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WO2008015454A1 - Ensembles porte-outil - Google Patents

Ensembles porte-outil Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008015454A1
WO2008015454A1 PCT/GB2007/002958 GB2007002958W WO2008015454A1 WO 2008015454 A1 WO2008015454 A1 WO 2008015454A1 GB 2007002958 W GB2007002958 W GB 2007002958W WO 2008015454 A1 WO2008015454 A1 WO 2008015454A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tool
tool holder
holder assembly
memory metal
gripping
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2007/002958
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John David Stratton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Novanta Technologies UK Ltd
Original Assignee
GSI Group Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB0615457.9A external-priority patent/GB0615457D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0615456A external-priority patent/GB0615456D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB0701282.6A external-priority patent/GB0701282D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB0710293.2A external-priority patent/GB0710293D0/en
Application filed by GSI Group Ltd filed Critical GSI Group Ltd
Priority to GB0902452.2A priority Critical patent/GB2453701B/en
Publication of WO2008015454A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008015454A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
    • B23B31/02—Chucks
    • B23B31/24—Chucks characterised by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means
    • B23B31/26—Chucks characterised by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means using mechanical transmission through the working-spindle
    • B23B31/261—Chucks characterised by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means using mechanical transmission through the working-spindle clamping the end of the toolholder shank
    • B23B31/265—Chucks characterised by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means using mechanical transmission through the working-spindle clamping the end of the toolholder shank by means of collets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
    • B23B31/02—Chucks
    • B23B31/10—Chucks characterised by the retaining or gripping devices or their immediate operating means
    • B23B31/12—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable
    • B23B31/20—Longitudinally-split sleeves, e.g. collet chucks
    • B23B31/201—Characterized by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means
    • B23B31/207—Characterized by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means using mechanical transmission through the spindle
    • B23B31/2073—Axially fixed cam, moving jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
    • B23B2228/16—Shape memory alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2231/00—Details of chucks, toolholder shanks or tool shanks
    • B23B2231/12—Chucks having means to amplify the force produced by the actuating means to increase the clamping force

