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WO2008024031A1 - Fiber-optic sensor for measuring liquid and/or gas flow rate - Google Patents

Fiber-optic sensor for measuring liquid and/or gas flow rate Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008024031A1
WO2008024031A1 PCT/RU2007/000439 RU2007000439W WO2008024031A1 WO 2008024031 A1 WO2008024031 A1 WO 2008024031A1 RU 2007000439 W RU2007000439 W RU 2007000439W WO 2008024031 A1 WO2008024031 A1 WO 2008024031A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fiber
sensor according
gas
liquid
optical fiber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/RU2007/000439
Other languages
French (fr)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Yan Kuhn De Chizelle
Vladimir Vasilievich Tertychnyi
Ivan Vladimirovich Nikolin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schlumberger Canada Ltd
Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA
Prad Research and Development NV
Schlumberger Technology BV
Schlumberger Holdings Ltd
Original Assignee
Schlumberger Canada Ltd
Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA
Prad Research and Development NV
Schlumberger Technology BV
Schlumberger Holdings Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schlumberger Canada Ltd, Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA, Prad Research and Development NV, Schlumberger Technology BV, Schlumberger Holdings Ltd filed Critical Schlumberger Canada Ltd
Priority to GB0902644A priority Critical patent/GB2454613B/en
Priority to CA2661276A priority patent/CA2661276C/en
Priority to US12/377,636 priority patent/US20110019177A1/en
Publication of WO2008024031A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008024031A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to NO20090766A priority patent/NO20090766L/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35303—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using a reference fibre, e.g. interferometric devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35309—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
    • G01D5/35316—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Bragg gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
    • G01F1/28—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow by drag-force, e.g. vane type or impact flowmeter
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G01F1/661—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters using light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/02—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies, e.g. anemometer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/26—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave

Definitions

  • This utility model relates to fiber-optic sensors for measuring fluid and / or gas velocity used in systems for measuring the flow of liquids and gases, and can be used to control the flow rate of water or natural gas, but especially in measuring systems that are designed to monitor liquid or gas flow rates in pipelines and oil / gas wells.
  • each fiber optic converter in the form of a fiber optic array, reflects a different wavelength depending on its spatial period.
  • a broadband light signal from a light source propagates along the optical fiber, and each transducer reflects a portion of this signal in a specific wavelength band.
  • the reflected waves enter the spectrum analyzer.
  • fiber-optic converters in particular, Brega's intrafiber arrays are used.
  • the disadvantage of this device is that the fiber-optic sensor used in it does not allow to control the change in the flow rate of the liquid and / or gas.
  • a fiber-optic sensor for measuring the velocity of liquid and / or gas including an optical fiber containing at least one Bragg fiber grating (US 20050145039, G Ol F 1/00, 07/07/2005).
  • a fiber-optic sensor for measuring the velocity of liquid and gas includes an optical fiber (fiber light guide) containing Bragg fiber gratings.
  • a disadvantage of the known fiber optic sensor is the lack of sensitivity to small changes in the controlled parameter.
  • the objective of this utility model is to develop and create a fiber optic sensor for measuring the velocity of a liquid and / or gas with improved characteristics.
  • a fiber optic sensor for measuring the velocity of liquid and / or gas including an optical fiber containing at least one Bragg fiber grating
  • the Bragg fiber grating is provided a concentrator of mechanical stresses arising in an optical fiber when it interacts with a stream of liquid and / or gas.
  • a distinctive feature of this utility model is that the Bragg fiber lattice is equipped with a concentrator of mechanical stresses arising in the optical fiber during its interaction with the flow of liquid and / or gas. As a result, with minor changes in the velocity of the liquid and / or gas, the mechanical stresses in the optical fiber and, accordingly, in the matrix of Bragg gratings increase significantly, which leads to a change in the frequency of the reflected wave.
  • the stress concentrator in the form of an element having a transverse dimension larger than the diameter of the optical fiber and located in the region of the Bragg grating.
  • the stress concentrator has a streamlined shape, for example, in the form of a ball or an ellipsoid.
  • the casing may be made, for example, in the form of a hollow cylinder or tube.
  • the optical fiber is provided with a protective coating, which may be made of metal or carbon, or ceramic, or plastic, or polyamide.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of a fiber optic sensor for measuring the velocity of a liquid and / or gas made in accordance with the present utility model
  • FIG. Figure 2 shows a possible fixation of an optical fiber (optical fiber) and a Bragg fiber grating in a casing.
  • a fiber optic sensor for measuring the velocity of a liquid and / or gas contains an optical fiber (optical fiber) 1, at least one Bragg fiber 2, and streamlined concentrators 3.
  • a fiber-optic sensor for measuring the velocity of liquid and / or gas is supplemented with protective covers 4.
  • the optical fiber 1, in which at least one Bragg fiber grating 2 (VRB) is located, is the basis of the sensor.
  • VRB 2 are sensitive elements distributed along the optical fiber 1, which are affected by the flow of liquid and / or gas, which leads to mechanical stress in the optical fiber 1 and in the VRB 2.
  • the periods of VRB 2 are stable.
  • the mechanical stress in VRB 2 is created by friction forces arising between the moving liquid and / or gas and the optical fiber 1 located in the stream.
  • the optical fiber 1 is equipped with a mechanical stress concentrator, which is located in the region where the VRB 2 is located.
  • the reflected signals from the VRB arrive at the receiving device, which can be used as a spectrum analyzer.
  • the sensor in accordance with this utility model may be part of a cable or recording system that can be installed in the pipeline permanently or only for the duration of the measurement.
  • the sensor in accordance with this utility model can be manufactured in any known manner using known technologies and does not require the creation of special equipment or accessories.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to fiber-optic sensors for measuring liquid and/or gas flow rate, is used in systems for measuring liquid and/or gas velocity and can be used for monitoring water or natural gas flow rate, in particular in industrial systems which are used for monitoring a liquid or gas consumption rate in pipelines and in oil/gas wells. The inventive sensor comprises an optic fibre containing at least one Bragg fibre lattice which is provided with at least one concentrator of mechanical stresses generated in an optical fibre during the interaction thereof with a liquid and/or gas flow. Said invention makes it possible to increase the sensor sensibility.

