number (1, 2, 3, 4%) of wavelengths ⁇ apart, relative to waveguide axis X, at their intersect point with acoustic waveguide 40.
  • each of the openings 50a-50h may be positioned at any location around waveguide axis X so long as each of the openings 50a-50h are linearly spaced an integer number of wavelengths ⁇ apart relative to waveguide axis X.
  • the end of acoustic waveguide 40 that is opposite to sound opening 60 may be proximate to acoustic transducers 20a, as shown in Figure 2, or may be positioned away from acoustic transducers 20a, as shown in Figure IA.
  • the distance between acoustic transducers 20a and the end of acoustic waveguide 40 that is opposite to sound opening 60 be a multiple of one-half the wavelength.
  • each of the acoustic transducers 20a-20h are preferably phased substantially the same.
  • the spacing of an integer number of wavelengths ⁇ between identically phased acoustic transducers allows the sound input from the acoustic transducers 20a-20h into the common air space 30 to be constructively combined.
  • the phasing for all of the transducers are preferably the same. This may be achieved by using the same polarity for the electrical connections on each of the drivers. That is, all of the acoustic transducers 20a-20h may be connected in a similar manner (i.e., with a positive (+) driving lead connecting to a positive (+) driver terminal, and a negative (-) driving lead connecting to a negative (-) driver terminal).
  • This phasing arrangement is simple and cost effective in that it does not require any phasing circuitry in addition to the direct wiring of the drivers.
  • FIG. 3A there is shown another end-fire sound source array in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the end-fire sound source array 10 of Figure 3 A eight acoustic transducers are spaced one-half wavelength ⁇ /2 apart in order to provide an even more compact design.
  • alternating acoustic transducers 20a-20h and respective openings 50a-50h lie in one of two lines that are parallel to waveguide axis X along the surface of acoustic waveguide 40.
  • each of the openings 50a-50h may be positioned at any location around waveguide axis X so long as each of the openings 5Oa-50h are linearly spaced one wavelength ⁇ /2 apart relative to axis X.
  • acoustic waveguide 40 that is opposite to sound opening 60 may be proximate to acoustic transducers 20a, as shown in Figure 2, or may be positioned away from acoustic transducers 20a, as shown in Figure 3 A.
  • the distance between acoustic transducers 20a and the end of acoustic waveguide 40 that is opposite to sound opening 60 be a multiple of one-half or one-quarter the wavelength.
  • each of the acoustic transducers 20a-20h are preferably arranged such that the phases of adjacent acoustic transducers 20a-20h are substantially opposite to one another.
  • the spacing of one-half wavelength ⁇ /2 between alternately phased acoustic transducers allows the sound input from the acoustic transducers 20a-20h into the common air space 30 to be constructively combined.
  • the phasing may be alternated by reversing the polarity of the electrical connections on every other driver. That is, one transducer may be connected normally and the adjacent transducer may be connected in an opposite manner (i.e., with a positive (+) driving lead connecting to a negative (-) driver terminal, and vice versa).
  • This phasing arrangement is simple and cost effective in that it does not require any phasing circuitry in addition to the direct wiring of the drivers.
  • FIGS. 4A-4C there is shown various views of multi-waveguide end-fire sound source array 80 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • four end-fire sound source arrays such as the end-fire sound source array discussed above with respect to Figures IA or 3 A, are used in conjunction with one another to achieve greater sound output.
  • the use of four end-fire sound source arrays is merely exemplary as any number of end-fire sound source arrays may be used together to achieve a desired sound level.
  • Each of the end-fire sound source arrays comprise respective waveguides 40 1 -4O 4 , respective sound openings 60 1 - 6O 4 , and respective sets of acoustic transducers 20a]-20hi, 20a 2 -20h 2 , 20a 3 -20h 3 , and 2Oa 4 - 2Oh 4 . Since each of the end-fire sound source arrays that make up the multi-waveguide end- fire sound source array 80 may be constructed according to the embodiments discussed above with respect to Figures IA and 3 A, a description thereof will be omitted.
  • the acoustic waveguides 40]-40 4 are arranged to be adjacent to one another along their entire length. However, in other embodiments, the acoustic waveguides 40 1 -4O 4 may be adjacent to one another for less that their entire length.
  • the acoustic waveguides 4Oi -4O 4 may be formed from a single body or may be constructed of separate waveguides that are coupled together.