Definitions

  • This invention relates to tool holder assemblies and spindles and machining apparatus comprising tool holder assemblies.
  • a machining apparatus which is currently of interest is a drilling machine, for example a high speed drilling machine for PCB drilling.
  • a drilling machine may be arranged to rotate a drill bit at in excess of 250,000 rpm or even in excess of 300,000 or 350,000 rpm to perform drilling operations.
  • a conventional way to hold tools such as drill bits in these type of machining apparatus is to make use of a tool holder including a tapered collet disposed within a tapered bore in a surrounding shaft.
  • the collet and shaft are arranged such that if the collet is drawn into the shaft, the tapers interact with one another to cause the collet to grip an inserted tool.
  • a tool holder assembly comprising a tool receiving portion and tool gripping means for gripping a tool received in the tool receiving portion, the tool gripping means comprising at least one tool gripping portion which is moveable between a tool gripping position and a tool release position, and a memory metal portion which is controllably transformable in response to change in temperature between a first shape and a second shape and is arranged to act upon the tool gripping portion to move the gripping portion towards the tool gripping position as the memory metal portion transforms from the first shape towards the second shape.
  • the memory metal portion may act directly on the tool gripping portion.
  • the tool holder assembly may comprise a tool holder body portion.
  • the at least one tool gripping portion may be connected to the tool holder body portion and the tool gripping portion may be arranged to move relative to the tool holder body portion as the tool gripping portion is moved between the tool gripping position and the tool release position.
  • the at least one tool gripping portion may be connected to the tool holder body portion via a respective resiliently deformable portion.
  • the tool holder body portion and the at least one tool gripping portion may be of a single piece of material. Where there is a plurality of tool gripping portions, the tool holder body portion and the plurality of tool gripping portions may be of a single piece of material.
  • the assembly may be arranged so that the deformable portion will deform as the at least one tool gripping portion is moved between the tool gripping position and the tool release position.
  • the tool gripping portion may be closer to the axis of the tool holder assembly when in the gripping position than when in the release position.
  • the tool gripping portion may extend axially from the tool holder body portion.
  • the tool gripping portion may be disposed radially inwards of the tool holder body portion.
  • the tool gripping portion may extend circumferentially from a radially inwardly projecting part of the tool holder body portion.
  • the tool gripping means may comprise at least one arm which comprises the tool gripping portion and the deformable portion.
  • the memory metal portion may act on the arm at a position, in the region of, or remote from, the tool gripping portion.
  • the arm may extend axially from the tool holder body portion with the tool gripping portion axially spaced from the tool holder body portion by the deformable portion.
  • the arm may extend circumferentially around part of an inner periphery of the tool receiving portion from a radially inwardly projecting part of the tool holder body portion with the tool gripping portion circumferentially spaced from the inwardly projecting part by the deformable portion.
  • the radially inwardly projecting part may project from the tool holder body portion in a radial direction.
  • the arm may extend radially inwardly from the tool holder body portion with the tool gripping portion radially spaced from the main body portion by the deformable portion.
  • the arm may be cantilevered from an end that is parallel to the axis of the tool holder assembly.
  • the arm may be cantilevered from an end that is transverse to the axis of the tool holder assembly.
  • the plurality of tool gripping portions may be spaced from one another around an inner periphery of the tool receiving portion.
  • there may be two sets of tool gripping portions and two tool holder body portions a first of the sets may be connected to a first of the body portions and a second of the sets may be connected to a second of the tool holder body portions.
  • the two tool holder body portions may be axially spaced from one another.
  • the first of the sets of tool gripping portions may project axially away from the first tool holder body portion and towards the second tool holder body portion.
  • the second of the sets of tool gripping portions may project axially away from the second tool holder body portion and towards the first tool holder body portion.
  • the gripping portions in the first set may be circumferentially spaced from one another around the inner periphery of the tool receiving portion with the gripping portions in the second set similarly circumferentially spaced from one another around the inner periphery of the tool receiving portion, and with the gripping portions in the first set disposed circumferentially between the gripping portions in the second set.
  • each pair of gripping portions may be supported by a respective one of those radially inwardly projecting portions.
  • the circumferentially projecting gripping portions may be circumferentially spaced from one another around an inner periphery of the tool receiving portion.
  • a first gripping portion of one pair may face a second gripping portion of another pair across a circumferential spacing.
  • a cross section of the gripping portions taken in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the tool holder assembly may be substantially constant along the axial length of the tool holder body portion.
  • a cross section of the tool holder body taken in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the tool holder assembly may be substantially constant along the axial length of the tool holder body portion.
  • a cross section of the arms of the gripping means taken in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the tool holder assembly may be substantially constant along the axial length of the tool holder body portion.
  • the at least one gripping portion may have a tool contacting surface.
  • the at least one gripping portion may have at least one tool engaging edge, which may be at an edge of the tool contacting surface. Where there are a plurality of tool engaging edges, at least one may face in a first circumferential direction around an inner periphery of the tool receiving portion, and at least one other may face in a second, opposite, circumferential direction around an inner periphery of the tool receiving portion.
  • the tool engaging edge may be generally parallel to an edge of the corresponding gripping portion that is connected to the tool holder body portion.
  • the tool engaging edge may be generally perpendicular to an edge of the corresponding gripping portion that is connected to the tool holder body portion.
  • the or each gripping portion may have a memory metal contacting surface.
  • the memory metal contacting surface may be on an opposite side of the gripping portion from the tool contacting surface.
  • the tool holder assembly may be arranged so that when a carried tool is gripped in the tool receiving portion, the gripping portion is sandwiched between the memory metal portion and the tool.
  • the tool holder assembly may be arranged so the gripping portion is disposed between the memory metal portion and an inner peripheral surface of the tool receiving portion.
  • the or each memory metal portion may be arranged to act on a respective gripping portion.
  • the or each memory metal portion may be arranged to act on a respective plurality of gripping portions.
