WO2008023246A2

WO2008023246A2 - Apparatus for cracking the molecular structure of. organic substances

Info

Publication number: WO2008023246A2
Application number: PCT/IB2007/002402
Authority: WO
Inventors: Giorgio Pecci
Original assignee: ENERCUT Srl
Current assignee: ENERCUT Srl
Priority date: 2006-08-22
Filing date: 2007-08-22
Publication date: 2008-02-28
Anticipated expiration: 2009-02-22
Also published as: ITBO20060613A1; WO2008023246A3

Abstract

An apparatus for cracking organic material such as plastics, rubber, paper, cardboard, wood, biomasses, oils, comprising a reaction chamber (2) and one or more high frequency current coils (6). In particular, the reaction chamber (2) provides an inlet zone (7), a mixing and cracking zone (8), a withdrawal zone (9) for the solid products that derive from the cracking step and at least one outlet zone (10) of the liquid and/or gaseous products deriving from the cracking step. In the mixing zone (8) a mixing shaft (13) is arranged having a vertical axis (51) and a plurality of blades (16) made of a magnetic material and wheeled by a motor (17) at a speed larger than 1500 rpm. The material moves down the mixing and cracking zone (8) while the shaft (13) rotates causing the current to flow current in the coils (6) causing induced currents to form in the blades (16) that therefore heat up. The mechanical/thermal/magnetic action on the mass causes the cracking process that brings, without air, to make solid and/or liquid and/or gaseous products, among which typically hydrocarbons, used industrially as fuel.

Description

TITLE

APPARATUS FOR CRACKING THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF ORGANIC

SUBSTANCES DESCRIPTION

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to an apparatus for cracking organic material such as plastxcs, rubber, paper, cardboard, wood, natural and synthetic fibres, vegetables from intensive cultivations and biomasses in general, oils.

Background of the invention

Reactions are known, so-called cracking reactions, which consist of mixing and heating loose material, typically but not exclusively between 300 and 600^βC, to obtain gaseous products like LPG or methane, liquid products like diesel oil, and solid products such as ashes, carbonaceous products or the like.

Most of the known and traditional cracking apparatus operate usually on products such as crude petroleum and the like, and operate within precise values of pressure, temperature and transformation time.

Cracking apparatus also exist where plastic waste material is processed. For example, in EP1726634 an apparatus is described to obtain fuel oil by cracking plastic material. In particular, the cracking process provides the introduction of the plastic material in a cracking bath contained in a cracking reactor heated by magnetic induction means. More in detail, the cracking bath is heated by conductivity, since the walls of the reactor transfer the heat generated by induction directly to the bulk of the cracking bath. In particular, the reactor comprises walls of magnetic induction heatable material (iron, aluminium, etc.) and in the reactor a stirrer is arranged comprising stirring blades of nonmagnetic material (stainless steel) .

However, the reactor above described does not allow to reach a substantially homogeneous temperature in the mass of the cracking bath. In fact, the mass heating proceeds by conductivity, starting from plastic molten material contacting the walls of the reactor, and then by convection, mainly caused by the action of the stirrer, up to the centre of the mass. Therefore, a relatively long time is necessary to the plastic molten material in the reactor to turn into the gaseous state and then condensed in the form of fuel oil.

One of the problems met is that the walls at high temperature cause solid deposits, which reduce remarkably the heat exchange, and the stirring blades must also scrape the walls to remove such deposits. In any case, a quick and homogeneous heating is not available beyond certain limits .

In addition, the teaching of EP 1726634 is not suitable for treating non-plastic material, such as biomasses, fibres, paper, etc., and it is also not adapted to treat heterogeneous waste material, very common among common waste products.

Summary of the invention

It is then an feature of the present invention to provide a cracking reactor for organic material, such as plastics, rubber, paper, cardboard, wood, biomasses, as well as liquids such as oils, and adapted to overcome the difficulties of similar apparatus of the prior art.

It is another feature of the present invention to provide a cracking reactor for the above described organic — ^ — materials also when they are arranged as heterogeneous mixtures .

It is another feature of the present invention to provide a cracking reactor for organic material that allows obtaining desired cracking products with energy consumption definitely less than in traditional treatments.

