WO2008019300A2 - Electrochemical hydrogen pump with standby mode - Google Patents
Electrochemical hydrogen pump with standby mode Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008019300A2 WO2008019300A2 PCT/US2007/075137 US2007075137W WO2008019300A2 WO 2008019300 A2 WO2008019300 A2 WO 2008019300A2 US 2007075137 W US2007075137 W US 2007075137W WO 2008019300 A2 WO2008019300 A2 WO 2008019300A2
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- anode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
- B01D53/326—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 in electrochemical cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/16—Hydrogen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0681—Reactant purification by the use of electrochemical cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to apparatus and operating methods for electrochemical hydrogen separation and compression systems. Various methods, features and system configurations are discussed.
- Electrochemical technologies are of increasing interest, due in part to advantages provided in efficiency and environmental impact over traditional mechanical and combustion based technologies.
- Electrochemical cells can also be used to selectively transfer (or "pump") hydrogen from one side of the cell to another.
- a cell utilizing a proton exchange membrane the membrane is sandwiched between a first electrode (anode) and a second electrode (cathode), a gas containing hydrogen is placed at the first electrode, and an electric potential is placed between the first and second electrodes, the potential at the first electrode with respect to ground (or “zero") being greater than the potential at the second electrode with respect to ground.
- Each hydrogen molecule reacted at the first electrode produces two protons which pass through the membrane to the second electrode of the cell, where they are rejoined by two electrons to form a hydrogen molecule (sometimes referred to as "evolving hydrogen" at the electrode).
- a method is provided of operating an electrochemical cell, including the following steps: providing an electrical potential between an anode and a cathode of an electrochemical cell; ionizing hydrogen at the anode to flow protons through a proton exchange membrane to the cathode; and initiating a standby mode wherein hydrogen is flowed from a cathode outlet to an anode inlet.
- the step of initiating a standby mode comprises the step of opening a bypass valve to divert hydrogen from the cathode outlet to the anode inlet.
- some embodiments include a step of cooling the hydrogen flowed from the cathode to the anode, while other embodiments include a step of heating the hydrogen flowed from the cathode to the anode. Yet other embodiments may include a step of maintaining a temperature of the hydrogen flowed from the cathode to the anode above a predetermined threshold.
- the standby mode functionality of electrochemical systems under the present invention can also provide an advantageous means of shutting down such systems.
- hydrogen recirculation during standby mode can be used to purge oxygen from a system, where the oxygen could otherwise degrade cell components during storage, as through oxidation of electrodes, catalysts, etc.
- Methods under the present invention can therefore further include a step of removing the electrical potential after the standby mode is initiated.
- Such methods can further include a step of isolating the cell from an ambient atmosphere.
- Ambient atmosphere refers to the external atmosphere surrounding such a system.
- isolating such a system can prevent oxygen from contaminating or degrading the cell components during storage.
- the methods presented may include a step of flowing an anode exhaust gas from an anode outlet of the cell to a cathode exhaust gas of the cell.
- this may be advantageous for cells operating on pure hydrogen with no diluents. Any hydrogen that is not pumped to the cathode therefore leaves the anode exhaust and is redirected to the anode inlet.
- certain methods under the present invention can further include a step of raising the electrical potential across the cell until a hydrogen content of an anode exhaust gas is below a predetermined threshold.
- the buildup of inerts in the cell can be monitored, as an example, by monitoring cell voltage (or other electrical performance parameters as known in the art).
- cell voltage or other electrical performance parameters as known in the art.
- the anode exhaust is opened, releasing the inerts at the anode exhaust to the ambient atmosphere.
- Such systems can be expressed through the following steps: blocking a flow of anode exhaust gas from the cell; monitoring an electrical performance variable of the cell; and unblocking the flow of anode exhaust gas when the electrical performance variable reaches a predetermined threshold.
- the anode purging step described for such systems can also be carried out as a function of time.
- such methods can include a step of unblocking the flow of anode exhaust gas after a predetermined period of time.
- the invention provides an electrochemical hydrogen pumping system, comprising: an electrochemical cell comprising an anode and a cathode; a power supply adapted to flow electrical current across the cell; a first bypass valve adapted to divert a cathode exhaust stream to an anode inlet stream; a hydrogen source gas in fluid communication with the anode inlet stream; and a hydrogen reservoir in fluid communication with the anode inlet stream adapted to selectively flow hydrogen into the anode inlet stream while the first bypass valve is configured to divert the cathode exhaust stream to the anode inlet stream.