  • the or each memory metal portion may be arranged to force the or each respective gripping portion towards the axis of the tool holder assembly as the memory metal portion transforms towards the second shape.
  • the or each memory metal portion may be ring-like. Where ring-like, the memory metal portion maybe arranged so that the ring surrounds the axis of the tool holder assembly. There may be two axially spaced ring-like memory metal portions. Where there are two sets of gripping portions, the first ring-like memory metal portion may be arranged to act on the first set of memory metal portions and the second ring-like memory metal portion may be arranged to act on the second set of memory metal portions. The first ring-like memory metal portion may be disposed towards the second tool holder body portion and the second ring-like memory metal portion may be disposed towards the first tool holder body portion. This can mean that the memory metal portions are arranged to act on the gripping portions towards their distal ends.
  • the or each ring-like memory metal portion may be arranged so that the internal diameter of the ring when the memory metal portion is in its first shape is larger than when the memory metal portion is in its second shape. This means that, with the arrangement defined above, when the memory metal portion is in its second shape, it will squeeze the gripping portions into contact with a carried tool. Having two axially spaced memory metal portions allows squeezing, and hence enhanced gripping, at two axially spaced regions on a carried tool.
  • the or each memory metal portion may be elongate.
  • the or each memory metal portion may be axially orientated relative to the tool holder assembly.
  • the or each memory metal portion may be rod-like.
  • the or each memory metal portion may have a longitudinal axis which is arranged so as to be parallel to the axis of the tool holder assembly. Where there is a plurality of memory metal portions these may be angularly spaced from one another around the axis of the tool holder assembly.
  • the or each memory metal portion may act along substantially the whole length of the or each respective gripping portion. This can ensure good gripping over an extended length of a carried tool shank.
  • Each memory metal portion may be arranged to act on two gripping portions.
  • the gripping portions may be from two separate, but adjacent, pairs of gripping portions.
  • the or each memory metal portion may be disposed within a respective void in the tool holder body portion.
  • the or each memory metal portion may be shaped and dimensioned to closely fit the respective void when the memory metal portion is in the first shape and/or the second shape.
  • the or each memory metal portion may have a greater thickness in the radial direction of the tool holder assembly when in the second shape than when in the first shape.
  • the or each memory metal portion may force the or each respective gripping portion further away from the tool holder body portion as the memory metal portion transforms towards the second shape.
  • the or each memory metal portion may have a tool holder body contact surface.
  • the tool holder body contact surface may be opposite to a surface of the memory metal portion that contacts with the memory metal contacting surface of the respective gripping portion.
  • the memory metal portion may ensure that there is a chain of mechanical contact between the tool holder body portion and gripping portion as the memory metal portion transforms towards the second shape so that as the memory metal portion transforms towards the second shape the gripping portion is driven closer to the axis of the tool holder assembly as the memory metal portion reacts against the tool holder body portion.
  • the memory metal portion is arranged to transform towards the second shape if in the first shape and at a temperature on one side of a first temperature threshold and towards the first shape if in the second shape and at a temperature on the other side of a second temperature threshold.
  • the memory metal portion is arranged to transform towards the second shape when at a temperature above the first temperature threshold.
  • the memory metal portion is arranged to transform towards the first shape when at a temperature below the second temperature threshold. This can allow the memory metal portion to move the gripping portion towards the tool gripping position at higher temperatures.
  • An external force may be applied to the memory metal portion to encourage it to return to its first shape when at a temperature below the second temperature threshold.
  • a tool holder assembly will heat up - for example due to heat generated by friction as the tool holder is rotated at high speed or due to other origins of heat, both internal and external to the spindle.
  • an "automatic" gripping of the tool may be achieved as the tool holder assembly is used - this may be by virtue of already present sources of heat, ie making use of "waste heat” or by virtue of heat deliberately provided to the memory metal portions.
  • the tool holder assembly may comprise at least one fluid channel for supplying heat exchange fluid to heat and/or cool the memory metal portion, or at least one of the memory metal portions.
  • the fluid will be air.
  • the fluid channel comprises at least one channel portion which allows direct contact between carried fluid and a respective memory metal portion.
  • the memory metal portion may be hollow.
  • the channel portion may be provided within the respective memory metal portion and an internal wall or walls of the memory metal portion may define the channel portion.
  • the channel portion may be partially defined by an external wall of the respective memory metal portion.
  • the respective memory metal portion may have a groove that partially defines the channel portion.
  • Structure surrounding the respective memory portion, for example, the tool holder body portion, may comprise a groove that partially defines the channel portion.
  • the or each memory metal portion and a respective void in which it is disposed may be shaped and dimensioned to define the channel portion.
  • the tool holder assembly may be arranged to be disposed within a shaft having a bore.
  • the tool holder body portion may be arranged to be disposed within the bore and dimensioned to fit closely with a main curved internal surface of the bore.
  • the gripping means may be arranged to be disposed within the bore of the shaft, that is the or each memory metal portion and the or each gripping portion may be arranged to be disposed within the bore of the shaft.
  • the tool holder assembly may comprise a collet.
  • the collet may comprise said at least one tool gripping portion.
  • the collet may comprise a plurality of jaw portions, each of which comprises a tool gripping portion.
  • the collet may comprise the tool holder body portion.
  • the collet may define the tool receiving portion.
  • the collet may be arranged to be disposed within a collet receiving portion.
  • the collet may be disposed within a collet receiving portion.
  • the tool holder assembly may comprise the collet receiving portion.
  • the collet receiving portion may be separate from the tool holder assembly.
  • the shaft which is to receive the tool holder assembly may comprise the collet receiving portion.
  • the collet may be moveable relative to the collet receiving portion between a tool holding position, for holding a tool for rotation, and a tool release position.
  • the tool holder assembly may comprise spring means for acting on the collet to bias the collet towards the tool gripping position.
  • the spring means may be arranged to provide an axial force between the collet and the collet receiving portion.
  • the collet may be a taper collet having an outer tapered surface for being received in a complementarily tapered bore.
  • the collet receiving portion may define said complementarily tapered bore.