Description

ВОЛОКОННО-ОПТИЧЕСКИЙ ДАТЧИК ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ СКОРОСТИ ЖИДКОСТИ И/ИЛИ ГАЗА FIBER OPTICAL SENSOR FOR MEASURING THE SPEED OF A LIQUID AND / OR GAS

Область техникиTechnical field

Настоящая полезная модель относится к волоконно-оптическим датчикам изменения скорости жидкости и/или газа, применяемых в системах для измерения расхода жидкостей и газов, и может быть использована для контроля расхода потребления воды или природного газа, но особенно в измерительных системах, которые предназначены для мониторинга расхода жидкости или газа в трубопроводах и нефтяных/газовых скважинах.This utility model relates to fiber-optic sensors for measuring fluid and / or gas velocity used in systems for measuring the flow of liquids and gases, and can be used to control the flow rate of water or natural gas, but especially in measuring systems that are designed to monitor liquid or gas flow rates in pipelines and oil / gas wells.

Уровень техникиState of the art

Известно использование волоконно-оптических датчиков выполненных в виде преобразователей на основе решеток, расположенных вдоль оптического волокна (световода) (US 6271766, G 01 D 5/353, 07.08. 2001).It is known to use fiber-optic sensors made in the form of converters based on arrays located along the optical fiber (optical fiber) (US 6271766, G 01 D 5/353, 07.08. 2001).

В известном устройстве, каждый волоконно-оптический преобразователь, в виде волоконно-оптической решетки, отражает различную длину волны в зависимости от ее пространственного периода. Широкополосный световой сигнал от источника света распространяется вдоль оптического волокна и каждый преобразователь отражает часть этого сигнала в определенной полосе длин волн. Отраженные волны поступают в спектроанализатор. В качестве волоконно-оптических преобразователей используют, в частности, внутриволоконные решетки Брега.In the known device, each fiber optic converter, in the form of a fiber optic array, reflects a different wavelength depending on its spatial period. A broadband light signal from a light source propagates along the optical fiber, and each transducer reflects a portion of this signal in a specific wavelength band. The reflected waves enter the spectrum analyzer. As fiber-optic converters, in particular, Brega's intrafiber arrays are used.