It is also a feature of the present invention to provide a cracking reactor for organic material that carries out the cracking reactions for loose material without causing oxidation of the products, avoiding the production of potentially harmful compounds, and without releasing gas or vapour in the atmosphere.

It is a further feature of the present invention to provide a cracking reactor for organic material that is structurally simple, that is relatively easy and practical to use, that is safe and effective to operate, as well as it has relatively limited costs.

It is still a feature of the present invention to provide a cracking reactor for organic material that can operate continuously, allowing also to adjust as desired the duration of the of the material in the reactor and the temperature and depression values, necessary to treat specific materials.

It is also a feature of the present invention to provide a cracking reactor for organic material that is based on a process of electromagnetic induction and that is capable of cracking the material also by a magneto- thermal action.

These and other objects are achieved by an apparatus for cracking organic material adapted to obtain solid and/or liquid and/or gaseous industrially attractive products, the apparatus comprising:

— a reaction chamber, without air, said reaction chamber having a material inlet zone, a material mixing and cracking zone, a withdrawal zone for the solid products deriving from the cracking step, and an outlet zone for the liquid and/or gaseous products deriving from the cracking step;

— a high frequency current winding arranged around said reaction chamber;

— a mixing shaft in said mixing zone, said mixing shaft having a plurality of substantially radial blades, and being associated with rotary actuator means for rotating said blades at a predetermined speed, whose main feature is that said blades are made of a magnetic material, the high frequency current in said winding being suitable to generate induced currents in said blades to heat the mass at a predetermined temperature to cause, in combination with the rotation of said mixing shaft, the scission of the material into solid and/or, liquid and/or gaseous products without air.

Advantageously, said winding provides a plurality of induction coils, in said coils high frequency currents passing, said currents being phase-shifted with respect to each other according to predetermined angles.

In particular, the plurality of coils may comprise a number n of coils in which high frequency currents pass, said currents being phase-shifted of a fixed angle φ equal to 360°/n. For example, in case of 2 coils the currents passing in them are phase-shifted of about 180°.

By using coils in which phase-shifted currents pass, the . material of the mass is subject to magnetic fields that are variable in intensity and direction. This induces continuous variations on the molecules of the material, since the forces of cohesion and adhesion between the molecules are subject to high frequency changes. This continuous variation of the orientation causes on the molecules an "intermolecular fatigue" that assists the decomposition of the material. In particular, the use of coils with phase- shifted currents allows decomposition even of steady molecules, i.e. molecules that are highly symmetrical and then substantially without a permanent magnetic dipole.

Advantageously, the reaction chamber is made of a nonmagnetic material, for example stainless steel or titanium, so that the high frequency current in the winding generates the above described induced currents only in the blades of the mixing shaft and in the mass and there is not a shielding action from the walls.

In particular, the reaction chamber can be insulated for eliminating heat dispersion.

Advantageously, along the walls of the reaction chamber distanced rods of magnetic material are provided arranged substantially parallel to the axis of the mixing shaft, the high frequency current in said winding being suitable to generate induced currents also in said rods as well as in said blades. In particular, the trajectory of the ends of the blades passes at a distance of about one mm from the rods to cause a concentration of induced currents from the rods to the blades.

The presence of spaced rods increases the intermolecular fatigue on the material of the mass, since the material passes continuously between points of more/less vicinity between rods and blades, being subject to high frequency magneto-thermal cycles. This effect of the rods can add to that due to a winding having a plurality of coils, the currents that pass in the coils being phase-shifted with respect to each other, in order to increase the above described intermolecular fatigue.

Advantageously, the mixing shaft rotates at a speed set between 1000 and 6000 rpm, advantageously between 1500 and 5000 rpm, preferably between 2000 and 4000 rpm. In particular, the frequency of the induced currents can be set between 5.000 and 80.000 Hz, advantageously between 10.000 and 60.000 Hz, preferably between 15.000 and 50.000 Hz, depending on the molecular structure and chemical stability of the species having higher concentration in the mixture. In particular, means are provided for adjusting the frequency with predetermined period and frequency ranges, in order to span critical frequencies for a variety of material types.

Advantageously, the blades are arranged shifted rotationally with respect to each other in order to form substantially a helix.

Preferably, said helix comprises two portions, said portions having a helix direction opposite to each other, such that, with the rotation, the material is pushed towards the centre of said reaction chamber.