  • the tool holder assembly may comprise a collet receiving portion having a bore with a portion which has a taper which is complementary to the outer tapered surface of the collet.
  • the tapers of the collet and collet receiving portion may be such that axial movement of the collet relative to the collet receiving portion causes or allows the jaw portions of the collet to move in a direction transverse to the axis of the collet for gripping and releasing of an inserted tool.
  • the spring means may bias the collet relative to the collet receiving portion in an axial direction which is such that, as the collet tends to move in said axial direction, the jaw portions tend to move in a direction transverse to the axis of the collet for gripping an inserted tool.
  • Said transverse direction may be inwards towards the axis of the tool holder assembly.
  • Said axial direction may be in a direction away from a tool receiving end of the tool holder assembly.
  • the memory metal portion will be arranged to act upon the at least one tool gripping portion which the collet comprises to move the at least one tool gripping portion towards the tool gripping position as the memory metal portion transforms from the first shape towards the second shape.
  • the memory metal portion may be arranged to act on at least one of the jaw portions of the collet.
  • the memory metal portion may act directly on the at least one jaw portion.
  • the memory metal portion may act on the at least one jaw portion via at least one intermediate member.
  • the memory metal portion may comprise a ring of memory metal material.
  • the ring may be disposed around the collet.
  • the collet may comprise the memory metal portion.
  • the memory metal portion may be a ring and may be carried on the remainder of the collet.
  • the memory metal portion may be arranged to act between the at least one jaw portion of the collet and the collet receiving portion.
  • the memory metal portion may be disposed radially inwards of the collet receiving portion.
  • the memory metal portion may have a tapered surface which is arranged to face and be complementary to the tapered surface of the collet receiving portion.
  • the memory metal portion maybe arranged to act on the at least one jaw portion of the collet via the collet receiving portion.
  • the memory metal portion may be disposed radially outwards of the collet receiving portion.
  • the memory metal portion may be arranged to deflect the surface of the tapered bore portion of the collet receiving portion radially inwards towards the axis of the tool holder assembly as the memory metal portion transforms from the first shape towards the second shape, thereby moving the at least one tool gripping portion towards the tool gripping position.
  • the memory metal portion may comprise a ring of memory metal material which is disposed around the collet receiving portion which in turn is disposed around the collet.
  • the memory metal portion is disposed between the shaft and the collet receiving portion.
  • a tool holder assembly for holding a tool and comprising a collet disposed within a collet receiving portion and spring means for acting on the collet, the collet having at least one tool gripping portion and being moveable relative to the collet receiving portion between a tool holding position, for holding a tool for rotation, and a tool release position, the spring means being arranged to bias the collet towards the tool holding position, the tool holder comprising a memory metal portion which is controllably transformable in response to change in temperature between a first shape and a second shape, the memory metal portion being arranged to act on the at least one tool gripping portion to move the tool gripping portion towards a tool gripping position when the memory metal portion transforms towards the second shape.
  • Any of the tool holder assemblies described above be a rotary tool holder assembly.
  • a spindle for example an air bearing drilling spindle, comprising a tool holder assembly as defined above.
  • the spindle may comprise a shaft in which the tool holder assembly is mounted.
  • machining apparatus comprising one of a spindle and a tool holder assembly as defined above.
  • the machining apparatus may comprise a temperature control arrangement comprising means for supplying heat exchange fluid along said at least one channel to heat and/or cool the at least one memory metal portion.
  • the machining apparatus may be a PCB drilling machine.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of part of a drilling machine comprising a drilling spindle including a tool holder assembly carrying a tool;
  • Figure 2 A is a section on line H-II of part of the spindle shown in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 2B shows the same section of the spindle of Figure 1 as is shown in Figure 2A 5 but without a plurality of memory metal portions in position;
  • Figure 2C shows a section through an alternative shape of memory metal portion which may be used in the spindle of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 A shows a similar section to that shown in Figures 2A and 2B of a spindle with a tool holder assembly which is of an alternative design to that shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 B shows the same section as Figure 3 A, but without a plurality of memory metal portions in position
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic section of part of a spindle including an alternative tool holder assembly
  • Figure 5 is a section on line V-V of part of the spindle shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6A shows a side view of a memory metal portion for use with the tool holder assembly shown in Figures 4 and 5;
  • Figure 6B shows an end view of the memory metal portion shown in Figure 6 A
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic sectional view of part of a spindle including another alternative tool holder assembly
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic sectional view of a rotary tool holder including a taper collet which is useful for understanding yet another alternative tool holder assembly
  • Figure 9 is a front view of yet another alternative tool holder assembly
  • Figure 10 is a section on line X-X of part of the rotary tool holder assembly shown in Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a section on line XI-XI through the rotary tool holder assembly shown in Figure 10;
  • Figure 12 is a front view of a further alternative tool holder assembly
  • Figure 13 is a schematic section on line XIII-XIII of the further rotary tool holder assembly shown in Figure 12;
  • Figure 14 is a section on line XIV-XIV through the rotary tool holder shown in Figure 13.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a high speed PCB drilling machine M comprising a spindle S comprising a tool holder assembly 1. Besides the tool holder assembly 1, the majority of the machine M is shown only in highly schematic form.
  • the tool holder assembly 1 is shown in Figure 1 holding a tool 2 in a tool receiving portion R.
  • the spindle S comprises a shaft 3 within which the tool holder assembly 1 is mounted.
  • the shaft 3 is journalled for rotation relative to the remainder of the spindle by virtue of, in this case, four radial air bearings 4.
  • a motor 5 comprising a permanent magnet portion 51 mounted within the shaft 3 and surrounding stator coils 52 is provided to rotatingly drive the shaft 3 and hence the tool holder assembly 1 and carried tool 2 around a main axis of the spindle and tool holder assembly 1.
  • a DC drive motor for rotatingly driving the shaft 3 relative to the remainder of the spindle S, but in other alternatives there may be AC drive.
  • the permanent magnet 51 which forms part of the motor 5 is in the form of a hollow cylinder.
  • the permanent magnet 5 has an air passageway 53 through its centre which allows the delivery of air along the inside of the hollow shaft 3. The significance of this will be discussed below. It is the provision of an air passageway 53 through the region of the shaft 3 occupied by the permanent magnet 51 which is of interest and the magnet 51 might have other shapes. Having said this, however, the provision of a hollow cylindrical magnet 51 is advantageous.