Известное техническое решение предназначено для мониторинга различных электрофизических параметров в среде нефтяной или газовой скважины, а именно: давление и температура среды, вибрация потока среды.Known technical solution is intended for monitoring various electrophysical parameters in the environment of oil or gas wells, namely: pressure and temperature of the medium, vibration of the medium flow.

Недостатком данного устройства является то, что используемый в нем волоконно-оптический датчик не позволяет контролировать изменение скорости потока жидкости и/или газа.The disadvantage of this device is that the fiber-optic sensor used in it does not allow to control the change in the flow rate of the liquid and / or gas.

Наиболее близким по технической сущности и достигаемому результату к настоящей полезной модели является волоконно- оптический датчик измерения скорости жидкости и/или газа, включающий оптическое волокно, содержащее, по меньшей мере, одну волоконную решетку Брэгга (US 20050145039, G Ol F 1/00, 07.07.2005). В известном техническом решении охарактеризован волоконно- оптический датчик, предназначенный для измерения скорости жидкости и газа, и включающий оптическое волокно (волоконный световод), содержащее волоконные решетки Брэгга.The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to this utility model is a fiber-optic sensor for measuring the velocity of liquid and / or gas, including an optical fiber containing at least one Bragg fiber grating (US 20050145039, G Ol F 1/00, 07/07/2005). In a known technical solution, a fiber-optic sensor for measuring the velocity of liquid and gas is described, and it includes an optical fiber (fiber light guide) containing Bragg fiber gratings.

Недостатком известного волоконно-оптического датчика является недостаточная чувствительность к малым изменениям контролируемого параметра.A disadvantage of the known fiber optic sensor is the lack of sensitivity to small changes in the controlled parameter.

Сущность полезной моделиUtility Model Essence

Задачей настоящей полезной модели является разработка и создание волоконно-оптического датчика для измерения скорости жидкости и/или газа, обладающего улучшенными характеристиками.The objective of this utility model is to develop and create a fiber optic sensor for measuring the velocity of a liquid and / or gas with improved characteristics.

В результате решения данной задачи возможно получение технического результата, заключающегося в повышении чувствительности датчика.As a result of solving this problem, it is possible to obtain a technical result, which consists in increasing the sensitivity of the sensor.

Данный технический результат достигается тем, что в волоконно- оптическом датчике измерения скорости жидкости и/или газа, включающем оптическое волокно, содержащее, по меньшей мере, одну волоконную решетку Брэгга, волоконная решетка Брэгга снабжена концентратором механических напряжений, возникающих в оптическом волокне при взаимодействии его с потоком жидкости и/или газа.This technical result is achieved in that in a fiber optic sensor for measuring the velocity of liquid and / or gas, including an optical fiber containing at least one Bragg fiber grating, the Bragg fiber grating is provided a concentrator of mechanical stresses arising in an optical fiber when it interacts with a stream of liquid and / or gas.

Отличительная особенность настоящей полезной модели заключается в том, что волоконная решетка Брэгга снабжена концентратором механических напряжений, возникающих в оптическом волокне при взаимодействии его с потоком жидкости и/или газа. В результате при незначительных изменениях скорости жидкости и/или газа существенно увеличиваются механические напряжения в оптическом волокне и, соответственно, в матрице решеток Брэгга, что приводит к изменению частоты отраженной волны.A distinctive feature of this utility model is that the Bragg fiber lattice is equipped with a concentrator of mechanical stresses arising in the optical fiber during its interaction with the flow of liquid and / or gas. As a result, with minor changes in the velocity of the liquid and / or gas, the mechanical stresses in the optical fiber and, accordingly, in the matrix of Bragg gratings increase significantly, which leads to a change in the frequency of the reflected wave.

Целесообразно концентратор механических напряжений выполнить в виде элемента, имеющего поперечный размер больше, чем диаметр оптического волокна и размещенного в области расположения решетки Брэгга.It is advisable to perform the stress concentrator in the form of an element having a transverse dimension larger than the diameter of the optical fiber and located in the region of the Bragg grating.

Целесообразно, чтобы концентратор механических напряжений имел обтекаемую форму, например, в виде шара или эллипсоида.It is advisable that the stress concentrator has a streamlined shape, for example, in the form of a ball or an ellipsoid.