- the hydrogen source gas provides the primary hydrogen stream that is being pumped across the cell.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Apparatus and operating methods are provided for electrochemical hydrogen separation systems having a standby mode. In one possible embodiment, an electrical potential is provided between an anode and a cathode of an electrochemical cell. Hydrogen is ionized at the anode to flow protons through a proton exchange membrane to the cathode. A standby mode is initiated wherein a bypass on the cathode outlet is actuated to flow hydrogen from the cathode outlet to the anode inlet. In some cases, make-up hydrogen can be injected at the anode inlet to maintain hydrogen circulation during long standby periods in standby mode. Various methods, features and system configurations are discussed.
Description
ELECTROCHEMICAL HYDROGEN PUMP WITH STANDBY MODE
Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to apparatus and operating methods for electrochemical hydrogen separation and compression systems. Various methods, features and system configurations are discussed.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Electrochemical technologies are of increasing interest, due in part to advantages provided in efficiency and environmental impact over traditional mechanical and combustion based technologies.
A variety of electrochemical fuel cell technologies are known, wherein electrical power is produced by reacting a fuel such as hydrogen in an electrochemical cell to produce a flow of electrons across the cell, thus providing an electrical current. For example, in fuel cells utilizing proton exchange membrane technology, an electrically non-conducting proton exchange membrane is typically sandwiched between two catalyzed electrodes. One of the electrodes, typically referred to as the anode, is contacted with hydrogen. The catalyst at the anode serves to divide the hydrogen molecules into their respective protons and electrons. Each hydrogen molecule produces two protons which pass through the membrane to the other electrode, typically referred to as the cathode. The protons at the cathode react with oxygen to form water, and the residual electrons at the anode travel through an electrically conductive path around the
membrane to produce an electrical current from anode to cathode. The technology is closely analogous to conventional battery technology.
Electrochemical cells can also be used to selectively transfer (or "pump") hydrogen from one side of the cell to another. For example, in a cell utilizing a proton exchange membrane, the membrane is sandwiched between a first electrode (anode) and a second electrode (cathode), a gas containing hydrogen is placed at the first electrode, and an electric potential is placed between the first and second electrodes, the potential at the first electrode with respect to ground (or "zero") being greater than the potential at the second electrode with respect to ground. Each hydrogen molecule reacted at the first electrode produces two protons which pass through the membrane to the second electrode of the cell, where they are rejoined by two electrons to form a hydrogen molecule (sometimes referred to as "evolving hydrogen" at the electrode).
Electrochemical cells used in this manner are sometimes referred to as hydrogen pumps. In addition to providing controlled transfer of hydrogen across the cell, hydrogen pumps can also by used to separate hydrogen from gas mixtures containing other components. Where the hydrogen is pumped into a confined space, such cells can be used to compress the hydrogen, at very high pressures in some cases.
There is a continuing need for apparatus, methods and applications relating to electrochemical cells.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Apparatus and operating methods are provided for electrochemical hydrogen separation systems having a standby mode. In one possible embodiment, an electrical potential is provided between an anode and a cathode of an electrochemical cell. Hydrogen is ionized at the anode to flow protons through a proton exchange membrane to the cathode. A standby mode is initiated wherein a bypass on the cathode outlet is actuated to flow hydrogen from the cathode outlet to the anode inlet. In some cases, make-up hydrogen can be injected at the anode inlet to maintain hydrogen circulation during long standby periods in standby mode.
Various aspects and features of the invention will be apparent from the following Detailed Description and from the Claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It will be appreciated that the apparatus, methods, and applications of the invention can include any of the features described herein, either alone or in combination.
Electrochemical hydrogen pumping systems are frequently useful in environments requiring intermittent operation or variable output. The present invention provides a series of design aspects useful in providing standby modes wherein such systems can be operated in idle modes, where complete shutdown is not necessary. Initial startup of electrochemical cells can be difficult and inefficient, such that the availability of standby modes can be critical to fast-response systems with intermittent operation. Additionally, complete shutdown, storage and subsequent startups can be
detrimental to electrochemical cell components in a variety of ways well known in the art. The standby modes under the present invention can therefore be used to enhance the operating life electrochemical systems by avoiding degradation through shutdown and startup scenarios.