  • a tool stop 6 is provided at the end of the tool holder assembly 1 which is remote from the end in which the tool 2 is introduced.
  • This tool stop 6 is threadingly engaged with the remainder of the tool holder assembly 1 and serves to limit the amount of the tool 2 shank which may be fed in through the tool holder assembly L
  • a plurality of apertures 61 are defined within the tool stop 6 which are angularly spaced around the centre of the tool stop 6 and pass axially through the tool stop. Again these apertures provide a path for air from one side of the tool stop 6 to the other.
  • an end cap 7 which serves to prevent or limit the ingress of dirt or other substances into the tool holder assembly 1 from the exterior.
  • the end cap 7 includes an O ring seal 71 which is arranged about the axis of the tool holder assembly and contacts with an inserted tool 2 as shown in Figure 1.
  • the provision of this O ring seal 71 again is useful in preventing the ingress of dirt and other material and also serves to give some gripping force on the tool 2 when it is inserted into the tool holder assembly 1.
  • the gripping force applied by the O ring seal 71 is not sufficient to hold the drill bit 2 in position once the shaft and tool 2 are spun up to operational speed. It is the main part of the tool holder assembly 1 which provides this main gripping force as will be explained in more detail below.
  • the tool holder assembly 1 comprises a generally cylindrical tool holder body portion 11 within which are mounted are plurality of, in this case 3, memory metal portions 12.
  • the memory metal portions 12 are rod-like and are axially orientated relative to the axis of the tool holder assembly 1.
  • the memory metal portions are spaced from and angularly spaced around the axis of the tool holder assembly 1.
  • Each of the pairs of arms 13 is connected to the tool holder body portion 11 via a radially inwardly projecting portion lla of the tool holder body portion 11.
  • These inwardly projecting portions of the tool holder body portion 11 are equally spaced around the axis of the tool holder assembly 1. Thus in the present embodiment where there are three such projecting portions they are spaced from one another by 120°.
  • Each arm 13 in each pair extends circumferentially away from the respective inwardly projecting portion l la.
  • the inwardly projecting portions l la are therefore like webs, which in this case extend radially, connecting the arms 13 to the remainder of the tool holder body portion 11.
  • the arms 13 and webs lla extend along the whole length of the tool holder body portion 11.
  • Each of the arms 13 is arcuate and their radially innermost surfaces 13a define an inner periphery of the tool receiving portion R of the tool holder assembly 1. Taken as a whole it will be seen that the arms 13 provide in effect a split sleeve for surrounding a received tool 2.
  • the arms 13 and the tool holder body portion 11 are formed of a single piece of material which is typically steel.
  • the arms 13 are resiliently deformable such that the ends of the arms 13 remote from the webs 11a may move in a direction which is generally radial towards the axis of the tool holder assembly 1 or away from the axis of the tool holder assembly 1.
  • a remote end 13b of each arm 13 acts as a tool gripping portion for gripping an inserted tool 2.
  • the radially innermost edge 13c of the free end of each arm acts as a tool engaging edge for engaging with a tool 2 when the tool is gripped.
  • each arm 13 Between each gripping portion 13b of each arm 13 and the respective web 11a there is a portion of arm 13d which will deform as the remote ends of the arm 13b are deflected inwards or outwards relative to the axis of the tool holder assembly 1.
  • the arms 13 comprise resiliently deformable portions 13 d.
  • each of the memory metal portions 12 is shaped and dimensioned so as to generally closely fit a corresponding void provided within the tool holder body portion 11.
  • an exception to this close fitting is at the edges of each memory metal portion 12a remote from the respective arms 13 where there is a chamfer which provides a channel 12a between the memory metal portion 12 and the surrounding tool holder body portion 11.
  • These channels 12a again provide a passage for air through the tool holder assembly 1 and in particular in contact with the memory metal portions 12.
  • cut outs 11 b on either side of each web 11a between the web 11a and the respective one of the memory metal portions 12. These cut outs lib provide another passage for air through the tool holder assembly 1 which again is in contact with a surface of the memory metal portion.
  • each memory metal portion 12 contacts with the tool holder body portion 11.
  • An opposite surface 12c of each memory metal portion 12 contacts with two respective arms 13. It will be noted that the two arms 13 which contact with each memory metal portion 12 are adjacent, but are supported by different webs 11a.
  • Figure 2C shows a section through an alternative shape of memory metal portion 12' which may be used in place of the memory metal portions 12 shown in Figure 2A.
  • the memory metal portion 12' has a U-shape cut out or groove 12a' in the surface which is remote from that 12c' which contacts with the arms 13.
  • This alternative memory metal portion 12' also has curved outer edges rather than the chamfered outer edges mentioned in relation to Figure 2A and thus the alternative memory metal portion 12' contacts closely with the tool holder body portion 11 in those regions. With this alternative memory metal portion 12' an air channel through the tool holder assembly 1 is provided by the cut out 12a'.
  • gripping of a carried tool in the present spindle S is achieved by the operation of the tool holder assembly 1 and in particular the arms 13 and memory metal portions 12.
  • the tool holder body portion 11, memory metal portions 12 and arms 13 together act as gripping means.
  • the three elongate rod-like pieces of memory metal material 12 are designed and trained so as to closely fit the respective voids within the tool holder body portion 11 when in a first state having a first shape such that the arms 13 are in a relaxed non-deformed state as shown in Figure 2A. Furthermore, they are trained to transform into a second shape when a critical temperature is exceeded. Moreover, the memory metal portions 12 are chosen and trained such that this critical temperature is exceeded during operation of the machine due to heating up of the components of the spindle S and, in particular the memory metal portions 21, due to the high speed rotation of the shaft 3, tool 2 and tool holder assembly 1 and, if required, the supply of additional heat from a external source as explained in more detail below.
  • the memory metal portions 12 are trained so that in the second shape, achieved at higher temperatures, the radial (relative to the axis of the tool holder assembly 1) thickness of the memory metal portions 12 is greater than that shown in Figures 1 and 2 A where the memory metal portions 12 are in their first (low temperature) shape.
  • the memory metal portions 12 can transform back to their original shape and the arms 13 can relax back to the position shown in Figure 2A such that they no longer grip the tool.
  • some external force may be needed to force the memory metal portions 12 back to their original shape - this may be provided by the resilience in the arms or in alternatives by some other mechanism.
  • the tool may be removed from the tool receiving portion.
  • the requisite heating of the memory metal portions 12 may be achieved due to the heating which occurs as the shaft 3 is run up to speed, it can be desirable to enhance this heating effect as alluded to above and also to speed up the natural cooling down process to allow a tool 2 to be released more quickly from the tool holder assembly 1.