  • the multi-waveguide end-fire sound source array 80 further comprises a mounting plate 70 that is located at the end of the acoustic waveguides 40i-40 4 comprising the sound openings 60i-60 4 .
  • the mounting plate 70 is substantially perpendicular to the acoustic waveguides 40]-40 4 .
  • the mounting plate facilitates mounting of the end-fire sound source array to another structure into which the sound from sound openings 6Oi -6O 4 is emitted.
  • the mounting plate 70 may be omitted or may take on another form to facilitate being mounted to a particular structure. Further, mounting plate 70 may be implemented in any of the embodiments described above.
  • each of the sets of acoustic transducers 20aj-20hi, 20a 2 -20h 2 is acoustic transducer 20aj-20hi, 20a 2 -20h 2 .
  • the advantage of the above-described end-fire sound source array embodiments is that it produces the required high sound pressure levels (SPL) with a device that is relatively compact and inexpensive.
  • SPL sound pressure levels
  • Another example of a use for the above-described end-fire sound source array includes the use of acoustic energy for imaging purposes, such as used in the detection of buried land mines.
  • Another possible application for the above- described end-fire sound source array includes its use as a non-lethal weapon or deterrent.
  • Still another possible application for the above-described end-fire sound source array includes its treatment of industrial exhaust streams.
  • the above-described end-fire sound source array embodiments are unique in that they provide an effective, compact high-amplitude sound source that is relatively inexpensive and appropriate for use in harsh industrial environments.
  • the design is simple and easy to manufacture.
  • the tubular waveguide or waveguides may be made from pipe or square stock.
  • the use of compression drivers is preferred.
  • Conventional compression drivers are available with screw-on type mounts. When compression drivers, with screw-on type mounts are used, the only precision machining that may be required is a line of evenly spaced drilled and tapped holes. This makes construction easy, fast, and inexpensive.
  • the above-described end-fire sound source array embodiments are inherently modular. That is, the size of the above-described end-fire sound source array may be matched precisely to the amount of acoustic energy needed. Also, due to the compact nature, multiple end-fire sound source arrays may be combined to form a shorter stack with a larger opening. The flexibility of the concept makes it easy to adapt to a particular need. [0049]
  • the present disclosure is not to be limited in scope by the specific embodiments described herein. Indeed, other various embodiments of and modifications to the present disclosure, in addition to those described herein, will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from the foregoing description and accompanying drawings. Thus, such other embodiments and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une antenne de source sonore à rayonnement longitudinal. L'antenne de source sonore à rayonnement longitudinal peut produire un son extrêmement intense au niveau d'une fréquence de résonance ou à proximité de celle-ci dans l'air ou dans d'autres gaz d'une manière très peu coûteuse, compact et efficace.
PCT/US2007/019301 2006-09-05 2007-09-05 Antenne de source sonore à rayonnement longitudinal Ceased WO2008030430A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US82453106P 2006-09-05 2006-09-05
US60/824,531 2006-09-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008030430A2 true WO2008030430A2 (fr) 2008-03-13
WO2008030430A3 WO2008030430A3 (fr) 2008-06-26

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PCT/US2007/019301 Ceased WO2008030430A2 (fr) 2006-09-05 2007-09-05 Antenne de source sonore à rayonnement longitudinal

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2636782A (en) * 2023-12-21 2025-07-02 Qphox B V Piezoelectric transducer

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5813998A (en) * 1996-02-28 1998-09-29 Hewlett-Packard Company Method and system for coupling acoustic energy using an end-fire array
US6744899B1 (en) * 1996-05-28 2004-06-01 Robert M. Grunberg Direct coupling of waveguide to compression driver having matching slot shaped throats
US6749666B2 (en) * 2002-04-26 2004-06-15 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Modulated acoustic aggiomeration system and method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2636782A (en) * 2023-12-21 2025-07-02 Qphox B V Piezoelectric transducer

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Publication number Publication date
WO2008030430A3 (fr) 2008-06-26

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