In one embodiment, a method is provided of operating an electrochemical cell, including the following steps: providing an electrical potential between an anode and a cathode of an electrochemical cell; ionizing hydrogen at the anode to flow protons through a proton exchange membrane to the cathode; and initiating a standby mode wherein hydrogen is flowed from a cathode outlet to an anode inlet.
The cell can be any electrochemical cell suitable for electrochemically pumping hydrogen. Similarly, the proton exchange membrane can be any material suitable for transporting protons in such a cell (PBI, Nafion®, PEEK, etc.). The cathode outlet refers to the path through which hydrogen flows once produced at the cathode. The anode inlet refers to the path through which hydrogen-containing gas is flowed to the anode of the cell. In the present invention, while reference is generally made to individual cells, it will be appreciated that such cells can form individual units within stacks of cells. The invention covers stack configurations as well as individual cell configurations.
In some embodiments, the step of initiating a standby mode comprises the step of opening a bypass valve to divert hydrogen from the cathode outlet to the anode inlet.
Any valve suitable for this purpose can be used. This results in recirculating the pumped hydrogen back through the cell. Some embodiments further include the step of
injecting external hydrogen at the anode. "External" hydrogen refers to a hydrogen reservoir that is separate from the hydrogen-containing gas from which hydrogen is separated at the anode. For example, a tank of pure hydrogen can be used to inject hydrogen into the system to make up for any hydrogen lost or leaked from the system during extended periods of standby operation. In some embodiments, this can be achieved through the additional step of maintaining a pressure of hydrogen at the anode inlet above a predetermined threshold. The hydrogen-containing gas can be any gas from which hydrogen is separated or electrochemically pumped.
In some embodiments, during standby operation, the cell is operated in a turn down mode where the cell output is held below normal operation. For example, the step of initiating a standby mode can include lowering the electrical potential between the anode and the cathode of the electrochemical cell. Similarly, the step of initiating a standby mode can include lowering the current density of the electrochemical cell. As known in the art, in this context, "current density" refers to the amount of current flowed through the cell per unit electrode area.
In some systems, particularly where the cell utilizes a proton exchange membrane requiring hydration, it may be desirable to humidify the recirculated hydrogen during standby mode to a desired level. In some cases, this will be especially true where the cell is operating at a higher temperature than the recirculated hydrogen as it is introduced at the anode. In yet other embodiments, it may be desirable to dehumidify the recirculated hydrogen during standby mode, for example to prevent condensation inside the cell. Likewise, depending on the desired operating parameters
of a given cell, some embodiments include a step of cooling the hydrogen flowed from the cathode to the anode, while other embodiments include a step of heating the hydrogen flowed from the cathode to the anode. Yet other embodiments may include a step of maintaining a temperature of the hydrogen flowed from the cathode to the anode above a predetermined threshold.
The standby mode functionality of electrochemical systems under the present invention can also provide an advantageous means of shutting down such systems. For example, hydrogen recirculation during standby mode can be used to purge oxygen from a system, where the oxygen could otherwise degrade cell components during storage, as through oxidation of electrodes, catalysts, etc. Methods under the present invention can therefore further include a step of removing the electrical potential after the standby mode is initiated. Such methods can further include a step of isolating the cell from an ambient atmosphere. Ambient atmosphere refers to the external atmosphere surrounding such a system. As an example, isolating such a system can prevent oxygen from contaminating or degrading the cell components during storage.
In another possible embodiment, the methods presented may include a step of flowing an anode exhaust gas from an anode outlet of the cell to a cathode exhaust gas of the cell. As an example, this may be advantageous for cells operating on pure hydrogen with no diluents. Any hydrogen that is not pumped to the cathode therefore leaves the anode exhaust and is redirected to the anode inlet.
In some cases it may be desirable to vent the anode exhaust to the atmosphere. In such cases is may be desirable to maintain the hydrogen content of the anode exhaust
below a desired threshold. Therefore, certain methods under the present invention can further include a step of raising the electrical potential across the cell until a hydrogen content of an anode exhaust gas is below a predetermined threshold.