  • the spindle S is an air bearing spindle and thus there is a ready supply of air at the spindle S.
  • a portion of this air is directed towards the tool holder assembly 1 and, in particular the memory metal portions 21, by virtue of it being channelled through an air channel comprising the passageway 53 provided through the permanent magnet 51, the apertures 61 in the tool stop 6, and the channel portions 12a and lib described above which are in contact with the memory metal portions 12.
  • This air may then discharge from the nose of the spindle S.
  • the air can be heated or cooled before delivery towards the memory metal portions 12. Delivering hot air can help heat the memory metal portions 12 and delivering cooled (or ambient) air can help cool the memory metal portions 12.
  • Figures 3 A and 3B show sections through a spindle S' including a tool holder assembly 1 of a similar type to that shown in Figures 1 to 2B.
  • the spindle S' is similar to that of Figures 1 to 2B it will not be described in detail, but rather the differences of interest mentioned.
  • the arms 13' have a slightly different shape to that shown in Figure 2B and have surfaces shaped to match the portion of the memory metal portions 12" with which they contact.
  • the memory metal portions 12" have a different shape.
  • the memory metal portions 12" are again elongate rod-like members but, in this embodiment they are in the form of hollow cylinders. Thus, there is a central cylindrical channel 12a" through the centre of each memory metal portion 12".
  • FIG. 3B shows the tool holder body portion 11 of the assembly 1 without the memory metal portions 12" in position.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show an alternative tool holder assembly 1' which is similar to that described above in relation to Figures 1 to 2B, but which is arranged to be differently mounted within a shaft 3 and which again has differently shaped memory metal portions 12'" and receiving voids.
  • One of the memory metal portions 12" ' is shown in position in Figure 4 and shown in isolation in Figures 6A and 6B.
  • channels for heating/cooling air are provided in the form of dedicated axial bores 14 provided through the tool holder body portion 11 which are angularly spaced between the voids for receiving the memory metal portions 12'".
  • Figure 7 shows part of another spindle including yet another alternative to tool holder assembly 101.
  • This tool holder assembly 101 works in a similar way to that described above in relation to Figures 1 to 6 in that memory metal portions and gripping portions are used to hold a tool, but its structure is rather different.
  • the tool holder assembly 101 is mounted within a shaft 3 which may be used in a spindle of the same general type shown in Figure 1.
  • there are two tool holder body portions 111 which are generally cylindrical, are axially spaced from one another and each carry three axially projecting arms or fingers 113. Only two of the total of six arms 113 may be seen in Figure 7.
  • the uppermost arm 113 is connected to the tool holder body portion 111 which is furthest from the tool receiving end of the assembly 101 and the arm 113 which is lowermost is connected to the tool holder body portion 111 which is at the tool receiving end of the assembly 101.
  • a tool stop 106 is provided and is mounted in one of the tool holder body portions 111.
  • the arms 113 on each body portion 111 are equally angularly spaced around the inner periphery of the tool receiving portion R of the assembly 101.
  • the arms 113 on one body portion 111 interlock with the arms 113 on the other body portion.
  • Each of the arms 113 again has a tool contacting surface 113a and a pair of tool engaging edges (not shown).
  • Surrounding the six arms 113 are a pair of axially spaced memory metal portions 112. ha this assembly the memory metal portions 112 are ring-like with the arms 113 and tool receiving portion R passing through the centre of each ring.
  • the memory metal portions 112 are dimensioned and trained so that when in a first shape the arms 113 are in a relaxed state which allows the introduction and removal of a tool, but when in a second shape adopted above a characteristic temperature the memory metal portions 112 act upon the arms 113 to bring them into gripping contact with an inserted tool.
  • the internal diameter of the ring of each portion 112 is smaller than when in the first shape.
  • each ring-like memory metal portion 112 serves to squeeze the arms 113 inwards towards the axis of the tool holder assembly 101.
  • a first of the ring-like memory metal portions 112 is at the free ends of a first set of the arms 113 and adjacent to the second tool holder body portion 111 whereas the other memory metal portion 112 is at the free ends of the second set of arms 113 and correspondingly adjacent to the first tool holder body portion 111.
  • each memory metal portion 112 will tend to more deflect the free ends of the arms 113 in its own region than the ends of the arms 113 which are j oined to the respective tool holder body portion 111 in that region. This provides enhanced gripping at two axially spaced locations within the tool receiving portion and therefore on a carried tool.
  • the free ends of the arms 113b act as gripping portions.
  • each arm 113 is resiliently deformable with a portion of each arm 113d acting as a deformable portion.
  • the arms 113 joined to a respective one of the tool holder body portions 111 and that tool holder body portion 111 may be of a single piece of material.
  • each arm 113 face in different circumferential directions around the inner periphery of the tool receiving portion R and thus bite into a gripped tool in opposite directions.
  • the force for providing grip on a tool (other than at an extremely low speeds or when stationary) is provided by the respective memory metal portions 12, 12', 12", 12'" and 112 acting on the respective gripping portions. It has been realised by the Applicants however, that rather than this mechanism providing the primary source of gripping force on a carried tool 2, it is also possible to use the same type of ideas to provide a supplementary gripping force in a tool holder which otherwise operates as a more conventional taper collet tool holder.
  • Figure 8 shows an example of a previous taper collet tool holder which comprises a tapered collet 1001 for receiving and holding a tool (not shown) which is disposed within a shaft portion 1002 having an internal bore with a taper which is complimentary to the external taper on the tapered collet 1001.
  • a tail portion 1003 which is fixed to the main body of the taper collet 1001 and which carries a bobbin 1004.
  • the bobbin 1004 has a shoulder 1004a which faces a respective shoulder 1002a of the shaft portion 1002 in which the tapered collet 1001 is disposed.
  • a spring pack 1005 which in this previous tool holder assembly comprises a plurality of wave springs, but in other implementations might include coil springs, a single wave spring or so on).
  • the collet 1001 In operation when a tool is to be inserted into the collet 1001 , the collet 1001 is pushed out of the tapered bore, i.e. to the left with the tool holder in the orientation shown in Figure 8. This is typically achieved by a push rod actuator pushing on the rear of the tail portion 1003/bobbin 1004. This allows the jaws of the collet to adopt a rest portion which allows easy insertion of a tool. The action of the push rod actuator on the tail portion 1003/bobbin 1004 is then removed allowing the collet 1001 to be drawn back into the complementary tapered portion of shaft 1002 under action of the springs 1005. As this occurs then the interaction of the tapers causes the jaws of the collet 1001 to be forced into engaging contact with a carried tool.
  • FIGS 9, 10 and 11 show a first taper collet tool holder assembly 201 which embodies the present invention.