Advantageously, at least one upper screw shaft conveyor is provided, arranged substantially orthogonal to said reaction chamber and communicating with said loose material inlet zone, associated with first rotary actuators.

Furthermore, at least one lower screw shaft conveyor can be provided, substantially tangential to said reaction chamber and communicating with said solid products unloading zone, associated with second rotary actuators.

Preferably, the mixing and cracking zone occupies substantially a lower portion of the reaction chamber and it is defined below by at least one flange of nonmagnetic material, for example stainless steel or titanium, and is also defined laterally by the walls of the reaction chamber and above by at least one containing element, which causes a directional flow of the material to treat, without affecting the material supply, allowing in particular the loose material to move downwards and preventing the solid products to move upwards. In particular, the containing element is kept integral to a cylindrical sleeve fitted along the mixing shaft.

Advantageously, at least one heat exchanger is provided adapted to cool and in part to condense the gaseous products deriving from the cracking step of the loose material, and exiting from said reaction chamber through an opening made in the outlet zone.

Furthermore, the upper screw shaft feeder has a jacket for recovering the heat of the gas at the outlet of the reaction chamber. In particular, the jacket defines at least one gap substantially ring-like that intercepts a conveying duct for the gaseous products, drawn by the reaction chamber towards the exchanger to preheat the material put in the chamber.

Advantageously, the blades are connected bilaterally along the sleeve in order to result axially equidistant in an axial direction and are arranged rotationally shifted with respect to each other of a predetermined angle.

In an exemplary embodiment, the or each coil has tubular shape to allow a cooling fluid to flow inside.

Brief description of the drawings

The invention will be made clearer with the following description of an exemplary embodiment thereof, exemplifying but not limitative, with reference to the attached drawings wherein:

- Figure 1 is an elevational cross sectional side view made with a diametrical plane of the cracking reactor according to the invention/-

- Figure 2 is an elevational cross sectional side view of an exemplary embodiment of the invention, with magnetic rods on the inner walls of the reaction chamber and with mixing shaft supported from the above;

- Figure 3 is a cross sectional view according to the plane III-III of figure 2;

- Figure 4 shows a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a mixing shaft;

Figure 5 shows an electric scheme for supplying shifted currents to the two induction coils.

Description of preferred exemplary embodiments

With particular reference to figure 1 an apparatus according to the invention is indicated generally with 1 for cracking loose heterogeneous material such as plastics, rubber, paper, cardboard, wood, biomasses, as well as liquid such as oils. For example the biomasses can be biomasses of corn or other vegetables that are cultivated intensively.

The apparatus 1 comprises a reaction chamber, generally indicated as 2, of substantially cylindrical conformation with a preferably vertical axis, made of a nonmagnetic material, for example of stainless steel, or of titanium. The reaction chamber 2 is supported by a frame 3 comprising portions 3a and 3b forming a base support frame having respective legs 4 whose lengths are adjustable.

Reaction chamber 2 is surrounded by one or more coils 6, for example of copper, in which high frequency current passes set between 15.000 and 50.000 Hz, delivered by current generating means not shown for simplicity in the figures . The coils can for example have tubular shape to allow cooling fluids to flow. Furthermore, reaction chamber 2 can be thermally insulated with respect to the environment by a coating 5 of insulating material.

In particular, reaction chamber 2 provides a material inlet zone through an inlet opening 7, at least one mixing and cracking zone 8 of the loose material, normally located in a lower portion of chamber 2 same, at least one unloading zone 9 (figure 3) of the solid products deriving from the cracking step and at least one outlet zone for the liquid and/or gaseous products deriving from the cracking step same. The latter are eventually collected through an opening 10.

The mixing and cracking zone 8 (figure 1) is defined below by a flange 11 of nonmagnetic material, and above by at least one containing cup-shaped element 12 adapted, at a same time, to allow the descent of the loose material and to prevent the solid products from moving up.