Целесообразно волоконную решетку Брэгга разместить в защитном кожухе. Кожух может быть выполнен, например, в виде полого цилиндра или трубки.It is advisable to place the Bragg fiber lattice in a protective casing. The casing may be made, for example, in the form of a hollow cylinder or tube.

Предпочтительно, чтобы оптическое волокно было снабжено защитным покрытием, которое может быть выполнено из металла или из углерода, или из керамики, или из пластика, или из полиамида.Preferably, the optical fiber is provided with a protective coating, which may be made of metal or carbon, or ceramic, or plastic, or polyamide.

Перечень фигур чертежейList of drawings

На фиг. 1 изображена схема волоконно-оптического датчика измерения скорости жидкости и/или газа, выполненного в соответствии с настоящей полезной моделью, на фиг. 2 показан возможный вариант фиксации оптического волокна (волоконного световода) и волоконной решетки Брэгга в кожухе. Осуществление полезной моделиIn FIG. 1 is a diagram of a fiber optic sensor for measuring the velocity of a liquid and / or gas made in accordance with the present utility model; FIG. Figure 2 shows a possible fixation of an optical fiber (optical fiber) and a Bragg fiber grating in a casing. Utility Model Implementation

Изображенный на фиг. 1 волоконно-оптический датчик измерения скорости жидкости и/или газа содержит оптическое волокно (волоконный световод) 1 , по меньшей мере, одну волоконную решетку 2 Брэгга, и концентраторы 3 механических напряжений, имеющие обтекаемую форму.Depicted in FIG. 1, a fiber optic sensor for measuring the velocity of a liquid and / or gas contains an optical fiber (optical fiber) 1, at least one Bragg fiber 2, and streamlined concentrators 3.

Согласно фиг. 2, волоконно-оптический датчик измерения скорости жидкости и/или газа дополнен защитными кожухами 4.According to FIG. 2, a fiber-optic sensor for measuring the velocity of liquid and / or gas is supplemented with protective covers 4.

Оптическое волокно 1, в котором размещена, по меньшей мере, одна волоконная решетка 2 Брэгга (ВРБ) представляет собой основу датчика. ВРБ 2 являются чувствительными элементами, распределенными вдоль оптического волокна 1, на которые оказывает влияние поток жидкости и/или газа, что приводит к возникновению механического напряжения в оптическом волокне 1 и в ВРБ 2. В режиме покоя, т.е. неизменности скорости протекания контролируемой жидкости и/или газа периоды ВРБ 2 стабильны. Механическое напряжение в ВРБ 2 создается силами трения, возникающими между движущейся жидкостью и/или газом и расположенным в потоке оптическим волокном 1. Оптическое волокно 1 снабжено концентратором механических напряжений, который расположен в области размещения ВРБ 2. При изменении скорости потока жидкости и/или газа происходит изменение пространственного периода ВРБ, что, в свою очередь, вызывает изменение частоты отраженной волны. Наличие концентратора механических напряжений вызывает более существенное изменение пространственного периода ВРБ. Отраженные сигналы от ВРБ поступают на принимающее устройство, в качестве которого может быть использован спектроанализатор. Датчик в соответствии с настоящей полезной моделью может быть частью кабеля или регистрирующей системы, которая может быть установлена в трубопроводе постоянно или только на время измерений.The optical fiber 1, in which at least one Bragg fiber grating 2 (VRB) is located, is the basis of the sensor. VRB 2 are sensitive elements distributed along the optical fiber 1, which are affected by the flow of liquid and / or gas, which leads to mechanical stress in the optical fiber 1 and in the VRB 2. In idle mode, i.e. the invariance of the flow rate of the controlled liquid and / or gas, the periods of VRB 2 are stable. The mechanical stress in VRB 2 is created by friction forces arising between the moving liquid and / or gas and the optical fiber 1 located in the stream. The optical fiber 1 is equipped with a mechanical stress concentrator, which is located in the region where the VRB 2 is located. When the flow rate of the liquid and / or gas changes there is a change in the spatial period of the VRB, which, in turn, causes a change in the frequency of the reflected wave. The presence of a stress concentrator causes a more significant change in the spatial period of the VRB. The reflected signals from the VRB arrive at the receiving device, which can be used as a spectrum analyzer. The sensor in accordance with this utility model may be part of a cable or recording system that can be installed in the pipeline permanently or only for the duration of the measurement.