In another possible embodiment, a valve can be configured to deadhead the anode exhaust stream. In this context, "deadhead" refers to blocking flow. For example, a valve on the anode exhaust can be closed to prevent anode exhaust gasses from escaping. In such a configuration, operating the cell at high potential may not be necessary, since the closed anode exhaust ensures that the cell (or stack) operates at 1 stoich. As this term is often used in the art, "stoich" refers to the amount of gas that can completely react given reactant conditions in the cell. Assuming complete reaction, "1 stoich" means that no excess hydrogen is present.
In such a system, the buildup of inerts in the cell can be monitored, as an example, by monitoring cell voltage (or other electrical performance parameters as known in the art). When the cell voltage becomes unstable or otherwise reaches a desired threshold, the anode exhaust is opened, releasing the inerts at the anode exhaust to the ambient atmosphere. Such systems can be expressed through the following steps: blocking a flow of anode exhaust gas from the cell; monitoring an electrical performance variable of the cell; and unblocking the flow of anode exhaust gas when the electrical performance variable reaches a predetermined threshold. While the above steps are based on electrical performance variable such as cell voltages, the anode purging step described for such systems can also be carried out as a function of time.
For example, such methods can include a step of unblocking the flow of anode exhaust gas after a predetermined period of time.
In some embodiments, the invention provides an electrochemical hydrogen pumping system, comprising: an electrochemical cell comprising an anode and a cathode; a power supply adapted to flow electrical current across the cell; a first bypass valve adapted to divert a cathode exhaust stream to an anode inlet stream; a hydrogen source gas in fluid communication with the anode inlet stream; and a hydrogen reservoir in fluid communication with the anode inlet stream adapted to selectively flow hydrogen into the anode inlet stream while the first bypass valve is configured to divert the cathode exhaust stream to the anode inlet stream. As previously discussed, the hydrogen source gas provides the primary hydrogen stream that is being pumped across the cell. The hydrogen reservoir is adapted to provide supplemental hydrogen to maintain desired circulation levels during operation in standby operation mode. In some embodiments, such systems can further include a second bypass valve adapted to divert the anode exhaust stream to the anode inlet stream. The diversion can be through a direct flow path to the anode inlet, or alternatively, the anode exhaust can be diverted into the cathode exhaust, which in turn can be selectively diverted to the anode inlet.
In another possible embodiment, a method is provided for operating an electrochemical cell, comprising the following steps: providing an electrical potential between an anode and a cathode of an electrochemical cell; ionizing hydrogen at the anode to flow protons through a proton exchange membrane to the cathode; sealing a cathode outlet of the cell; monitoring a pressure of the cathode outlet; and reversing a
polarity of the electrical potential when the pressure of the cathode outlet reaches a predetermined threshold. When the system is required to resume its normal mode of operation, the polarity is again reversed and the sealing mechanism at the cathode (e.g., a valve), is opened. Thus, a standby configuration is provided wherein hydrogen is pumped back and forth across the cell during standby operation to maintain the cell at a desired level of active operation, avoiding the need for complete shutdown during intermittent operation.
The inventive concepts discussed in the claims build on traditional electrochemical cells technologies that are well known in the art. As examples, various suitable designs and operating methods that can be used as a base to implement the present invention are described in the teachings of U.S. Patent Nos. 4,620,914; 6,280,865; 7,132,182 and published U.S. Patent Application Serial Nos. 10/478,852, 11/696,179, 11/737,730, 11/737,733, 11/737,737, and 11/743,612 which are each hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
While the invention has been shown or described in only some of its forms, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptible to various changes without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims
1. A method of operating an electrochemical cell, comprising:
providing an electrical potential between an anode and a cathode of an electrochemical cell;
ionizing hydrogen at the anode to flow protons through a proton exchange membrane to the cathode; and
initiating a standby mode wherein hydrogen is flowed from a cathode outlet to an anode inlet.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of initiating a standby mode comprises the step of opening a bypass valve to divert hydrogen from a cathode outlet to an anode inlet.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of injecting external hydrogen at the anode.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of maintaining a pressure of hydrogen at an anode inlet above a predetermined threshold.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of initiating a standby mode comprises lowering the electrical potential between the anode and the cathode of the electrochemical cell.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of initiating a standby mode comprises lowering a current density of the electrochemical cell.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of humidifying the hydrogen flowed from the cathode to the anode.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of de-humidifying the hydrogen flowed from the cathode to the anode.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of cooling the hydrogen flowed from the cathode to the anode.
10. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of heating the hydrogen flowed from the cathode to the anode.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of maintaining a temperature of the hydrogen flowed from the cathode to the anode above a predetermined threshold.
12. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing the electrical potential after the step of initiating a standby mode.
13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
removing the electrical potential after the step of initiating a standby mode; and
isolating the cell from an ambient atmosphere.
14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
flowing an anode exhaust gas from an anode outlet of the cell to a cathode exhaust gas of the cell.
15. The method of claim 1, further comprising: 4 raising the electrical potential of the cell until a hydrogen content of an anode exhaust gas is below a predetermined threshold.
16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
maintaining a hydrogen content of an anode exhaust gas below a predetermined threshold.
17. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
maintaining a hydrogen content of an anode exhaust gas below a predetermined threshold; and
exhausting the anode exhaust gas to an ambient atmosphere.
18. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
blocking a flow of anode exhaust gas from the cell;
monitoring an electrical performance variable of the cell; and
unblocking the flow of anode exhaust gas when the electrical performance variable reaches a predetermined threshold.
5 19. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
blocking a flow of anode exhaust gas from the cell; and
unblocking the flow of anode exhaust gas after a predetermined period of time.
20. An electrochemical hydrogen pumping system, comprising: an electrochemical cell comprising an anode and a cathode;
a power supply adapted to flow electrical current across the cell;
a first bypass valve adapted to divert a cathode exhaust stream to an anode inlet stream;
a hydrogen source gas in fluid communication with the anode inlet stream; and
a hydrogen reservoir in fluid communication with the anode inlet stream adapted to selectively flow hydrogen into the anode inlet stream while the first bypass valve is configured to divert the cathode exhaust stream to the anode inlet stream.
21. The apparatus of claim 20, further comprising:
a second bypass valve adapted to divert an anode exhaust stream to the anode inlet stream. 6 22. A method of operating an electrochemical cell, comprising:
providing an electrical potential between an anode and a cathode of an electrochemical cell;
ionizing hydrogen at the anode to flow protons through a proton exchange membrane to the cathode;
sealing a cathode outlet of the cell;
monitoring a pressure of the cathode outlet; and
reversing a polarity of the electrical potential when the pressure of the cathode outlet reaches a predetermined threshold.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US83558206P | 2006-08-04 | 2006-08-04 | |
| US60/835,582 | 2006-08-04 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008019300A2 true WO2008019300A2 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
| WO2008019300A3 WO2008019300A3 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
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ID=39033582
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2007/075137 Ceased WO2008019300A2 (en) | 2006-08-04 | 2007-08-03 | Electrochemical hydrogen pump with standby mode |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| WO (1) | WO2008019300A2 (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP5058336B2 (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2012-10-24 | ジーン・ステム株式会社 | Cancer stem cells that highly express SLD5 |
| EP2659574A4 (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2014-12-17 | Utc Power Corp | COOLING DEVICE WITH A BATTERY CELL |
| CN107002260A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2017-08-01 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Membrane electrode assembly, reactor comprising membrane electrode assembly and method for separating hydrogen |
| FR3053325A1 (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-05 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HIGH EFFICIENCY HYDROGEN FROM SYNTHESIS GAS, EXTINGUISHING UNIT DEWATERING |
| CN112955584A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2021-06-11 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | Electrochemical hydrogen pump |
| US20210323817A1 (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-10-21 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Hydrogen system and method of operating hydrogen system |
| WO2022014185A1 (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2022-01-20 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Hydrogen system and method of operating hydrogen system |
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| WO2025036895A1 (en) | 2023-08-14 | 2025-02-20 | Symbio France | Electrochemical system, and method for controlling such a system |
| US12403451B2 (en) | 2017-06-12 | 2025-09-02 | University Of South Carolina | Surface grafted high internal phase emulsion foams for chemical separations |
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| WO2004049479A2 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2004-06-10 | Hydrogenics Corporation | An electrolyzer module for producing hydrogen for use in a fuel cell power unit |
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| WO2025036895A1 (en) | 2023-08-14 | 2025-02-20 | Symbio France | Electrochemical system, and method for controlling such a system |
| FR3152194A1 (en) | 2023-08-14 | 2025-02-21 | Symbio France | Electrochemical system and method of controlling such a system |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2008019300A3 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
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