In mixing zone 8 a mixing shaft is arranged 13, having a vertical axis 51 (shown in a preferred exemplary embodiment also in figure 4). Mixing shaft 13 is supported for example in the way shown for the exemplary embodiment of figure 2 by upper and lower thrust bearings 14, mounted in respective housings 15 provided in reaction chamber 2. Mixing shaft 13 has a tubular shape indicated as 18 and under containing element 12 it has a plurality of bilateral blades 16, made of a magnetic material, for example iron or martensitic steel, arranged substantially in a radial way. In particular, the mixing shaft 13 is wheeled about its own axis 51 by rotary actuator means indicated generally with 17, for rotation at a predetermined speed of mixing shaft 13 same. In particular, to assist a higher efficiency of the effects due to the electromagnetic induction, mixing shaft 13 is rotated at a speed faster than 1500 rpm, for example about 2800-3000 rpm.

In particular, as shown in detail in figure 4, the blades 16 are arranged equidistant with respect to each other, and rotationally shifted of a predetermined angle so that their ends form substantially a helix. The blades 16 are preferably at an angle towards the above or towards below, or also in both directions, in order to mix the material. More in detail, in the exemplary embodiment of figure 4 the blades 16 are split into two groups of blades 16a and 16b having opposite directions in order to form corresponding helix portions that push the material treated towards the centre of mixing and cracking .zone 8.

The apparatus comprises an upper screw shaft feeder 20, arranged substantially orthogonal to reaction chamber 2 and communicating, in a airtight way, with inlet opening 7 for feeding the loose material: the upper screw shaft feeder 20 is associated with first rotary actuators, not shown in figure 1 or 2, but of essentially traditional type, consisting preferably of a gear motor. The upper screw shaft feeder 20 for supplying the material is housed in a tubular jacket 21, which in turn is also only partially enclosed in a jacket for heat exchange 22, insulated, between the cracked products and the fed material, which thus can be preheated.

The apparatus comprises favourably at least one condenser 23, of essentially traditional type, adapted to counter-current cooling the gaseous products deriving from the cracking step of the loose material and exiting from reaction chamber 2 through outlet opening 10, the products being then conveyed by a duct 24 towards below and then collected through a lower unloading outlet 25 of the condenser same.

It is advantageously provided at least one substantially ring-like gap 26, made in the heat exchange jacket 22 about tubular jacket 21, which crosses duct 24 and then the flow of the gaseous products led by reaction chamber 2 towards condenser 23, to cause, as said, a preheating of the material put in the chamber same.

The apparatus comprises also a lower screw shaft conveyor 27 (figure 3) , substantially tangential to the reaction chamber 2 and enclosed in a respective tubular body 28 communicating with the unloading zone 9 of the solid products; the lower screw shaft conveyor 27 is associated with second rotary actuators 29, consisting preferably of a electric gear motor 36. In figure 3, furthermore, a rotocell 37 is shown, which is operated by an electric motor 38 and is used for increasing the airtight of screw shaft feeder 27, in order to suitably modulate the depression conditions.

With reference again to figures 1 and 2, in the two exemplary embodiments of the invention, the rotary actuator means 17 of mixing shaft 13 comprises at least one motor 30, supported on a slide 31 (figure 1 or 2), sliding on the structure 3b by a screw belt stretcher 32, so that it is adjustable in position, on whose output shaft a driving pulley 33 is rigidly keyed. Actuator means 17 comprises, furthermore, a driven pulley 34 fitted rigidly to the end of mixing shaft 13 exiting from reaction chamber 2, and a transmission belt 35 closed as a ring around driving pulley 33 and around driven pulley 34.

The operation of the apparatus according to the invention is the following. The loose material, for example plastics, rubber, paper, cardboard, wood, biomasses and other, after having been ground to a suitable size, is put in reaction chamber 2 by upper screw shaft feeder 20, through inlet opening 7. In steady conditions, the loose material is preheated owing to the gaseous reaction products that move through gap 26. The loose material moves down then into the mixing and cracking zone 8, owing to the ring gap that is defined between containing element 12 and the inner wall of the reaction chamber 2. The same containing element 12 prevents the solid material from moving towards the upper part of reaction chamber 2.

For starting the cracking reaction, it is necessary to put in rotation the mixing shaft 13 at a predetermined speed, for example 2.800 rpm, and to turn on the electric current, of suitable power and at a high frequency, in winding 6. The current generates induced currents in the blades 16 and in the material present in the mixing and cracking zone 8, which therefore are heated. The heating of the mass obtained by Joule effect is added to that deriving from the contact with the heated parts by induction and, secondarily, from the friction caused by the stirrer. This starts the cracking process that brings, without air, to make solid and/or liquid and/or gaseous products, among which typically hydrocarbons, used industrially as combustible materials or fuels.