  • the tool holder assembly 201 is shown incomplete in Figures 9, 10 and 11 for the sake of clarity.
  • the parts corresponding to the spring pack 105, tail portion 103 and bobbin 104 of the exemplary taper collet tool holder shown in Figure 8 are omitted from the tool holder assembly 201 in Figure 10.
  • these components can be similar to those shown in Figure 8 and would serve the same function.
  • the tool holder assembly 201 is shown mounted in a shaft 3 in the same way as the tool holder assemblies described above in relation to Figures 2 to 7. Of course, this tool holder assembly 201 may be mounted in a high speed PCB drilling machine M of the type shown in Figure 1.
  • the tool holder assembly 201 is shown carrying a tool 2 in its respective tool receiving portion which is defined by the collet C.
  • the collet C is disposed within a shaft insert 231 which in this embodiment is a part of the tool holder assembly 201 and is arranged to be mounted (as shown) in the shaft 3.
  • the shaft insert 231 acts as a collet receiving portion.
  • the collet C has a body portion 211 which supports a plurality of (in this embodiment six) jaw portions 213. A portion of each of the jaw portions 213 acts as a tool gripping portion for gripping the inserted tool. Disposed around the jaw portions 213, in an accommodating recess, there is provided a ring-like portion of memory metal material 212. The memory metal portion 212 and a nose portion 213a of each of the jaws 213 resides in a tapered portion of the internal bore of the shaft insert 231 which acts as a collet receiving portion. The nose portions 213a and memory metal portion 212 together have an external taper which is complementary to the internal taper of the bore of the shaft insert 231.
  • the shaft insert 231 comprises a stress relieving recess 231a provided on the external curved surface of the insert 231 which faces the shaft 3 within which it is inserted. This stress relieving recess 231a is in the region of the memory metal portion 212.
  • the rear or innermost portion of the shaft insert 231 has a plane rather than tapered bore and this accommodates the rear or innermost portion of the collet C.
  • Each of the jaw portions 213 has a supporting portion 213b at an opposite end of the memory metal portion 212 than the nose portion 213a.
  • the supporting portions 213b are disposed within the plane portion of the bore of the shaft insert 231 and are in sliding contact with this surface.
  • a support portion 232 is provided between the shaft insert 231 and the body portion 211 of the collet C so that the collet C is supported substantially along its whole length against centrifugal effects by the shaft insert 231.
  • this type of tool holder assembly 201 might be used with a ceramic shaft 3 and in such cases the provision of the stress relieving recess 231a is of particular use.
  • a force may be applied, for example by a push rod, to the rear of the collet C pushing it out of the taper of the shaft insert 231 and allowing the jaw portions 213 to return to a rest position which is such that the tool may be relatively freely inserted or removed.
  • the present rotary tool holder assembly 201 also includes the memory metal portion 212 which can act on the j aw portions 213 to increase the gripping force on a carried tool.
  • the memory metal portion 212 is dimensioned and trained in a particular way. hi this case this is so that when in a first shape the memory metal portion 212 exerts no particular force on the jaw portions 213, the gripping force being achieved by virtue of the nose portions 213a of the jaw portions 213 being v forced towards the axis of the tool holder assembly by contact with the internal taper surface of the shaft insert 231.
  • the memory metal 212 when the memory metal 212 is in a second shape adopted above the characteristic temperature, the memory metal portion 212 acts upon the jaw portions 213 to increase the gripping contact between the jaw portions 213 and the carried tool 2.
  • the memory metal portion 212 is arranged so that the internal diameter of the ring of the memory metal portion 212 is smaller when the memory metal portion is in the second state than when it is in the first state.
  • the memory metal portion 212 may react against that surface and this may encourage gripping of the tool 2.
  • such an action may also have a tendency to increase stress on the shaft 3 within which the tool assembly 201 is housed. It is for this reason that the stress relieving recess 231 a is provided in an effort to prevent such force acting upon the shaft in a way which might damage it, particularly if the shaft 3 is a ceramic shaft.
  • the memory metal portion 212 is carried by the main portion of the collet C and that can be considered as part of the collet C itself.
  • Figures 12, 13 and 14 show another taper collet tool holder assembly 301 which embodies the present invention and has some similarities to that described immediately above.
  • a collet C is provided within a shaft insert 331 which acts as a collet receiving portion.
  • the shaft insert 331 is arranged to be mounted in a shaft 3, for example, of a machine M of the type shown in Figure 1.
  • the collet C provides a tool receiving portion for holding a tool 2 and again, whilst not shown in Figures 12, 13 or 14, a spring arrangement is provided for acting on the rear of the collet C to retract the collet C into the shaft insert 331 to grip a carried tool.
  • the collet C again comprises a plurality of (in this embodiment six) jaw portions 313, each of which comprises a tool gripping portion.
  • these jaws 313 are, in normal conditions, forced into gripping contact with the carried tool 2 via the interaction of the internal taper of the shaft insert 331 and an external taper of the collet C in the region of the j aw portions 313 and under action of the springs (not shown) .
  • a memory metal portion 312 is provided externally to the tapered bore of the shaft insert 331.
  • the memory metal portion 312 is ring-like and carried on the shaft insert 331 so as to surround the collet receiving portion.
  • grip on an inserted tool 2 and release of the inserted tool 2 can be achieved in the conventional way making use of the interacting tapers and the action of the spring, but additional grip may be provided by use of the memory metal portion 312. Again the memory metal portion 312 is appropriately dimensioned and trained to give the desired result. In the present tool holder assembly 301 this additional grip is achieved by the memory metal portion 312 being arranged to act on the jaw portions 313 via the walls of the shaft insert 231. In particular, when the memory metal portion 312 is in a first state, it exerts no particular force on the walls of the tapered collet receiving region of the shaft insert 331.
  • the memory metal portion 312 transforms to its second shape, it is arranged so that these wall portions of the shaft insert 331 are forced towards the axis of the tool holder 301 so increasing the angle of the taper and/or reducing the internal diameter of the bore along part or the whole of its length to increase the force acting on the jaw portions 313 and hence on the carried tool 2.
  • the memory metal portion 312 again may be trained to reduce the internal diameter of the ring of the memory metal portion 312 as it transforms from the first shape to the second shape. As this occurs, the external diameter of the memory metal portion 312 may increase through accident or design and thus the memory metal portion 312 may react against the internal surface of the shaft 3 within which it is mounted.
  • the shaft 3 is of suitable material, such as steel, this should not present any structural problems. Li this embodiment it will be seen that the memory metal portion 312 acts indirectly upon the gripping portions 313, that is via the wall portions of the shaft insert 331.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Jigs For Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Gripping On Spindles (AREA)