Датчик в соответствии с настоящей полезной моделью может быть изготовлен любым известным способом с использованием известных технологий и не требует создания специального оборудования или оснастки. The sensor in accordance with this utility model can be manufactured in any known manner using known technologies and does not require the creation of special equipment or accessories.

Claims

ФОРМУЛА ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ USEFUL MODEL FORMULA 1. Волоконно-оптический датчик измерения скорости жидкости и/или газа, включающий оптическое волокно, содержащее, по меньшей мере, одну волоконную решетку Брэгга, отличающийся тем, что волоконная решетка Брэгга снабжена концентратором механических напряжений, возникающих в оптическом волокне при взаимодействии его с потоком жидкости и/или газа.1. Fiber-optic sensor for measuring the velocity of liquid and / or gas, including an optical fiber containing at least one Bragg fiber grating, characterized in that the Bragg fiber grating is equipped with a stress concentrator arising in the optical fiber when it interacts with the flow liquid and / or gas. 2. Датчик по п.l, отличающийся тем, что концентратор механических напряжений выполнен в виде элемента, имеющего поперечный размер больше, чем диаметр оптического волокна и размещен в области расположения решетки Брэгга.2. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical stress concentrator is made in the form of an element having a transverse dimension greater than the diameter of the optical fiber and placed in the region of the Bragg grating. 3. Датчик по п.l, отличающийся тем, что концентратор механических напряжений имеет обтекаемую форму.3. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the stress concentrator is streamlined. 4. Датчик по п. 2, отличающийся тем, что концентратор механических напряжений выполнен в форме шара или эллипсоида.4. The sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that the stress concentrator is made in the form of a ball or an ellipsoid. 5. Датчик по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что волоконная решетка Брэгга размещена в защитном кожухе.5. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the Bragg fiber grating is housed in a protective casing. 6. Датчик по п.5, отличающийся тем, что защитный кожух выполнен в виде полого цилиндра или трубки.6. The sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that the protective casing is made in the form of a hollow cylinder or tube. 7. Датчик по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что оптическое волокно снабжено защитным покрытием. 7. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical fiber is provided with a protective coating. 8. Датчик по п. 7, отличающийся тем, что защитное покрытие выполнено из металла.8. The sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that the protective coating is made of metal. 9. Датчик по п. 7, отличающийся тем, что защитное покрытие выполнено из углерода.9. The sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that the protective coating is made of carbon. 10. Датчик по п. 7, отличающийся тем, что защитное покрытие выполнено из керамики.10. The sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that the protective coating is made of ceramic. 11. Датчик по п. 7, отличающийся тем, что защитное покрытие выполнено из пластика.11. The sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that the protective coating is made of plastic. 12. Датчик по п. 7, отличающийся тем, что защитное покрытие выполнено из полиамида. 12. The sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that the protective coating is made of polyamide.
PCT/RU2007/000439 2006-08-16 2007-08-09 Fiber-optic sensor for measuring liquid and/or gas flow rate Ceased WO2008024031A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0902644A GB2454613B (en) 2006-08-16 2007-08-09 Fiber-optic transducer for fluid and/or gas velocity measure ment
CA2661276A CA2661276C (en) 2006-08-16 2007-08-09 A fiber-optic transducer for fluid and/or gas velocity measurement
US12/377,636 US20110019177A1 (en) 2006-08-16 2007-08-09 Fiber-optic transducer for fluid and/ or gas velocity measurement
NO20090766A NO20090766L (en) 2006-08-16 2009-02-18 Fiber optic sensor for painting liquid and / or gas flow rates

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RU2006129590 2006-08-16
RU2006129590 2006-08-16

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DE102010012924B4 (en) 2010-03-26 2013-03-28 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Mass flow sensor and method for determining the mass flow in a pipe

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CA2661276C (en) 2013-07-23
CA2661276A1 (en) 2008-02-28
GB2454613B (en) 2011-05-25
GB0902644D0 (en) 2009-04-01
NO20090766L (en) 2009-05-14

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