According to the invention, the winding 6 can comprise more coil wires, indicated as n, each of which crossed by a current at high frequency and phase-shifted with respect to the other of a variable or fixed angle φ. This angle can be for example equal to 360° /n. For example, In the case shown in figure 5, two wires are provided crossed by two currents ii and ±2 shown in figure by a continuous line and by a dotted line, said currents being phase-shifted of an angle φ equal to 180°. Using coils with phase-shifted currents of 180°, the material treated is subject to magnetic fields oriented in opposite directions. This causes the molecules of the treated loose material to vary continuously their own conformation and to change their orientation in space selectively parallel to the lines of force of either magnetic field. The continuous variation of the conformation causes the molecules to be subject to an "intermolecular fatigue" that assists the decomposition of the same. In particular, the use of coils and of currents, where said currents are phase-shifted in an appropriate way, which can be adjustable, allows decomposition of steady molecules, i.e. highly symmetrical and then substantially without a permanent magnetic dipole.

The chart shown in figure 5, with sinusoidal course and absolute maximum value of ii = i₂, is only an example. The two currents I₁ and i₂ may also be different from each other or may not have a sinusoidal shape for the intensity/tension, in order to enhance the above described phenomena. As above said, furthermore, n wires can be provided respectively for currents ii, i2, ... i_n with respective frequencies and wave forms .

The solid products are then extracted by the lower screw shaft conveyor 27 for being reused of for being disposed of, whereas the liquid and/or gaseous products are drawn by outlet duct 24 and condensed, in order to be stored and used.

In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, shown in figures 2 and 3, in the reaction chamber 2, and, in particular, in the mixing zone 8 along the side wall, a distribution of rods 19 can be provided made of a magnetic material. The rods 19, arranged substantially parallel to the axis of the mixing shaft 13, for example, have a substantially trapezoidal cross section with side face at an angle concordant with the rotation of the mixing shaft 13.

The current moving in winding 6 generates in this case induced currents in rods 19 and in blades 16 which are made of a magnetic material. More in detail, during the rotation of mixing shaft 13, blades 16 pass at a distance about of one mm from rods 19 causing, at the points of minimum distance, an effect of concentration of the frictional forces and of the magnetic field that increases heating. The rods 19 can be distant circumferentially from each other to avoid a shielding effect of the magnetic induction with respect to the blades 16 that has been generated by induction coils 6.

In the example of figure 3 the rods 19 are distanced about 120°. For example, a typical course of such induced currents is shown, indicated as I, substantially three- lobed. Such induced currents, for the well known Ohm's law, cause a heating both of the rods 19 and of blades 16, up to a predetermined temperature that can be controlled as desired by the user by changing parameters, such as the intensity of the current in the coils 6 and the speed of the mixing shaft 6.

In the apparatus, according to the invention, then, a low temperature cracking of the treated material is obtained, without oxygen, and the organic molecules break without forming oxidized products, among which potentially harmful compounds, and without forming gas or vapour to release in the atmosphere. In particular, a uniform temperature is obtained in the mass of material avoiding overheating.

The apparatus 1 allows also treating materials that usually are not put in traditional cracking plants, for example residues of materials containing chloride. In general, the invention allows a valorisation in a most effective way of a plurality of materials that otherwise would be treated by conventional valorisation processes, such as those based on burning.

The energy consumption for the operation of apparatus 2, thanks to the heating due to induced currents generated in the blades 16, in the material treated and possibly in the rods 19, is definitely lower than that necessary for operating plants of traditional type.

The foregoing description of a specific embodiment will so fully reveal the invention according to the conceptual point of view, so that others, by applying current knowledge, will be able to modify and/or adapt for various applications such an embodiment without further research and without parting from the invention, and it is therefore to be understood that such adaptations and modifications will have to be considered as equivalent to the specific embodiment. The means and the materials to realise the different functions described herein could have a different nature without, for this reason, departing from the field of the invention. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.