Abstract

Ensembles (1) porte-outil comprenant une partie R receveuse d'outil et des moyens (12, 13b) de préhension d'outil pour prendre un outil reçu dans la partie receveuse d'outil, les moyens de préhension d'outil comprenant au moins une partie (13b) de préhension d'outil qui est mobile entre une position de préhension d'outil et une positon de libération d'outil, et une partie (12) de métal à mémoire de forme qui est transformable de manière contrôlée en réponse à un changement de température entre une première forme et une seconde forme et est configurée pour agir sur la partie de préhension d'outil pour déplacer la partie de préhension vers la position de préhension d'outil tandis que la partie de métal à mémoire de forme se transforme depuis la première forme vers la seconde forme.
PCT/GB2007/002958 2006-08-03 2007-08-02 Ensembles porte-outil Ceased WO2008015454A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0902452.2A GB2453701B (en) 2006-08-03 2007-08-02 Tool holder assemblies comprising memory metal

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0615457.9A GB0615457D0 (en) 2006-08-03 2006-08-03 Rotary tool holder assemblies
GB0615457.9 2006-08-03
GB0615456.1 2006-08-03
GB0615456A GB0615456D0 (en) 2006-08-03 2006-08-03 Tool holder assemblies
GBGB0701282.6A GB0701282D0 (en) 2007-01-23 2007-01-23 Rotary tool holders
GB0701282.6 2007-01-23
GB0710293.2 2007-05-30
GBGB0710293.2A GB0710293D0 (en) 2006-08-03 2007-05-30 Tool holder assemblies

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008015454A1 true WO2008015454A1 (fr) 2008-02-07

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PCT/GB2007/002958 Ceased WO2008015454A1 (fr) 2006-08-03 2007-08-02 Ensembles porte-outil
PCT/GB2007/002955 Ceased WO2008015451A1 (fr) 2006-08-03 2007-08-02 Portes-outil rotatifs

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2007/002955 Ceased WO2008015451A1 (fr) 2006-08-03 2007-08-02 Portes-outil rotatifs

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210293225A1 (en) * 2020-03-23 2021-09-23 Deutsches Zentrum Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. Apparatus for Holding and Releasing with Rod-Shaped Release Elements Made of a Shape Memory Alloy

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5386256B2 (ja) * 2008-09-29 2014-01-15 日立ビアメカニクス株式会社 チャック
DE202013008019U1 (de) 2013-09-09 2013-09-26 Peter Langbein Dämpfungselemente für Werkzeugspannsysteme

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JPS57107710A (en) * 1980-12-20 1982-07-05 Seiwa Seimitsu Koki Kk Holder for cutting tool
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US4790700A (en) * 1984-07-30 1988-12-13 Schwartzman Everett H Integral spring flexure for use with high speed rotating shafts
US5108236A (en) * 1990-02-16 1992-04-28 Hitachi, Seiko, Ltd. Low mass spindle and z-axis unit
EP0532824A1 (fr) * 1991-08-28 1993-03-24 Mercedes-Benz Ag Queue standard pour outils tournants pouvant être reçu directement dans la broche d'une machine-outil
US5197720A (en) * 1989-03-23 1993-03-30 Daimler-Benz Ag Clamping tool for non-positive and high-precision clamping of workpieces
DE19860254C1 (de) * 1998-12-24 2000-05-31 Daimler Chrysler Ag Spannfutter
WO2004103619A2 (fr) * 2003-05-22 2004-12-02 Westwind Air Bearings Ltd Ensembles de retenue d'outil rotatif

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GB1118828A (en) * 1965-07-01 1968-07-03 Silbert Colin Davies Improvements in or relating to chucks for high speed rotary tools
JPS56134109A (en) * 1980-03-19 1981-10-20 Kosoku Denki Kk Collet chuck
US4869626A (en) * 1986-04-18 1989-09-26 Dynamotion Corporation High speed drilling spindle
US5997223A (en) * 1998-09-22 1999-12-07 Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. High speed drilling spindle with reciprocating ceramic shaft and edoubl-gripping centrifugal chuck
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57107710A (en) * 1980-12-20 1982-07-05 Seiwa Seimitsu Koki Kk Holder for cutting tool
US4790700A (en) * 1984-07-30 1988-12-13 Schwartzman Everett H Integral spring flexure for use with high speed rotating shafts
JPS62199306A (ja) * 1986-02-25 1987-09-03 Mazda Motor Corp 加工用工具の保持装置
US5197720A (en) * 1989-03-23 1993-03-30 Daimler-Benz Ag Clamping tool for non-positive and high-precision clamping of workpieces
US5108236A (en) * 1990-02-16 1992-04-28 Hitachi, Seiko, Ltd. Low mass spindle and z-axis unit
EP0532824A1 (fr) * 1991-08-28 1993-03-24 Mercedes-Benz Ag Queue standard pour outils tournants pouvant être reçu directement dans la broche d'une machine-outil
DE19860254C1 (de) * 1998-12-24 2000-05-31 Daimler Chrysler Ag Spannfutter
WO2004103619A2 (fr) * 2003-05-22 2004-12-02 Westwind Air Bearings Ltd Ensembles de retenue d'outil rotatif

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210293225A1 (en) * 2020-03-23 2021-09-23 Deutsches Zentrum Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. Apparatus for Holding and Releasing with Rod-Shaped Release Elements Made of a Shape Memory Alloy
US11701716B2 (en) * 2020-03-23 2023-07-18 Deutsches Zentrum Fur Luft-Und Raumfahrt E.V. Apparatus for holding and releasing with rod-shaped release elements made of a shape memory alloy

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