Claims

A cracking apparatus for loose heterogeneous material such as plastics, rubber, paper, cardboard, wood, biomasses in general, as well as liquid such as oils, etc. , of the type adapted to obtain solid and/or liquid and/or gaseous products that are reused industrially, said apparatus comprising:

— a reaction chamber without air, said reaction chamber having a material inlet zone, a material mixing and cracking zone, a withdrawal zone for the solid products deriving from the cracking step, and an outlet zone for the liquid and/or gaseous products deriving from the cracking step,

— a high frequency current winding arranged around said reaction chamber;

— a mixing shaft in said mixing zone, said mixing shaft having a plurality of substantially radial blades, and being associated with rotary actuator means for rotating said blades at a predetermined speed, characterised in that said blades are made of a magnetic material, the high frequency current in said winding being suitable to generate induced currents in said blades for heating said mass up to a predetermined temperature, to cause, in combination with the rotation of said mixing shaft, the scission of the loose material into solid and/or liquid and/or gaseous products without air by the heating and the variation of the magnetic fields.

Apparatus, according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of coils is provided, in said coils high frequency currents passing, said currents being phase-shifted with respect to each other of a determined angle φ.

3. Apparatus, according to claim 2, wherein said plurality of coils consists of a number n of coils in which high frequency currents pass, said currents being phase-shifted at an angle φ equal to 360°/n.

4. Apparatus, according to claim 1, wherein said reaction chamber is made of a nonmagnetic material.

5. Apparatus, according to claim 1, wherein said reaction chamber is insulated with respect to the outside.

6. Apparatus, according to claim 1, wherein along the walls of said reaction chamber a plurality of rods of magnetic material is provided arranged substantially parallel to the axis of said mixing shaft and distanced circumferentially from each other, the high frequency current in said winding being suitable to generate induced currents also in said rods as well as in said blades.

7. Apparatus, according to claim 1, wherein said mixing shaft rotates at a speed set between 1000 and 6000 rpm, advantageously between 1500 and 5000 rpm, preferably between 2000 and 4000 rpm.

8. Apparatus, according to claim 1, wherein said frequency of said induced currents is set between 5.000 and 80.000 Hz, advantageously between 10.000 and 60.000 Hz, preferably between 15.000 and 50.000 Hz.

9. Apparatus, according to claim 1, wherein said blades are arranged shifted rotationally with respect to each other in order to form substantially a helix.

10. Apparatus, according to claim 9, wherein said helix comprises two portions, said portions having a helix direction opposite to each other, in order to push, with the rotation, the material towards the centre of said reaction chamber.

11. Apparatus, according to claim 1, wherein at least one upper screw shaft conveyor is provided, arranged substantially orthogonal to said reaction chamber and communicating with said loose material inlet zone, associated with first rotary actuators.

12. Apparatus, according to claim 1, wherein at least one lower screw shaft conveyor is provided, substantially tangential to said reaction chamber and communicating with said unloading zone for the solid products, and associated with second rotary actuators.

13. Apparatus, according to claim 12, wherein said lower screw shaft conveyor is associated with a rotocell 37 adapted to increase the tightness of the screw shaft feeder, in order to control conditions of depression in said screw shaft feeder.

14. Apparatus, according to claim 1, wherein said mixing and cracking zone is located in a lower portion of the reaction chamber and is defined below by at least one flange of nonmagnetic material, laterally by the walls of the reaction chamber and above by at least one containing element, at a same time, to allow the loose material to move down and to prevent the solid products from moving up.

15. A method for cracking organic material, such as plastics, rubber, paper, cardboard, wood, biomasses in general, as well as liquid such as oils, etc., adapted to obtain solid and/or liquid and/or gaseous products to be reused industrially, comprising the steps of:

— arranging said material in a reaction chamber without air, said reaction chamber having a material inlet zone, a material mixing and cracking zone, a withdrawal zone for the solid products deriving from the cracking step, and an outlet zone for the liquid and/or gaseous products deriving from the cracking step,

— arranging a winding out of said reaction chamber and causing high frequency current to pass in said winding;

— arranging a mixing shaft in said mixing zone and causing said shaft to rotate at a predetermined speed, said mixing shaft having a plurality of substantially radial blades that with the rotation of the shaft pass through said material, said blades being made of a magnetic material whereby the high frequency current in said winding generates induced currents in said blades that cause its heating to a predetermined temperature value, to cause, in combination with the rotation of said mixing shaft, the scission of said material into said solid and/or liquid and/or gaseous products without air being caused by the temperature and by the variation of the magnetic fields.